Artykuły w czasopismach: „Standalone Solar Photovoltaic systems”

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Gevorkov, Levon, José Luis Domínguez-García i Lluis Trilla Romero. "Review on Solar Photovoltaic-Powered Pumping Systems". Energies 16, nr 1 (21.12.2022): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16010094.

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Water and energy are becoming more and more important in agriculture, urban areas and for the growing population worldwide, particularly in developing countries. To provide access to water it is necessary to use appropriate pumping systems and supply them with enough energy for operation. Pumps powered by solar photovoltaic energy are complex electromechanical systems that include hydraulic equipment, electrical machines, sensors, power converters, and control units. Therefore, solar photovoltaic pumping systems are associated with various fields of science and engineering. In remote, less-populated areas without electricity, where it is either challenging to connect to the grid or it is not possible, solar photovoltaic water pumping systems can play a significant role. To see whether solar photovoltaic pumping systems may be a practical, viable, and affordable method of pumping water it is necessary to study different aspects of their operation. The goal of this current article is to evaluate and outline recent research and advancement in the field of solar photovoltaic pumping systems. The major focus is on the standalone photovoltaic pumping system’s components, factors that affect system efficiency, performance evaluation, system optimization, and the potential for integration with modern control techniques. The main objective of this article is to give a broader overview of solar photovoltaic technologies for researchers, engineers, and decision-makers.

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Sanz-Gorrachategui, Iván, Carlos Bernal Ruiz, Estanis Oyarbide Usabiaga, Antonio Bono Nuez, Sergio Jesús Artal Sevil, Erik Garayalde Pérez, Iosu Aizpuru Larrañaga i Jose María Canales Segade. "Partial State-of-Charge Mitigation in Standalone Photovoltaic Hybrid Storage Systems". Energies 12, nr 22 (19.11.2019): 4393. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12224393.

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Energy Storage in photovoltaic installations has increased in popularity in recent years due to the improvement in solar panel technology and energy storage systems. In several places where the grid is not available, in remote isolated rural locations or developing countries, isolated photovoltaic installations are one of the main options to power DC micro-grids. In these scenarios, energy storage elements are mandatory due to the natural day-night cycles and low irradiation periods. Traditionally, lead-acid batteries have been responsible for this task, due to their availability and low cost. However, the intermittent features of the solar irradiance patterns and load demand, generate multiple shallow charge–discharge cycles or high power pulses, which worsen the performance of these batteries. Some Hybrid Energy Storage Systems (HESSs) have been reported in the literature to enhance the lifetime and power capabilities of these storage elements, but they are not intended to overcome the Partial State of Charge (PSoC) issue caused by daily cycles, which has an effect on the short and mid-term performance of the system. This paper studies the impact of the already proposed HESSs on PSoC operation, establishing the optimal hybrid ratios, and implementing them in a real installation with a satisfactory outcome.

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Mahmud, Md Rasel, i Hemanshu Pota. "Robust Partial Feedback Linearized Controller Design for Standalone Hybrid PV-BES System". Electronics 10, nr 7 (25.03.2021): 772. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10070772.

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This paper presents a mixed-sensitivity-based robust H∞ loop-shaping partial feedback linearized control scheme to enhance the transient stability of a battery energy storage-associated standalone solar photovoltaic system. The proposed control scheme has been provided independent operating points for a generalized nonlinear dynamical model of DC microgrids connected standalone hybrid solar photovoltaic and battery energy storage system. A parametric uncertainty model is developed for the generalized dynamical model, and the noise disengaging merit of the proposed control technique has been investigated. The designed controller’s performance has been demonstrated under four different scenarios, and it is compared with the conventional PI controller for partial feedback linearized control law.

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Katongole, Ismail, Aliyu Nuhu Shuaibu, Subramanian Palanikumar i Al-mas Sendegeya. "Performance Analysis of a Hybrid Solar Photovoltaic- Grid Water Pumping System". KIU Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology 2, nr 1 (4.04.2023): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.59568/kjset-2023-2-1-13.

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This study examines the integration of grid and solar energy resources in remote water pumping systems to improve performance and reliability. The feasibility of a hybrid solar PV-grid system is investigated to assess its technical and financial performance compared to standalone solar PV or grid systems. A unique aspect of this hybrid system is the utilization of a water storage tank instead of energy storage for solar PV conversion. The system comprises a PV array, inverter, AC motor, submersible pump, storage tank, grid supply, and control systems. The paper presents a cost-effectiveness analysis using Net Present Value (NPV), Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE), and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) to economically evaluate the power supply for pumping systems in community areas. The study focuses on two energy supply systems: solar photovoltaic systems and the grid network. A case study is conducted in the western region of Uganda, where the pumping systems are designed to provide water for residential, commercial, and small industrial usage. To evaluate the proposed solar PV system, Matlab/Simulink software is utilized for modeling, and simulations are performed to assess the system's performance and outcomes. Overall, this research aims to explore the benefits and drawbacks of integrating grid and solar resources in water pumping systems, with a particular emphasis on the economic viability and technical feasibility of a hybrid solar PV-grid system.

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Pothuraju, P., i M. Venkatesan. "A Review on Regulation of Hybrid Solar Photovoltaic and Wind Drive Coordination". International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, nr 4.24 (27.11.2018): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.24.21869.

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Now a days electrical energy is essential to social development and for the economic growth of any country. Majorly the world facing the power generation problem. The fossil fuel sourcesare limited and needed to use properly. This huge power generation increases the green house effect. Hence to overcome this effect, prefer combined operation of Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) and Wind power generation systems. Due to high penetration of SPV and wind systems in presen tenergy schememighteffectand form many practical issuesparticularly to individual systems and weak grids, with lack of control and ample loading capability. Hence,incorporating both SPV and wind energy systems to form an optimal arrangement, the effect offlexible nature of wind as well as solar energy can partlydeterminedbesides the whole arrangementsuits more efficient and reliable to operation.This paper presents the exploration on control schemes of combined SPV and wind driveincorporationarrangements. Energy, incidence oscillations and harmonics are significant power quality disputes for grid mode as well as standalone arrangements having hugeeffect in weak networks. Thus can be determined to a hugelevel by having suitable arrangement, innovative reaction techniques with energy storage arrangement and good optimization of both grid onnected and standalone ,hybrid SPV and wind energy systems.

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Pardo, Miguel Ángel, Héctor Fernández i Antonio Jodar-Abellan. "Converting a Water Pressurized Network in a Small Town into a Solar Power Water System". Energies 13, nr 15 (4.08.2020): 4013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13154013.

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The efficient management of water and energy is one challenge for managers of water pressurized systems. In a scheme with high pressure on the environment, solar power appears as an opportunity for nonrenewable energy expenditure reduction and emissions elimination. In Spain, new legislation that eliminates old taxes associated with solar energy production, a drop in the cost of solar photovoltaic modules, and higher values of irradiance has converted solar powered water systems into one of the trendiest topics in the water industry. One alternative to store energy (compulsory in standalone photovoltaic systems) when managing pressurized urban water networks is the use of head tanks (tanks accumulate water during the day and release it at night). This work intends to compare the pressurized network running as a standalone system and a hybrid solution that incorporates solar energy supply and electricity grids. The indicator used for finding the best choice is the net present value for the solar power water system lifespan. This study analyzed the possibility of transferring the energy surplus obtained at midday to the electricity grid, a circumstance introduced in the Spanish legislation since April 2019. We developed a real case study in a small town in the Alicante Province, whose findings provide planning policymakers with very useful information in this case and similar case studies

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Monika, Mandav, i Tiwari Shruti. "Comparative analysis of real-time data for stand-alone PV and floating PV system using MPPT technique". i-manager's Journal on Power Systems Engineering 9, nr 4 (2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jps.9.4.18519.

