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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Stabilised Soil Bricks"
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O.A, Fadele,, i Ata, O.J. "Stabilising Potential of Sawdust Lignin based Extracts in Compressed Lateritic Bricks". Civil Engineering Dimension 20, nr 1 (7.04.2018): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.9744/ced.20.1.16-20.
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Lignocellulosic materials are abundant in nature, rich in some functional groups, considered less harmful to human health and the environment.The resulting waste may be recycled for other beneficial uses. Lignin is known to be a natural binder in lignocellulosic materials and several studies have confirmed it has binding ability with soil particles. This paper studied its stabilising potential in compressed lateritic bricks, especially its effects on density and compressive strength properties of the bricks. Lignin additives extracted from sawdust were used to stabilise laterite, while the bricks were moulded with the UNIFE ram, a type of the CINVA ram. The laterite was stabilised at 4%, 8% and 12%, while cement stabilised samples and 0% (unstabilised laterite) samples prepared accordingly were used as controls. The results showed that the LBAs contributed to the strength gained by the bricks at 3, 7, 14 and 28 days air curing, while the bricks samples were categorised as high density.
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Gana, Dauda, N.A. Nwankwor i T.J. Tika. "THE PROPERTIES OF LATERITE SOILS AS THEY AFFECTS THE STABILITY OF BITUMEN STABILISED BRICKS". International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research 6, nr 6 (27.03.2020): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v6.i6.2019.400.
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The purpose of this study is to determine the properties of laterite soil and how they affect the stability of bitumen stabilized bricks. The samples for the study were disturbed samples sourced in seven locations in Adamawa State. Each sample weigh 20kg transported to the laboratory for tests. The tests conducted include: Sieve Analysis, sedimentation Test, Liquid Limit Test, Plastic Limit Test, Activity Ratio, Free Swell Test and Optimum Moisture Content Test. Three research questions guided the study and the findings of the study include; that the samples shows increase percentage smaller or less than 63 microns sizes, which indicate that the samples are more of silt and clay particles. The properties of the laterite soils taken for the study include; liquid limit ranging from 35-49, plasticity index from 11-14 percent, the activity ratio ranges from 1.0-1.4, and free swell test shows less than 100 percent. One of the recommendations made was that, Laterite soil stabilization should precede a study of the particles size distribution to ensure that the categories of the Laterite soil can bland with the bitumen emulsion to envelop the particles for the purpose of preventing moisture movement in the bricks.
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., Swapnil H. Patil. "RESEARCH ON INTER LOCKING STABILISED SOIL BRICKS (I.S.S.B.) A LITERATURE SURVEY". International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology 05, nr 03 (25.03.2016): 375–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2016.0503068.
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Sharma, Tarun, Sandeep Singh, Shubham Sharma, Aman Sharma, Anand Kumar Shukla, Changhe Li, Yanbin Zhang i Elsayed Mohamed Tag Eldin. "Studies on the Utilization of Marble Dust, Bagasse Ash, and Paddy Straw Wastes to Improve the Mechanical Characteristics of Unfired Soil Blocks". Sustainability 14, nr 21 (4.11.2022): 14522. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142114522.
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Earthen materials are the world’s oldest and cheapest construction materials. Compacted soil stabilised blocks are unfired admixed soil blocks made up of soil plus stabilisers such as binders, fibres, or a combination of both. The manufacturing and usage of cement and cement blocks raises a number of environmental and economic challenges. As a result, researchers are attempting to develop an alternative to cement blocks, and various tests on unfired admixed soil blocks have been performed. This investigation undertakes use of agricultural waste (i.e., paddy straw fiber and sugarcane bagasse ash) and industrial waste (i.e., marble dust) in manufacturing unfired admixed soil blocks. The applicability of unfired soil blocks admixed with marble dust, paddy straw fiber, and bagasse ash were studied. The marble dust level ranged from 25% to 35%, the bagasse ash content ranged from 7.5% to 12.5%, and the content of paddy straw fibre ranged from 0.8% to 1.2% by soil dry weight. Various tests were conducted on 81 mix designs of the prepared unfired admixed soil blocks to determine the mechanical properties of the blocks, followed by modeling and optimization. The characterization of the materials using XRD and XRF and of the specimens using SEM and EDS were performed for the mineral constituents and microstructural analysis. The findings demonstrate that the suggested method is a superior alternative to burned bricks for improving the mechanical properties of unfired admixed soil blocks.
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Ukwizagira, Gaspard, i Leopold Mbereyaho. "Strength Assessment of Improved Adobe Brick Using Natural Stabilizers". Mediterranean Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 07, nr 01 (2023): 14–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.46382/mjbas.2023.7102.
