Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Starts and turns”
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Rühlemann, Christoph. "Turn structure and inserts". International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 25, nr 2 (28.08.2020): 185–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.19098.ruh.
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Abstract Turns-at-talk often do not start with their main business but rather with a pre-start (Sacks et al., 1974). This paper investigates the correlation of pre-starts with inserts, one of three major word classes (Biber et al., 1999). Based on the BNC’s mark-up, I investigate how inserts are positionally distributed in large amounts of turns of varied lengths. The analysis shows that inserts are overwhelmingly attracted to turn-first positions, the likely location of pre-starts. Further, in a subsample of 1,000 ten-word turns manually coded for pre-starts, 86% of all inserts serve a pre-start function. The findings call into question current speech processing models that fail to factor in turn structure. Further, pre-starts have crucial sequential and interactional implications as early indicators whether the new turn “agrees” with the prior turn and are likely key signals aiding listeners’ action ascription.
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de Jesus, Karla, Luis Mourão, Hélio Roesler, Nuno Viriato, Kelly de Jesus, Mário Vaz, Ricardo Fernandes i João Paulo Vilas-Boas. "3D Device for Forces in Swimming Starts and Turns". Applied Sciences 9, nr 17 (30.08.2019): 3559. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9173559.
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Biomechanical tools capable of detecting external forces in swimming starts and turns have been developed since 1970. This study described the development and validation of a three-dimensional (six-degrees of freedom) instrumented block for swimming starts and turns. Seven force plates, a starting block, an underwater structure, one pair of handgrips and feet supports for starts were firstly designed, numerically simulated, manufactured and validated according to the Fédération Internationale de Natation rules. Static and dynamic force plate simulations revealed deformations between 290 to 376 µε and 279 to 545 µε in the anterior-posterior and vertical axis and 182 to 328.6 Hz resonance frequencies. Force plates were instrumented with 24 strain gauges each connected to full Wheatstone bridge circuits. Static and dynamic calibration revealed linearity ( R 2 between 0.97 and 0.99) and non-meaningful cross-talk between orthogonal (1%) axes. Laboratory and ecological validation revealed the similarity between force curve profiles. The need for discriminating each upper and lower limb force responses has implied a final nine-force plates solution with seven above and two underwater platforms. The instrumented block has given an unprecedented contribution to accurate external force measurements in swimming starts and turns.
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Qiu, Xiao, Blanca De la Fuente, Alberto Lorenzo i Santiago Veiga. "Comparison of Starts and Turns between Individual and Relay Swimming Races". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, nr 9 (29.04.2021): 4740. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094740.
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The present study investigated swimmers’ performances on the starting and turning segments between individual and relay races. A total number of 72 race performances of the same swimmers in both relay 4 × 100 m finals (freestyle, medley, and mixed freestyle) and individual 100 m finals or semi-finals (butterfly, breaststroke, and freestyle) from the LEN European Swimming Championships were compared with repeated measures MANOVA. Swimmers performed 5–7% faster starts in the relay than in the corresponding individual events, despite no differences in the flight phase and a lower performance (shorter distances and slower velocities) on the underwater start section. The 15 m turn times were slower in the butterfly relay races although no specific differences in the underwater parameters were observed. These results suggest that specific training of the starting and turning segments should be performed under relay conditions to optimise pacing and performance in the underwater sections.
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Worawannotai, Chalermpong, i Watcharintorn Ruksasakchai. "Competition-Independence Game and Domination Game". Mathematics 8, nr 3 (5.03.2020): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math8030359.
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The domination game is played on a graph by two players, Dominator and Staller, who alternately choose a vertex of G. Dominator aims to finish the game in as few turns as possible while Staller aims to finish the game in as many turns as possible. The game ends when all vertices are dominated. The game domination number, denoted by γ g ( G ) (respectively γ g ′ ( G ) ), is the total number of turns when both players play optimally and when Dominator (respectively Staller) starts the game. In this paper, we study a version of this game where the set of chosen vertices is always independent. This version turns out to be another game known as the competition-independence game. The competition-independence game is played on a graph by two players, Diminisher and Sweller. They take turns in constructing maximal independent set M, where Diminisher tries to minimize | M | and Sweller tries to maximize | M | . Note that, actually, it is the domination game in which the set of played vertices is independent. The competition-independence number, denoted by I d ( G ) (respectively I s ( G ) ) is the optimal size of the final independent set in the competition-independence game if Diminisher (respectively Sweller) starts the game. In this paper, we check whether some well-known results in the domination game hold for the competition-independence game. We compare the competition-independence numbers to the game domination numbers. Moreover, we provide a family of graphs such that many parameters are equal. Finally, we present a realization result on the competition-independence numbers.
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Matthews, Roger. "False Starts, Wrong Turns and Dead Ends: Reflections on Recent Developments in Criminology". Critical Criminology 25, nr 4 (25.09.2017): 577–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10612-017-9372-9.
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Hermosilla, Francisco, Ross Sanders, Fernando González-Mohíno, Inmaculada Yustres i José M. González-Rave. "Effects of Dry-Land Training Programs on Swimming Turn Performance: A Systematic Review". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, nr 17 (3.09.2021): 9340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179340.
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Swimming coaches have prescribed dry-land training programs over the years to improve the overall swimming performance (starts, clean swimming, turns and finish). The main aim of the present systematic review was to examine the effects of dry-land strength and conditioning programs on swimming turns. Four online databases were scrutinised, data were extracted using the Preferred PRISMA guidelines and the PEDro scale was applied. A total of 1259 articles were retrieved from database searches. From the 19 studies which were full-text evaluated, six studies were included in the review process. The review indicated that plyometric, strength, ballistic and core training programs were implemented for improving swimming turn performance. Strength, ballistic and plyometric training focusing on neural enhancement seem to be effective for improving swimming turn performance. The data related to training of the core were not conclusive. Coaches should consider incorporating exercises focusing on improving the neuromuscular factor of the leg-extensor muscles into their daily dry-land training programs. More researches are needed to provide a better understanding of the training methods effects and training organisations for improving swimming turn performance.