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Solar energy is one of the most important and rapidly developing technologies in India. In recent years, India's attempts to increase the share of solar energy in electricity generation have led to the use of all renewable energy sources in electricity generation. It does not require fuel and has no negative impact on the environment. This research paper compared real-time data for off-grid and floating Photovoltaic (PV) systems. A stand-alone photovoltaic system assumes that a battery is used to store energy. He encountered a problem with the heating on the ground or on the roof, causing the panel's efficiency to drop. A floating solar panel is a novel solution to the problem of scarce land and rising panel temperatures in standalone systems. The efficiency of a floating PV system is higher than that of a stand-alone PV system because the water constantly cools the temperature of the floating solar panel. This paper explored the performance of both standalone and floating PV modules. The systems used the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) approach and the simulations were performed in MATLAB. Other MPPT algorithms are available, but this is the one uses the Perturb and Observe (P & O) technique.

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Kostik, N. R., S. A. Tarasov, A. V. Bobyl i E. I. Terukov. "Potential of wind generators as additional source of energy in hybrid renewable energy systems located in Baltic region". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1096, nr 1 (1.10.2022): 012031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1096/1/012031.

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Abstract Study of the joint daily variability of wind speed and solar activity in the region of Gulf of Finland and its impact on renewable energy sources. The influence of external factors on the variability of total output power of ground-based wind turbines and solar photovoltaic panels is investigated. To a small extent, wind turbines are able to complement the generation of renewable energy sources: 15% –30% wind turbines and 70% –85% solar photovoltaics is preferable ratio of renewable energy sources. Comparing two similar climate regions in different scenarios lead economic feasibility strongly corelate with fuel prices. Standalone diesel generators can be quite effective at first, but in the long-term it is not viable solution due to fuel costs. Combined wind-PV renewable energy system is more profitable, but it has higher initial cost.

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Sopian, Kamaruzzaman, Mohd Yusof Othman, Saleem H. Zaidi i Nowshad Amin. "ADVANCED SOLAR ASSISTED DRYING SYSTEMS FOR MARINE AND AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS". Journal of Mechanical Engineering 42, nr 1 (28.07.2013): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jme.v42i1.15912.

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Solar assisted drying systems are cost effective and suitable for drying of various marine andagricultural products. The way forward for advanced solar assisted drying systems is compact collector design,high efficiency, integrated storage, and long-life systems. Air based solar collectors are not the only availablesystems. Water based collectors can also be used whereby water to air heat exchanger can be used. The hot airfor drying of agricultural produce can be forced to flow in the water to air heat exchanger. The hot water tankacts as heat storage of the solar drying system. Heat pump drying system can be effective use for as part of solarassisted drying systems. Moreover, innovative applications of photovoltaic thermal system for simultaneousproduction of heat and electricity are suitable as standalone applications and totally operated on solar energy.The Solar Energy Research Institute has developed four advanced solar assisted drying system suitable fordrying of various marine and agricultural products namely (a) the solar assisted drying systems with thedouble-pass solar collector with fins (b) solar assisted dehumidification system (c) solar assisted chemical heatpump system and (d) solar assisted heat pump with photovoltaic thermal collectors.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jme.v42i1.15912

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Doss, M. Arun Noyal, K. Mohanraj, Sayantan Bhattacharjee, Maulik Tiwari i Devashish Vashishtha. "Photovoltaic fed multilevel inverter using reverse voltage topology for standalone systems". International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 10, nr 3 (1.09.2019): 1347. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v10.i3.pp1347-1354.

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Multilevel Inverters are generally utilized for medium voltage and high power applications. Invented in 1975, MLIs have brought huge change in the field of Electrical and Electronics. It contains distinctive topologies. This paper proposes a photovoltaic aided multilevel inverter with Reverse Voltage topology with diminished number of switches. In comparison to other existing topologies this topology utilizes minimum number of switches and less number of carrier signals which in turns diminishes the complexity of the system as well as cost. The proposed framework contains five MOSFETs, five diodes to create eleven levels. In this topology the SPWM strategy has been utilized. This topology utilizes one sine wave and five triangular waves, which is half in comparison to the existing topologies. As sustainable power sources can be utilized for multilevel inverter, photovoltaic cell has been utilized. The MATLAB recreation for both solar powered module and Multilevel inverter has been appeared alongside the equipment approach.

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Chekira, Ouadiâ, Ali Boharb, Younes Boujoudar, Hassan El Moussaoui, Tijani Lamhamdi i Hassane El Markhi. "An improved energy management control strategy for a standalone solar photovoltaic/battery system". Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 27, nr 2 (1.08.2022): 647. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v27.i2.pp647-658.

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This paper proposes efficient energy management in hybrid microgrid-comprising of photovoltaic (PV) and battery storage systems. The proposed technique. The hybrid system's power balance is based on smart control to meet the demands of isolated off-grid direct current (DC) loads as well as to stabilize the voltage to DC Bus. The Perturb and Observe technique (P&O) is used to achieve maximum power point tracking by adjusting the duty cycle of the Bidirectional converter, which links the Li-ion battery to the DC Bus of stand-alone power systems (SPS). The proposed controller regulates the power flow of the battery for efficiency voltage control in a microgrid. The energy management system proposed has been approved using MATLAB/Simulink under variable solar irradiation conditions. The simulation results show that the technique used increases the battery cycle-life and better energy management and voltage control performance compared with previous examples.

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Mitra, Lopamudra, i Ullash Kumar Rout. "Optimal control of a high gain DC- DC converter". International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 13, nr 1 (1.03.2022): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v13.i1.pp256-266.

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Different types of power conditioning systems are mostly used with renewable energy systems. As the output of solar photovoltaic (PV) is low high voltage converters are required. These converters can be used for both standalone and grid tied systems. A high voltage gain DC-DC converter is proposed which can be used with photovoltaic modules to get high output voltage. This converter can provide a high voltage gain and a proportional integral derivative (PID) controller is used to maintain the high output voltage of the proposed converter coupled with solar photovoltaic module. The PID controller is first designed using classical Ziegler Nichol’s method (ZN) and optimal control of the converter is obtained by using different optimisation methods like particle swarm optimisation (PSO), bacteria foraging algorithm (BFA) and its comparison is presented in this paper.

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Abdellahi, Ba, Mohamed El Mamy Mohamed Mahmoud, Ne Ould Dah, Amadou Diakité, Aroudam El Hassen i Chighali Ehssein. "Monitoring the performances of a maximum power point tracking photovoltaic (MPPT PV) pumping system driven by a brushless direct current (BLDC) motor". International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 8, nr 2 (13.06.2019): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.8.2.193-201.

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Nowadays, water pumping systems powered by solar-cell generators are one of the most important applications. It’s a promising alternative to conventional electricity and diesel based pumping systems, especially for applications like community water supplies and irrigation. This study presents a monitored standalone photovoltaic solar direct pumping system using the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm to optimize the solar photovoltaic conversion efficiency. It was done at ISET-Rosso in Mauritania. The experimental setup based on Lorentz PS1200C-SJ8-5 pumping system consists of four photovoltaic (PV) panels, inverter PS1200, BLDC motor, centrifugal pump and a storage tank. The system has been monitored, in order to determine the relationship between: the DC power produced by the PV generator and the solar radiation; the water flow and the DC power and by then the relationship between the water flow and the solar radiation. The effect of ambient temperature and solar radiation on the PV panels was also done under Matlab/Simulink environment and compared to the experimental results. ©2019. CBIORE-IJRED. All rights reserved

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Nikolskaia, A. B., S. S. Kozlov, M. F. Vildanova, O. K. Karyagina i O. I. Shevaleevskiy. "Four-terminal perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells for low light applications". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2103, nr 1 (1.11.2021): 012191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2103/1/012191.

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Abstract Here novel high efficient semi-transparent perovskite solar cells (PSCs) based on ZrO2 photoelectrodes were fabricated and were used as top elements in tandem systems with crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cells in four-terminal configuration. The comparative analysis of photovoltaic parameters measured for PSCs, c-Si solar cells and PSC/c-Si tandem solar cells demonstrated that the use of ZrO2 photoelectrodes allows to improve the PSC performance and to achieve efficiencies for PSC/c-Si tandem solar cell higher than for a standalone c-Si solar cell under varying illumination conditions.

