Rozprawy doktorskie: „Startup failures”

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Dantas, Gustavo Ferreira. "How business models can affect startup failure : Monkey´n Apps Business Study". Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/19331.

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Mestrado em Gestão/MBA
As startups são jovens empresas de base tecnológica focadas no desenvolvimento de produtos ou serviços de ponta, sob condições de incerteza. Nesse cenário, um modelo de negócios inadequado pode levar a uma falha nos negócios, pois o modelo de negócios descreve a arquitetura dos elementos que permitem que uma organização crie, configure e valor apropriado. Esta dissertação tem como objetivo identificar como os modelos de negócios estão associados ao fracasso de startups. Para esse fim, usamos um único estudo de caso baseado em uma startup brasileira, a Monkey'n Apps. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas com o fundador e um funcionário. A análise avalia as construções apresentadas no modelo de negócios integrado de Wirtz (2016) e, em seguida, relacionamos esses modelos parciais aos processos de criação de valor, configuração de valor e apropriação de valor. Nossos resultados sugerem que a inicialização falhou devido ao modelo de recursos. Apesar de ser o modelo parcial mais crítico, o modelo de recursos foi caracterizado por um desalinhamento entre os fundadores, o que levou a uma liderança fraca. A falta de habilidades gerenciais contribuiu para deteriorar o ambiente da empresa, que mais tarde deixou o fundador ignorar seu principal ativo, seus funcionários.
Startups are young technology-based companies focused on developing state-of-the-art products or services under conditions of uncertainty. In this scenario, an inappropriate business model can lead to business failure since the business model describes the architecture of the elements that allow an organization to create, configure, and appropriate value. This dissertation aims to identify how business models are associated with the failure of startups. For this purpose, we use a single case-study based on one Brazilian startup, Monkey'n Apps. The data was collected through interviews with the founder and one employee. Our analyses evaluate the constructs presented on Wirtz's (2016) integrated business model and then we relate those partial models to the processes of value creation, value configuration and value appropriation. Our results suggest that the start-up failed because of the resource model. Despite being the most critical partial model, the resource model was characterized by a misalignment between the founders led to a poor leadership. The lack of management skills contributed deteriorate the environment in the company that later on let the founder to ignore their primary asset, their employees.
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Ek, Gabrielle, i Ciriak Eszter. "The high risk of failure in micro-enterprises : Reducing failure-risk by evolving the traditional business plan". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-150029.

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Today’s economy of the European Union is statistically proven to be largely made up of startup enterprises. Startups, that has been and will be an essential part of the economy, be it present or future. However, it is a well-known fact that startup failure rates are quite high, both in the economy as a whole as well as the restaurant industry which is of focus in this paper. Therefore, there is a pressing need among both scholars and entrepreneurs to figure out how to reduce the micro-enterprise startup failure rates. It is why; this paper was written with the purpose of studying the components of a traditional business plan model, to look for gaps and parts that are worth developing more. Primary concern was to find out the necessary steps a startup must take in the business plan to better avoid financial failure in the pre-established startup period – which is over 42 months. Therefore the following research question was posed: “How can the components of the traditional business plan be adapted or complemented by contemporary research, and, entrepreneurs’ views and experiences in order to better avoid financial failure of a micro-enterprise start-up within the European restaurant industry?” In order to answer this question a qualitative study was done; contemporary research was reviewed and compared with primarily collected data which was gathered by conducting semi-structured interviews with managers and employees of restaurants. The abductive approach allowed the authors to “enrich” the established theories used. It was made clear that two prominent gaps were found in the traditional business plan models; networking and a red-thread strategy. The first gap, networking, includes the need to establish a “network identity” within the network that the startup operates in, and to plan how the network that the business operates in can be used, as well as clearly state what purposes and benefits it provides. The second gap, red-thread strategy, emphasizes the need of a strong overall focus on the desired goals and visions of the organization in order for it to better operate and function, and specifically, how it is to be implemented to permeate throughout daily operations. It is to make the operational inferences of the vision clear, and how the startup will ensure that the aim will stay the same through their day-to-day operations. To conclude, it was found that by allegedly filling up those two gaps by including them in detail in the business plan, the startup could have a bigger chance of avoiding financial failure within the startup period.

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Straub, Derek S. (Derek Stephen). "Scale-up of a high technology manufacturing startup : failure tracking, analysis, and resolution through a multi-method approach". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/101333.

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Thesis: M. Eng. in Manufacturing, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2015.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 95-98).
Product reliability, quality, and performance are essential for all companies, especially high technology manufacturing startups looking to scale-up successfully. Company image and reputation can be heavily impacted by product failures. The cost of failures in-house and at the customer will only increase as a company scales up. Failure mitigation is critical to the success of a product and its company throughout the entire product lifecycle. This thesis proposes an ideal Failure Mitigation Strategy (FMS) that provides a methodology and framework with linear process workflow and easy to follow steps that lead to the reduction of cost from failures. Establishing a strong FMS will assist the company in learning from their failures while reducing the total number and average cost of failure events. The ideal FMS was tailored to and implemented at New Valence Robotics Corporation (NVBOTS) in Boston, Massachusetts, as a case study. The ideal FMS consists of failure tracking, failure analysis, and multi-method failure resolution. Failure events are first observed and properly documented via the failure tracking system. Failure tracking data is then processed during failure analysis using a total cost model to automatically prioritize and down select the most impactful failure event types. Root cause analysis is then performed on the top priority failure event types. Finally a robust multi-method failure resolution methodology uses an economical combination of design and process changes along with testing to eliminate or reduce the cost of those failures. Over 200 failure events were tracked, including 50 unique failure event types, accounting for over $75,000 in costs at NVBOTS. A unified and improved tracking system was implemented at NVBOTS along with a powerful analysis framework. Failure analysis was performed, prioritizing the failures by total cost and a failure resolution framework was designed to implement the solutions to the top priority failure event types. The ideal Failure Mitigation Strategy offered in this thesis provides NVBOTS and other entities a framework that allows for full understanding of the current failure landscape as well as a systematic method to reduce the impact from failures through elimination and mitigation.
by Derek S. Straub.
M. Eng. in Manufacturing

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Liu, Xiaobo. "Optimal Timing to Start Treatment Using Structural Failure Time Models". Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1532132805119808.