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Veiga, Santiago, Antonio Cala, Pablo G. Frutos i Enrique Navarro. "Comparison of starts and turns of national and regional level swimmers by individualized-distance measurements". Sports Biomechanics 13, nr 3 (13.06.2014): 285–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2014.910265.
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Gueguen, Yannick, Yann Czorlich, Max Mastail, Bruno Le Tohic, Didier Defay, Pierre Lyonnard, Damien Marigliano i in. "Yes, it turns: experimental evidence of pearl rotation during its formation". Royal Society Open Science 2, nr 7 (lipiec 2015): 150144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.150144.
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Cultured pearls are human creations formed by inserting a nucleus and a small piece of mantle tissue into a living shelled mollusc, usually a pearl oyster. Although many pearl observations intuitively suggest a possible rotation of the nucleated pearl inside the oyster, no experimental demonstration of such a movement has ever been done. This can be explained by the difficulty of observation of such a phenomenon in the tissues of a living animal. To investigate this question of pearl rotation, a magnetometer system was specifically engineered to register magnetic field variations with magnetic sensors from movements of a magnetic nucleus inserted in the pearl oyster. We demonstrated that a continuous movement of the nucleus inside the oyster starts after a minimum of 40 days post-grafting and continues until the pearl harvest. We measured a mean angular speed of 1.27° min −1 calculated for four different oysters. Rotation variability was observed among oysters and may be correlated to pearl shape and defects. Nature's ability to generate so amazingly complex structures like a pearl has delivered one of its secrets.
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Stevenson, Leslie. "Critique of Kant on Arithmetic". Estudos Kantianos [EK] 9, nr 1 (10.07.2021): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.36311/2318-0501.2021.v9n1.p77.
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Arithmetical truths are a priori, but our understanding of them starts with the practical experience of counting. Whether arithmetic is analytic – or synthetic as Kant maintained – turns out to depend on what view we take about the precise scope of logic. A survey of mathematical theorizing about various kinds of numbers shows that there is more than one kind of “construction” or “intuition” involved. Kant’s conception of a priori intuition, as applied to arithmetic, seems to be just mathematical perception.
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Auer, Peter. "Turn-allocation and gaze: A multimodal revision of the “current-speaker-selects-next” rule of the turn-taking system of conversation analysis". Discourse Studies 23, nr 2 (9.03.2021): 117–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461445620966922.
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It is argued in this paper that a multimodal analysis of turn-taking, one of the core areas of conversation analytic research, is needed and has to integrate gaze as one of the most central resources for allocating turns, and that new technologies are available that can provide a solid and reliable empirical foundation for this analysis. On the basis of eye-tracking data of spontaneous conversations, it is shown that gaze is the most ubiquitous next-speaker-selection technique. It can function alone or enhance other techniques. I also discuss the interrelationship between the strength for sequential projection and the choice of next-speaker-selection techniques by a current speaker. The appropriate consideration of gaze leads to a revision of the turn-taking model in that it reduces the domain of self-selection and expands that of the current-speaker-selects-next sub-rule. It also has consequences for the analysis of “simultaneous starts”.
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Slawson, S. E., P. P. Conway, L. M. Justham i A. A. West. "The development of an inexpensive passive marker system for the analysis of starts and turns in swimming". Procedia Engineering 2, nr 2 (czerwiec 2010): 2727–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2010.04.058.
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Marinho, Daniel, Tiago Barbosa, Abel Rouboa i António Silva. "The Hydrodynamic Study of the Swimming Gliding: a Two-Dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Analysis". Journal of Human Kinetics 29, nr 1 (1.09.2011): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10078-011-0039-4.
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The Hydrodynamic Study of the Swimming Gliding: a Two-Dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) AnalysisNowadays the underwater gliding after the starts and the turns plays a major role in the overall swimming performance. Hence, minimizing hydrodynamic drag during the underwater phases should be a main aim during swimming. Indeed, there are several postures that swimmers can assume during the underwater gliding, although experimental results were not conclusive concerning the best body position to accomplish this aim. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyse the effect in hydrodynamic drag forces of using different body positions during gliding through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methodology. For this purpose, two-dimensional models of the human body in steady flow conditions were studied. Two-dimensional virtual models had been created: (i) a prone position with the arms extended at the front of the body; (ii) a prone position with the arms placed alongside the trunk; (iii) a lateral position with the arms extended at the front and; (iv) a dorsal position with the arms extended at the front. The drag forces were computed between speeds of 1.6 m/s and 2 m/s in a two-dimensional Fluent® analysis. The positions with the arms extended at the front presented lower drag values than the position with the arms aside the trunk. The lateral position was the one in which the drag was lower and seems to be the one that should be adopted during the gliding after starts and turns.
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Krause, Daniel. "Effects of additional knowledge of results on modifying highly practiced acyclic swimming techniques with knowledge of performance". International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching 12, nr 6 (2.11.2017): 737–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747954117738894.
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The author investigated the effects of additional knowledge of results on modifying swimming starts and turns with video-based knowledge of performance. A total of 18 swimming experts (15–18 years of age) learned modifications of start and turn techniques with knowledge of performance or a combination of knowledge of performance and knowledge of results. The feedback condition was switched between the groups from experiment 1 to experiment 2. Both experiments contained 50 trials with augmented feedback distributed over five sessions. Both experiments revealed no detrimental effects of additional knowledge of results on process-related performance variables. With respect to the result-related variables (start time and turn time), only the groups without knowledge of results exhibited temporary impairment in the immediate retention tests. The results are largely replicated in both experiments. Knowledge of results seems to have positive effects on modifying with knowledge of performance. The presence of knowledge of results might reduce the deautomatizing conscious control processes that are induced by knowledge of performance and might cause temporary performance impairments.
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Davison-Pégon, Claire. "Samuel Solomonovich Koteliansky and British Modernism". Translation and Literature 20, nr 3 (listopad 2011): 334–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/tal.2011.0035.