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Suresh Babu, G., B. Prem Charan i T. Murali Krishna. "Performance Analysis of SPV Module Using Solar PVTR System". International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, nr 3.3 (21.06.2018): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.3.14488.

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With a spurt in the use of non-conventional energy sources, photovoltaic installations are being deployed in several applications such as distributed power generation and standalone systems. Solar Photo Voltaic (SPV) module is the basic component of the solar PV system. The functioning of a photovoltaic array is influenced by solar insolation, shading and array arrangement. Often the PV arrays get shadowed, completely or partially by neighboring buildings, trees, towers and service poles. The efficacy of PV array unvaryingly depends upon temperature which in turn is reliant on radiation. In order to validate this hypothesis, there are certain instruments and experimentation methods available which are expensive. But carrying out hardware testing on the solar PV system with Photo Voltaic Training and Research (PVTR) system and simulating using software will lead to least economical method of achieving performance analysis which is the main objective of this paper. The efficiency of PV module is analyzed from I-V and P-V characteristics for this standalone solar pv system by changing radiation and temperature parameters. This paper mainly emphases on comparison of the testing results and simulation results for different radiation levels.

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Koukouvaos, Charalambos, Dionisis Kandris i Maria Samarakou. "Computer-Aided Modelling and Analysis of PV Systems: A Comparative Study". Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/101056.

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Modern scientific advances have enabled remarkable efficacy for photovoltaic systems with regard to the exploitation of solar energy, boosting them into having a rapidly growing position among the systems developed for the production of renewable energy. However, in many cases the design, analysis, and control of photovoltaic systems are tasks which are quite complex and thus difficult to be carried out. In order to cope with this kind of problems, appropriate software tools have been developed either as standalone products or parts of general purpose software platforms used to model and simulate the generation, transmission, and distribution of solar energy. The utilization of this kind of software tools may be extremely helpful to the successful performance evaluation of energy systems with maximum accuracy and minimum cost in time and effort. The work presented in this paper aims on a first level at the performance analysis of various configurations of photovoltaic systems through computer-aided modelling. On a second level, it provides a comparative evaluation of the credibility of two of the most advanced graphical programming environments, namely, Simulink and LabVIEW, with regard to their application in photovoltaic systems.

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Prakash, Vinoth John, i Pradyumna Kumar Dhal. "Techno-Economic Assessment of a Standalone Hybrid System Using Various Solar Tracking Systems for Kalpeni Island, India". Energies 14, nr 24 (17.12.2021): 8533. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14248533.

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Achieving electrification in an island considering less emission and levelized energy cost is a challenging goal on developing islands such as Kalpeni Island. This work exhibits the techno-economic assessment of a standalone hybrid system to generate power to Kalpeni Island, India through sensitivity and optimization analysis using HOMER software. Various system configurations like solar/DG, wind/DG, solar/wind/DG, and solar/wind are analyzed based on cost and electrical parameters. Based on the optimization results, the best hybrid system is chosen for Kalpeni Island considering different solar tracking methods. Then, multi-year and sensitivity analysis are performed to analyze the effect of load growth, rising diesel price, rising battery minimum SOC, rising PVS derating, rising photovoltaic cell temperature, and changing inverter and rectifier efficiency. The system operated with a solar photovoltaic system (PVS) and diesel generator (DG) with a tracking system on a vertical axis (TSVA) shows the best optimization result compared to other hybrid configurations with a low levelized energy cost (LEC) of 0.222 $/kWh and net present cost (CNP) of $448,269 for the chosen location. The TSVA plays a vital role on power production in the system operated with solar and DG sources, which produces 9.77% more power compared to fixed system without tracking (FSWT). The total emission produced in the system operated with solar and diesel generator with TSVA is 88.2% less compared to an WT/DG configuration operated with FSWT.

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Indliya, Jagat Naryan. "COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF SOLAR PV POWER FORECASTING USING INTELLIGENT COMPUTING". International Journal of Technical Research & Science 7, nr 07 (25.07.2022): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.30780/ijtrs.v07.i07.003.

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The field of renewable energy offers answers to emerging nations' problems with sustainable energy. The electricity constraint in India is being addressed by the adoption of various renewable energy options. The market is promising for domestic organisations, distribution networks, and transmission networks, but the financial position is slow and considerable despite the recent significant growth in power generation. India has an installed capacity for wind power of 230,000 kilowatts and 450,000 kilowatts of hydroelectric power, however it has little to no potential for renewable energy. Although India presently occupies a strong position in this area, the goal is to increase installed renewable energy capacity from 37 GW to 1.75 million kilowatts by 2022 (excluding major hydropower). A significant component of the government's extension strategy is solar energy. For geography and structure, the solar PV system demonstration is quite beneficial. We require efficient design and forecasting tools for an efficient structure. A common tool for planning and optimising the design and construction of standalone photovoltaic solar systems that are connected to the grid is the PV system. The goal of this research is to provide the comparable design model of a solar photovoltaic power plant and to analyse the influence of power forecasting on solar photovoltaic system performance evaluation. PV and IV features of solar photovoltaic systems have been used to create the mathematical model of solar photovoltaic systems and analyse performance. For the best forecasting in the given situation of complex operating conditions, a modified prediction technique was put into place.

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Kariyat, Vineeth Kumar Pothera, i Jijesh Jisha Janardhanan. "Design and development of modified high efficient high gain DC-DC converter for SPV standalone systems". International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 14, nr 3 (1.09.2023): 1562. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v14.i3.pp1562-1576.

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A conventional DC-DC converter is not viable for power conditioning in standalone solar photovoltaic applications. Switching losses are the primary reason for the poor performance of conventional DC-DC converters. To mitigate the issues in conventional DC-DC converters, a high efficient high gain (HEHG) DC-DC converter is designed and developed in this research work. Modified HEHG converter utilizes the passive components switched capacitors, coupled inductor, and resistor capacitor (RC) snubber circuit for minimizing the switching losses and improving the overall power conversion efficiency of the solar photovoltaic (SPV) system. In addition, a modified D-sweep maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm is in-corporate into this system to improve the tracking efficiency of the SPV system. HEHG for a standalone system is designed using MATLAB/Simulink environment and developed the hard-ware prototype. As a part of the validation, real-time testing is carried out and compares the performance of the HEHG converter with a traditional DC-DC converter. The theoretical efficiency of the HEHG converter is 96.01%, and the real-time efficiency is 95.62%. Found that theoretical and practical values of performance parameters are closely tallying.

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Wang, Jin, Yinke Dou, Guangyu Zuo, Musheng Lan, Xiaomin Chang, Bo Yang, Zhiheng Du, Miaoyuan Yu i Qingyang Mao. "Application and effect analysis of renewable energy in a small standalone automatic observation system deployed in the polar regions". AIP Advances 12, nr 12 (1.12.2022): 125218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0128256.

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Considering the difficulty of power supply for automatic observation equipment in the polar regions, this paper introduced a small standalone renewable energy system with wind–solar co-generation as the energy supply scheme. Mathematical models were given, including solar photovoltaic panels, wind turbines, solar irradiance, wind energy density, and renewable energy assessment. ERA-Interim atmospheric reanalysis data were used to evaluate solar energy resources, and the synergistic effect of wind–solar resources on renewable energy was also analyzed and discussed. The system composition of the small standalone renewable energy system was proposed in this study. This system deployed near Zhongshan Station was taken as the object of investigation to analyze the operation performance of each component of the system in different months, and the technical feasibility of the system has also been verified. The results showed that the wind–solar resources in the polar regions had a synergistic effect, which can provide an effective and feasible scheme for the power supply of automatic observation equipment. Through research and analysis, it was found that each component of the renewable energy system, including photovoltaic panels, wind turbines, and batteries, could meet the long-term power supply requirements of automatic observation regardless of the polar periods, polar day or polar night. This paper can not only provide theoretical and data support for the application of small independent renewable energy systems in the polar regions but also provide feasible solutions for clean energy supply of the systems and equipment for independent observation stations deployed in uninhabited islands and alpine regions.