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Shabbir, Ali M. Eng Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Scale-up of a high-technology manufacturing startup : improving product reliability through systematic failure analysis and accelerated life testing". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/101334.

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Thesis: M. Eng. in Manufacturing, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2015.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 112-115).
Ensuring product reliability is a key driver of success during the scale-up of a high-technology manufacturing startup. Reliability impacts the company image and its financial health, however most manufacturing startups do not have a solid understanding of their product's reliability. The purpose of this thesis is to introduce systematic failure analysis to the engineering design process and to establish a framework for testing and analyzing product life so that imperative business decisions and design improvements could be made with regards to reliability. A detailed study and implementation of these process improvements to address reliability issues was conducted at New Valence Robotics Corporation (NVBOTS) in Boston, Massachusetts. Systematic failure analysis was achieved through the creation and implementation of Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) procedures. A single FMEA iteration was performed on the NVPro printer to identify the top risk component-linear ball bushings-for detailed life analysis. Following an in-depth investigation of potential failure modes of the linear bushings, an Accelerated Life Test (ALT) was designed using Design of Experiments (DOE) principles. An accompanying test apparatus with mechatronic control was also designed. The ALT was not actually executed but representative data was analyzed for illustrative purposes using the General Log-Linear (GLL) life-stress relationship and a 2-parameter Weibull distribution for the accelerating stresses of mechanical load and lubrication. The work performed provides NVBOTS and similar high-technology manufacturing startups a complete starting point for systematically analyzing their product's reliability and quantitatively evaluating its life in a resource efficient way.
by Ali Shabbir.
M. Eng. in Manufacturing

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Cotterill, Keith. "How do attitudes of habitual high-technology entrepreneurs to early-stage failure differ in Silicon Valley, Cambridge and Munich?" Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/244653.

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Entrepreneurs develop new technology ventures in uncertain conditions with unproven technologies and limited resources. The majority of such ventures fail, yet entrepreneurship is regarded as a national (and regional) engine for economic growth. This thesis aims to examine entrepreneurs’ attitudes to failure in order to reveal insight on how entrepreneurs learn and how they identify subsequent opportunities, and investigate possible regional differences in such attitudes and entrepreneurial responses. There is much literature on entrepreneurial failure but relatively little that is focused on attitudes to failure, the high-technology industry, or international comparisons. This thesis examines how entrepreneurs’ attitudes to failure in early-stage technology companies differ in the USA (Silicon Valley), UK (Cambridge) and Germany (Munich), and implications for entrepreneurial learning and opportunity identification in these regions. Interviews with habitual entrepreneurs explore their experiences of failed ventures, using a methodology from qualitative psychology - Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) - for the gathering and analysis of data to reveal emergent trends. This analysis is then used to compare attitudes to failure within and between each region, and a preliminary conceptual framework is proposed for analyzing future experiences of entrepreneurial failure. Findings from this idiographic study suggest that although each entrepreneur’s experience of and attitudes to failure is unique, there are more commonalities than differences between regions. Furthermore, these findings reveal the importance of the use of language and narrative in the analysis of such accounts. In addition, the results allow reflection on the appropriateness and limitations of methodologies such as IPA for this subject. This thesis contributes to theory by examining ‘effectuation’ as a way to understand these experiences, and discussing the impact of findings in relation to attribution theory, prospect theory and real-options theory. This thesis contributes to practice by augmenting existing knowledge of entrepreneurial failure through the comparative (regional) approach and the industry-specific (high-technology) focus. It may also improve the preparedness of new practitioners and entrepreneurs, with positive implications for future entrepreneurial success.

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Paula, Rosemberg Ribeiro de. "Análise de risco na introdução de novas tecnologias em startups". Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/19923.

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Mestrado em Contabilidade, Fiscalidade e Finanças Empresariais
Sabe-se que o ambiente corporativo é cada vez mais complexo, pois o gerenciamento de uma organização convive diariamente com a imprevisibilidade e ambiguidade, principalmente, quando a empresa está inserida em mercados dinâmicos e aleatórios. Nestes mercados, as empresas startups ganham cada vez mais espaço face as empresas tradicionais. Nesse sentido, o gerenciamento de risco torna-se uma ferramenta cada vez mais necessária uma vez que visa identificar e gerir a incerteza, analisando quais deles podem impactar os objetivos estratégicos da organização. Por esse motivo, tem-se como objetivo identificar como os empreendedores gerenciam o desenvolvimento de um produto ou serviço e os aspectos que representam riscos nesse processo. A metodologia deste trabalho é qualitativa e a investigação foi realizada com base em uma empresa startup. A entrevista semiestruturada deu suporte de informação para a construção do mapa de relação de causa e efeito dos riscos identificados e para a utilização da ferramenta de gestão fundamentada no planejamento estratégico da empresa. Com a análise, percebe-se que os objetivos de negócio colocam a estratégia em prática, ou seja, há uma estrutura de gerenciamento de riscos alinhada à estratégia e aos objetivos da empresa no processo de planejamento estratégico. Para além disso, percebeu-se que as características inerentes à empresa estão alinhadas com a literatura, no que diz respeito ao sucesso das empresas startups.
It is known that the corporate environment is increasingly complex, since the management of an organization coexists daily with the unpredictability and ambiguity, especially when the company is inserted in dynamic and random markets. In these markets, startup companies gain more and more space compared to traditional companies. In this sense, the risk management becomes an increasingly necessary tool since it aims to identify and manage uncertainty in a timely manner, discerning which of them may affect the strategic objectives of the organization. For this reason, the objective is to identify how the entrepreneurs manage the product or service development and the aspects that represent risks in this process. The methodology used in this study is qualitative and the research was carried out based on a Startup company. The semi-structured interview gave information support for the construction of the cause and effect relationship map of the risks identified and for the use of the management tool based on the company's strategic planning. With the analysis, it is realized that the business objectives put the strategy into practice, that is, there is a structure of risk management aligned with the strategy and objectives of the company in the process of strategic planning. In addition, it was noticed that the characteristics inherent to the company are in agreement with the literature with regard to the success of startups companies.
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Pedro, Beatriz de Castro Silva Miranda. "Impacto das competências de marketing no sucesso (insucesso) das Startups". Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/19561.