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Adobe or mud brick building technique is an ancient technique dating back at least to 8300 BC. The oldest continually inhabited structures in the world are made in adobe. Adobe brick have revealed many advantages such as low cost, simple construction, excellent thermal and acoustic properties. Dispute these advantages, adobe buildings experience many problems, like water effect and low brick strength, among others. The objective of this study was to assess the strength of adobe brick made from natural soils and stabilized using laterite, fine sand and fibrous grass. The study first checked the quality of all used materials components, and then with reference to the USCS, the classification and quality of those materials were determined. Afterwards, the controlling brick sample made of natural soil, and the stabilized brick made of natural soils with stabilizers were manufactured using the mix ratio of 50% natural soil, 30% of laterite, 15% of fine sand and 5% of fibrous grass. After the bricks curing, the compressive strength test was performed. It was observed that the adobe brick strength was improved from 1.04 N/mm2 to 2.128 N/mm2 after its stabilization. Further studies were recommended regarding the improvement of adobe bricks performance using other soils mixture content, or other types of stabilizers with target to achieve the strength of stabilized soil bricks with cement or even the strength of burnt bricks.
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Akerele, Adebimpe Omorinsola, Irewolede Aina Ijaola i Olatunbosun Hezekiel Omolayo. "Effects of Synthetic Foam on the Properties of Stabilized Lateritic Bricks". Journal of Engineering, Project, and Production Management 11, nr 1 (1.01.2021): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jeppm-2021-0007.
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AbstractManaging the production costs of construction projects is crucial especially in the aspect of material management. The use of lightweight materials reduces the dead load in structures, thus the reduction in the use of reinforcement and concrete in the foundation. To this end, this study examined the effect of synthetic foam on the properties of stabilized lateritic brick with a view to producing lightweight stabilized laterite brick for use on weak soils with low bearing capacity. Laboratory tests were conducted on the bricks produced to determine the density, compressive strength, and water absorption properties at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. Preformed foam using synthetic foaming agent was used at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% to replace the water in the experiment. One hundred twenty samples of stabilized foamed lateritic bricks were produced at a mixed ratio of 1:4 (cement: laterite) using a 0.6 water/cement ratio. The result showed that the bricks at all percentages of foam content meet up with the minimum requirement of compressive strength of 1.6N/mm2, 2.0N/mm2 and 3.5N/mm2 recommended by the Nigerian Building code, Nigerian Building and Road Research Institute, and the third class brick of the BS 3921:1985 respectively. The water absorption is within the limits of bricks specified in standards as 15%. The highest compressive strength was recorded at 25% foam inclusion (4.839N/mm2) on 28th day hence concluding that foaming agent stabilizes the characteristics strength of laterite bricks and also reduces its density.
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Wani, Absar Yousuf, i Mohit Bhandari. "Experimental Investigation on Mechanical Properties of Compressed Soil Blocks Manufactured Using Waste Materials". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 889, nr 1 (1.11.2021): 012012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/889/1/012012.
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Abstract This experimental investigation is done on the earth compressed block prepared by the Waste material. These waste materials are Rice Straw Fiber, marble powder, and Sugarcane Bagasse ash. This waste pollutesthe environment and creates the problem of disposal. Redbrick needs heat treatment which results in air pollution, cement bricks need water for curing which needs waterusage in huge quantity. Marble powder stabilized bricks need sun drying. An increase in marble content in the bricks results in the increment of compressive strength due to the presence of calcium content in the marble powder.it also increases the dry density of the brick because marble powder doesnot absorbs water and can easily fill the voids created by the soil,Sugarcene Bagasse ash andRice Straw fiber. Rice Straw Fiber reduces the compression of bricks reason is fiber cuts off on the pressure and it also creates voids when blended with the soil mix making usage of bagasse in the brick can help in increasing the strength of the concrete due to its pozzalonic action with cement but bagasse ash reduces the dry density of bricks and doesnot affect the strength of bricks because its creates voids and it is chemically neutral in bricks.
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Burroughs, Steve. "Recommendations for the Selection, Stabilization, and Compaction of Soil for Rammed Earth Wall Construction". Journal of Green Building 5, nr 1 (1.02.2010): 101–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.5.1.101.