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Nebti, K., i R. Lebied. "Fuzzy maximum power point tracking compared to sliding mode technique for photovoltaic systems based on DC-DC boost converter". Electrical Engineering & Electromechanics, nr 1 (23.02.2021): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2074-272x.2021.1.10.

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Aim. This paper presents the amelioration of maximum power point tracking using fuzzy logic methods for photovoltaic system supplying a standalone system. Method. The main role of the maximum power tracking is to force the system for working at the maximum point for each change of meteorological conditions. The classic technique Perturb and Observe is more attractive due to its simple and high efficiency. Sliding mode is a non-linear control technique; characterised by robustness against the parameters change or disturbances, it gives a good maximum power operation under different conditions such as changing solar radiation and photovoltaic cell temperature. Novelty. Fuzzy logic tracking technique is treated. Fuzzy rules construction is based on Perturb and Observe behaviour when the appropriate disturbance step is produced in order to obtain a fast system with an acceptable precision. We use in our study 60 W photovoltaic panel associated to boost chopper converter in order to supply a standalone system. Results. As show in results figures using fuzzy maximum power point tracking the ameliorate performances especially the very low oscillation rate (nearly 0.6 W), and very acceptable response time 0.1 s.

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Somkuwar, Nikita, i Prof Vaishali Malekar. "“Design a Simulation of Power Systems Stability in Presence of Photovoltaic Systems.”". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, nr 7 (31.07.2023): 1140–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.54803.

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Abstract: The use of renewable energy resources has gained so much attention and popularity in the world as alternative energy to the conventional thermal, hydro and nuclear energy. But the increasing use of fossil fuels like coal, gases and petroleum product will create a deficiency in future along with some other issues like increasing price, environmental pollutions. Again increasing demand of electrical energy for a luxurious society forces the power engineers to think of alternative energy sources in the form of wind, solar, biomass etc. Among these resources, solar energy is the most promising and emerging as popular source of electrical energy in society having potential utilization for remote rural communities. However, there are many potential use of solar photovoltaic (SPV) being a sustainable solution. There is a lot of opportunity for such technologies to provide a cost-effective solution to demand of electricity for the rural poor peoples of developing nations. In addition, development and increasing number of micro grids and standalone off grid and on grid challenges which needs to be addressed for effective and operation requires improvements in system design and control. However, installation of solar photovoltaic (PV) for electricity generation might be not a good mitigation for the problem whereby some internal issues to be rectified and to be stabilized for the better power quality to be generated. Therefore, in this paper we use one of the methods for the better power quality. This paper presents the design and simulation of an active power filter (APF) supported by a PV plant by using P-Q theory algorithm to control APF.

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Meena, Radhey Shyam, Anoop Singh, Shilpa Urhekar, RohitBhakar, Neeraj Kumar Garg, Mohammad Israr, D. P. Kothari, C. Chiranjeevi i Prasath Srinivasan. "Artificial Intelligence-Based Deep Learning Model for the Performance Enhancement of Photovoltaic Panels in Solar Energy Systems". International Journal of Photoenergy 2022 (17.09.2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3437364.

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This study looks into artificial intelligence methods for scaling solar power systems, such as standalone, grid-connected, and hybrid systems, in order to lessen environmental effect. When all essential information is provided, conventional sizing methods may be a feasible alternative. It is impossible to apply typical procedures in instances where data is unavailable. The new suggested artificial intelligence model employing multilayered perceptrons is employed for sizing solar systems, and this model functions on current photovoltaic modules that incorporate hybrid-sizing models; so, they should not be rejected entirely. In this work, the convergence speed of the proposed model for single diode, two diodes, and three diodes are the comparison factors to estimate the performance of the proposed model.

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Artal-Sevil, J. S., V. Ballestín-Bernad, J. Lujano-Rojas, R. Dufo-López i J. L. Bernal-Agustín. "Modeling of a stand-alone solar photovoltaic water pumping system for irrigation". Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal 21, nr 1 (lipiec 2023): 662–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.24084/repqj21.443.

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Solar photovoltaic water pumping systems have been research topics in recent decades. The purpose was to develop much more profitable and efficient systems to meet the needs of pumping water for livestock and irrigation. This paper describes the design of a stand-alone photovoltaic water pumping system. A Boost converter is used to apply the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm. Similarly, a three-phase voltage source converter (VSC) is used to supply the asynchronous motor. The installation must provide a continuous water flow during the irrigation interval. It has been verified that in adverse weather conditions (cloud transits or partly cloudy) it is necessary to incorporate a decentralized-hybrid energy storage system (based on batteries or ultracapacitors), or excessively oversize the standalone photovoltaic system, to supply the water pump. The model has been simulated in Matlab-Simulink. In this way, different simulations have been developed to verify the basic characteristics of the proposed system. The results of the simulated model and the conclusions obtained are also presented in this paper.

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Reddy, Hanumantha, Bhargav B, Sunil S, Santosh Kumar K i Praveena K. "Solar Off-Grid Electric Vehicle Charging Station". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, nr 4 (30.04.2023): 3859–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.50988.

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Abstract: Nowadays, there is a great development in electric vehicle production and utilization. It has no pollution, high efficiency, low noise, and low maintenance. However, the charging stations, required to charge the electric vehicle batteries, impose high energy demand on the utility grid. One way to overcome the stress on the grid is the utilization of renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic energy. The utilization of standalone charging stations represents good support to the utility grid. Nevertheless, the electrical design of these systems has different techniques and is sometimes complex. This paper introduces a new simple analysis and design of a standalone charging station powered by photovoltaic energy. Simple closed-form design equations are derived, for all the system components. Case-study design calculations are presented for the proposed charging station. Other important features of an off-grid solar EV charging station might include the use of smart charging technology to optimize charging speed and efficiency, as well as the ability to monitor and control the system remotely. Safety features such as overcharge protection and grounding would also be important considerations. We can visualize the expected results using a Cayenne Software, we can also control the street lighting by Internet of Things. The results show that the charging process of the electric vehicle battery is precisely steady for all the PV insolation disturbances. In addition, the charging/discharging of the energy storage battery responds perfectly to store and compensate for PV energy variations.

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Aljwary, Adel, Ziyodulla Yusupov, Olimjon Toirov i Rustam Shokirov. "Mitigation of load side harmonic distortion in standalone photovoltaic based microgrid". E3S Web of Conferences 304 (2021): 01010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202130401010.

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Photovoltaic (PV) system as one part of distributed energy resources is becoming an alternative for low and medium distribution network of microgrid. By the reason of a wide implementation of power electronic and non-linear loads, harmonics distortion is one of the main problems for the power systems. There are several filter types to mitigate the harmonics. The passive filter is distinguished by its simplicity and economical options from another filters. In this paper, the passive single tuned filter (STF) is used to minimize harmonics distortion in standalone PV based microgrid. A solar PV array is modelled as an ideal single diode model (ISDM) and used to supply electrical power to an AC load. The simulation results are executed on MATLAB/Simulink show that STF is effective in mitigating the voltage total harmonic distortion (VTHD) and the current total harmonic distortion (ITHD) with enhancing the output power quality.

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Mohamed, I. "Solar Hydrogen System Configuration Using Genetic Algorithms". Solar Energy and Sustainable Development Journal 1, nr 1 (30.06.2012): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.51646/jsesd.v1i1.103.