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Mestrado em Gestão e Estratégia Industrial
Apesar da crescente tendência para o aparecimento de startups nos mercados, a taxa de sucesso das mesmas permanece reduzida. Assim sendo, torna-se necessário perceber o motivo pelo qual esta tendência está, muitas vezes, condenada ao insucesso. Posto isto, o marketing foi identificado como um dos principais motivos pelos quais as startups não sobrevivem. Assim sendo, o propósito deste estudo é analisar o impacto das competências de marketing nas startups uma vez que, ao identificar os aspetos que levam ao seu sucesso, é possível concluir como é que a má exploração das competências de marketing podem conduzir a startup a falhar. Como tal foi conduzido um estudo qualitativo, com recurso a entrevistas semiestruturadas, a 10 startups portuguesas de modo a conseguir alinhar as proposições desenvolvidas com a revisão de literatura efetuada. Os resultados obtidos permitiram confirmar que a exploração correta das competências de marketing, tanto estratégicas como operacionais, é um dos motivos que leva à continuidade das startups, o que significa, ao mesmo tempo, que um dos principais motivos pelos quais estas podem falhar é a utilização inadequada das mesmas. As competências de marketing estão associadas à continuidade de uma startup, e embora não sejam as únicas, têm um peso determinante. Torna-se, por isso, essencial que as startups desenvolvam estas competências para que se mantenham vivas.
Despite the growing trend towards the emergence of startups in the markets, their success rate remains quite low. Therefore, it's necessary to understand the reasons why the startups are often condemned to failure. Marketing has been identified as one of the main reasons why startups do not survive. Consequently, the purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of marketing competences on the success of startups since, by identifying the aspects that lead to their success, it's possible to conclude how the poor exploration of marketing competences can lead to your failure. As such, a qualitative study was conducted, using semi-structured interviews, to 10 Portuguese startups in order to align the propositions developed by the literature. The results obtained allowed us to confirm that the correct exploration of marketing competences, both strategic and operational, are one of the reasons that leads to the continuity of startups. This means, at the same time, that one of the main reasons why these failures happen are the inadequate use of these competences. Marketing competences are associated with the continuity of a startup, and even though they are not the only ones, they have a "decisive weight". It is therefore essential that startups develop these competences in order to promote their sustainability.
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Lemos, Helio Ricardo Souza de. "The failure of early-stage technology startups in Brazil: a study about the contributing factors to the early-death of startups between 2009 and 2014 in Southeastern Brazil". reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/13098.

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This research aimed to find out which are the main factors that lead technology startups to fail. The study focused on companies located in the Southeast region of Brazil that operated between 2009 and 2014. In the beginning, a review of the literature was done to have a better understanding of basic concepts of entrepreneurship as well as modern techniques for developing entrepreneurship. Furthermore, an analysis of the entrepreneurial scenario in Brazil, with a focus on the Southeast, was also done. After this phase, the qualitative study began, in which 24 specialists from startups were interviewed and asked about which factors were crucial in leading a technology startup to fail. After analyzing the results, four main factors were identified and these factors were validated through a quantitative survey. A questionnaire was then formulated based on the answers from the respondents and distributed to founders and executives of startups, which both failed and succeeded. The questionnaire was answered by 56 companies and their answers were treated with the factor analysis statistical method to check the validity of the questionnaire. Finally, the logistical regression method was used to know the extent to which the factors led to the startups’ failure. In the end, the results obtained suggest that the most significant factor that leads technology startups in southeastern Brazil to fail are problems with interpersonal relationship between partners or investors.

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Lambertucci, Albertina. "Os fracassos das start-ups e a inadequação dos seus modelos de negócio : Alpha Start-up". Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/19265.

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Mestrado em Gestão/MBA
Esta dissertação avalia como uma start-up cria, configura e capta valor através de seu modelo de negócio. Identificar a relação entre esses aspetos do valor e o fracasso das start-ups é muito relevante devido à elevada taxa de mortalidade dessas empresas. Para estudar esta relação, utilizamos o estudo de caso em profundidade. Analisamos uma start-up tecnológica localizada em Lisboa, que desenvolveu dois modelos de negócios que deram origem a duas empresas e produtos diferentes, a empresa Alfa com o produto e-Alfa de streaming e notícias de música e a empresa Beta com o produto Beta de música ambiente para espaços públicos. Este estudo de caso permitiu identificar que o modelo da empresa Alfa tinha fragilidades em relação ao planeamento, ao seu modelo de receita, à sua dependência de um único fornecedor (editoras de música) e parcerias exclusivas (Microsoft). Estas foram as principais fontes de fracasso da empresa Alfa e permanecem um risco para a atual empresa Beta. Beta continua a depender de dois fornecedores (Passmúsica e Sociedade Portuguesa de autores). Os resultados deste estudo podem contribuir para aumentar as taxas de sucesso das start-ups, ao confirmar a necessidade de um bom planeamento e de uma revisão constante dos componentes do modelo de negócio.
This dissertation analyses how a start-up creates, configures and captures value through its business model. Identifying the relationship between these factors of value and failure is very relevant due to start-ups high mortality rates. To study this relationship, we use an in-depth case study. We evaluate a technological start-up located in Lisbon, which developed two business models that gave rise to two different companies and products: the Alfa company with the e-Alfa streaming and music news product and the Beta company with Beta Music for Public Spaces. Alpha's business model failed due to weaknesses in its planning and revenue model, reliance on unique sources of supply (music publishers) and on an exclusive partnership (Microsoft). These issues remain risk factors for the current Beta company. Beta continues to rely on only two sources of supply (Passmúsica and Sociedade Portuguesa de Autor). The results of this study may contribute to increase start-ups success rates by confirming the need of a good planning and constant review of business model components.
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Page, Andrew. "Enablers and Inhibitors of Digital Startup Evolution : A Multiple-Case Study of Swedish Business Incubators". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för informatik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-175495.

