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Jasińska, Laura, Krzysztof Szostak, Milena Kiliszkiewicz, Piotr Słobodzian i Karol Malecha. "Ink-jet printed ring resonator with integrated Microfluidic components". Circuit World 46, nr 4 (16.03.2020): 301–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cw-11-2019-0176.
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Purpose The main purpose of this study is to test the performance of the ink-jet printed microwave resonant circuits on Low temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC) substrates combined with microfluidic channels for sensor applications. Normally, conductive patterns are deposited on an LTCC substrate by means of the screen-printing technique, but in this paper applicability of ink-jet printing in connection with LTCC materials is demonstrated. Design/methodology/approach A simple microfluidic LTCC sensor based on the microstrip ring resonator was designed. It was assumed the micro-channel, located under the ring, was filled with a mixture of DI water and ethanol, and the operating frequency of the resonator was tuned to 2.4 GHz. The substrate was fabricated by standard LTCC process, and the pattern of the microstrip ring resonator was deposited over the substrate by means of an ink-jet printer. Performance of the sensor was assessed with the use of various volumetric concentrations of DI water and ethanol. Actual changes in concentration were detected by means of microwave measurements. Findings It can be concluded that ink-jet printing is a feasible technique for fast fabrication of micro-strip circuits on LTCC substrates, including microfluidic components. Further research needs to be conducted to improve the reliability, accuracy and performance of this technique. Originality/value The literature shows the use of ink-jet printing for producing various conductive patterns in different applications. However, the idea to replace the screen-printing with the ink-jet printing on LTCC substrates in connection with microwave-microfluidic applications is not widely studied. Some questions concerning accuracy and reliability of this technique are still open.
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Maknakorn, W., P. Jutaporn i W. Khongnakorn. "Coagulation and adsorption as pretreatments of thin-film composite–forward osmosis (TFC-FO) for ink printing wastewater treatment". Water Science and Technology 79, nr 5 (1.03.2019): 877–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2019.100.
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Abstract This study investigated the performance of coagulation with ferric chloride (FeCl3.6H2O) and adsorption with activated carbon used as pretreatments prior to thin-film composite–forward osmosis (TFC-FO) filtration of ink printing wastewater. Wastewater samples were collected from a printing factory located in Chao Phraya river basin where zero liquid-discharge standards are regulated. The FO filtration unit was operated in co-current mode with the cross-flow velocity of 600 mL/min using 2 M NaCl as draw solution. The FO membrane achieved 83.9–91.0% chemical oxygen demand and 91.2–99.9% color rejections. FO filtration of raw wastewater, coagulation-treated wastewater, and coagulation and adsorption-treated wastewater resulted in 56.3%, 49.0% and 46.1% of flux decline in 150 min. Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry results revealed that cake formation caused by colloidal particles and pore blocking from precipitation were the major fouling mechanisms. Cake-enhanced concentration polarization also promoted adsorption of color and pigments at the membrane surface. Both fouling mechanisms were successfully mitigated by adsorption following coagulation pretreatment. Overall, the combined pretreatments and FO have potential for the effective treatment and reuse of ink printing wastewater.
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Leng, Xian, Lu Hai Li, Xu Wei Hu, Hua Fang, Shu Kun Li, Shi Gang Liu i Guang Jie Li. "Study on Dispersion and Performance of Yellow Lake". Advanced Materials Research 233-235 (maj 2011): 1246–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.233-235.1246.
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In order to study the dispersion and performance of tartrazine aluminum lake, 7 kinds of water-based resins are used to form disperse system. These systems are enviroment friendly (low VOC) and use edible yellow lake as colorant. If proper adjustment is added, these disperse systems can be made into ink and paint. The application field should be printing or coating on all the food or drug packages, toys and decorate materials, which will improve social safe level. Colorant, resin, wetting agent, co-solvent, emulsifier, and deionized water are mixed at certain ratio and pre-dispersed for 15min, then dispersed in GJ-2S high speed sanding mill for 3h. Size distribution, PDI, color characteristics (reflectance spectroscopy and color density), glossiness, abrasion performance, and stability are studied. Results demonstrate particle size of disperse system is 338.1~595.3nm (PDI<0.3) and changed to 428.6~551.2nm after 5 days or so. Reflectance spectroscopy is close to PANTONE standard yellow. Glossiness is referred as Gs(60°)≥32°. Viscosity is 0.2~2Pa·S. Relative stable disperse system is prepared.
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Yuan, Xingyu, Wen Li, Bin Yao, Zhao Li, Deling Kong, Sha Huang i Meifeng Zhu. "Tri-Layered Vascular Grafts Guide Vascular Cells’ Native-like Arrangement". Polymers 14, nr 7 (28.03.2022): 1370. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14071370.
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Bionic grafts hold great promise for directing tissue regeneration. In vascular tissue engineering, although a large number of synthetic grafts have been constructed, these substitutes only partially recapitulated the tri-layered structure of native arteries. Synthetic polymers such as poly(l-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) (PLCL) possess good biocompatibility, controllable degradation, remarkable processability, and sufficient mechanical strength. These properties of PLCL show great promise for fabricating synthetic vascular substitutes. Here, tri-layered PLCL vascular grafts (TVGs) composed of a smooth inner layer, circumferentially aligned fibrous middle layer, and randomly distributed fibrous outer layer were prepared by sequentially using ink printing, wet spinning, and electrospinning techniques. TVGs possessed kink resistance and sufficient mechanical properties (tensile strength, elastic modulus, suture retention strength, and burst pressure) equivalent to the gold standard conduits of clinical application, i.e., human saphenous veins and human internal mammary arteries. The stratified structure of TVGs exhibited a visible guiding effect on specific vascular cells including enhancing endothelial cell (EC) monolayer formation, favoring vascular smooth muscle cells’ (VSMCs) arrangement and elongation, and facilitating fibroblasts’ proliferation and junction establishment. Our research provides a new avenue for designing synthetic vascular grafts with polymers.
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Qu, Zhen Cai, Guang Xue Chen, Bao Lin Tang i Shuang Shuang Wen. "Study on Model of Dot Gain in Ink-Jet Printing". Advanced Materials Research 236-238 (maj 2011): 1405–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.236-238.1405.
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Ink-jet printing is a non-contact printing, drops are jetted on the substrates to form images through the nozzles at a certain speed. Dot is the smallest unit in printing; the qualities of printing are seriously affected by dot gain. Ink spreading and penetration are discussed in this paper, influences on dot gain in ink-jet printing are studied, the original Young's equation and Washburn formula are theoretically amended, more scientific and rational models and formulas are obtained in the actual process of ink-jet printing, which offers reference standard and theoretical basis to improve the quality of ink-jet printing.
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Liu, Jiang Hao, Shao Hong Gao, Qiao Liang Li i Tian Tian Mao. "Study on the Detection Methods of Ink Color Standard Based on ISO2846". Applied Mechanics and Materials 731 (styczeń 2015): 535–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.731.535.
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Ink is one of the most important raw materials in printing processes, the quality of printed product uniformity and color reproduction, usually to some extent, depends on ink performance, which needs the authoritative and reliable way to measure ink colors. The paper is to test and verify the ink color measurement methods based on ISO 2846 international standards by the experiments, and the performance indicators of domestic standards substrates are determined through analyzing the characteristics of the domestic printing and ink manufacturing industries, and then the preparation of ink color measurement samples and ink color test conditions are studied.
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Liu, Zhen, Jian Hong i Sheng Hui Li. "Evaluation of Quality for Ink-Jet Printing Based on Capturing Measurement and Control Elements by CCD". Advanced Materials Research 174 (grudzień 2010): 211–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.174.211.