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For standalone power supply systems based on solar hydrogen technology to work efficiently, the photovoltaic generator and electrolyser stack have to be conﬁgured so that they produce the needed amount of hydrogen in order for the fuel cell to produce sufficient power to operate the load. This paper discusses how genetic algorithms were applied to optimise the design of the photovoltaic generator and electrolyser combination by searching for the best conﬁguration in terms of number parallel and series PV modules, number of electrolyser cells, and cell surface area. First, a mathematical simulation model based on the current-voltage PV characteristics and the polarisation characteristics of the electrolyser was developed. The models parameters were obtained by ﬁtting the mathematical models to experimental data. A genetic algorithm code was then developed. The code is based on the PV and electrolyser models as an evaluation measure for the ﬁtness of the solutions generated. Results are presented conﬁrming the effectiveness of using the genetic algorithm technique for solar hydrogen system conﬁguration.

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Zhao, Xiang Yang, i Yu Jin. "Development of a Test Platform for Stand-Alone PV Systems". Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (styczeń 2012): 6409–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.6409.

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To verify the design of a standalone photovoltaic (PV) system, a test facility has been installed. This paper describes a platform to test the stand-alone solar system according to the IEC62124 standard. Essentially, this entire system involves the integration of a Personal Computer (PC), Data Acquisition (DAQ), an AC load and a solar array simulator (SAS) to test and simulate a stand-alone PV system. The main functions of this test facility are data acquisition, display, save and analysis data and print reports. The information obtained by monitoring parameters, such as average battery’s temperature, voltage and current is fed to the PC via the DAQ for analysis. This customized control interface has been developed by utilizing Labview software. This new system boasts of high accuracy measurements coupled with the commercial viability of low cost.

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Khatib, Tamer, i Wilfried Elmenreich. "An Improved Method for Sizing Standalone Photovoltaic Systems Using Generalized Regression Neural Network". International Journal of Photoenergy 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/748142.

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In this research an improved approach for sizing standalone PV system (SAPV) is presented. This work is an improved work developed previously by the authors. The previous work is based on the analytical method which faced some concerns regarding the difficulty of finding the model’s coefficients. Therefore, the proposed approach in this research is based on a combination of an analytical method and a machine learning approach for a generalized artificial neural network (GRNN). The GRNN assists to predict the optimal size of a PV system using the geographical coordinates of the targeted site instead of using mathematical formulas. Employing the GRNN facilitates the use of a previously developed method by the authors and avoids some of its drawbacks. The approach has been tested using data from five Malaysian sites. According to the results, the proposed method can be efficiently used for SAPV sizing whereas the proposed GRNN based model predicts the sizing curves of the PV system accurately with a prediction error of 0.6%. Moreover, hourly meteorological and load demand data are used in this research in order to consider the uncertainty of the solar energy and the load demand.

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Trape, M., i A. Hellany. "Maximum Power Point Tracker Optimization for Phovoltaic Systems based on III-V Elements". Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal 20 (wrzesień 2022): 614–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24084/repqj20.382.

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A photovoltaic system consists of several components that are interconnected into a grid network or standalone system. The overall efficiency of a photovoltaic system is the result of component selection, accurate implementation, and stable operation. Therefore, if these factors are not in harmony during the design and execution of the system, optimal efficiency will not be achieved. This paper summarizes the technological trend of photovoltaic cells which lead to the development of multijunction photovoltaic cells based on III-V elements. Additionally, the challenges within the implementation of multijunction cells based on III-V elements into terrestrial applications will also be discussed, followed by a potential solution to counter the efficiency loss of these cells caused by the atmospheric gases filtering the solar irradiance across the optical band length of absorption. The implementation of Adaptive-Perturbation-Frequency (APF) in a Perturb and Observe (P&O) algorithm, instead of a linear step size variation, combined with several hardware optimizations on the Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT), maybe an ideal approach to reduce the impacts of having a multijunction photovoltaic cell based on elements III-V operating at terrestrial conditions.

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Subhani, Nafis, Ramani Kannan, Md Mahmud i Mohd Romlie. "Performance Analysis of a Modernized Z-Source Inverter for Robust Boost Control in Photovoltaic Power Conditioning Systems". Electronics 8, nr 2 (29.01.2019): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8020139.

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In this paper, the performance of a new Z-source inverter (ZSI)-based single-stage power conditioning system (PCS) is analyzed for a standalone photovoltaic (PV) power generation system. The proposed ZSI-based PCS includes two main parts: one is the input from PV units and the other is the ZSI. In this work, a new topology, termed the switched inductor-assisted strong boost ZSI (SL-SBZSI), is introduced for improving the performance of the PCS. The proposed topology shows high boosting capability during the voltage sag in PV units due to variations in solar irradiation and temperature. Another key advantage is the reduced capacitor voltage stress and semiconductor switch voltage stress of the inverter bridge, which ultimately minimizes the size and cost of the single-stage PCS. The proposed ZSI topology falls under the doubly grounded category of inverter by sharing the common ground between the input and output. This is an additional feature that can minimize the leakage current of PV units at the ac output end. The operational principles, detailed mathematical modeling, and characteristics of the proposed SL-SBZSI for a standalone photovoltaic (PV) power generation system is presented in this paper for analyzing performance. The simulation results, which are performed in MATLAB/Simulink, demonstrate the improved performance of the proposed SL-SBZSI for the standalone PV system. The performance of the proposed topology is also evaluated through an experimental validation on a laboratory-based PV system.

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Zare, A., i M. T. Iqbal. "Optimal Sizing of a PV System in Golpayegan, Iran Using Thermal Modeling-based Load Demand". European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 5, nr 12 (30.12.2020): 152–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2020.5.12.2295.

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This paper introduces the design and analysis of a Photovoltaic (PV) system to supply the residential load of a house in Golpayegan, Iran. The paper’s procedure is the house's thermal modeling employing BEopt software to estimate the load data and then collect the primary meteorological data such as solar irradiance and temperature for the selected site. After these preliminary steps, system optimization for PV/grid and PV/diesel/battery models are developed using the HOMER software. The optimization found that the PV array required capacities are 5.17 kW and 6.19 kW, producing 9,346 kWh/yr and 11,196 kWh/yr for standalone and grid-connected PV systems, respectively. The results indicate that solar energy utilization is an attractive option for grid-connected and standalone PV systems, of which the net present costs (NPC) of each system are 12,180 US$, 40,618 US$, respectively. The system analyses show that adopting either a PV/grid or PV/diesel/battery system causes a reduction in not only dependency on fossil fuel but also in CO2 emission.

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Zare, A., i M. T. Iqbal. "Optimal Sizing of a PV System in Golpayegan, Iran Using Thermal Modeling-based Load Demand". European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 5, nr 12 (30.12.2020): 152–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2020.5.12.2295.

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This paper introduces the design and analysis of a Photovoltaic (PV) system to supply the residential load of a house in Golpayegan, Iran. The paper’s procedure is the house's thermal modeling employing BEopt software to estimate the load data and then collect the primary meteorological data such as solar irradiance and temperature for the selected site. After these preliminary steps, system optimization for PV/grid and PV/diesel/battery models are developed using the HOMER software. The optimization found that the PV array required capacities are 5.17 kW and 6.19 kW, producing 9,346 kWh/yr and 11,196 kWh/yr for standalone and grid-connected PV systems, respectively. The results indicate that solar energy utilization is an attractive option for grid-connected and standalone PV systems, of which the net present costs (NPC) of each system are 12,180 US$, 40,618 US$, respectively. The system analyses show that adopting either a PV/grid or PV/diesel/battery system causes a reduction in not only dependency on fossil fuel but also in CO2 emission.

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Uloom, N. A., T. M. N. T. Mansur, R. Ali, N. H. Baharudin i A. M. Abdullah. "A Comparative Study of Hybrid Energy Storage System using Battery and Supercapacitor for Stand-Alone Solar PV System". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2312, nr 1 (1.08.2022): 012075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2312/1/012075.