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Global advances in digital technology are facilitating a corresponding rise in digital entrepreneurship and its startup manifestation. Many uncertainties exist upon the road to digital startup evolution; a number of which may be successfully navigated with the assistance of business incubators. While these organisations provide valuable guidance and support to the startup community, their efforts are, at least in some part, constrained by the lack of a consistent and coherent roadmap to guide both them and their incubatees. This work proposes a solution to that deficiency by addressing the question - What are the enabling and inhibiting factors in digital startup evolution within an incubator setting? - via a multiple-case study that examined digital startups under the umbrella of three business incubators in the city of Umeå, Sweden. This work builds on the existing literature both through its narrowed focus on incubators as well as through its presentation of the Ideation Dynamics Model as a proposed guide for both incubators and digital startups to follow.

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Gregory, Anthea. "The meaning of success and failure for the business start up participant". Thesis, University of Leicester, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/35487.

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Peets, Kyle Adam Kalev. "You are a maniac and you need to start changing your life". Thesis, University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1723.

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Louro, Marta Sofia Duarte. "Análise das start-ups informáticas em Portugal: 1990 a 2005". Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/1145.

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Mestrado em Ciências Empresariais
O objectivo deste trabalho de pesquisa é apresentar os resultados de um estudo exploratório sobre diversas variáveis organizacionais de todas as das start-ups informáticas (seguindo a classificação portuguesa das actividades económicas vigentes - CAE 72 - actividades informáticas e conexas) nascidas em Portugal, entre 1990 e 2005. A investigação considerou as variáveis capital inicial, dimensão inicial, volume inicial de vendas e área geográfica. A investigação foi realizada com base em informação relativa a 3115 empresas criadas durante o referido período. Após a classificação das empresas em dois grupos - aquelas que obtiveram sucesso e as de insucesso - analisámos os seus diferentes perfis, testamos estatisticamente a sua diferença e confrontamos os resultados com a literatura. No final, apresentamos as conclusões do trabalho, bem como as suas limitações e deixamos pistas para investigação futura.
The objective of this research work is to report the findings of an exploratory study on several organizational variables from all IT Portuguese entrepreneurial start-ups founded between 1990 and 2005. This study covers the following organizational variables: initial capital, initial dimension, initial sales level and geographical location. This research work was based upon data related to 3115 start-ups born in Portugal within the time frame. After classifying the start-ups into two groups - successful ones and unsuccessful ones - we have analyzed their profiles, we have tested their differences and we confronted results to previous literature. In the end of this study we present its conclusions, as well as, its limitations and we provide future research tips.

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Smith, Eric. "Business Sustainability Strategies of Small Technology Companies". ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7338.

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Each year, almost 12% of small technology companies fail to survive, and the risks associated with high-tech startups are high for business failure due to the introduction of new technology, similar competitor technology, and the short product life cycle of new products. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore the business sustainability strategies that some owners of small technology companies used to remain in operation for longer than 5 years. The population for the study was the owners of 5 small technology companies located in the southeast region of the United States. The general systems theory was the conceptual framework for the study. Data were collected through semistructured interviews and review of company documents, 10K report, cash flow, and profit and loss statements. Methodological triangulation and member checking were used to help ensure the reliability of the study. The analysis and data management process included an examination of the data for themes, trends, redundancy and common denominators. Four themes emerged during the research: prior serial entrepreneurial success, willingness to stay the course, ability to raise sufficient capital to meet obligations and driven and passionate owners. The implications of this study for positive social change include the potential to improve business practices through educating small business owners, first time owners of small businesses, minority and women entrepreneurs, governments, and small business incubators that have a stake in business creation and entrepreneurial development in local communities, on sustainability strategies.

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Gros, Emilien B. "Liquid-Salt-Cooled Reactor start-up with natural circulation under Loss-of-Offsite-Power (LOOP) conditions". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/43745.

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The Liquid-Salt-Cooled Very High-Temperature Reactor (LS-VHTR) was modeled using the neutronics analysis code SCALE6.0 and the thermal-hydraulics and kinetics modeling code RELAP5-3D with objective to devise, analyze, and evaluate the feasibility and stability of a start-up procedure for this reactor using natural circulation of the coolant and under the Loss Of Offsite Power (LOOP) conditions. This Generation IV reactor design has been studied by research facilities worldwide for almost a decade. While neutronics and thermal-hydraulics analyses have been previously performed to show the performance of the reactor during normal operation and for shutdown scenarios, no study has heretofore been published to examine the active or passive start-up of the reactor. The fuel temperature (Doppler) and coolant density coefficient of reactivity of the LS-VHTR were examined using the CSAS6 module of the SCALE6.0 code. Negative Doppler and coolant density feedback coefficients were calculated. Two initial RELAP5 simulations were run to obtain the steady-state conditions of the model and to predict the changes of the thermal-hydraulic parameters during the shutdown of the reactor. Next, a series of step reactivity additions to the core were simulated to determine how much reactivity can be inserted without jeopardizing safety and the stability of the core. Finally, a start-up procedure was developed, and the restart of the reactor with natural convection of the coolant was simulated. The results of the simulations demonstrated the potential of a passive start-up of the LS-VHTR.

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Bratteby, Adrian. "Why Open Data Applications fail : A multiple case study of five Swedish open data applications". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-264099.