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with the rapid development of digital printing, the method and standard of quality detection for digital printing become focus of research. The main work and innovations in this paper include: ①Computer image analysis method was applied to ink-jet printing quality detection for the first time; ②Compared with traditional printing quality test, ink dot, line, color patch and MTF (Modulation Transfer Function) were selected as measurement and control elements. And the test proofs for detecting printing quality were designed; ③The detection algorithm and the overall detection process were put forward in this paper. The result of the experiment demonstrates: the detection method based on capturing measurement and control elements by CCD can accurately accomplish the objective quality evaluation for ink-jet printing. Detection method of print was improved to extend the scope of detection by this research, which could be generalized as a standard method for the detection of ink-jet printing quality.
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Yang, Yong Gang, i Fu Ping Liu. "Preliminary Study on the Print-through Standard of Offset Printing". Advanced Materials Research 332-334 (wrzesień 2011): 1812–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.332-334.1812.
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In order to control digitally the print-through, the print-through standard of offset printing was studied in this article. For 4 given paper samples, the paper properties including paper opacity and K&N ink absorbency were tested, and then print-through value expressed with ΔD and ΔEab* was measured under 9 sets of printing condition. The results showed that lower printing press and higher printing speed were helpful to reduce the print-through. And under the same printing conditions, the print-through value of cyan ink print was slightly larger than that of magenta ink print. In addition, the print-through values of offset paper samples were a bit larger than that of newsprint samples. In particular, no matter what kind of conditions were, the print-through value expressed with ΔD and ΔEab* were lower than 0.04 and 4NBS when the PTR value was larger than 72%. The standard of print-through was firstly given, which was very helpful to choose paper during the offset printing.
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Meijer, Rob, Peter Thomson i Lysbeth Croiset van Uchelen-Brouwer. "The History of the Lithographie Royale, 1818-25". Quaerendo 31, nr 4 (2001): 281–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006901x00173.
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AbstractFrom 1816 lithographic businesses began to develop in Western Europe. Use was made of a printing technique, lithography - based on the repellent working of water and fat - which was catching on especially in Germany and France. The Low Countries remained behind: early in 1818 only small lithographic printing offices were to be found in Brussels, Amsterdam and Rotterdam. At about that time the Frenchman MJ.V. Duval de Mercourt, calling himself an architect, presented himself in the Netherlands. Stimulated by the Dutch envoy at the court of Paris, Baron Fagel, he requested King William I to be permitted to found lithographical offices in The Hague and Brussels and to call himself Royal Lithographer. This was permitted by Royal Decree of 16 July 1818. Added to it was, highly unusually, that the establishment of Duval was greeted with approval, and that the hope was expressed that he might succeed in his attempts. The background of all this was the industrialisation policy that was pursued more in particular by the king himself. Indeed, Duval set about his business with great expectations and fervour. Probably he officially opened a - for Dutch standards - large lithographic printing office which consisted of at least two presses, which he called the Lithographie Royale'. He focused in particular on government commissions and especially on making autographs of written documents which up to that time had to be copied by hand. This technique, where writing was done with fat ink on prepared paper, after which the text was transferred to the stone and printed, seemed a godsend indeed. This autographic technique also had the king's interest: for, would it not be possible to introduce it and subsequently discharge clerks at the ministries? The future seemed to favour Duval, but alas, reality was different. It appeared that government as well as private institutions would provide him with hardly any work, possibly because of his high prices. It is also remarkable that some ministries did not want to have anything to do with this new printing method. After half a year he was already threatened with financial downfall, also through a loss he had personally suffered and the downward turn of the Dutch economy. The king then intervened with a number of measures in favour of Duval, of which the most important was that he was allowed to work for the Ministry of Water Management. An attempt was also made to accommodate him at the Algemeene Landsdrukkerij in The Hague, a government printing office with a monopoly on all government printed matter. The directors, however, confirmed letterpress printers, did not believe in this new printing technique which, according to them, could have no future because it would always be more expensive than their own beautiful printing. Because the locations of the ministries were changing between The Hague and Brussels about every half year, Duval was forced to follow the Ministry of Water Management to Brussels and to found a lithographic printing office there as well. Although he was supplied with more work there, he appeared to be at the end of his tether half way through 1819 due to a lack of financial resources. His financial situation was such that he was even refused a government advance because it was feared that he would not be able to reimburse it. Thereafter he was forced to make a disadvantageous contract with a private person, after which he left for The Hague, a destitute man. Although work from the Ministry of Water Management was also given to him there, things continued to go downhill for him. He now also lost his premises in The Hague so that he could no longer accept commissions. True, some time later a new place was found, but he had to agree that his co-worker, D. Abrahams, was to be appointed as his partner. Halfway through 1820 there arrived at last a reply to the many petitons and pleas he had sent to the king. This was, however, negative, because it was feared that a financial contribution from the government might slow down the downfall of his enterprise, but would not prevent it. Even damages were not granted because he was supposed to have given a false impression of things. He then left first to go to Brussels and later on to France, leaving his lithographic printing office in The Hague to Abrahams. The latter succeeded in getting the enterprise off to a good start within a few years, notably by making lithographs and trading in lithographs and sheet music, the main aim of the business. From about 1823 the number of commissions for lithographs increased, with a marked improvement in the quality of his work. This resulted in an honourable mention in the second industry exhibition held in the Netherlands in the summer of 1825. During this exhibition he was appointed first lithographer at the Algemeene Landsdrukkerij! This was because the king had intervened anew in the field of lithography and persevered against the advice of his minister in having an autographic printing office there, an office that was to be closed in 1832 due to lack of work and with great losses. The Lithographic Royale subsequently stopped its activities after Abrahams had received a compensation in his salary for it. Finally, the lithographic activities in The Hague were continued by his brother, A.M. Abrahams, on a modest scale.
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Memon, Hafeezullah, Nazakat Ali Khoso, Samiullah Memon, Ning Ning Wang i Cheng Yan Zhu. "Formulation of Eco-Friendly Inks for Ink-Jet Printing of Polyester and Cotton Blended Fabric". Key Engineering Materials 671 (listopad 2015): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.671.109.
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The aim of this research is to discover such a strategy so that Ink-jet Printing of polyester and cotton blended fabric. This research focuses to develop inks by the combination of Reactive and disperse dyes and by using eco-friendly co-solvents. This paper covers a brief introduction of Ink jet printing technologies and types of inks. A summarized study of the evaluation amid ink jet printing as well as rotary screen printing is also given. In addition to, requirements and composition of water-based ink-jet inks focusing on methodology is given. Furthermore, shelf lives of inks, image sharpness, surface tension, color fastness to rubbing, analysis of head with some personal experiences are also discussed.
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Deng, Pu Jun, Gai Mei Zhang, Yu Wang i Wei Fang. "Influence of Screen Ruling and Engraving Needle Tip Angle on Ink Transfer for Gravure". Advanced Materials Research 174 (grudzień 2010): 215–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.174.215.
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Gravure printing is widely applied in packaging printing and the ink transfer is very important for printing quality. Ink transfer affects the ink uniform, thickness and dot gain, so it is necessary to optimize the parameter of the gravure plate making. At present, some investigations are developed for the ink transfer only qualitatively. In this paper, the influence of screen ruling and engraving needle tip angle on ink transfer is researched experimentally. Firstly, the standard test gravure plate was prepared, and then the gravure plates are engraved at different parameter combining the screen ruling and engraving needle tip angle. Finally, the printing samples are obtained, from which the transfer amount and the density are measured. This paper, the amount of ink transfer and the density are investigated, and the results show that screen ruling and engraving needle tip angle affect the ink transfer amount.