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Abstract The standalone solar power system has long been used to meet the electrical needs of basic building structures. To counter the natural supply–demand imbalance caused by solar energy, standalone solar PV system often include energy storage devices, primarily lead–acid batteries. Due to lead-acid battery limitations, solar systems often have higher operational costs compared to traditional power systems. It has been discovered that a supercapacitor-battery hybrid energy storage device can be used to prolong the cycle life of a battery system by reducing the charge–discharge stress caused by variable power exchange. This research examines the influence of a supercapacitor on a photovoltaic system that makes use of a hybrid energy storage system that includes both batteries and supercapacitors in order to lessen the stress placed on the batteries. The methodology involves data collection for load profile and meteorological information, designing solar PV system, and simulation using Matlab SIMULINK to study the effect of supercapacitor on battery current of the evaluated system. Three different energy storage system topologies in building applications were simulated, and their ability in managing battery stress was investigated and evaluated. From the result, it is clear that by applying passive HES system, 53% of battery current can be reduced compared to battery-only system and 92% of reduction can be achieved by using semi-active HES system.

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Zaid, Sherif A., Hani Albalawi, Khaled S. Alatawi, Hassan W. El-Rab, Mohamed E. El-Shimy, Abderrahim Lakhouit, Tareq A. Alhmiedat i Ahmed M. Kassem. "Novel Fuzzy Controller for a Standalone Electric Vehicle Charging Station Supplied by Photovoltaic Energy". Applied System Innovation 4, nr 3 (6.09.2021): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/asi4030063.

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The electric vehicle (EV) is one of the most important and common parts of modern life. Recently, EVs have undergone a big development thanks to the advantages of high efficiency, negligible pollution, low maintenance, and low noise. Charging stations are very important and mandatory services for electric vehicles. Nevertheless, they cause high stress on the electric utility grid. Therefore, renewable energy-sourced charging stations have been introduced. They improve the environmental issues of the electric vehicles and support remote area operation. This paper proposes the application of fuzzy control to an isolated charging station supplied by photovoltaic power. The system is modeled and simulated using Matlab/Simulink. The simulation results indicate that the disturbances in the solar insolation do not affect the electric vehicle charging process at all. Moreover, the controller perfectly manages the stored energy to compensate for the solar energy variations. Additionally, the system response with the fuzzy controller is compared to that with the PI controller. The comparison shows that the fuzzy controller provides an improved response.

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Issahaku, Mubarick, i Francis Kemausuor. "Techno-economic comparison of standalone solar PV and hybrid power systems for remote outdoor telecommunication sites in northern Ghana". Ghana Journal of Science, Technology and Development 8, nr 2 (11.12.2022): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.47881/371.967x.

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Telecommunication services have continued to evolve to meet the ever-changing bandwidth demand requirements. The electricity grid network of Ghana is faced with challenges, including low voltages, a lack of quick fault response teams, and the proximity to specific locations. Using diesel generators to address the shortfall in grid supply is expensive and has implications for greenhouse gas emissions. This study evaluated the technical and economic benefits of using a standalone solar photovoltaic (PV) system, hybrid (Solar PV/diesel), conventional diesel generators (DG), and grid extension to power an off-grid outdoor telecommunication site. Power solutions configurations were simulated using hybrid optimization of multiple electric renewables (HOMER). The study found the optimum design to be a standalone solar PV/battery system with 56.3 kW solar PV array and Sixty (60) pieces of 12 V SAGM batteries of 135 Ah. The optimum design had a net present cost (NPC) of US$ 88,176.00 and a cost of energy (COE) of US$ 0.321/kWh. The COE and the NPC of the optimum system were approximately 50% less than the design with DG only, which could significantly impact service tariff and improve access to digital connectivity. The COE from the solar PV/battery system is not competitive with the grid power supply (COE = US$0.12). However, considering the electric distance limit or breakeven distance of 4.51km for grid extension, the solar PV/battery is preferred. Therefore, the stakeholders in providing power solutions to off-grid locations should consider solar PV technology.

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Ongate, Nisit. "Study and evaluation of energy on the house by standalone photovoltaic systems of half-cell and full cell types". SNRU Journal of Science and Technology 14, nr 3 (23.08.2022): 247406. http://dx.doi.org/10.55674/snrujst.v14i3.247406.

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This research aimed to investigate the effectiveness and performance of standalone photovoltaic systems of the half-cell and full-cell types. In Phetchabun province, it requires 8 hours of sunlight per day between the hours of 8:00 A.M. and 4:00 P.M.. Open circuit voltage, short circuit current, DC, and AC power are continually recorded for 62 days in July and August 2020. According to the results of the solar panel efficiency test, the full and haft cell solar panels' actual efficiencies are 89.13 and 89.04% of the manufacturer's maximum power, respectively. The power generating efficiency of full-cell and half-cell types of panels was considerably different at 95% confidence. The power of 307.5 and 307.9 W for full and half-cell solar panels. By using two 345 W solar panels connected in parallel, it can produce an average voltage and current of 25.40 V and 21.62 Ah respectively, and when charged to a 100 Ah 24 V battery for 8 hours it can use electrical appliances including 350, 450, 550, and 650 W.

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Priyohutomo, Arif, Dedet Candra Riawan i Soedibyo Soedibyo. "Studi Kelayakan Water Pumped Energy Storage Sebagai Penyimpanan Energi PLTS Mandiri Pada Daerah Terisolir". Jurnal FORTECH 2, nr 1 (22.02.2021): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32492/fortech.v2i1.234.

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Research and development on the implementation of renewable energy is growing rapidly, especially about photovoltaic (PV) and energy storage. Water pumped energy storage (WPES) is an alternative storage media in a standalone solar power system because of its longer technical life than chemical storage types, such as batteries. To assess the feasibility of WPES implementation as an energy storage in the standalone solar power plant system, the process of sizing the system components needs to be carried out by considering technical and economic aspects. This research will discuss the sizing process of standalone solar power system using WPES with closed loop reservoir systems and its economic analysis. The sizing process is carried out by the method of power balance, energy balance, and volume balance while economic viability is seen from the capital cost, O&M cost, and revenue from electrical energy absorbed by the load. In this study, the daily load profile with energy demand of 79 kWh and peak load of 4.36 kW. The analysis shows the need of 56 kWp PV system, 3800 m³reservoir capacity with 20m head. The calculation shows the technical efficiency of the system is 28.2%. From the economic analysis, the sistem’s payback period is 24 years, assuming the reservoir technical age is 50 years with net present value of Rp 2,072,823,731.86 and return of investment 105%.

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Lopez-Vargas, Ascension, Manuel Fuentes, Marta Vivar Garcia i Francisco J. Munoz-Rodriguez. "Low-Cost Datalogger Intended for Remote Monitoring of Solar Photovoltaic Standalone Systems Based on Arduino™". IEEE Sensors Journal 19, nr 11 (1.06.2019): 4308–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2019.2898667.

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Ngo, Sy, Chian-Song Chiu, Thanh-Dong Ngo i Cao-Tri Nguyen. "New Approach-based MPP Tracking Design for Standalone PV Energy Conversion Systems". Elektronika ir Elektrotechnika 29, nr 1 (27.02.2023): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j02.eie.32269.

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In searching for a maximum power point (MPP) using a DC boost converter for photovoltaic (PV) energy conversion systems, we realised that the fast and accurate way to find the suitable duty ratio value is the core problem to enhance the energy conversion efficiency of the PV system. Under uniform irradiation, the panels will generate the same values, so they have only one peak on the P-V curve; conventional MPP tracking methods easily obtain this MPP. However, under partial shading conditions, many peaks are created, traditional MPP tracking methods can fall into the local MPP, and this issue will cause energy loss and reduce PV energy conversion efficiency. To avoid this disadvantage, this paper proposes a hybrid method (HM) by combining the improved chicken swarm optimisation (CSO) method and the incremental conductance (InC) algorithm for a DC standalone PV energy conversion system. In this hybrid method, the improved CSO modified approach is used to search the global region, and the InC algorithm is responsible for capturing the top of this global region. MATLAB simulation and experimental results were performed to demonstrate that the proposed method has achieved the global MPP under uniform solar irradiance and partial shadow effects.