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In the 21st century data has become a very valuable resource, being collected by individuals, companies, organizations and governments. Unfortunately, as more and more data is being collected, more time is also spent on locking it up, centralizing power and knowledge to a few actors. Open data is an idea and field of research, with a clear aim to make data available to everyone without restrictions. Among various benefits, it has been suggested that open data has great economic potential, but since most people lack the necessary skills to make use of the data there needs to be an actor which creates a service around it. However, despite the predictions of wealth open data service creation is still in its infancy; few services are being created and most projects do not last beyond prototype stage. This thesis investigates reasons for why many open data applications (ODAs) do not continue developing and how one can overcome these obstacles. The study is carried out as a multiple case study on five Swedish cases that all were created during a publicly funded hackathon, Hack for Sweden. The cases are analyzed from multiple perspectives, including common reasons for startup failure, market failure theory and business model analysis. Findings suggest that the failure of an ODA is a multi-dimensional problem, which is in line with previous research on general startup failure. The study concludes that failure of an ODA can be attributed to factors related to the product and the entrepreneur(s), but also to general characteristics of ODAs. These characteristics come into play when the ODA aims to create value for society or a public actor. In such cases the study concludes that in order for more ODAs to develop sustainably and create value in the long-term, actors from the public sector must support and cooperate with ODA-creators in the development of the services.
Under 2000-talet har data blivit en mycket värdefull resurs och samlas in av individer, företag, organisationer och offentlig sektor. I takt med att mer och mer data samlas in spenderas tyvärr också mer tid på att begränsa åtkomsten till datan - vilket centraliserar makt och kunskap till ett fåtal aktörer. Öppna data är en idé och forskningsområde som syftar till att tillgängliggöra data för alla, utan restriktioner. Utöver transparens och andra demokratiska fördelar har det föreslagits att öppna data har en signifikant ekonomisk potential, men eftersom de flesta saknar nödvändiga kunskaper för att dra nytta av datan behövs det en aktör som bygger en tjänst kring den. Trots förmodan att öppna data har en stor ekonomisk potential ligger öppna data-tjänsteskapandet fortfarande i sin linda; endast ett fåtal projekt skapas och de flesta fortsätter inte efter prototyp-stadiet. Den här studien undersöker anledningar till varför många öppna data applikationer (ODA - akronymen följer den engelska termen "Open Data Application" för att undvika missförstånd) inte fortsätter utvecklas och hur man kan hantera dessa problem. Studien är utformad som en flerfallsstudie av fem svenska projekt som alla skapades under det offentligt finansierade hackathonet - Hack for Sweden. Fallen analyserades ur ett flertal perspektiv, däribland vanliga anledningar till varför startup:s misslyckas, toeri kring marknadsmisslyckanden, samt affärsmodellsanalys. Studiens resultat visar att orsaken till varför många ODA-projekt misslyckas är ett multidimensionellt problem, vilket är i linje med tidigare forskning på startup-misslyckanden i allmänhet. Studiens slutsats är att ett ODA-misslyckande kan tillskrivas faktorer kopplat till produkten och entreprenören, men också generella attribut hos ODAs. Dessa attribut har en avgörande roll när ODAn ämnar skapa värde för samhäller eller offentlig sektor. I sådana fall är slutsatsen att för att fler ODAs ska kunna utvecklas hållbart och skapa värde långsiktigt, måste aktörer från offentlig sektor finansiera och samarbeta med ODA-skaparna i utveckligen av ODAn.

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18

Staak, Thorsten [Verfasser], Matthias [Akademischer Betreuer] Raith i Karl-Heinz [Akademischer Betreuer] Paque. "Governmental start-up support in the light of allocative market failure : justification, analysis, and design / Thorsten Staak. Betreuer: Matthias Raith ; Karl-Heinz Paqué". Magdeburg : Universitätsbibliothek, 2011. http://d-nb.info/104759613X/34.

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19

Miziolek, Tomasz. "Startup failures: the research on the major factors causing the startup failures". Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/120105.

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The research is focused on finding out what are the major reasons for start up failures. To accomplish that, the survey on the founders of start ups that failed was conducted. The results were split into the general presentation and divided by the characteristics of companies such as a stage of development, number of founders, industry, type of financing, and business model. The critical factors of start up failures turned out to be Poor sales and marketing, Business model not viable, Not the right team, Other market problems (not enough traction, too niche market), Lack of financing. The results differ in the start ups with different characteristics.

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Kalyanasundaram, Ganesaraman. "Tech Startup Failures in India: Causal Attributes, Life Expectancy, and Exits". Thesis, 2021. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/5165.

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The rapid growth of tech startups delivering innovative products/services in the market has been contributing to the economic growth of nations. However, entrepreneurs driving the tech startups experience multiple challenges, and if they remain unaddressed, startups experience failure. Startup genome (2019) reports that about 90% of the tech startups experience failure globally, and India as a developing economy aspiring to grow at an exponential rate is not different. While the Indian startup ecosystem promotes more startup creations, they do not have the required information to prevent future startup failures, which justifies an empirical study. In this study, we address the following research objectives. (i) What are the causal attributes of startup failures? (ii) What is the life expectancy of a startup? (iii) How did the startup and entrepreneur exit? To explore the above three research objectives, we gathered primary data from 151 cofounders (101 who have experienced failure and 50 who are successful and continuing their operations) from India's six leading startup hubs. To analyze our research objectives, we have used the following statistical techniques: (i) Binomial logistic regression, (ii) Survival analysis, including Kaplan – Meier estimation technique, and Cox proportional hazard regression, (iii) Classifications techniques, including CHAID and neural networks. The analysis results are summarized as follows: (i) The causal attributes that differentiate failed startups from successful ones at emergence, stability, and growth stages are identified. The attributes that can elevate startups from emergence to stability and stability to growth stages are also identified. With this, a clear picture emerges on the entrepreneurial journey, while distinguishing the failed startups from the successful ones. (ii) The life expectancy is different across the startup lifecycle stages, and the attributes that influence startup life expectancy are identified. (iii) The influencers of startup exit types and entrepreneur exit types are identified. The impact of startup exits on stakeholders and the epiphanies detailing how entrepreneurs cope and advise future entrepreneurs are captured. The study has the following two key contributions. First, the significance of startup lifecycle stages across all the three research objectives was ascertained, and it provides a detailed insight into startup failures. Next, this study's theoretical framework is replicable and scalable for studying the multifaceted and multilevel startup failure phenomenon. This empirical study has practical implications for entrepreneurs, investors, policymakers, and academicians. Firstly, entrepreneurs can plan for resources and be aware of the potential pitfalls of their startup journey. Secondly, investors should establish the engagement framework, governance structure, and plan their future funding strategy. Thirdly, policymakers should design and establish progressive support mechanisms that can prevent startup failures in the future. Fourthly, academicians can plan future research based on the comprehensive conceptual framework and study the startup failure phenomenon further.