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Zhu, Yong Shuang, Li Jie Wang i Tian Chen. "Testing and Data Analysis of Heat-Set Web Offset Materials Based on the ISO Standard". Advanced Materials Research 718-720 (lipiec 2013): 928–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.718-720.928.
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In this paper, common heat-set web offset printing materials, paper and ink were tested based on ISO standards. We analyzed the datum of paper and ink to see the degree of compliance with the ISO standards,thus obtained the characteristics of the commonly used paper and ink in China in terms of their response to the color.The purpose of the analysis is to provide a reference for the implementation and controlling of enterprise printing standardization process.
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Wang, Zhen Rong, i Wan You Tang. "Research on the Gray Balance of Ink-Jet Printing Based on G7". Applied Mechanics and Materials 329 (czerwiec 2013): 429–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.329.429.
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To confirm that parameters to control gray balance in G7 are whether apply to ink-jet printing. On the theoretical basis of ink-jet printing principle, gray balance control method and the G7 specification, through designs the test sheet and prints it with digital ink-jet printer, then, measures the parameters in G7 which influence the gray balance effects. The experimental results show that the data come from the test sheet is basically consistent with G7 standard data in neutral grey density of HR, HC, SC. Moreover, the neutral grey in CMY overprint and monochromatic K can be well matched. All above results indicated that G7 can effectively monitor the gray balance of digital ink-jet printing.
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Ding, Ying Kun, Yan Fang Xu, Lu Hai Li i Wen Bo Li. "Study on the Applied Performance of Color Inks". Applied Mechanics and Materials 262 (grudzień 2012): 100–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.262.100.
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In order that a better analysis and evaluation of the color performance of developed color inks according to the printing requirements could be obtained, every ink will get abundant levels of ink supply amount made by double-channel control method. The max density obtained by the above method represents the color strength of inks. Then Color Management System is applied to building color gamut of matching process inks, and the color gamut represents the replicable color scope in practice. First, color strength of inks was identified by the following methods. Every ink was put respectively in two ink channels of the color printer and the total values of these two channels were applied to controlling the output, obtaining the wedge diagram of the multilevel output of ink supply amount. In the diagram, the max ink supply amount was large enough and the max density could represent the color strength. Because every ink needs a suitable range of the max density and needs to match the others well in practice. Referring to the standard of offset printing, a suitable density value for a certain ink was chose as its max ink supply amount. Second, within the range of the max ink supply amount, the data set of color patch in the characterization software of Color Management System was used to control ink supply amounts. The color patch was overprinted in the color sequences of Y, M, C and K, and ICC Profile was made according to the making process of standard Profile. Color gamut of the inks could be obtained from the Profile by using self-developed computing equipment and be compared with standard printing process. The result shows that the method used in the experiments is feasible and effective. In addition, the inks in the experiments have a large enough color strength and a color gamut satisfying the practical requirements of the color performance of inks in the printing industry.
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Chen, S. H., S. T. Pua, Z. W. Zhong i X. C. Shan. "Investigation of Roll-to-Roll Gravure Printing for Printed Electronics with Fine Features". Journal of Materials and Applications 9, nr 2 (15.11.2020): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.32732/jma.2020.9.2.79.
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Gravure printing is known to be cost competitive in manufacturing of printed electronic devices due to its capability to mass produce at lower costs. Current standard of gravure printed feature sizes is in a range of around 50 μm down to sub-10 μm, predominantly through small scale setups and specialized engraving. However, reliance on gravure cell design limits the scalability of printing over a large area due to the setup cost. In this study, ink viscoelastic behavior was modified to improve replication of gravure printed features over a large printing area of 300 mm web-width without a reduction in gravure cell dimension. Fine lines were printed using a high viscosity ink with a good replication of the nominal line width. Control over the printed features was performed through the variation of printing speed and the alteration of ink viscosity. The effects of ink viscosity and printing speed on the printed ink particle distribution and size were also examined. New methodologies of characterizing ink transfer were also developed to help understand the ink transfer processes: mass transfer and particle transfer. A deeper understanding of the thixotropic effect and shear recovery behavior of inks was achieved through simulations of shearing conditions.
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Vandana i Ambrish Pandey. "Comparative analysis of print contrast of hybrid modulated digitally modulated screening on different grades of paper". Scientific Temper 14, nr 03 (30.09.2023): 771–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.58414/scientifictemper.2023.14.3.31.
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Information technology and Innovation has transformed our life; the same is true for printing. Screening technology has developed and become highly advanced during past few decades. The aim of this research is to identify the significant difference in print contrast between hybrid modulated (XM) digitally modulated (DM) screening on different grades of paper printed by sheet-fed offset printing process. Samples sheets are printed with same solid ink density to make valid comparison. Around 150 sheets are printed to achieve target solid ink density value (+ 0.05) during printing. After the density values are attained in accordance with standard SID values, next 50 sample sheets are printed, measured and evaluated.Information Technology and Innovation has transformed our life and same is true for printing also. Screening Technology has developed and become highly advanced during past few decades. The aim of this research is to identify the significant difference in print contrast between Hybrid Modulated (XM) & Digitally Modulated (DM) Screening on different grades of paper printed by sheet-fed offset printing process. Samples sheets are printed with same solid ink density to make valid comparison. During printing, around 150 sheets are printed to achieve target Solid Ink Density value (+ 0.05). After the density values are attained in accordance with standard SID values, next 50 sample sheets are printed, measured and evaluated.
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Jiang, Wen Yan, i Zhi Hong Wang. "Research on the Method of Determining the Optimum Parameters for Offset Ink". Advanced Materials Research 174 (grudzień 2010): 255–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.174.255.
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By experimental method, the optimum parameters for offset ink were investigated under standard printing conditions. Firstly, the relationship between solid ink density and print contrast was established, and the optimum values of solid ink densities and print contrasts were calculated. Then, perfect tone reproduction was achieved by dot gain compensation, in which the calibration curves were obtained by the target curves and the initial tone value increase(TVI) curves based on optimum SIDs. The results showed that this method of determining the optimum parameters for offset inks were practicable and reliable, it can be used to research the printability of inks and papers, optimize printing process, improve printing quality, and provide method of standardization of process control for printing institutions.
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Ma, Xiao Lin, i Yu Run Fan. "Aging and Shear Rejuvenation Behavior of Printing Ink". Advanced Materials Research 641-642 (styczeń 2013): 132–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.641-642.132.
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The aging and shear rejuvenation behavior of a commercial printing ink have been studied experimentally using creep and oscillation modes. We observed that the printing ink has typical rheological characteristics: time-dependent, reversible and shear-thinning viscosity. Meanwhile, these properties are very strongly influenced by shear history, thus employing pre-shearing to obtain a standard test state is of vital importance. After pre-shearing, the quiescent ink undergoes structural evolution, i.e., aging, including a sol-gel (liquid-solid) transition on the early stage at room temperatures, the higher the temperature, the earlier the sol-gel transition occurs. The degree of aging and shear rejuvenation can be characterized by the waiting time after pre-shearing and the stress dependence of the power-law index. Finally, we use a time-stress superposition to obtain a universal master curve which is able to describe the aging behaviors of the printing ink. This study shows that the aging processes of printing ink for different waiting times are self similar, variation of waiting time just change the time scale and elastic modulus.
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Chen, Li Qiang. "Research of Sheet-Fed Offset Damping System Green Printing Technology". Advanced Materials Research 380 (listopad 2011): 306–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.380.306.