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This article examines S. S. Koteliansky as cultural mediator involved not only in the translation of Russian classics, but in strategic marketing ploys and post-revolutionary activism, shaping the cultural attitudes of early twentieth-century London. It starts from his networks in Whitehall, Westminster, and Bloomsbury, before appraising the tactics of enjoining writers to translate and publish the texts he was bringing to Britain. It then turns to the poetics of co-authored translations. Brief extracts from ‘Stavrogin's Confession’, the suppressed chapters of Dostoevsky's The Possessed, translated in 1922 in collaboration with Virginia Woolf, reveal a distinctly modernist attention to voice.
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Sample, Mark Graham. "Conversation and Genre Analysis of a Political News Debate". International Journal of Linguistics 7, nr 3 (11.07.2015): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v7i3.7991.
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<p>The author uses spoken discourse taken from a live television political news debate to reveal the techniques and strategies used by three interlocutors as they attempt to achieve their goals and agendas. Frameworks from the fields of conversation analysis (henceforth CA) and genre analysis are used to analyse the data. The data show how the interaction starts within the constraints of a television news interview before becoming combative as the interlocutors jostle to achieve their personal goals and agendas. The paper also notes audience involvement and who the interlocutors are addressing during their turns.</p>
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Skare, Roswitha. "Filmmusikken i Nanook of the North: fra kompilasjon til partitur". Nordlit 16, nr 1 (1.05.2012): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/13.2311.
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The article starts with the film's premiere in New York in 1922. With help of 2 cuesheets - probably compiled in 1922 - the music of one scene ("Winter") is examined, before the article takes a look into 2 original scores composed by Stanley Silvermanand Timothy Brock for either VHS or DVD editions of the film. It turns out that these original scores give much more priority to the pictures than the music that probably accompanied Nanook in 1922. One explanation for this might be found in the different experiences of today's audiences concerning film in general and film music in particular.
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TOMKINS, LEAH. "The Myth of Narcissus: Ovid and the Problem of Subjectivity in Psychology". Greece and Rome 58, nr 2 (26.09.2011): 224–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017383511000131.
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This article discusses an engagement between the worlds of classical poetry and contemporary empirical psychology. What starts with a return to a classical text through the lens of psychology turns into a review of psychology through the lens of the Classics, inspiring some fresh ideas about subjectivity and how to handle it in psychological research. The question of subjectivity is, of course, a key one for the humanities, because the personhood of the reader, the interpreter, or the researcher exerts a vital influence on the way in which any text is read and its meaning extracted.
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Da Cruz, Daniel Magalhães, Fernanda Mazuco Clain i Carlos Eduardo Marcos Guilherme. "Experimental study of the torsional effect for yarn break load test of polymeric multifilaments". Acta Polytechnica 62, nr 5 (31.10.2022): 538–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ap.2022.62.0538.
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Polymeric multifilaments have gained a significant interest in recent decades. In the studies of mechanical characteristics, although there are different types of tests, such as rupture, abrasion, creep, impact and fatigue, it can be said that the main mechanical characterisation is the tensile rupture strength (Yarn Break Load, YBL), which also serves as a parameter for other tests. The objective of this work is to evaluate the results of breaking strength under different torsional conditions in polymeric multifilaments and to determine optimal twists for failures. The test were carried out with the following materials: polyamide, polyester, and high modulus polyethylene (HMPE), and for torsional conditions: 0, 20, 40, 60, 120, 240, and 480 turns per metre. As a result, for these torsion groups, curves were obtained for the three materials that present an optimal point of maximum rupture value, which was also experimentally proven. The twist that optimises the breaking strength of HMPE is 38 turns per metre, 56 turns per metre for polyester, and 95 turns per metre for polyamide. The twist groups that exceed the optimal torsion have a deleterious effect on the material, where the multifilament ceases to be homogeneous and starts to create an excessive "spring effect". The results found differ from the recommendation of the standard that regulates the YBL test, and thus, a relationship is built between groups of optimal torsion and linear density that provides evidence that the increase in linear density causes the optimal torsion for rupture to also increase, while the standard places a condition of 30 turns per metre for linear densities greater than 2200 dtex, and 60 turns per metre for linear densities less than 2200 dtex. In addition to optimal torsion values, this conclusion is paramount, the test procedure makes a general recommendation that does not optimise the breaking strength.
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Divakar, Suhas. "ATmega8 Based Obstacle Avoiding Helicopter". Advanced Materials Research 403-408 (listopad 2011): 4888–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.403-408.4888.
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This paper presents a way to build an autonomous obstacle avoiding helicopter. This helicopter is built on an ATmega8 microcontroller which has been programmed using Arduino. It basically has 3 infra-red sensors (LM358), one in- front, one at the left and one at the right. It has 3 DC motors, two at the top and one at the rear. There are 2 H-bridges (L293D) mounted on it to provide the driving mechanisms for the motors. There are three DC motors with rated voltage of 3.7V used. Once the helicopter has been turned on, it rises about 10cms above the ground and starts moving straight until an obstacle has been detected by the front sensor. It then starts turning right until the obstacle is no longer obstructing its movement. If the sensor on the left detects an obstacle it turns right, vice-versa. If there are obstacles on all three sides, it comes to a halt. It continues doing this until it has been brought to rest by switching it off.
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Born, Dennis-Peter, Joris Kuger, Marek Polach i Michael Romann. "Turn Fast and Win: The Importance of Acyclic Phases in Top-Elite Female Swimmers". Sports 9, nr 9 (31.08.2021): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports9090122.
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The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of start and turn performances on race times in top-elite female swimmers and provide benchmarks for all performance levels, all swimming strokes, and all race distances of the European Short-Course Championships (EC). The individual races (n = 798) of all female competitors (age: 20.6 ± 3.9 years, FINA points: 792 ± 78) were video-monitored for subsequent analysis of start and turn performances. Benchmarks were established across all competitors of each event based on the 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles. Start and turn performances contributed up to 27.43% and 56.37% to total race time, respectively. Mechanistic analysis revealed that the fastest swimmers had the lowest contribution of the acyclic phases to race time. Therefore, relative to their faster race times, these swimmers were even faster during starts and turns. Multiple linear regression analysis showed large effects of turn performance on 50, 100, 200, 400, and 800 m race times (β = 0.616, 0.813, 0.988, 1.004, and 1.011, respectively), while the effect of start performance continuously decreased the longer the race distance. As turn performance may be the distinguishing factor in modern short-course races, benchmarks should be used to set goals and establish training guidelines depending on the targeted race time.