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Huang, Shu-Huei, i 黃淑慧. "The Factors Behind Startup Failure and Success form The Perspectives of Venture Capital Firms and Startups". Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/2k2kyb.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
工業工程學研究所
105
Venture capital is by default a high risk high return investment. Entrepreneurship is equally risky but with equally high reward and most entrepreneurs have a swim-or-sink mentality. Entrepreneurs and venture capitalists may be seen as playing against each other in a capital game. But they are also united by a common goal: lowering the risk of the venture whilst maximizing the profit. Those new ventures, however, predicted on new technology, new markets and new business models whose matrix and dynamics the established appraisal failed to catch. Thus new appraisal models are needed. This study is a preliminary attempt to address this issue.This study has identified 20 major factors responsible for new business venture failure. These factors are divided into three categories, according to their impact and in descending order: most critical, critical, less critical. For this study, a questionnaire structured around those 20 failure factors are put to a carefully selected respondents of seasoned entrepreneurs and venture capitalists. The results are collected and analyzed. Both entrepreneurs and venture capitalists are fairly consistent in their views of the most critical factors for business success. They both emphasize products and management teams. Capital is the biggest difference between the two sides. An entrepreneur leader is considered the single most critical factor. A leader provides vision and drive. A leader identifies new market with matching new products or services. With proper execution, it will ensure the new venture success. It is hoped that this study will contribute in a small and preliminary way in identifying alternatives to the received models of new venture appraisal.

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22

Deecke, Thedda Henny. "Start-up failure: what reasons for start-up failures can be related to a lack of business development? How should the business development in start-ups ideally be designed?" Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/111529.

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This direct research project aims to investigate the reasons of entrepreneurial failure of Ger-man start-up companies. By a literature review of recent studies on entrepreneurial failure and the conduction of expert interviews the research question “What reasons for start-up failures can be related to a lack of business development? How should the business development in start-ups ideally be designed? ”was answered. This work proves that a well thought through business development including a dynamic, not static, balance between the different levels of a business model could prevent many start-ups from failing and there by the high failure rates could be reduced.

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23

CHUEH, CHIO-JUONG, i 闕玖榮. "The Study of Key Failure Factors for Taiwan Small and Medium Startup Enterprises". Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/93153613327193541838.

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碩士
輔仁大學
科技管理學程碩士在職專班
105
The number of new enterprises is an indicator of a country's economic growth progress. The higher the number of new enterprises means more demands for the fundings. It also represents the opportunity for new investment is increasing. Small and medium enterprises have played a major role for Taiwan's economic growth miracles since the 70's. In Taiwan, 95％ of the fundings came from relatives, friends, colleagues and family members. Most people tend to praise the success of business investments but the key factors of investment failure is usually overlooked. There is a price to every success in business world and success is not always guaranteed. Investors suffer losses when investment does not turn out as expected. The results of the losses usually have great economic impact and all parties involved will be affected. This study will explore the key failure factors of investment for new enterprises in Taiwan. It will also provide guidelines and prospectives to potential investors before making decisions to invest in any new enterprise. Hopefully, the success rate of new enterprises investment can be greatly improved after careful analysis and evaluations. That is the objective of this research. This paper applies the Delphi method and interviews with experts to summary some key failure factors, A total of three questionnaire surveys are performed to derive consistent views from the experts. Afterwards, this paper conducts pairwise comparisons in the Analytic Hierarchy Process method to come up with the weights and priorities of individual indicators. A list of key failure factors for the Invest startup of enterprise with the Delphi Method and Analytic Hierarchy Process.

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24

Chen, Hung-Sheng, i 陳宏昇. "A Study Exploring How Startup Accelerators to Reduce the Risk of Business Failure". Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/gp9w5p.

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碩士
國立交通大學
管理學院管理科學學程
107
With the advancement of technology, the industrial form has gradually evolved. Past successful business models would not be sustainable in different environment or emerging industries. Therefore, Startups need to continuously invest their efforts of learning, through continuous improvement to establish a suitable business models for fulfilling new market demand. As many startups spend time to accumulate experience to find a suitable business model, the management team of startup accelerator could provide the counseling in the process. The accelerators could be a platform for experience sharing that can significantly reduce the resource and time to avoid non- necessary business failures. This research first collects the factors contributing to the startup failures, then classify these factors into five categories according to the SHELL model supported with relevant business management theories to explain how these factors have caused a startup to failure. By selecting global successful startup accelerators to discuss what the accelerating programs provided are designed to mitigate the five categories of factors to avoid failures.

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25

Dias, Nuno Miguel Costa Ferreira. "Failure factors of technological driven start-ups: datris solutions case study". Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/58404.