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Alzaid, Omar S., Basharat Salim, Jamal Orfi, Salah Khan i Hassan Alshehri. "Hybrid Solar and Wind Power Generation in Saudi Arabia". Energy and Environment Research 10, nr 2 (30.11.2020): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/eer.v10n2p25.

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Solar and wind energy systems are attractive hybrid renewable energy systems suitable for various applications and most commonly for power generation. Compared to standalone wind and solar devices, hybrid systems have several advantages, including requiring lesser or no storage devices, being more reliable, damping the daily and seasonal variations and ensuring constant energy flows. This work aims to conduct a feasibility study and a performance analysis of a hybrid wind and solar photovoltaic (PV) power system in selected regions in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). A detailed review on the potential of PV, wind energy and hybrid energy systems in KSA, to reason out the potential areas of study, has identified two sites to be selected to carry out the investigation. A small size power system driven by solar and wind energy has been modeled and simulated for a year period in the selected locations. Various configuration schemes of integrated solar and wind with storage devices for such a small capacity system have been proposed and their respective performances have been evaluated. Techno-economic aspects have been included. The simulation results indicated that the developed model shows a promising future of implementing the renewable energy system in the eastern and southern regions of the Kingdom. 

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Jailani, Nur Liyana Mohd, Jeeva Kumaran Dhanasegaran, Gamal Alkawsi, Ammar Ahmed Alkahtani, Chen Chai Phing, Yahia Baashar, Luiz Fernando Capretz, Ali Q. Al-Shetwi i Sieh Kiong Tiong. "Investigating the Power of LSTM-Based Models in Solar Energy Forecasting". Processes 11, nr 5 (3.05.2023): 1382. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11051382.

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Solar is a significant renewable energy source. Solar energy can provide for the world’s energy needs while minimizing global warming from traditional sources. Forecasting the output of renewable energy has a considerable impact on decisions about the operation and management of power systems. It is crucial to accurately forecast the output of renewable energy sources in order to assure grid dependability and sustainability and to reduce the risk and expense of energy markets and systems. Recent advancements in long short-term memory (LSTM) have attracted researchers to the model, and its promising potential is reflected in the method’s richness and the growing number of papers about it. To facilitate further research and development in this area, this paper investigates LSTM models for forecasting solar energy by using time-series data. The paper is divided into two parts: (1) independent LSTM models and (2) hybrid models that incorporate LSTM as another type of technique. The Root mean square error (RMSE) and other error metrics are used as the representative evaluation metrics for comparing the accuracy of the selected methods. According to empirical studies, the two types of models (independent LSTM and hybrid) have distinct advantages and disadvantages depending on the scenario. For instance, LSTM outperforms the other standalone models, but hybrid models generally outperform standalone models despite their longer data training time requirement. The most notable discovery is the better suitability of LSTM as a predictive model to forecast the amount of solar radiation and photovoltaic power compared with other conventional machine learning methods.

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Prakash, S. Vinoth John, i P. K. Dhal. "Cost optimization and optimal sizing of standalone biomass/diesel generator/wind turbine/solar microgrid system". AIMS Energy 10, nr 4 (2022): 665–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/energy.2022032.

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<abstract> Renewable energy has grown in popularity in recent years as a solution to combat the effects of pollution on the environment. The main purpose of this research is to design a microgrid system in Lakshadweep Island to determine the cost and dependability of a solar photovoltaic system that is combined with biomass, wind energy and diesel generator. Two types of hybrid systems like solar/biomass generator/wind turbine and Solar/diesel generator/biomass are investigated to get an optimal solution using HOMER Pro software. The hybrid microgrid system is optimized with low cost of energy (COE) and less environmental pollution. The reliability indice like unmet load is determined for each case to access the performance of the system. The influence of different Weibull shape parameter in solar/biomass generator/wind turbine hybrid system with sensitive variation of solar irradiation and wind speed are discussed. The scheduling of diesel generator in solar/diesel generator/biomass generator with various scenarios are analyzed based on minimum net present cost. The optimization results shows that the solar/diesel generator/biomass hybrid system has low net present cost of 432513 ＄ and cost of energy of 0.215 ＄/kWh as compared to solar/biomass/wind turbine for the selected site location. The proposed solar/diesel generator/biomass system produces emission of 7506 kg/yr. The emission produced in Lakshadweep Island using the proposed model is reduced since this Island currently produces electricity mainly with diesel generators. The optimal sizing of various components in microgrid system is performed to get the optimal solution. </abstract>

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Nazer, Mohamed, Muhammad Fadzrul Hafidz Rostam, Se Yong Eh Noum, Mohammad Taghi Hajibeigy i Kamyar Shameli. "Performance Analysis of Photovoltaic Passive Heat Storage System with Microencapsulated Paraffin Wax for Thermoelectric Generation". Journal of Research in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 1, nr 1 (28.02.2021): 75–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/jrnn.1.1.7590.

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The depletion of non-renewable energy sources and negative effects towards the environment push research towards the widespread adoption of renewable energy sources such as solar energy. The main drawback of solar panels is that temperatures above 27°C will result in an efficiency drop of 0.1-0.5%/°C. In previous studies, usage of photovoltaic thermal (PVT) systems was mainly for the purpose of heating water, warming buildings, and drying crops. This research will focus on the usage of a standalone PVT and thermoelectric generator (TEG) system whereby it uses heat extracted from the PVT system for thermoelectric generation. A passive standalone PVT-TEG system design with microencapsulated paraffin wax as a phase change material (PCM) as a heat storage medium was created. The heat stored in the PCM is used as a heat source for thermoelectric generation. To extract the heat from the PV panel, an aluminum heatsink underneath the PV panel is used as a heat absorber to passively extract heat without external power sources. This setup reduces the surface temperature by 22.7°C. Transient thermal analysis and thermoelectric simulation of the system was conducted through Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) using ANSYS 2019 software. The error recorded between the experimental and simulation results was 4.2%. This proposed system panel successfully increased the electrical efficiency of the PV panel by approximately 12.8%, where the overall electrical power produced shows a significant increase from 7.7W to 17.7W.

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Kumar, Asadi Suresh, i Vyza Usha Reddy. "Performance Evaluation of PV Panel Configurations Considering PSC’s for PV Standalone Applications". Journal Européen des Systèmes Automatisés 54, nr 6 (29.12.2021): 847–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/jesa.540606.

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One of the major concerns for continuous solar photovoltaic (PV) generation is partial shading. The movement of clouds, shadow of buildings, trees, birds, litter and dust, etc., can lead to partial shadow conditions (PSCs). The PSCs have caused inconsistent power losses in the PV modules. This leads to a shortage of electricity production and the presence in the PV curve of several peaks. One of the simplest solutions to PSC’s is the PV configurations. The objective of this paper is modelling and simulation of solar PV system in various shading scenarios for KC200GT 200 W, 5 x 5 configurations that includes Series/Parallel (SP), Total-Cross-Tied (TCT), Triple-Tied (TT), Bridge-Link (BL) configurations. Real time PSC’s such as corner, center, frame, random, diagonal, right side end shading conditions are evaluated under all PV array configurations. A comparative analysis is carried out for the parameters such as open circuit voltage, short circuit current, maximum power point, panel mismatch losses, fill factor, efficiency under all PV configurations considering PSC’s. From the comparison analysis best configuration will be presented.

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Pattnaik, Saswati, Mano Ranjan Kumar, Sunil Kumar Mishra, Shivam Prakash Gautam, Bhargav Appasani i Taha Selim Ustun. "DC Bus Voltage Stabilization and SOC Management Using Optimal Tuning of Controllers for Supercapacitor Based PV Hybrid Energy Storage System". Batteries 8, nr 10 (15.10.2022): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries8100186.