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Löwenstein, David. "Gesetze des Denkens? Von Husserls und Freges Psychologismus-Kritik zu einem transzendentalen Kern der Logik". Zeitschrift für philosophische Forschung 74, nr 4 (15.12.2020): 514–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3196/004433020830955969.
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Husserl and Frege reject logical psychologism, the view that logical laws are psychological 'laws of thought'. This paper offers an account of these famous objections and argues that their crucial premise, the necessity of logical laws, is justified with reference to a problematic metaphysics. However, this premise can be established in a more plausible way, namely via a transcendental argument which starts from the practice of rational criticism. This argument is developed through a discussion of Quine's holism, which at first appears to make the idea of the necessity of logical laws even less plausible, but eventually turns out to speak in favor of this view.
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Wu, Meng Yun, i Jie Lu. "Theoretical Research on Obstacles of Organizational Learning and Self-Transcendence in Chinese Family Business". Applied Mechanics and Materials 291-294 (luty 2013): 3046–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.291-294.3046.
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No matter in quantity or in scale, family enterprise takes a great share of world economy and occupies a very important position in the national economy, research on family enterprise also turns to be the focus of theoretic research in all countries. Meanwhile, organizational learning is the source for enterprises to survive, develop and maintain the enduringly competitive advantages. However, the obstacles in learning are difficult questions and have effect on family enterprises’ core competence. Thus, the article starts with the basic meaning of obstacles in organizational learning, analyzes their influence factors from areas of learning process, organization’s ideas, culture, etc., and carries on the systematic exploration on enterprises’ organizational learning.
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Esposito, Elena. "From self-reference to autology: how to operationalize a circular approach". Social Science Information 35, nr 2 (czerwiec 1996): 269–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/053901896035002006.
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One of the most innovative features of Niklas Luhmann's theory resides in its allegedly circular construction: it starts from the assumption that even a theory of society itself is but a part of the object (society) that it aims to explain. Hence the relevance and crucial position of the issue of self-description. Using observation theory and second-order cybernetics, the paper briefly examines the epistemological presuppositions that are the basis for this position. It then turns to one of the aspects of the theory that reveals most clearly the consequences of this circular approach: the study of communication as applied to the system of science.
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Domenici, Paolo, i Robert W. Blake. "The effect of size on the kinematics and performance of angelfish (Pterophyllum eimekei) escape responses". Canadian Journal of Zoology 71, nr 11 (1.11.1993): 2319–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z93-325.
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Angelfish (Pterophyllum eimekei) employ two types of fast-starts, single bend (SB) and double bend (DB). Higher performance (distance travelled, velocity, acceleration) and smaller angles of turn are found in DB responses than in SB responses. The percentage of DB responses is inversely related to body size. Small fish employ DB responses for all escape angles, whereas larger fish commonly show SB responses. This is due to a decrease in maximum DB escape angles for larger fish. Escape angles for pooled SB and DB responses are size-independent. Distance covered within a given time, maximum velocity, and maximum acceleration for pooled SB and DB responses are size-independent. With the exception of the smallest fish, angelfish show submaximal performance when making large turns. We suggest that angelfish employ a particular type of response depending on their predators' strike angle. Extremely small and large fish use principally DB and SB responses, respectively. The employment of SB and DB responses in small and large fish, respectively, may be restricted to a narrow range of predator strike angles.
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Daroch, Magdalena. "„Mordercy? To byli ci z SS.” O micie niewinnego Wehrmachtu na marginesie powieści Ulli Hahn Unscharfe Bilder (,Nieostre zdjęcia’, 2003)". Acta Philologica, nr 57 (2021) (30.12.2021): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.7311/acta.57.2021.04.
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This article looks at the idea of the “Clean Wehrmacht”, as opposed to the SS, who were implicated in the mass executions of Jews and other civilians in the East. This narrative is proven wrong in Ulla Hahn’s Unscharfe Bilder wherein an exhibition on the Wehrmacht exposes the crimes of its soldiers. The main protagonist in Ulla Hahn’s novel Unscharfe Bilder recognizes in one of the photos a character strikingly similar to her father, and so she starts questioning him about his past. He insists that the Wehrmacht was a regular German army and tries to put individual cases into perspective. It turns out that the historical of the Wehrmacht is not so clear.
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Försterling, H. D., i H. Schreiber. "Reaction of Bromous Acid with Bromide in the Presence of Silver Ions". Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 43, nr 11 (1.11.1988): 956–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1988-1107.
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Abstract The reaction HBrO2 + Br- + H + →2 HOBr, which is the most important control reaction in the Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) system, is investigated in competition to the AgBr precipitation reaction Ag+ + Br- →AgBr. It turns out that the bromite-bromide reaction starts even in the presence of Ag+ in high concentration; the rate of consumption of bromite by bromide, however, is slowed down significantly if silver ions are present in the system. The experiments reveal that the AgBr precipita tion reaction proceeds in a series of several steps, starting with a fast equilibrium. This way different experimental results on the influence of silver ions on the kinetics of the BZ reaction may now be better understood.
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Law, John. "On Sociology and STS". Sociological Review 56, nr 4 (listopad 2008): 623–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954x.2008.00808.x.
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This paper starts by exploring the development of Science, Technology and Society (STS) in the UK in the late 1960s, emphasising its interdiciplinary roots, and comparing and contrasting it with the concerns of Sociology. It then turns to more recent developments in STS, outlining the importance of material semiotics to important traditions within the discipline including those influenced by actor network theory, feminism, and postcolonialism. It notes, in consistency with the Foucauldian approach, that material semiotics implies that knowledge traditions are performative, helping to create the realities that they describe. The paper concludes by exploring the implications of this performatibity for the politics of research methods and for the future character of social science research.
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Kumari, B. Vijaya, Hari Haran Balaji J i Job J. "Autonomous Smart Baby Cradle with Raspberry PI and Internet of Things". Journal of Communication Engineering and Its Innovations 6, nr 1 (21.03.2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.46610/jocei.2020.v06i01.001.