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Dissertação de mestrado em International Business
This internship report reflects the status and evolution of the technological driven start-up, Datris Solutions, which is a start-up focused on exploring opportunities in the open data and membership management applications sectors. Datris was created in 2015 and presently, in 2018 has yet to release a finished product that can be used to generate revenue. Continuous issues afflict the development of the start-up’s team and products which resulted in the slow progress and evolution of the two. In an attempt to pump fresh ideas and motivation into the current start-up’s team members, additional personal was hired, in this case a marketing research intern to assist the team in every marketing related effort with special focus for marketing research. This created the adequate scenery for an internship in the area of International Business since it allowed a look into the development and evolution of a young technological driven startup in a foreign country. The knowledge gained during the regular theoretical modules of the International Business masters classes provided the necessary tools to assess an international business/start-up health and the insight to provide advice on what would be the best suggestions to increase the start-up’s productivity, development and how to develop an accurate market research. With that in mind, this internship report will focus on assessing the current factors that are inhibiting the development and growth potential of technological driven start-ups. By identifying, analysing and comparing them to the literature research findings regarding failure factors that inhibit technological start-up development, we hope to contribute to the current literature. In addition, we will suggest an action plan to reduce the influence of these negative factors to ensure a better survivability rate for the start-up for the years to come.
Este relatório de estágio reflete o status e a evolução da start-up tecnologicamente orientada, Datris Solutions, que é uma start-up focada na exploração de oportunidades nos setores de aplicativos abertos de gerenciamento de dados e de membros. A Datris foi criada em 2015 e atualmente, em 2018, ainda não lançou um produto acabado que pode ser usado para gerar receita. Problemas contínuos afligem o desenvolvimento da equipa e dos produtos da startup, que resultaram no lento progresso e evolução dos dois. Na tentativa de impulsionar novas ideias e motivação para os atuais membros da equipa da start-up, foi contratado um membro adicional, neste caso um estagiário de marketing para auxiliar a equipa em todos os esforços relacionados ao marketing com foco especial para pesquisa de marketing. Isso criou o cenário adequado para um estágio na área de Negócios Internacionais, uma vez que permitiu analisar o desenvolvimento e a evolução de uma jovem startup tecnológica num país estrangeiro. Os conhecimentos adquiridos durante os módulos teóricos regulares das aulas de Mestrado em Negócios Internacionais forneceram as ferramentas necessárias para avaliar a saúde de uma empresa internacional / start-up e a visão para fornecer conselhos sobre quais seriam as melhores sugestões para aumentar a produtividade, desenvolvimento e desenvolvimento. e como desenvolver uma pesquisa de mercado precisa. Com isso em mente, este relatório de estágio será concentrado na avaliação dos fatores atuais que estão limitando o desenvolvimento e o potencial de crescimento de startups tecnologicamente orientadas. Ao identificá-los, analisá-los e compará-los com os o que nos diz a pesquisa bibliográfica sobre a falta de start-up tecnológico, esperamos contribuir para a literatura atual. Além disso, sugeriremos um plano de ação para reduzir a influência dos fatores negativos para garantir uma melhor taxa de sobrevivência para o início dos próximos anos.

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HungTa, Huy, i 謝輝雄. "The Impact of Entrepreneurial Failure Costs and Failure Learning on Re-start Intention - The Moderating Roles of Entrepreneurial Resources". Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03552713271367411298.

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碩士
國立成功大學
國際經營管理研究所
102
This study has conducted to identify the life of the entrepreneurs who had failure experiences from the time after their failure to the recovery time of them. The quantitative method was conducted to find the relationship between the costs of failure and the learning process from failure, the re-start intention. It also was used to clarify the moderating effect of entrepreneurial resource in the recovery process of re-start intention. The finding from this research is the negative moderating effect from entrepreneurial resource in the relationship between the learning from failure and the re-start intention. The research also provides the evidence to the scholar who develop the literature of the entrepreneurship to have some new direction in the research about the entrepreneur’s intention, and the entrepreneur’s behavior by using the Motivation- Opportunity- Ability perspective. Based on this study, the failed entrepreneurs were provide the different point of view about their failure, they also can find some mechanism to over their grief from their failure to have more optimistic in the entrepreneur’s career. Overall, the contribution of this research was presented by the academic field and the practical value.

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27

"The financing threshold effect on success and failure of biomedical and pharmaceutical start-ups". Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Alfred P. Sloan School of Management, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/2113.

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Silva, Francisco Aguiar de Melo e. "Fatores que contribuem para o insucesso das startups : o reverso da "medalha"". Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/25153.

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Dissertações de mestrado em Gestão
A literatura na área do empreendedorismo revela que existe uma elevada taxa de insucesso nas novas empresas. Este tema apresenta-se como relevante, sobretudo no contexto atual, e existem três argumentos que contribuem para explicar este fenómeno, a saber: (1) a taxa de sobrevivência das novas empresas ao fim de três anos é ainda de 47,1%, apesar da existência de um número cada vez maior de estudos que procuram identificar os fatores que contribuem para o seu sucesso; (2) o facto de a maioria dos estudos se focar no sucesso e não no insucesso; e (3) a inexistência de uma correlação direta entre os fatores que respetivamente contribuem para o sucesso e para o insucesso. A literatura distingue três níveis de análise entre os principais fatores de insucesso: (1) nível do empreendedor; (2) nível da organização; e, (3) nível do ambiente. Contudo, existe ainda uma ausência de consenso acerca das razões do insucesso de uma startup o que conduz, na maioria dos casos, a resultados empíricos controversos e fragmentados. Neste sentido, este estudo procura analisar o outro lado deste fenómeno, nomeadamente identificar e compreender os fatores que contribuem para o insucesso das micro e startups. Para tal, foi feita uma análise aprofundada com base em 29 entrevistas semiestruturadas em que se distinguiram dois grupos de intervenientes: (1) os empreendedores que vivenciaram o insucesso e (2) os especialistas que interagem com startups, distinguindo-se neste último grupo, especialistas de caráter investidor e especialistas em empreendedorismo e/ou inovação. Após a análise e tratamento dos dados obtidos através de uma rigorosa análise de conteúdo das entrevistas, procedeu-se à conceção de um modelo integrado que contribui para uma melhor compreensão deste fenómeno. Assim, o modelo proposto considera as seguintes razões explicativas: (1) as causas que contribuem para o insucesso das startups centram-se em oito fatores (serão devidamente especificados); (2) o modelo deve assumir um enfoque mais relacional e uma natureza mais personalizada em detrimento de uma maior padronização; e, (3) as inter-relações entre diversos atores e stakeholders podem assumir um papel fundamental na organização de uma startup, antecipando problemas futuros e possibilitando contorná-los.
The literature of the area of the entrepreneurship reveals that there is a high percentage of failure in new companies. This theme presents itself pertinent, especially in the actual context, and there are three arguments that contribute to explain this phenomenon: (1) the survival rate of new companies after three years it is still of 47,1%, aside from the existence of a continuous higher number of case studies that try to determine the factors that contribute to their success; (2) the fact that most case studies only focus on the success and not on the failure ; and (3) the inexistence of a direct correlation between the factors that respectively contribute to both the success and failure. The literature distinguishes three different levels of analysis between the main factors to failure: (1) level of the entrepreneur; (2) level of the organization; and, (3) level of (work) environment. Nevertheless, there is still an absent of reasoning regarding the reasons of failure of a startup which leads, in most cases, to controversial and fragmented empirical results. Based on this, this study aims to analyze the other side of this phenomenon, mainly identify and understand the factors that contribute to the failure of both micro and startups. For this it was done a depth analysis based on twenty nine semi-structured interviews in which it were distinguished two intervenient groups: (1) the entrepreneurs that have experienced success and (2) the specialists that interact with startups, distinguishing in this last group, experts of investor nature and in entrepreneurial and/or innovation. After the analysis and treatment of the statistics obtained through a rigorous analysis of the interviews content, proceeded to the conception of an integrated model that contributed to a better understanding of this phenomenon. Thereby, the proposed model considers the following expository reasons: (1) the causes that contribute to the startups failure centered in eight factors (will be accordingly specified); (2) the model should assume not only a more relationship approach and also of a more personalized nature more personalized in detriment of a higher standardization; and, (3) the inter-relations between several actors and stakeholders may assume a fundamental role in the organization of a startup, anticipating future problems and giving the possibility to bypass them.