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The global initiative of decarbonization has led to the popularity of renewable energy sources, especially solar photovoltaic (PV) cells and energy storage systems. However, standalone battery-based energy storage systems are inefficient in terms of the shelf and cycle life, reliability, and overall performance, especially in instantaneous variations in solar irradiance and load. In order to overcome this, a combination of a supercapacitor and battery-based hybrid energy storage system (HESS) is considered as an emerging and viable solution. The present work proposes an optimally tuned tilt-integral (TI) controller to develop an efficient power management strategy (PMS) to enhance the overall system performance. The controller parameters are tuned by optimization of the time-domain design specifications using a gradient-free simplex search technique. The robustness of the proposed TI controller is demonstrated in comparison to PI and fractional-order PI (FOPI) controllers. Furthermore, extensive experimentation was carried out to analyze the effectiveness of the proposed approach for DC bus voltage stabilization and state-of-charge (SOC) management under varying operating conditions such as solar irradiance, load, temperature, and SOC consumption by battery.

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Burhan, Muhammad, Muhammad Wakil Shahzad i Kim Choon Ng. "Sustainable Cooling with Hybrid Concentrated Photovoltaic Thermal (CPVT) System and Hydrogen Energy Storage". International Journal of Computational Physics Series 1, nr 2 (5.03.2018): 40–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.29167/a1i2p40-51.

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Standalone power systems have vital importance as energy source for remote area. On the other hand, a significant portion of such power production is used for cooling purposes. In this scenario, renewable energy sources provide sustainable solution, especially solar energy due to its global availability. Concentrated photovoltaic (CPV) system provides highest efficiency photovoltaic technology, which can operate at x1000 concentration ratio. However, such high concentration ratio requires heat dissipation from the cell area to maintain optimum temperature. This paper discusses the size optimization algorithm of sustainable cooling system using CPVT. Based upon the CPV which is operating at x1000 concentration with back plate liquid cooling, the CPVT system size is optimized to drive a hybrid mechanical vapor compression (MVC) chiller and adsorption chiller, by utilizing both electricity and heat obtained from the solar system. The electrolysis based hydrogen is used as primary energy storage system along with the hot water storage tanks. The micro genetic algorithm (micro-GA) based optimization algorithm is developed to find the optimum size of each component of CPVT-Cooling system with uninterrupted power supply and minimum cost, according to the developed operational strategy. The hybrid system is operated with solar energy system efficiency of 71%.

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Dursun, Bahtiyar, i Ercan Aykut. "An investigation on wind/PV/fuel cell/battery hybrid renewable energy system for nursing home in Istanbul". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 233, nr 5 (kwiecień 2019): 616–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957650919840519.

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This paper presents a techno-economic analysis of hybrid renewable energy systems to supply the electrical load requirements of the nursing home located in Istanbul, Turkey. The standalone hybrid renewable energy systems (Photovoltaic (PV)/wind/fuel cell/electrolyzer, PV/fuel cell/electrolyzer, and wind/fuel cell/electrolyzer, etc.) considered in the analysis were comprised of different combinations of PV panels, fuel cells, and wind turbines supplemented with hydrogen storage. In this study, the Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Resources (HOMER) software is used as the assessment tool to determine the optimal configuration of hybrid renewable energy systems taking total net present cost and cost of energy into consideration. As a result, it is determined that the optimal system configuration of standalone wind/PV/fuel cell/electrolyzer hybrid renewable energy systems with the lowest total net present cost consists of 30 kW PV panel, 20 kW wind turbine, 20 kW fuel cell, 20 kW power converter, 50 kW electrolyzer, 20 kW rectifier, and 100 kg hydrogen tank. Besides, the net present cost and cost of energy of the optimum configuration are calculated to be $607,298 and $1.306/kWh, respectively. The system is considered as completely renewable. When wind speed and solar radiation values increase, then the cost of energy decrease about $0.979/kWh.

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Chang, Kuo-Chi, Noel Hagumimana, Jishi Zheng, Godwin Norense Osarumwense Asemota, Jean De Dieu Niyonteze, Walter Nsengiyumva, Aphrodis Nduwamungu i Samuel Bimenyimana. "Standalone and Minigrid-Connected Solar Energy Systems for Rural Application in Rwanda: An In Situ Study". International Journal of Photoenergy 2021 (5.10.2021): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1211953.

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In recent years, several factors such as environmental pollution, declining fossil fuel supplies, and product price volatility have led to most countries investing in renewable energy sources. In particular, the development of photovoltaic (PV) microgrids, which can be standalone, off-grid connected or grid-connected, is seen as one of the most viable solutions that could help developing countries such as Rwanda to minimize problems related to energy shortage. The country’s current electrification rate is estimated to be 59.7%, and hydropower remains Rwanda’s primary source of energy (with over 43.8% of its total energy supplies) despite advances in solar technology. In order to provide affordable electricity to low-income households, the government of Rwanda has pledged to achieve 48% of its overal electrification goals from off-grid solar systems by 2024. In this paper, we develop a cost-effective power generation model for a solar PV system to power households in rural areas in Rwanda at a reduced cost. A performance comparison between a single household and a microgrid PV system is conducted by developing efficient and low-cost off-grid PV systems. The battery model for these two systems is 1.6 kWh daily load with 0.30 kW peak load for a single household and 193.05 kWh/day with 20.64 kW peak load for an off-grid PV microgrid. The hybrid optimization model for electric renewable (HOMER) software is used to determine the system size and its life cycle cost including the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) and net present cost (NPC) for each of these power generation models. The analysis shows that the optimal system’s NPC, LCOE, electricity production, and operating cost are estimated to 1,166,898.0 USD, 1.28 (USD/kWh), 221, and 715.0 (kWh per year, 37,965.91 (USD per year), respectively, for microgrid and 9284.4(USD), 1.23 (USD/kWh), and 2426.0 (kWh per year, 428.08 (USD per year), respectively, for a single household (standalone). The LCOE of a standalone PV system of an independent household was found to be cost-effective compared with a microgrid PV system that supplies electricity to a rural community in Rwanda.

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Chang, Kuo-Chi, Noel Hagumimana, Jishi Zheng, Godwin Norense Osarumwense Asemota, Jean De Dieu Niyonteze, Walter Nsengiyumva, Aphrodis Nduwamungu i Samuel Bimenyimana. "Standalone and Minigrid-Connected Solar Energy Systems for Rural Application in Rwanda: An In Situ Study". International Journal of Photoenergy 2021 (5.10.2021): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1211953.

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Streszczenie:

In recent years, several factors such as environmental pollution, declining fossil fuel supplies, and product price volatility have led to most countries investing in renewable energy sources. In particular, the development of photovoltaic (PV) microgrids, which can be standalone, off-grid connected or grid-connected, is seen as one of the most viable solutions that could help developing countries such as Rwanda to minimize problems related to energy shortage. The country’s current electrification rate is estimated to be 59.7%, and hydropower remains Rwanda’s primary source of energy (with over 43.8% of its total energy supplies) despite advances in solar technology. In order to provide affordable electricity to low-income households, the government of Rwanda has pledged to achieve 48% of its overal electrification goals from off-grid solar systems by 2024. In this paper, we develop a cost-effective power generation model for a solar PV system to power households in rural areas in Rwanda at a reduced cost. A performance comparison between a single household and a microgrid PV system is conducted by developing efficient and low-cost off-grid PV systems. The battery model for these two systems is 1.6 kWh daily load with 0.30 kW peak load for a single household and 193.05 kWh/day with 20.64 kW peak load for an off-grid PV microgrid. The hybrid optimization model for electric renewable (HOMER) software is used to determine the system size and its life cycle cost including the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) and net present cost (NPC) for each of these power generation models. The analysis shows that the optimal system’s NPC, LCOE, electricity production, and operating cost are estimated to 1,166,898.0 USD, 1.28 (USD/kWh), 221, and 715.0 (kWh per year, 37,965.91 (USD per year), respectively, for microgrid and 9284.4(USD), 1.23 (USD/kWh), and 2426.0 (kWh per year, 428.08 (USD per year), respectively, for a single household (standalone). The LCOE of a standalone PV system of an independent household was found to be cost-effective compared with a microgrid PV system that supplies electricity to a rural community in Rwanda.

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