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Lithographic printing press must maintain a stable standard printing environment; we need to maintain the ink-water balance for achieve stability print quality. Not only stable for ink supply, but also stable supply of dampening solution from dampening circulation system. The study tries to conduct less proportion of alcohol to reduce emissions of volatile IPA, using green printing technology in the standard production. This study analyzed a variety of automatic sheet-fed offset press dampening system to study how to control the tank fluid additives, and reduce alcohol consumption. Design standard operation of "automatic green formula system“, the system should contain four main functions: purity water systems, precise formulation systems, circulated filtration system and computer numerical control system. Its purpose: to make the operation under the automated water quality standards, make stable print quality and increase printing capacity, increase product yield, reduce pollution. The water dampening system makes the quality and stability while reducing pollution emissions.
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Shahrim, Nur'Aishah Ahmad, Nur Nadia Mohd Hafiz, Zuraida Ahmad, Yose Fachmi Buys i Norshahida Sarifuddin. "Ink based on poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene), poly(sulfonostyrene) and silver nanoparticles (PEDOT/PSS/SNP) blends for fabrics printing". Polimery 67, nr 6 (5.07.2022): 249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.14314/polimery.2022.6.2.
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The influence of co-solvents such as: dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), isopropyl alcohol (IPA), ethylene glycol (EG), ethanol (EtOH) and deionized water (DI) on the properties of ink based on poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene), poly(sulfonostyrene) and silver nanoparticles (PEDOT/PSS/SNP) blends was investigated. The ink was obtained by the ultrasonic dispersion method by mixing PEDOT, PSS and SNP and then adding co-solvents. The ink was applied to the cotton fabric by printing method. The structure, electrical and functional properties of fabrics were investigated. The increase in electrical conductivity was found as a result of the phase separation between PEDOT and PSS due to the use of co-solvents. SEM micrographs showed good adhesion of the ink to the cotton fiber, which was confirmed by the FTIR method. The developed ink has great application potential, especially in electronic devices for biomedical purposes.
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Jiang, Lei, Shi Sheng Zhou i Ying Cui. "Model of Ink Quantity Control Based on Colorimetry System". Applied Mechanics and Materials 262 (grudzień 2012): 258–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.262.258.
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Abstract. In the offset printing process，the ink quantity control in the ink zone, color and ink quantity transformation algorithm and the establishment of database，are all based on principle of density measurement. With the establishment and wide spread use of the standard ISO12647-2 for offset, colorimetric measurement is becoming a tendency. By experimental research，this article analyses the relationship between ink thickness and colorimetric value(L*a*b*) by regression method, determines the best ink quantity parameter, establishes the model of ink quantity controlling based on colorimetry system.
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Du, Peng, Lu Hai Li, Bing Ding, Xiao Jun Tang, Zhi Qing Xin, Wen Zhao i Ping Xiu Ni. "A Study of Yellow Solvent Dyes in Coated Paper Ink-Jet Ink System and Printing Test". Materials Science Forum 675-677 (luty 2011): 1267–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.675-677.1267.
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Because of clear image, bright color, high saturation of the color printing on coated paper, the ink-jet printing on coated paper catches more and more people’s eyes. In order to solve the problem of the ink-jet ink (cyan, magenta, yellow and black) on coated paper already developed out, whose yellow ink slants red and gloomy, different dyes are used to produce ink-jet ink. The inks were printed on the R-230 ink-jet printer on matt coated paper. The chromatic aberration is obtained on the basis of the colorimetric values in the ISO 12647-2:1996 eqv GB/T 17934.2-1999. It is found that the aberration of the Y79 is lower and its saturation is higher. The ink is filtered with 0.20 μm filter membrane and it can be used on ink-jet printing. The ink was used to print on the coated paper together with the previous cyan, magenta and black ink already developed out. The colorimetric values were measured and chromatic aberration and saturation is computed. The Color gamut graph of original inks and improved inks combination are made and compared to the standard of the ISO 12647-2:1996. It is found that the problems of hue unjust and gloomy color are improved compared to the previous four colors together. The cyan and magenta still stay away from perfect and it should be improved in future.
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Biswas, Mahuya, Abhijit Pal, Munmun Dey, Ayan Dey i Abhijit Bandyopadhyay. "Influence of a Biobased Reagent on Properties of Industrial Resin for Printing Ink Application vis-à-vis Comparison with Standard Commercial Resin". Polymers from Renewable Resources 9, nr 2 (maj 2018): 59–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/204124791800900202.
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In our present work, we have attempted to develop a low volatile organic containing, ecofriendly resin from a natural resource maintaining the quality and desired properties for printing ink applications. Guar Gum, a natural polysaccharide was used in place of pentaerythritol in the recipe. It was used during trans-esterification reaction to synthesize rosin modified phenolic resin for printing ink. A conventional rosin modified phenolic resin, using pentaerytritol, was also synthesized for comparison. Guar Gum having multiple hydroxyl groups was able to produce resin with higher molecular weight and high solvent tolerance value which makes the ecofriendly resin as potential binder for printing ink application with excellent print quality. The modified resin was characterized using various analytical techniques to find the influence of the polysaccharide on the final properties. A detailed kinetic study was also carried out in order to justify the reaction mechanism.
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Yan, Fang, Guang Xue Chen, Ke Yong Zhu i Rui Ling Yao. "Research on Recycling and Utilization of Waste Ink". Advanced Materials Research 800 (wrzesień 2013): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.800.67.
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With the development of printing industry, more and more waste ink appears. Currently, most wastes were dealt with by incineration or landfill, which brought great pollutions to the environment. Based upon co-boiling distillation, grinding, and toning, a method can convert waste ink into black for reuse, which reduces environmental pollutions from wastes.
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Wang, Yicai, Yuan Li, Xiaoling Yu, Qizhi Long i Tian Zhang. "Synthesis of a photocurable acrylated poly(ethylene glycol)-co-poly(xylitol sebacate) copolymers hydrogel 3D printing ink for tissue engineering". RSC Advances 9, nr 32 (2019): 18394–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra03637g.
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Kiaee, Mohammad Madhi, Thomas Maeder i Juergen Brugger. "Inkjet-Printing Polymer Nanocomposite for Detecting VOCs". Proceedings 2, nr 13 (21.12.2018): 882. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130882.
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Polymer nanocomposite (PNC) inks containing polyvinylpyrrolidone with a molecular weight of 40 kDa (PVP40) and a high structure carbon black (CB) were formulated for gas sensing applications. The formulation was optimized for inkjet printing by using a co-solvent system and tuning the ink’s viscosity. The Ink loaded with 10 wt.% PVP40, dissolved in a solvent mixture containing 70 wt.% deionized water and 30 wt.% gamma-butyrolactone showed an excellent printability. Adding up to 13 wt.% CB particles to the ink, with respect to polymer content, did not affect its printability. Printing PNC onto the sensor platform and measuring its response towards ethanol, acetone and humidity showed the higher affinity of the PNC to humidity and ethanol.
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Wassmer, Marcel, Waldemar Diel i Klaus Krueger. "Inkjet Printing of Thick-Film Resistors". International Symposium on Microelectronics 2010, nr 1 (1.01.2010): 000771–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2010-wp6-posters-mwassmer.