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Rammed earth possesses environmental advantages over most other competing construction materials. However, if it is to be more routinely used in the construction of modern, sustainable buildings, its material properties and production processes must be properly quantified. This paper proposes practical recommendations for soil selection, stabilizer treatment, and on-site compaction for rammed earth, based on a recent set of 219 stabilization experiments. The purpose of the recommendations is to maximize the probability of constructing rammed earth walls that meet or exceed a compressive strength criterion of 2 MPa. The recommendations cover: (1) Quantifying the natural soil properties of linear shrinkage and texture in a staged sequence in order to identify suitable soils to stabilize (and to reject unsuitable soils); (2) Quantifying the amounts of cement and/or lime to be added to the selected soil according to the values of soil properties measured; and (3) Quantifying the forces involved in on-site compaction of stabilized soil (for both manual and pneumatic ramming), and relating these to laboratory-based test standards. Although the recommendations need to be tested and verified/refined using new data, their initial application to rammed earth construction situations in Australia indicates that they have predictive utility. Further research will also indicate the degree of applicability of the recommendations to the production of compressed earth bricks.
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Srikanth Reddy, S., A. C. S. V. Prasad i N. Vamsi Krishna. "Lime-Stabilized Black Cotton Soil and Brick Powder Mixture as Subbase Material". Advances in Civil Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5834685.
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Various researchers, for the past few decades, had tried to stabilize black cotton soil using lime for improving its shrinkage and swelling characteristics. But these days, the cost of lime has increased resulting in increase in need for alternative and cost effective waste materials such as fly ash and rice husk ash. Brick powder, one among the alternative materials, is a fine powdered waste that contains higher proportions of silica and is found near brick kilns in rural areas. The objective of the study is to investigate the use of lime-stabilized black cotton soil and brick powder mixture as subbase material in flexible pavements. Black cotton soil procured from the local area, tested for suitability as subbase material, turned out to be unsuitable as it resulted in very less CBR value. Even lime stabilization of black cotton soil under study has not showed up the required CBR value specified for the subbase material of flexible pavement by MORTH. Hence the lime-stabilized black cotton soil is proportioned with brick powder to obtain optimum mixture that yields a better CBR value. The mixture of 20% brick powder and 80% lime-stabilized black cotton soil under study resulted in increase in the CBR value by about 135% in comparison with lime-stabilized black cotton soil. Thus it is promising to use the mixture of brick powder and lime-stabilized black cotton soil as subbase material in flexible pavements.
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Bassa, Bruno, Renonet Karka Bozabe i Adoum Issak. "MAIN ENGINEERINGSPROPRETIES OF STABILISED EARTH BLOCK BRICKS FORMULATED WITH SOILS FROM NDJAMENA-CHAD". International Journal of Advanced Research 9, nr 5 (31.05.2021): 1132–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12950.
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The most used bricks in house building in NDjamena, city of Chad which is situated in semi dry arid area with 600 millimeters of pluviometry per year and 50 °C as highest temperature, are raw clay bricks, terracotta bricks or bricks in ciment block. The raw clay bricks have strong sensibility in water and weak resistance to compression. The terracotta and cement block bricks have high thermal conductivity contrary to the adobe and their manufacturingcontribute to destroy the environment. The aim of this paper is to search Stabilised Earth Block (SEB) bricks whichare made with clay, sand and few percent of cement and respond to climatic, environmental and economic constraints. Therefore, some bricks are built in mixing differentspercents of sand and clay (M1 : 40% sand and 60% clay, M2 : 50% sand and 50% clay, M3 : 60% sand and 40% clay, M4 : 70% sand and 30% clay, M5 : 30% sand, 30% slime and 40% clay, and M6 : 40 % sand, 20% slime and 40% clay) for obtaining physical stabilizationand adding 8%, 10% or 15% of cementin each type of brick for the chemical stabilization. Theuse of moulding press machine grants already the mechanical stabilization to these bricks. Proctor test has allowedto retain M1, M3 and M4 for searching the best values of the rate absorption of water by capillarity , the resistance in compression and the thermal conductivity of these bricks. The results of tests show bricks M3 with 10% of cement have the good values 21,23 g.cm-².min-1/2 of rate absorption, 3,82 MPa of resistance in compression and 0,5W.m-1.°K-1 as thermal conductivity.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Stabilised Soil Bricks"
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Latha, M. S. "Studies on Characteristics of Stabilized Soil Compacts for Structural Applications". Thesis, 2015. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/4502.
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Earth based construction materials are identified as green and low carbon materials. There are sustained R&D efforts in developing stabilised earth products for buildings and other structural applications. The thesis addresses some specific issues on the characteristics of stabilised soil compacts through an extensive experimental R&D work.