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Peixoto, Bernardo Maria Santos Costa de Vasconcelos. "Why start-ups fail in Portugal?" Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/25360.

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This work aims to understand what Portuguese entrepreneurs demand from incubators and what kind of support are these entities are not currently providing to entrepreneurs. At the same time, it aims to appreciate the initial stage as a major obstacle during the start-up’s life path and goals to demystify the complexity that this period comprehends. By doing so, this thesis labels these two analyses as failure causes. And so, this paper suggests that entrepreneurial failure should be scrutinized in order to avoid same errors. In the end, it is found that Portuguese entrepreneurial ecosystem has favourable conditions to exploit the entrepreneurial activity. Portugal possesses the proper infrastructures, the required capital sources and the necessary geographical and climate characteristics able to attract more foreign investors and to sustain the national start-ups headquartered here. However, there’s a need to restructure the educational system, to disclosure and to promote the Portuguese market, to join synergies between the government and these nongovernmental entities and to coordinate the incubator’s work in order to promote a sustainable and bright entrepreneurial future in Portugal.
Este estudo sugere um escrutínio ao fracasso empreendedor em prol de evitar os mesmos erros no futuro. Paralelamente, esta tese investiga o suporte das incubadoras junto dos empreendedores e a fase inicial destas pequenas empresas. Adicionalmente, define estas duas análises como motivações para este insucesso. Pretende-se então perceber o que é que os empreendedores Portugueses exigem às incubadoras e que tipo de suporte estas entidades não estão capazes de oferecer. Ainda assim, este estudo define a fase inicial como um problema em si e objetiva desmistificar a complexidade em torno deste período. Por fim, o ecossistema empreendedor Português apresenta condições favoráveis para fomentar a atividade empreendedora. Portugal apresenta boas infraestruturas, as necessárias fontes de capital e as características geográficas e meteorológicas capazes de atrair investidores estrangeiros e manter as start-ups portuguesas sedeadas no seu país de origem. Contudo, é exigida uma restruturação do sistema educacional e coordenação no trabalho das incubadoras para que se consiga construir um futuro empreendedor sustentável.

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Pinto, Miguel Veloso. "Understanding what leads to a start-up failure by creating an S/F prediction model for the Portuguese companies". Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/19449.

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Nowadays, the amount of companies' creation has been progressively increasing year by year but, that does not necessarily mean they are being developed in the way they should to reach their goals. The start-up tech industry and all the external factors that influence them have changed over time but, there are still some improvements to do regarding some of the internal factors that influence and might contribute to the early-stage company failure. Since the Portuguese State created programs that backup monetarily some of these companies, sometimes they do not have enough knowledge nor reliable feedback of their market to launch a start-up, consequently having a negative economic and social impact on the country. Being aware of this subject, this study decided to analyse all the topics that would influence these types of companies starting by doing a literature review, critical for the whole development of the dissertation because of the substantiation it gives to it. Thus, some topics were searched to understand how those variables could be relatable to the success or failure of a start-up. The methodology involved in this study is essentially an analysis of the Portuguese start-ups by inquiring their founders through a questionnaire, both for those who failed and those o succeed, about their experiences in the company. Subsequently, it was made a comparison between the two of them with the aim to understand and infer some conclusions about the variables that influence the most this problematic by creating a prediction model.
A indústria das Start-up tecnológicas e todos os fatores externos que a influenciam têm vindo a alterar ao longo do tempo, mas, ainda há aspetos a melhorar sobretudo ao nível interno das empresas, sendo esses fatores muitas das vezes as principais causas da falha de uma firma numa fase inicial. O Estado Português tem criado programas direcionados para apoiar financeiramente as Start-ups, no entanto, para além desse apoio, as empresas por vezes não possuem o conhecimento ou realizaram um estudo de mercado insuficiente a fim de conseguir utilizadores para o seu produto/serviço, acabando por ter um impacto negativo ao nível económico e social no nosso país. Portanto, este estudo decidiu começar por analisar alguns dos tópicos que acabam por influenciar este tipo de empresas através de uma revisão de literatura, sendo que é importante para todo o desenvolvimento desta dissertação devido ao suporte teórico que lhe dá. Após isso, problemas como as caraterísticas dos fundadores das start-ups e outros fatores externos, como por exemplo o financiamento, foram pesquisados a fim de perceber como estes podem estar relacionados com o sucesso ou insucesso de uma microcompanhia. A metodologia envolvida neste estudo é essencialmente constituída por uma análise através de um questionário feito aos fundadores das empresas, quer tenham tido sucesso ou não. Consequentemente, foi feita uma comparação entre os dois tipos de informação recolhida e, tentar perceber de que forma existe uma correlação entre as variáveis abordadas a fim de retirar conclusões e criar um modelo de previsão.

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