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The integration of passive components directly into circuit board is an efficient alternative to surface mounted devices. Inkjet printing is the emerging technology for the deposition of a variety of particles and therefore for digital fabrication of microelectronic circuits. Resistors are one of the most frequently required passive components in electronic circuits. In LTCC-technology the integration and additionally the embedding of resistors promises new applications. Integrated resistors are usually screen printed. Inkjet printing has several advantages to compete seriously with screen printing as production method. This study investigates the possibilities and reliability of inkjet printing of thick-film resistors. In a first step, different resistive compositions are characterised towards compatibility with a commercial inkjet print head. The reliability and long term stability in drop formation are fundamental for production process. Further on, the interaction between ink and substrate has to be taken into account to reach the desired morphology. In a second step, the advantages of using inkjet for printing resistors are shown. A measure of ink amount is introduced for exact dosing of the ink. Afterwards, compositions with a wide resistivity range are printed with different print heads. The printed resistors are further passed alternatively through a post-fire or through a co-fire process. The effect of variations in particle composition and ink amount are characterized towards the change in electrical behaviour. Further, the influences of printing conditions on morphology and resistivity are discussed.
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Han, Jonghyeuk, Wonwoo Jeong, Min-Kyeong Kim, Sang-Hyeon Nam, Eui-Kyun Park i Hyun-Wook Kang. "Demineralized Dentin Matrix Particle-Based Bio-Ink for Patient-Specific Shaped 3D Dental Tissue Regeneration". Polymers 13, nr 8 (15.04.2021): 1294. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13081294.
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Demineralized dentin matrix (DDM)-based materials have been actively developed and are well-known for their excellent performance in dental tissue regeneration. However, DDM-based bio-ink suitable for fabrication of engineered dental tissues that are patient-specific in terms of shape and size, has not yet been developed. In this study, we developed a DDM particle-based bio-ink (DDMp bio-ink) with enhanced three-dimensional (3D) printability. The bio-ink was prepared by mixing DDM particles and a fibrinogen–gelatin mixture homogeneously. The effects of DDMp concentration on the 3D printability of the bio-ink and dental cell compatibility were investigated. As the DDMp concentration increased, the viscosity and shear thinning behavior of the bio-ink improved gradually, which led to the improvement of the ink’s 3D printability. The higher the DDMp content, the better were the printing resolution and stacking ability of the 3D printing. The printable minimum line width of 10% w/v DDMp bio-ink was approximately 252 μm, whereas the fibrinogen–gelatin mixture was approximately 363 μm. The ink’s cytocompatibility test with dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) exhibited greater than 95% cell viability. In addition, as the DDMp concentration increased, odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs was significantly enhanced. Finally, we demonstrated that cellular constructs with 3D patient-specific shapes and clinically relevant sizes could be fabricated through co-printing of polycaprolactone and DPSC-laden DDMp bio-ink.
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Tang, Hong Jun, i Xiao Jie Xiu. "A Multi-Ink Color-Separation Algorithm Improving Printing Quality". Applied Mechanics and Materials 263-266 (grudzień 2012): 2195–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.263-266.2195.
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Conventional color-printing systems often use three or more inks, such as CMY, CMYK or CMYKLcLm. When the inks hues exceeds three, such as CMYKRGB, CMYKOrG and so on, there is the usual color-management one-to-many mapping problem. An algorithm was developed for multi-inks printing in which the one-to-many mapping problem was overcome by dividing the standard color space into several sub-spaces, founding the relationships between the sub-spaces and the printing color-separations and building the lookup table. The algorithm was tested using a digital inkjet printer-Mutoh8000 of CMYKOrGB. Mutoh8000 prints separated color blocks using this algorithm were compared with a generic ICC profile for CMYKLcLm prints. The CMYK inks were common to both prints. The algorithm has been proved effective and improved color printing quality significantly.
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Ma, Li Yi, i Tsung Yu Hao. "A Print Performance Study of the Environmental Friendly Wide Gamut Process Inks". Applied Mechanics and Materials 262 (grudzień 2012): 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.262.119.
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To expend the printed color gamut is the most important area for today’s print quality. Conventional wide gamut printing technologies utilize six or seven colors. However, these processes increase the complexity and the cost. Therefore, the four-color wide gamut inks are becoming the major development in Taiwan’s printing industry. This study is focused on the print performance study of the four-color wide gamut inks in the domestic market that are complied with the RoHS regulations. In this study Tung-Ming and K+E wide gamut process inks were tested for their print performance. The press control was to comply ISO12647-2 specifications. The test forms were printed on both type 1 and type 2 papers that specified in ISO12647-2. The normal process ink set was also printed to compare with those wide-gamut color ink sets. The result shows that the both wide-gamut ink sets have reached color gamut larger than the ISO12647-2. In this study shows that the domestic normal process ink set can comply the international standard, and the developing wide gamut ink also reach the standard. However, the color characteristics and printability have to test before using these wide gamut color ink sets. With the optimized process control and color management system, the four-color wide gamut inks can produce the best color result on paper.
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Lin, Ching Hui, i Chin Mei Lin. "The Study in the Application of Nanotechnology Digital Printing in Clothing Pattern Design". Key Engineering Materials 562-565 (lipiec 2013): 674–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.562-565.674.
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Nanotechnology, in the 21st century, is the biggest driving force in the development of technology and industry, which has its wide range of applications. In traditional industries, nanotechnology can be applied to the development of digital printing ink. Digital printing appears as a new printing technology in the 1990s, the 20th century. And in recent years, along with the trends of a global energy saving and carbon reduction, the concept of producing green products with low-carbon, water saving, energy abating, pollution decreasing attributes has arisen. The introduction of digital printing to textiles brings the speed, flexibility, wide areas of color selection, environmental protection and the potential of cost saving etc; the technology becomes a major breakthrough in the textile printing industry. The industry is committed to the technology of environmental friendly digital printing and goes toward to a new pattern of bright future in fashion design. While the globe puts effort to develop digital printing, the core technology should not only focuses on how to come up with high-speed, large amount, low-cost machines, but also the R & D to the making and applications of digital printing, which has a great impact on digital printing quality. At the present, the digital printing ink of the reactive ink / acidic ink is applied to cotton fabrics and the fabrics containing hemp content. The printing process is from the fabric pretreatment → inkjet printing →solid color processing → washing → drying. Moreover, sublimation transfer ink is applied to fabrics containing polyester fiber content; but it cannot be fully colored the fabrics of general 100% cotton and silk, which is the biggest drawback of this sublimation transfer ink. Therefore, this study, primarily through the Nanotechnology with green environmental protection and reduction of carbon from Mimaki Engineering Co., Ltd., captures the moral of the cultural patterns of the local characteristics by the techniques of changing, modeling, designing, and arranging on the patterns of dress design. And it uses computer graphics software, Adobe Photoshop & Illustrator, to draw and trim the separate pattern and the foursquare consecutive pattern for the completion of fashion pattern designs. And it applies the features of the nano pigment ink on the fabrics of cotton, hemp, silk, and polyester fiber to interpret the artistic style of the local through digitized programming language. The importing of nanotechnology refills new sources of industrial competition. This study expects to explore the nanotechnology digital printing and combine with the design of the clothing pattern transforming on the designs, grinding pigment molecules to nano ultra-fine level with reduced light scattering phenomena and good light purity. Fully demonstrating the features of natural bright color, the endurance of pigment water and the light fastness will be able to create a lager space of application and market in the digital printing industry.
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Yang, Kun, Rui Zhi Shi, Ming Xiao Wang i Xiao Zhou. "The Application of Environmental Protection Long-Lag Material in Printing Ink of Fluorescent Map". Advanced Materials Research 380 (listopad 2011): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.380.89.