Details of three types of stabilised soil products, brief review of literature and scope of the thesis are presented in chapter 1. Chapter 2 is on investigations pertaining to influence of soil grading on the characteristics of cement stabilised soil compacts. Considering wide range of grain size distributions representing two broad soil groups (coarse- and fine-grained soils) influence of soil grading especially the clay size fraction in controlling the strength, durability and absorption characteristics of cement stabilised soil compacts and bricks were examined in greater detail. Optimum soil grading limits yielding maximum strength and the reasons for such behavior was investigated through the analysis of void ratio, surface area porosity and SEM imaging.The investigations showed that clay fraction of the soil mixture and the void ratio (density) of the compacted specimen play crucial role in influencing the characteristics of cement stabilised soil compacts.
Chapter 3 is focused on swell-Shrink characteristics of stabilised soil bricks, adobe bricks and rammed earth. Dimensional changes occurring during the manufacturing process of stabilised soil products were monitored considering the influence of cement content and moulding moisture content. Physical changes such as initial shrinkage, swelling and drying shrinkage occurring during manufacturing process was traced and mapped and the practical significance of the results are discussed.
The main focus of chapter 4 is on effect of aspect ratio of the masonry unit on apparent compressive strength of stabilised soil block and masonry. The anomalies in assessing the characteristic compressive strength of masonry unit while considering the geometrical parameters have been discussed. The shape modification correction factors provided in different codes of practice and reports indicate absence of any unique correction factor accounting for geometry of the masonry unit. Results of compressive strength tests on twelve geometrically different cement stabilised soil bricks/blocks were analyzed in deriving shape modification correction factors. A new definition for aspect ratio based on the surface area of the masonry unit has been proposed. A bi-linear relationship between shape modification correction factor and new aspect ratio has been derived for normalizing the compressive strength of stabilised soil brick/block.
Chapter 5 deals with status of clay minerals in the stabilised soil compacts. The study was aimed at ascertaining the presence of residual clay minerals in the cement and lime stabilised soil compacts. The investigations revealed that it is possible to retrieve a large percentage of natural clay minerals in cement stabilised soil products whereas in lime-stabilised soil products only a small fraction of the clay minerals can be retrieved, as the natural clay gets consumed in the lime-clay reactions. The thesis ends with a summary of the results with concluding remarks and scope for further investigations.
Książki na temat "Stabilised Soil Bricks"
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Office, International Labour, United Nations Industrial Development Organization. i World Employment Programme, red. Small-scale manufacture of stabilised soil blocks. Geneva: International Labour Office, 1987.
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Lake, Lancelot Ayo. Economic benefits of stabilized soil block technology in Sudan. Nairobi: UN-Habitat, 2012.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "Stabilised Soil Bricks"
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Singh, Mandeep, Kanwarpreet Singh i Abhishek Sharma. "Strength Characteristics of Clayey Soil Stabilized with Brick Kiln Dust and Sisal Fiber". W Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 927–36. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6557-8_75.
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Venkatarama Reddy, B. V., V. Nikhil i M. Nikhilash. "Moisture Transport in Cement Stabilised Soil Brick-Mortar Interface and Implications on Masonry Bond Strength". W Earthen Dwellings and Structures, 27–37. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-5883-8_3.
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Khandelwal, Rahul, J. Senthilnath, S. N. Omkar i Narendra Shivanath. "A Novel Multiobjective Optimization for Cement Stabilized Soft Soil based on Artificial Bee Colony". W Robotic Systems, 285–303. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1754-3.ch014.
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Cement is the most widely used additive in soft soil stabilization due to its high strength and availability. The cement content and curing time have a direct influence on the stabilization cost and hence it is prudent to minimize these variables to achieve optimality. Thus, it is a classical multi-objective optimization problem to find the optimum combination of cement content used and the curing time provided to achieve the target strength. This paper brings out the use of Vector Evaluated Artificial Bee Colony (VEABC) algorithm, a multi-objective variant of Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) technique, for the problem on hand. VEABC is a swarm intelligence algorithm, which employs multiple swarms to handle the multiple objectives and the information migration between these swarms ensures a global optimum solution is reached. Due to the stochastic nature of ABC algorithm, the resulting Pareto Curve will cover a good range of data with smooth transition. The Pareto fronts obtained for target strength could be used as calibration charts for scheduling the soft soil stabilization activities.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Stabilised Soil Bricks"
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Oladunmoye, O. M., J. O. Awofodu i L. O. Babatunde. "An Experimental Study of the Technical Properties and Compressive Strength of Laterite Bricks Stabilised with Cement and Wood Ash". W 27th iSTEAMS-ACity-IEEE International Conference. Society for Multidisciplinary and Advanced Research Techniques - Creative Research Publishers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22624/aims/isteams-2021/v27p24.