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In this society, men and women are work hard to maintain their social status. The caring for their babies is very important. This paper deals with the design and implementation of the smart baby cradle system. The main objective of this paper is to design an IoT based baby cradle in a monitoring system that helps the parents know their babies' status. The guardian has to take care of their child until they were asleep. DHT22 sensor is continuously monitoring the temperature and humidity of a baby and these values will be automatically uploaded on the ThingSpeak cloud. USB camera is used to monitor the position of the baby. While the baby is sleeping on the cradle and if the baby starts crying the sound sensor module detects the baby's crying sound and so that a servo motor turns ON and starts swinging the cradle. In the conventional system, if a baby cries, the guardian of the baby comes and swings the cradle. In this paper, when the sound sensor detects the crying of a baby then the cradle will be automatically swinging. This is implemented by the servo motor operated with a particular angle. Sensor values are uploaded to the cloud using Thingspeaks.
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Glišin, Vanja. "Serbian people under imperial pressure: The position in a geopolitical knot". Napredak 1, nr 2 (2020): 47–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/napredak2002047g.
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In this paper, the author is analyzing the geopolitical position of Serbia and Serbian lands while following the historical course of events that changed the realpolitik state of affairs in this area. In the first part of the paper, the author starts with the analysis of geographical characteristics of Serbian state, political and economic environment of Serbia as semi-periphery in relation to the center, as well as the strategic potentials of the territory, waters and aerial space of this region. Leaning on the analyzed characteristics the work further turns its attention towards the geopolitical standing of Serbia and the Serbian people while being focused on a few geopolitical aspects to disassemble the imperial pressures throughout the centuries of Serbian crucifixion as clear as possible.
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MUELLER, GEORG P. "THE DYNAMICS AND EVOLUTIONARY STABILITY OF CULTURES OF CORRUPTION: THEORETICAL AND EMPIRICAL ANALYSES". Advances in Complex Systems 15, nr 06 (sierpień 2012): 1250082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219525912500828.
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This article analyzes different cultures of corruption with regard to their evolutionary stability, i.e. their ability to annihilate small disturbances in the equilibria between corrupt and noncorrupt agents. The article starts with the development of an evolutionary model of the interactions between corrupt and noncorrupt citizens and functionaries of the state, which is subsequently explored by formal analyses and computer simulation. It turns out that zero-corruption is always evolutionarily stable, whereas pervasive corruption displays only conditional evolutionary stability and thus is empirically rare. Between these two extremes there is organized bureaucratic corruption, which is in most cases quasi-stable with fluctuations around an equilibrium representing the coexistence of corrupt and noncorrupt agents. Empirical analyses of corruption data from 89 countries seem to corroborate these theoretical insights.
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Li, Gen, Ulrike K. Müller, Johan L. van Leeuwen i Hao Liu. "Escape trajectories are deflected when fish larvae intercept their own C-start wake". Journal of The Royal Society Interface 11, nr 101 (6.12.2014): 20140848. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2014.0848.
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Fish larvae may intercept their own wake during sharp turns, which might affect their escape performance. We analysed C-starts of larval zebrafish ( Danio rerio , Hamilton, 1822) using a computational fluid dynamics approach that simulates free swimming (swimming trajectory is determined by fluid forces) by coupling hydrodynamics and body dynamics. The simulations show that fish may intercept their own wake when they turn by 100–180°. During stage 1 of a C-start, the fish generates a strong jet at the tail that is shed into the wake. During stage 2, the fish intercepts this wake. Counterfactual simulations showed that wake interception increased the lateral force on the fish and reduced the fish's turning angle by more than 5°. Wake interception caused no significant acceleration tangential to the trajectory of the fish and did not affect total power output. While experimental and simulation evidence suggests that fish larvae can either undershoot or intercept but not overshoot their wake, our simulations show that larger fish might be able to avoid intercepting their wake by either under- or overshooting. As intercepting its own wake modifies the fish's escape trajectory, fish should account for this effect when planning their escape route.
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Abdussamad, Syahrir. "Rancang Bangun Inverter Mini 1.5 Vdc to 220 Vac Untuk Lampu Darurat". Jurnal Teknik 18, nr 1 (5.06.2020): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.37031/jt.v18i1.65.
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Used cellphone charger components are used as an alternative to create emergency lights which can later be used by the community when the power source from the grid goes out. The purpose of this study is to utilize the components of a used cellphone charger which is the Joule Thief transformer to create 1.5 Vdc to 220V ac mini inverter. The method used in this study is the experimental method, which starts from the selection of tools and materials to measuring the outputs. The results showed that the design of a 1.5 Vdc to 220 Vac mini inverter with Joule Thief can turn on 220 Vac LED lights without drivers. Tests were carried out on 1 watt driverless 220 Vac LED lights. Experiments were carried out to test the dc source durability in the form of 1.5 Vac battery. From testing for LED lights 1, 2 and 3 it turns out that the current and voltage gradually decreased due to the use of LED lights. The resources quickly ran out when the inverter was used for 3 LED lights. The design of tools can be used as an emergency light when the source of electricity from the grid.
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Des Tombe, Louis. "Is Translation Symmetric?" Meta 37, nr 4 (30.09.2002): 791–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/004494ar.
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Abstract General properties of the translation relation are of interest to translators, translatologists and machine translation system designers. As translation is somehow related to the intuitive notion “equivalence”, one wonders whether it has the properties of strict mathematical equivalence. Symmetry is one of these. The paper starts out with some definitions, so that the question can he treated in a meaningful way. The answer turns out to be positive for “perfect” but negative for “imperfect” translation#x2009;; the latter because of a tendency of translators to “weaken” claims made in texts. This asymmetric aspect of imperfect translation is explained by relating it to a “monotonie” view of the organization of discourse. The paper ends with a description of a machine translation system designed to produce perfect translation, and draws conclusions about machine translation design.
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Zimmermann de Meireles Philippi, Ana Paula. "The Import of Southern Criminology". Contemporary Challenges: The Global Crime, Justice and Security Journal 2 (3.10.2021): 37–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2218/ccj.v2.5386.