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With the development of fluorescent technology, the application area of fluorescent material is expanding, which includes the fields of traffic, national defence, architecture, detection, decoration etc. In the field of printing, whether in the value of utility or view and admire, fluorescent adds tremendous energies. However, a majority of fluorescent materials used nowadays contain radioelement, which will do harm to human health. This paper considers the needs of fluorescent map printing, according to the defects of traditional fluorescent material such as low brightness, short duration time, strong radioactivity, limitation to spot color printing etc. It improves the capability of long fluorescent lag material and makes red, blue, green and yellow long fluorescent lag materials. Meanwhile, it tests the influence of ink thickness, illumination time and granule size etc. on irradiance capability. The thicker the ink is, the longer of the lag time will be. The bigger the granule size is, the lag time will be. It also tests its radioactivity extent, which is in the safety range and reaches the standard of environmental protection. According to the special requirement of map printing, this paper brings forward the technique scheme of the application of long fluorescent lag ink in map printing,which realizes the color fluorescent map printing.
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Comroe, Marisa L., Kurt W. Kolasinski i Dipendu Saha. "Direct Ink 3D Printing of Porous Carbon Monoliths for Gas Separations". Molecules 27, nr 17 (2.09.2022): 5653. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27175653.
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Additive manufacturing or 3D printing is the advanced method of manufacturing monolithic adsorbent materials. Unlike beads or pellets, 3D monolithic adsorbents possess the advantages of widespread structural varieties, low heat and mass transfer resistance, and low channeling of fluids. Despite a large volume of research on 3D printing of adsorbents having been reported, such studies on porous carbons are highly limited. In this work, we have reported direct ink 3D printing of porous carbon; the ink consisted of commercial activated carbon, a gel of poly(4-vinylphenol) and Pluronic F127 as plasticizer, and bentonite as the binder. The 3D printing was performed in a commercial 3D printer that has been extensively modified in the lab. Upon 3D printing and carbonization, the resultant 3D printed porous carbon demonstrated a stable structure with a BET area of 400 m2/g and a total pore volume of 0.27 cm3/g. The isotherms of six pure-component gases, CO2, CH4, C2H6, N2, CO, and H2, were measured on this carbon monolith at 298 K and pressure up to 1 bar. The selectivity of four gas pairs, C2H6/CH4, CH4/N2, CO/H2, and CO2/N2, was calculated by Ideally Adsorbed Solution Theory (IAST) and reported. Ten continuous cycles of adsorption and desorption of CO2 on this carbon confirmed no loss of working capacity of the adsorbent.
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Wang, Ming, Lisa Parrillo-Chapman, Lori Rothenberg, Yixin Liu i Jiajun Liu. "Digital Textile Ink-Jet Printing Innovation: Development and Evaluation of Digital Denim Technology". Journal of Imaging Science and Technology 65, nr 4 (1.07.2021): 40407–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/j.imagingsci.technol.2021.65.4.040407.
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Abstract This research explored the potential for ink-jet printing to replicate the coloration and finishing techniques of traditional denim fabric and standardized the reproduction and evaluation procedure. Although denim fabric is widely consumed and very popular, one drawback to denim is that the finishing and manufacturing processes are energy and water intensive and can cause environmental hazards as well as generation of pollution through water waste, particularly at the finishing stage. Textile ink-jet printing has the potential to replicate some of the coloration and finishing techniques of traditional denim fabric without negative environmental impacts. A two-phase research project was conducted. In Phase I (P1), an optimal standard production workflow for digital denim reproduction (including color and finishing effects) was established, and six different denim samples were reproduced based on the workflow. In Phase II, an expert visual assessment protocol was developed to evaluate the acceptance of the replicated digital denim. Twelve ink-jet printing, color science, and denim industry experts finished the assessment.
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Cigula, Tomislav, Tamara Tomašegović i Tomislav Hudika. "Effect of the paper surface properties on the ink transfer parameters in offset printing". Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal 34, nr 4 (18.11.2019): 540–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2019-0018.
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Abstract Paper has a crucial impact on the qualitative properties of printed product as properties of the paper’s surface directly impact the ink transfer, consequently, basic optical properties of the print. Although same ISO paper type, papers possess variable surface properties leading to different influence on the ink transfer. The aim of this research was to analyse influence of the surface properties of the paper, including surface free energy, smoothness and gloss of some standard papers used in lithography on the ink transfer while matching the colorimetric values defined by ISO 12647-2:2013. Determination of amount of the ink transfer, optical density, mottling and colour difference of prints were performed to evaluate paper-ink interactions. Results have shown that produced prints differ in the investigated properties. Furthermore, there are significant correlations between the surface free energy of the paper and paper smoothness and the ink transfer. In addition, amount of ink used to produce a standardized print varies for different paper types (even in the same ISO paper classification), meaning difference in ink costs. This research proved the high influence of paper’s certain parameters on the ink transfer by strong correlation coefficients. This enables better process control and optimization of the printing.
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Buanz, Asma B. M., Richard Telford, Ian J. Scowen i Simon Gaisford. "Rapid preparation of pharmaceutical co-crystals with thermal ink-jet printing". CrystEngComm 15, nr 6 (2013): 1031–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2ce26519b.
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Yi, Qing, Xian Fu Wei, Bei Qing Huang i Qi Wang. "Effect of Monomer on Performance of UV-LED Inkjet Ink". Applied Mechanics and Materials 469 (listopad 2013): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.469.68.
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UV-LED inkjet ink is a promising environmental ink which has advantages as higher reaction speed, higher efficiency and energy saving, better environmental protection, its research and development can contribute to realizing green printing and its important for food packing security. Monomer is the important component of the UV-LED ink, in order to investigate the impact of monomer on dispersivity of UV-LED inkjet ink, seven kinds of monomers were chosen to prepare cyan color paste respectively and test their particle size and distribution. Then the ratio of co-monomers was achieved by formulation experiment to obtain the best dispersivity. In order to improve the performance of the UV-LED inkjet ink, different monomers were used to make ink samples separately, viscosity, surface tension, curing rate of the ink and flexibility and adhesion were tested. In the end, the ratio of co-monomers was achieved by formulation experiment to obtain the best overall performance. The results show that the monomer has a significant influence on the dispersion and curing rate of the UV-LED inkjet ink, but also has a great impact on film-forming properties of the ink after UV-LED curing.
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Yamazaki, Yasunori. "Factory Tour of Mimaki Engineering Co. Ltd." International Journal of Automation Technology 2, nr 6 (5.11.2008): 493–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2008.p0493.
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Mimaki Engineering Co. Ltd., founded in the city of Tomi, Nagano Prefecture in 1975 and listed on the JASDAQ Stock Exchange in 2007, is an up-and-coming company. At first, the company developed and manufactured the special order item like the electrical equipment unit, the chip mounter, and the automatic transfer line system, etc., which were the “Engineering” still remaining in the name of the company. The Company’s first ever original product was a pen plotter which made the best use of the servo technologies cultivated in earlier experiences in producing custom-made products. This then led to the development of cutting plotters that utilize cutters instead of pens. Knowledge gained on the needs and characteristics of the Company’s mainstay market seems to have opened the door to the later commercial success of the company. The product that has most influenced the direction of the company has been the large-size ink jet printer put on the market in 1996. The company, in order to meet the needs of sign graphics (the company’s mainstay market), has added new inks and technologies for large-sized printing to the fundamental ink jet technologies introduced by Epson, and in so doing has grown into a leading company in the field. Moreover, the Company has steadily prepared to advance into the field of industrial products with printing and cutting technologies applied to plastic plates, etc. and also into the textile and apparel field, in which printing is done on fabric. These technologies all provide main stay products for digital on-demand production, an innovative production method.
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Qu, Zhen Cai, Guang Xue Chen, Bao Lin Tang i Shuang Shuang Wen. "Effect of Paper Surface Characteristics on Dot Gain in Ink-Jet Printing". Advanced Materials Research 174 (grudzień 2010): 227–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.174.227.