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An Experimental Study of the Technical Properties and Compressive Strength of Laterite Bricks Stabilised with Cement and Wood Ash 1Oladunmoye, O.M., 2Awofodu, J.O. & 3Babatunde, L.O. Department of Architecture, University of Ibadan, Ibadan. Department of Architecture, Lead City University Ibadan. Department of Architectural technology, Oke-ogun Polytechnic, Saki, Oyo State E-mails: .Bjarchimat15@gmail.com; Josephstone69@gmail.com ABSTRACT An experimental study was carried out in order to determine the compressive strength and technical properties of laterite bricks stabilized with cement, wood ash and sawdust. Cement stabilized compressed laterite bricks were tested. The compressive strength of lateritic soil based materials were determined. The objective of this paper is to determine the effect(s) of addition of cement and wood ash to lateritic soil brick on the compressive strength using four soil samples. The findings showed positive effect of the additives of cement and wood ash on increasing the compressive strength of the stabilized laterite bricks. The study showed that the optimum value for water absorption of wood ash stabilisation is at 10% C with 5% WA (19.09%) replacement and 15% C with 10% SD. The compressive strength of the different samples measured showed increase in the failure point of the brick with increase in percentage of cement and wood ash. Keywords: Technical Properties, Compressive Strength, Laterite Bricks , Cement and Wood Ash Proceedings Reference Format
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Abdallah, Rafik Isaam, Céline Perlot, Hélène Carré, Christian La Borderie i Haissam El Ghoche. "Fire Behavior of Raw Earth Bricks: Influence of Water Content and Cement Stabilization". W 4th International Conference on Bio-Based Building Materials. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/cta.1.792.
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This study focus on the effects of both water content and cement stabilization on the fire behavior of earth bricks. To observe the effect of cement stabilization, two materials are formulated: raw earth with only soil and water, and stabilized bricks with soil, water and cement (3.5% by mass of soil). Since the material’s mechanical strength can strongly influence its fire behavior, the raw bricks were compacted at 50 MPa to reach a compressive strength similar to the one of stabilized bricks. Four different water contents were tested; dry state obtained with oven drying and three others achieved through equalization at 50%, 75% and 100% of relative humidities. Bricks are then subjected to an ISO 834-1 standard fire. Results show that water content has caused a thermal instability behavior on the raw earth bricks after equalization at 50% and 75% relative humidities. Thermally stable bricks displayed a noticeable diffusion of cracks on their heated face. Furthermore, cement stabilization helps to prevent from thermal instabilities.
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Ben Giuma, Laila Houd, i Muna Hassan Bek. "MICROSTRUCTURE, MINERALOGY AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF KAOLIN & METAKAOLIN GEOPOLYMERS USED FOR SOLIDIFICATION AND STABILIZATION OF OIL AND GAS DRILLING WASTE OPERATIONS". W 22nd International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s06.32.
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The production of oil and gas includes drilling a number of wells for exploration or production activities. During drilling operations, large volumes of drilling fluids are used to facilitate the process. In Libya, after completion of drilling operations drill cuttings and waste drilling fluids are typically discharged close to the oil fields without treatment. This can result in negative ecological impacts on the surrounding environment e.g. through infiltration of toxic constituents into soils and underground waters. In this work, the sustainable approaches were examined to test their suitability for use in Libyan Desert. The solidification/ stabilisation of drilling waste via geopolymerisation approach was tested using natural kaolin clay. The ability of the geopolymers to stabilise drilling waste by immobilising heavy metals and encapsulating hydrocarbons was evaluated through systematic experiments employing both macro properties and microstructure studies to assess: (i) the transformation of raw materials into cementitious materials; (ii) changes in physical and mechanical properties, (iii) the role of additives in enhancing the degree of geopolymerisation (iv) the leachability of solidified wastegeopolymers produced. The research has resulted in a number of key conclusions related to the feasibility of using Kaolin based geopolymers to stabilise the drilling waste generated from oil and gas industry in Libya. It is found that (S/S) systems composed from kaolin-waste geopolymer able to reduce the contaminants leachability by both physical (adsorption or encapsulation) and chemical (fixation) means, and it is possible to use Kaolin as a sustainable alternative for Portland cement in S/S system to convert the hazardous waste into inert or nonreactive hazardous waste acceptable for selected in-situ environmental engineering applications. The solidified geopolymer matrix found adequate to the requirements of sustainable waste management options such as safe landfill, reuse and recycle in the place of the generation which offering a sustainable, cost-effective approach that brings environmental and economic benefits.