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Southern Criminology is a post-colonial movement of knowledge production that has political, empirical and theoretical facades. This article argues that the most significant characteristic of Southern Criminology is the highlighting of the everlasting criminogenic effects of colonialism. It challenges the suggestion made by Roger Matthews, in his paper “False starts, wrong turns and dead ends: Reflections of recent developments in Criminology,” that the greatest import of such a movement is the defiance of universalism of the theories of the Global North. It does so by examining the concepts of Southern Criminology, the risks of recognising the defiance of universalism as its main output and the potentialities of recognising its post-colonial characteristics for the advancement of theoretical criminology both in the Global South and the Global North.
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Blomme, Henry. "Les virages transcendantaux dans le parcours de Sein und Zeit". Phänomenologische Forschungen 2005, nr 1 (2005): 137–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.28937/1000107915.
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In Being and Time, Heidegger nowhere treats the phenomenological reduction. In his Groundproblems of Phenomenology though, he designates reduction, construction and destruction as the three groundparts of phenomenological method. The whole of this method has thus to be seen as Heideggers alternative for Husserls reduction. But for a subject to be able to undertake this three-part methodological project, it has first to be converted from Husserlian ego to properly ‚Dasein‘. I show that the analytic of existentials of Being and Time can be seen as containing a rather precise description of the course of this conversion. It starts from originarity to end up with the subjects momentary participation in the project of being. It is structured by three turns that I call transcendental, not only because they are not initiated by the subject itself.
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Berzborn, Richard J., Werner Finke, Joachim Otto i Helmut E. Meyer. "Protein Sequence and Structure of N-terminal Amino Acids of Subunit Delta of Spinach Photosynthetic ATP-Synthase CF1". Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 42, nr 11-12 (1.12.1987): 1231–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1987-11-1215.
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Chloroplast ATP-synthase (CF1) subunit delta (δ) has been isolated from spinach thylakoids in the presence of SDS. By automated Edman degradation and online analysis of PTH derivatives the 35 N-terminal amino acid residues were sequenced. The mature protein starts with: NH2-Val-Asp-Ser-Thr-Ala-Ser-Arg-Tyr-Ala-. This protein sequence allows alignment of spinach δ with the sequences of Z. mays 25 kDa polypeptide, the δ subunit of Rps. blastica, Rsp. rubrum and E. coli F1, and of bovine OSCP, but not with mitochondrial δ. Secondary structure calculations and helical wheel plots reveal a conserved secondary structure. The analyzed N-terminal sequences probably build a short amphipathic alpha helix with two adjacent turns. The such aligned polar residues around Tyr8 of subunit δ are suitable to channel protons.
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Тулякова, Наталья, i Наталья Никитина. "Travelling to the described present: mago-space in the Strugatskys’ Monday starts on Saturday". Studia Rossica Posnaniensia 46, nr 2 (14.10.2021): 93–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/strp.2021.46.2.7.
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Fantasy and science fiction genres extensively use imaginary settings and locations different from realistic ones but striving to look real. Arkady and Boris Strugatsky, pioneers of the science fiction genre in Russia, actively exploited the potential of both genres in their early tale, Monday starts on Saturday (1964), which combines features of the two space types. The present paper analyses the principles of creating ‘mago-space’ in the book. To do so, we look at the spatial organization of the events involved in the plot and the personages’ ideas regarding space. The research will enable us to clarify the role of space in conveying the authors’ message, which in this tale is quite explicit. We argue that the space changes significantly within the book, accompanying genre transformations and the development of the protagonist. Since the tale uses ‘mental sublocations’ as the main units of spatial organization, each part is determined by a certain type of cultural heritage. In the first part, it is the mental space of folklore and classical literature, in the second – that of mythology and science fiction, and in the final – philosophy and science. Mental spaces that coexist and follow various laws form a narrative which turns out to be a journey to the described present in the variety of its forms.
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Manes, Paola. "Legal Challenges in the Realm of InsurTech". European Business Law Review 31, Issue 1 (1.02.2020): 129–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eulr2020006.
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The paper addresses the topic of digital innovation in the insurance field and the challenges it poses for both companies and regulators. The paper starts with showing how data-driven technologies represent a priceless resource for insurers, allowing new and revolutionary methods to classify policyholders in different merit categories according to risk. The paper then turns to the analysis of new tools at the centre of the recent technological development (i.e. Blockchain and smart contracts) and focuses on the role of Big Data in the insurance sector. The paper thus concludes with some considerations on why access to more types of personal data should be allowed to insurers by regulators, presenting potential advantages not only for the companies themselves, but also for customers and the financial system in general. FinTech, InsurTech, Innovation, BigData, Blockchain, Technology, Personal Data, Insurance, Credit Scoring, Risk.
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Rosfort, René. "The Liberating Cacophony of Feelings: Kierkegaard on Emotions". Kierkegaard Studies Yearbook 26, nr 1 (11.08.2021): 241–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kierke-2021-0011.
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Abstract This article argues that Kierkegaard’s account of emotions has something important to contribute to contemporary philosophy of emotions. The argument proceeds in five steps. The first section starts by outlining two influential paradigms in contemporary philosophy of emotions: the feeling theories and the cognitive theories. The second section then turns to a critique of two prominent approaches that read Kierkegaard’s conception of emotions as belonging to the cognitive theories. The third section presents Kierkegaard as a phenomenologist of emotional ambiguity, while the fourth section attempts to outline a taxonomy of Kierkegaard’s phenomenology of emotional experience. The fifth and final section argues that Kierkegaard’s primary contribution to contemporary philosophy of emotions is to be found in his concept of anxiety as the experience of human freedom particularly with respect to the ambiguity of feeling and understanding characteristic of this fundamental affective phenomenon.
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Sørensen, A. Josefine Munch, Michal Fereczkowski i Ewen N. MacDonald. "Effects of Noise and Second Language on Conversational Dynamics in Task Dialogue". Trends in Hearing 25 (styczeń 2021): 233121652110244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23312165211024482.