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Four kinds of ink-jet papers with different surface characteristics are chosen in this paper, by the ink-jet proofing experiments, the influence of surface characteristics to dot gain is studied, and the law of dot gain with paper surface characteristics is discussed. During the experiment, surface properties including absorbency, gloss, roughness and whiteness are tested firstly; then, the standard wedge of GATF is printed on these papers in the same printing conditions; finally, the dot gain is tested by SpectroEye. After experimental data processing and analysis, dot gain curves of different ink-jet papers are concluded, the law of dot gain with ink-jet paper surface characteristics is summarized. The results show that dot gain is different in different paper, the evaluation of 3# is the best; dot gain is also different with different colors in the same paper, and it is serious in cyan but light in yellow; the biggest dot gain appears in different contrast with different colors, cyan appears near the 65% dot area. The result of this paper offers a certain theoretical reference and practical guidance to the selection, the research and development of ink-jet paper as well as the improvement of ink-jet qualities.
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Paegle, Linda, Žanna Martinsone, Ivars Vanadziņš, Ilona Pavlovska i Lāsma Akūlova. "NUMBER OF FINE PARTICLES’ AND THEIR MASS CONCENTRATION: COMPARISON OF EMISSION OF NEW PRINTING TECHNOLOGY VERSUS TRADITIONAL LASER TECHNOLOGY". ENVIRONMENT. TECHNOLOGIES. RESOURCES. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (16.06.2021): 200–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2021vol1.6558.
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For many years the printers have been essential part of our offices and exposures from various printing technologies have been widely researched. The main objective of this study was to compare emitted number and mass of fine particles from laser printers and new Micro Piezo technology ink jet printers during the printing process and one hour afterwards as these emissions have potential for negative health effects.Air samples were taken with the particle size spectrometer for real-time ELPI+, Dekati (air flow rate 10 l/min). Measurements were taken ~0.5 m from the printers: one hour before the test, during printing and one hour afterwards. Similar class blackwhite (b/w) and colour printer of each technology were tested. Each printer performed a 10-page and a 100-page test according to ECMA 328-1 Standard [1].During laser printer tests from 8324 to 19943 pt/cm3 fine particles were determined on printing phase from b/w and colour printers. Ink jet (Micro Piezo) printers produced less: from 3239 to 5247 pt/cm3. One hour after the printing phase for both types of laser printers’ there were 54722 to 152351 pt/cm3 particles in air and 4270 to 9579 pt/cm3 particles for ink jet printers. Detected particle mass differences was insignificant: in range of 0.002 to 0.012 mg/m³ for laser printers and 0.002 to 0.019 mg/m³ for ink jet printers. Micro Piezo technology printers emitted mass particles were with bigger median size μm.The highest number of particles was observed one hour after the printing for both tested printer technologies. Laser printers’ emitted 2.5 to 3.8 times more particles in printing phase and 12.8 to 15.9 times more after printing phase. Particle mass in mg/m³ was detected in the size range 6nm - 2.5 μm with no significant mass differences.
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Si, Zhan Jun, i Yu Li. "Study on the Color Rendering Effect of High Glossy Color Inkjet Paper". Applied Mechanics and Materials 469 (listopad 2013): 286–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.469.286.
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The material for ink-jet printing is very extensive, but now paper media is the most commonly used one, because the image of glossy ink jet paper printed clear and bright, shiny, light fastness and excellent color fastness in the aspects of indoor display packaging. Therefore, this paper combined the traditional test method and modern computer image analysis technology together, to formation the evaluation system of color rendering performance on a suitable color ink jet paper, in order to qualitative and quantitative evaluate to paper printing color rendering.This paper mainly used six kinds of different brands glossy inkjet paper as the pattern and carries on the experiment measurement and objective visual subjective evaluation. Subjective evaluation aspect, choose a certain number standard observer to do subjective quality evaluation. Objective evaluation aspect, using the experiment testing paper properties, through test the paper print image macro and micro color reference which on the different brand color ink-jet printing paper, and add the analyze the effects of combined with the basic properties of different paper color rendering of ink-jet paper, to ensure comprehensive and objective reflect the effect of color rendering.Through the above methods, qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate of the different paper pattern of the color rendering performance, it would be provide reference and evaluation method for glossy inkjet paper in the research of color rendering effect.
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Lavrič, Gregor, Igor Karlovits, Deja Muck, Eva Petra Forte Tavčer i Urška Kavčič. "Influence of Ink Curing in UV LED Inkjet Printing on Colour Differences, Ink Bleeding and Abrasion Resistance of Prints on Textile". TEKSTILEC 64, nr 3 (26.10.2021): 221–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.14502/tekstilec2021.64.221-229.
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Digital printing techniques are increasingly present in the field of textile printing. Particularly prominent is the inkjet printing technique using water-based inks, while UV LED inkjet printing also increasingly being in use. UV LED inkjet is primarily not intended for direct clothing printing; however, it can be used especially as a hybrid solution in the soft signage market. It is a great option for the printers that are not engaged only in textile print¬ing, and want a more versatile print portfolio, extending it to non-clothing textile products, e.g. soft signage and non-wearable products. As these types of products often require colour reproduction of logos, accurate colour reproduction, good ink adhesion and sharpness are important just like in other printing technologies. In order to evaluate the impact of UV LED radiation amount on colour differences, ink bleeding and abrasion resistance, six different fabric samples (five woven and one nonwoven) were printed using a UV LED inkjet printer. Based on the results of colour difference, it was established that a reduction of UV radiation (by half the manufacturer’s recommended amount) had no effect on this parameter. However, perceptible colour differences were observed with the use of different M measurement conditions defined by the international standard ISO 13655-2017. Reducing the amount of UV radiation had no effect on the adhesion and durability of the printed ink. Small differences detected in these two parameters were mainly a consequence of the properties of textile materials and not of decreased UV radiation.
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Falcone, Giovanni, Juan P. Real, Santiago D. Palma, Rita P. Aquino, Pasquale Del Gaudio, Emilia Garofalo i Paola Russo. "Floating Ricobendazole Delivery Systems: A 3D Printing Method by Co-Extrusion of Sodium Alginate and Calcium Chloride". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, nr 3 (24.01.2022): 1280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031280.
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At present, the use of benzimidazole drugs in veterinary medicine is strongly limited by both pharmacokinetics and formulative issues. In this research, the possibility of applying an innovative semi-solid extrusion 3D printing process in a co-axial configuration was speculated, with the aim of producing a new gastro-retentive dosage form loaded with ricobendazole. To obtain the drug delivery system (DDS), the ionotropic gelation of alginate in combination with a divalent cation during the extrusion was exploited. Two feeds were optimized in accordance with the printing requirements and the drug chemical properties: the crosslinking ink, i.e., a water ethanol mixture containing CaCl2 at two different ratios 0.05 M and 0.1 M, hydroxyethyl cellulose 2% w/v, Tween 85 0.1% v/v and Ricobendazole 5% w/v; and alginate ink, i.e., a sodium alginate solution at 6% w/v. The characterization of the dried DDS obtained from the extrusion of gels containing different amounts of calcium chloride showed a limited effect on the ink extrudability of the crosslinking agent, which on the contrary strongly influenced the final properties of the DDS, with a difference in the polymeric matrix toughness and resulting effects on floating time and drug release.
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Chen, Hai Sheng, Zhen Cai Qu i Bao Lin Tang. "Research on Fuzzy Evaluation of Ink-Jet Paper Printability". Applied Mechanics and Materials 121-126 (październik 2011): 4090–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.121-126.4090.
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Based on the experiment, this paper used principal component analysis and multiple regression analysis to establish a fuzzy evaluation system between the paper performance and print qualities. Five kinds of ink-jet paper with different surface characteristics were chosen in this paper to test their properties including absorbability, gloss, roughness, whiteness etc. During the same printing condition, using the digital proofer of EPSON Stylus Pro7880c, the standard wedge of GATF, solid color lumps and standard lines were printed on these paper samples; dot gain and solid densities were tested by SpectroEye, then contrast-K was calculated, the qualities of lines were analyzed with QEA image Analysis. Finally, paper surface characteristics were analyzed with principal components analysis, and definition of printing was analyzed by QEA Image Analysis, correlation between paper basic performance and the characteristics of printing qualities, such as dot gain, solid density, definition and contrast-K, and an integral evaluation function and a model were established. When evaluating on paper, as long as its surface characteristics were tested, the printability of different paper can be evaluated in a fuzzy and integral way through the calculation of the model and evaluation function. This work offers a certain theoretical reference and practical guidance to the selection of ink-jet paper and the improvement of ink-jet qualities.
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García-García, Ane, Leyre Pérez-Álvarez, Leire Ruiz-Rubio, Asier Larrea-Sebal, Cesar Martin i José Luis Vilas-Vilela. "Extrusion-Based 3D Printing of Photocrosslinkable Chitosan Inks". Gels 10, nr 2 (4.02.2024): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels10020126.
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Photocuring of chitosan has shown great promise in the extrusion-based 3D printing of scaffolds for advanced biomedical and tissue engineering applications. However, the poor mechanical stability of methacrylated chitosan photocuring ink restricts its applicability. The inclusion of co-networks by means of simultaneous polycomplex formation is an effective method by which to solve this drawback, but the formed hydrogel inks are not printable. This work aims to develop new photocurable chitosan inks based on the simultaneous photocrosslinking of methacrylated chitosan (CHIMe) with N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide, polyethylene glycol diacrylate, and acrylic acid to be applied in extrusion 3D printing. Interestingly, the polycomplex co-network corresponding to the acrylic-acid-based ink could be successfully printed by the here-presented simultaneous photocuring strategy. Further, the conversion of photocrosslinking was studied via photo-DSC analyses that revealed a clear dependence on the chemical structure of the employed crosslinking agents (from 40 to ~100%). In addition, the mechanical and rheological properties of the photocured hydrogels were comparatively studied, as well as the printing quality of the extruded scaffolds. The newly developed chitosan photocurable inks demonstrated extrusion printability (squareness ~0.90; uniformity factor ~0.95) and tunable mechanical properties (Young modulus 14–1068 Pa) by means of different crosslinking approaches according to the chemical architecture of the reactive molecules employed. This work shows the great potential of photocrosslinkable chitosan inks.
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Kumar, Pradeep, Yuvraj S. Negi i Surendra P. Singh. "Offset printing behavior of baggase and hardwood paper sheets loaded by in-situ precipitation". BioResources 6, nr 1 (1.12.2010): 207–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.6.1.207-218.
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Standard handsheets of bleached bagasse and hardwood pulps were prepared with calcium carbonate filler loading by conventional method and by in-situ precipitation. The handsheets were printed with an IGT printability tester. The effect of filler loading by in-situ precipitation on ink transfer, print density, and print-through was studied. For a given amount of ink on the printing disk or on the paper, the print density was greater and the print-through was less for in-situ precipitation of filler when compared with the conventional filler loading.
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Gunasekera, Deshani H. A. T., SzeLee Kuek, Denis Hasanaj, Yinfeng He, Christopher Tuck, Anna K. Croft i Ricky D. Wildman. "Three dimensional ink-jet printing of biomaterials using ionic liquids and co-solvents". Faraday Discussions 190 (2016): 509–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5fd00219b.
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1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([C2C1Im][OAc]) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([C4C1Im][OAc]) have been used as solvents for the dissolution and ink-jet printing of cellulose from 1.0 to 4.8 wt%, mixed with the co-solvents 1-butanol and DMSO. 1-Butanol and DMSO were used as rheological modifiers to ensure consistent printing, with DMSO in the range of 41–47 wt% producing samples within the printable range of a DIMATIX print-head used (printability parameter < 10) at 55 °C, whilst maintaining cellulose solubility. Regeneration of cellulose from printed samples using water was demonstrated, with the resulting structural changes to the cellulose sample assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and white light interferometry (WLI). These results indicate the potential of biorenewable materials to be used in the 3D additive manufacture process to generate single-component and composite materials.
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Vandana, PANKAJ KUMAR, Vikas Jangra i Ambrish Pandey. "An empirical study on the print suitability of hybrid modulated screen and digitally modulated screen in offset printing process". Scientific Temper 14, nr 04 (27.12.2023): 1394–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.58414/scientifictemper.2023.14.4.49.
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DM Screening is the advanced stochastic screening. It combines the best features of other screening technologies like AM, FM, and XM and is compatible with heat-set, cold-set and sheet-fed offset presses. The aim of this research is to identify the print suitability of hybrid modulated screen (XM) and digitally modulated screen (DM) in the offset printing process on a coated substrate by comparing different quality parameters like SID, trapping, print contrast and dot gain. Coated sample sheets are printed with the same solid ink density by using XM and DM screening to make valid comparisons. Around 150 sheets are printed to achieve the target solid ink density value (+ 0.05) during printing. After the density values are attained in accordance with standard SID values, next 50 sample sheets are printed, measured and evaluated.
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Al-Amri, Amal M., Tien Khee Ng, Nour El I. Boukortt i Boon S. Ooi. "Printed Graphene Electrode for ITO/MoS2/Graphene Photodiode Application". Coatings 13, nr 5 (26.04.2023): 831. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13050831.
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Lightweight and flexible electronics have recently emerged at the forefront of optoelectronic applications. In this regard, graphene electrodes enable opportunities for new photodiode devices. In this paper, we formulated and tested graphene ink using the standard inkjet printing technique. It was shown that the maximum conductivity of ink was achieved for 14 print passes of the graphene layer. Moreover, we deposited Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS2) ink in the same pattern and used it as an active layer. We put MoS2 ink on an Indium-Tin-Oxide (ITO) glass substrate and then deposited graphene ink as a top electrode to fabricate an ITO/MoS2/graphene device. The fabricated device showed good rectification behavior and high ON/OFF switching behavior with a max photocurrent of 15 µA at +2 V. The technique thus paves the way for low-cost, low-temperature processing of electronics and one-step fabrication.
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Narayanan, Alagusundari, i Dr Sivakumari Subramania Pillai. "A Novel Optimized Neural Network Model for Ink Selection in Printed Electronics". International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research 11, nr 4 (2.12.2023): 1103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.37391/ijeer.110430.
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The field of Printed Electronics (PE) is experiencing significant growth in the industrial sector and generating considerable interest across various industries due to its ability to produce intricate components. The functionality of printed electronic products heavily relies on the utilization of conductive ink during the printing process, which plays a vital role in developing flexible electronic circuits and improving the communicative functionalities of objects. Selecting the right ink for printing is crucial to meet consumer requirements. However, the conventional approach to this process has been manual, labor-intensive, and time-consuming, relying on the expertise of designers. This paper presents an automated ink selection model for printed circuits. This novel method has been incorporated with Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network (MLPNN) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), named PSO-MLPNN. A dataset containing material features is generated by gathering information from both literature and experimental observations. To ensure uniformity, the data undergoes preprocessing using the min-max method, which scales all features to a standardized range between 0 and 1. A four-layer MLPNN is constructed to choose the most suitable ink. The network is trained with the PSO algorithm. The bias and weight values of MLPNN are tuned using the PSO algorithm to attain high accuracy. The computed findings confirm that the ink selection is highly effective and more accurate when compared to both the standard MLPNN.