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This study provides a framework for measuring conversational dynamics between conversational partners (interlocutors). Conversations from 20 pairs of young, normal-hearing, native-Danish talkers were recorded when speaking in both quiet and noise (70 dBA sound pressure level [SPL]) and in Danish and English. Previous studies investigating the intervals from when one talker stops talking to when the next one starts, termed floor-transfer offsets (FTOs), suggest that typical turn-taking requires interlocutors to predict when the current talker will finish their turn. We hypothesized that adding noise and/or speaking in a second language (L2) would increase the communication difficulty and result in longer and more variable FTOs. The median and interquartile range of FTOs increased slightly in noise, and in L2, there was a small increase in interquartile range but a small decrease in the median of FTO durations. It took the participants longer to complete the task in both L2 and noise, indicating increased communication difficulty. The average duration of interpausal units, that is, units of connected speech surrounded by silences of 180 ms or more, increased by 18% in noise and 8% in L2. These findings suggest that talkers held their turn for longer, allowing more time for speech understanding and planning. In L2, participants spoke slower, and in both L2 and noise, they took fewer turns. These changes in behavior may have offset some of the increased difficulty when communicating in noise or L2. We speculate that talkers prioritize the maintenance of turn-taking timing over other speech measures.
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PAUL, H., H. O. NALBACH i D. VARJÚ. "Eye Movements in the Rock Crab Pachygrapsus Marmoratus Walking Along Straight and Curved Paths". Journal of Experimental Biology 154, nr 1 (1.11.1990): 81–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.154.1.81.
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1. Freely walking rock crabs (Pachygrapsus marmoratus Fabricius) were videotaped from above in a quasi-natural environment. The angular position of the long axis of the body and of both eyes in the horizontal plane were studied. 2. Compensatory eye. movements are elicited along both straight and curved paths only during body rotation around the yaw axis. Hence, eye movements reduce the rotational component of the visual image flow during locomotion. 3. Fast saccades, which reset the eyes after a slow compensatory excursion relative to the body, are simultaneously initiated on both sides. They occur either after or before a body turn starts. Therefore, they are partially of central origin. 4. Crabs with one or both eyes blinded are still capable of performing compensatory eye-stalk movements. Thus, nonvisual cues, such as leg proprioceptive afferences or statocyst signals, are also effective in freely walking crabs. However, reducing the number of legs does not substantially impair the movements of the eyes in either seeing or blinded animals. 5. Fixing the seeing eyes to the carapace characteristically alters the pattern of locomotion. Body rotations are jerky in a stationary environment. The tendency to follow a rotating panorama by means of body turns is much higher than in intact animals. Note: To whom reprint requests should be sent.
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Rahman, Mohammad Sadikur. "Dowry, the Oppression of Women and Femicide in Bangladesh". Journal of Comparative Social Work 13, nr 1 (25.07.2018): 103–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/jcsw.v13i1.161.
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The marriage transaction, commonly known as dowry, is a widespread phenomenon in Bangladesh, which has inevitably attracted much attention from social science researchers. This has transformed bride wealth marriages to dowry marriages in Bangladeshi society. A dowry is what the groom’s side demands in cash and kind from the bride’s side to complete the marriage. It is a major cause of women’s oppression, which starts from diversified psychological and physical torture that finally turns into femicide. The main objective of this paper is to analyse women’s oppression because of the dowry practice through marriage as a social problem in Bangladesh. This paper also explains the various dimensions of this problem, its multiple functions in women’s oppression, the nature of oppression in its various stages before femicide and the nature of femicide. The paper draws on secondary data from Bangladesh. It is observed that women in Bangladesh are physically, psychologically and socially oppressed by their husband and his family members in many ways because of the dowry. The nature of oppression is diverse in form, but ultimately these oppressions turn into femicide. The nature of femicide is also diverse, and some fire-related deaths and the suicides of young married women are also believed to be related to dowry.
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Sciazko, M., B. Mertas i L. Stepien. "Kinetic modelling of coking coal fluidity development". Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 142, nr 2 (10.03.2020): 977–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10973-020-09487-0.
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Abstract Coal plasticity is a phenomenon directly affecting the creation of coke structure. It is very much a time- and temperature-dependent transformation of the coal matrix, which allows changing the physical phase from solid to liquid-like and again into solid of different properties. The coking process, particularly in a plasticization temperature range, can be considered as a non-isothermal reaction at a constant heating rate. In this work, a macro-kinetics approach is applied that results in effective kinetic parameters, i.e. pre-exponential factor and activation energy. It is postulated in this work that the original content of metaplast (M0) is a part of volatile matter that melts under the effect of temperature. The coal sample can melt steadily with the temperature increase, achieving the maximum fluidity (Fmax) when the total amount of metaplast available turns into the plastic state. Coal behaviour while it is being heated can be described by two mechanisms. Under first one, the coal turns into plastic phase starting at t1 and ending at tmax, where solidification starts. This can be considered as independent reactions model. In the second model, both plasticization and solidification reactions compete over entire range of phenomena. This can be considered as reactions in the series model. The developed models were validated against experimental data of coal fluidity delivering kinetic parameters.
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Djumayev, Kh K., i K. G. Tkachenko. "Anthecological features of Lonicera japonica Thunb. in the environments of Southern Uzbekistan". Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding 182, nr 3 (9.10.2021): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2021-3-159-166.
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Background. Identification of spectacular ornamental perennial lianas for urban landscaping in southern cities is important for modern urban greening programs. The aim of this work was to study flowering peculiarities of Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica Thunb.).Materials and methods. The target material was honeysuckle plants growing in the environments of Southern Uzbekistan. Observations were conducted in 2019–2020 using conventional approaches.Results and conclusion. The inflorescence of L. japonica is an open dibotryoid, with flowers arranged along the lateral axes of the first order. Flowers are bisexual, zygomorphic. Blossoming of flowers in inflorescences occurs acropetally. The flowering period is almost 150–170 days (starts in April and lasts until the end of August). Dichogamy in the form of proterandry is observed in honeysuckle flowers. The male flowering phase comes the first. It starts 1.5–2.0 hours after the opening of the corolla and ends with the drying of the stamens. The corolla turns yellow 36 hours after the blooming of the flower and the stamens begin to dry out. This is the female phase. Over the next 84 hours, the pistil begins to dry out slowly, but the corolla of the flower lasts up to 96 hours. The duration of the female flowering phase is 60 hours. L. japonica is of considerable interest for vertical landscaping of urban communities. Plants remain ornamental for a long time. Studying this species as an essential oil plant is promising, since it contains a significant amount of germacrene D.
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Lehtonen, Tapani. "Scheduling jobs with exponential processing times on parallel machines". Journal of Applied Probability 25, nr 4 (grudzień 1988): 752–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3214296.
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We consider a system where jobs are processed by parallel machines. The processing times are exponentially distributed. An essential feature is that the assignment of the jobs to the machines is decided before the system starts to work. We consider both the flow time and the makespan. In the case of the flow time we allow both the machines and the jobs to be non-homogeneous. The optimization is by minimizing the flow time in the sense of stochastic order and the optimal assignment is obtained for this case. The case of the makespan is harder. We consider the expected makespan and as a partial solution we prove an optimality result for the case where there are two non-homogeneous machines and the jobs are homogeneous. It turns out that the optimal assignment can be expressed by using a quantile of a binomial distribution.
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DE POURCQ, MAARTEN. "‘The Paideia of the Greeks’: On the Methodology of Roland Barthes's Comment vivre ensemble1.Thanks to Diana Knight, Miriam Leonard, Anneleen Masschelein, Judith Mossman and Luc Van der Stockt for their help and advice during the writing process of this text." Paragraph 31, nr 1 (marzec 2008): 23–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e0264833408000047.
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When Barthes starts to conceptualize his courses at the Collège de France, he envisions a methodology which he actually considers to be an ‘anti-method’, that is to say, an ‘unscientific’ method which goes against the grain of traditional education. He pursues the method of his seminars at the École Pratique des Hautes Etudes, especially the seminar that ended up with the publication of A Lover's Discourse. In the conclusion to the seminar, Barthes turns to Nietzsche to ground this ‘anti-method’ and to substantiate his claim that literature is a vital dimension of his research and teaching. In the introductory session of Comment vivre ensemble, Barthes labels this ‘anti-method’ – once more with the help of Nietzsche – ‘paideia’. This article aims to scrutinize the scope, the potentialities and the risks of this Greek word to Barthes's theory and ideas on life, criticism and literature.
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Nebel, Bernhard, Thomas Bolander, Thorsten Engesser i Robert Mattmüller. "Implicitly Coordinated Multi-Agent Path Finding under Destination Uncertainty: Success Guarantees and Computational Complexity". Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 64 (1.03.2019): 497–527. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.1.11376.
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In multi-agent path finding (MAPF), it is usually assumed that planning is performed centrally and that the destinations of the agents are common knowledge. We will drop both assumptions and analyze under which conditions it can be guaranteed that the agents reach their respective destinations using implicitly coordinated plans without communication. Furthermore, we will analyze what the computational costs associated with such a coordination regime are. As it turns out, guarantees can be given assuming that the agents are of a certain type. However, the implied computational costs are quite severe. In the distributed setting, we either have to solve a sequence of NP-complete problems or have to tolerate exponentially longer executions. In the setting with destination uncertainty, bounded plan existence becomes PSPACE-complete. This clearly demonstrates the value of communicating about plans before execution starts.
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Knight, Ryan A. "REFLECTIONS ON THE STATE IN MODERN MEXICO". Nuestrapraxis revista de investigación interdisciplinaria de la crítica jurídica 5, nr 9 (julio-diciembre 2021) (31.07.2021): 184–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.52729/npricj.v5i9.68.
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This paper takes up a discussion on the state in thecontext of so-called Mexico. It starts by exploring the state’s peculiar existence, both in its constant struggle to unify and define itself as so-mething which truly is, and also in its simultaneous concrete yet abs-tract presence. These two characteristics help us understand the histo-rical development of the state in modern Mexico, and the complexity of pinning down state power. Next, the paper turns to the state’s hostile relationship to self-organization, in order to think of the state as a par-ticular form of social organization grounded in relations of domination, and opposed to the self-organization of the people. Lastly, this paper offers some thoughts on recent developments in Mexico, which show the state’s continuing quest to smash or regulate self-organization into non-existence, and thus (re)produce the state and its power
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Innocenti, Marco. "The Optical House of Tactile: The Bricolage-Like Response to COVID-19". Aisthesis. Pratiche, linguaggi e saperi dell’estetico 14, nr 1 (20.07.2021): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/aisthesis-12104.
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This paper aims to analyse how COVID-19 pandemic is changing our perception of reality. It starts looking at our situation from the point of view of Riegl’s distinction between optical and tactile, and then it compares the nature of the relationship between these two approaches to Lévi-Strauss’s description of bricolage. Our current world-view turns out to be not only an optic one, because the optical approach is just the means by which we can articulate a private and social life messed up by Coronavirus. Thereby, optical takes care of tactile without replacing it, and this article draws parallels between this aspect and language as described by Heidegger. Finally, after having argued the presence of an aura in this “optical house of tactile” in both Walter Benjamin’s and Hito Steyerl’s forms, this article tries to figure out how this perspective could last beyond the end of this emergency.
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SCHEICHER, KLAUS, i JÖRG M. THUSWALDNER. "Canonical number systems, counting automata and fractals". Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 133, nr 1 (lipiec 2002): 163–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305004102005856.
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In this paper we study properties of the fundamental domain [Fscr ]β of number systems, which are defined in rings of integers of number fields. First we construct addition automata for these number systems. Since [Fscr ]β defines a tiling of the n-dimensional vector space, we ask, which tiles of this tiling ‘touch’ [Fscr ]β. It turns out that the set of these tiles can be described with help of an automaton, which can be constructed via an easy algorithm which starts with the above-mentioned addition automaton. The addition automaton is also useful in order to determine the box counting dimension of the boundary of [Fscr ]β. Since this boundary is a so-called graph-directed self-affine set, it is not possible to apply the general theory for the calculation of the box counting dimension of self similar sets. Thus we have to use direct methods.