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Latha, M. S., i Byrasandra Venkataramanappa Venkatarama Reddy. "Swell–shrink properties of stabilised earth products". Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Construction Materials 170, nr 1 (luty 2017): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jcoma.15.00031.
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Preethi, R. K., i B. V. Venkatarama Reddy. "Experimental investigations on geopolymer stabilised compressed earth products". Construction and Building Materials 257 (październik 2020): 119563. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.119563.
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Narayanaswamy, Abhilash Holur, Peter Walker, B. V. Venkatarama Reddy, Andrew Heath i Daniel Maskell. "Mechanical and thermal properties, and comparative life-cycle impacts, of stabilised earth building products". Construction and Building Materials 243 (maj 2020): 118096. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118096.
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Meek, Alexandra H., Mohamed Elchalakani, Christopher T. S. Beckett i Timothy Grant. "Alternative stabilised rammed earth materials incorporating recycled waste and industrial by-products: Life cycle assessment". Construction and Building Materials 267 (styczeń 2021): 120997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120997.
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Meek, Alexandra H., Christopher T. S. Beckett i Mohamed Elchalakani. "Alternative stabilised rammed earth materials incorporating recycled waste and industrial by-products: Durability with and without water repellent". Construction and Building Materials 265 (grudzień 2020): 120629. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120629.
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Meek, Alexandra H., Mohamed Elchalakani, Christopher T. S. Beckett i Minhao Dong. "Alternative stabilised rammed earth materials incorporating recycled waste and industrial by-products: A study of mechanical properties, flexure and bond strength". Construction and Building Materials 277 (marzec 2021): 122303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.122303.
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Santos de Oliveira, Leandro, Normando Perazzo Barbosa, Fabiana Silva Santos i Carlos Maviael de Carvalho. "Stabilization of Raw Earth through Alkaline Activation". Key Engineering Materials 600 (marzec 2014): 215–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.600.215.
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Stabilization is important in earthen construction in order to improve mechanical strength, volumetric stability, workability and even ductility. Currently, the products used to stabilize the earth are lime, Portland cement and bitumen emulsions. Due to the environmental problems that the mankind faces nowadays, the use of earthen construction is increasing. Adobe is the most traditional type of block used in masonry. To improve strength against water, a new way to stabilize this kind of unburned earth block is proposed by the alkaline activation of earth. This paper presents the first results about the experimentation made in the stabilization of soil with alkali activator. Two cure temperatures were tested: room temperature and oven at 50°C. The amounts of stabilizer used were 3% and 6% activator by mass of earth. Results show that it is possible for adobe blocks to be resistant to water action using the alkaline activation.
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Guo, Yu, Yu Lin Zhang, Qian Lin Chen i Cheng Bing Fu. "Preparation and Research of the Multifunctional Heat Stabilizer with Rare Earth Used in PVC Products". Advanced Materials Research 652-654 (styczeń 2013): 470–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.652-654.470.
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In this paper, a new heat stabilizer was prepared, which has shown not only excellence thermal stability, but also shown obvious oxidation resistance and anti-aging properties. This multifunctional heat stabilizer was prepared by organic acid, rare earth and thiourea. The lauric acid as best stuff was chosen from some normal fatty acid and lanthanum nitrate as most potent rare earth was picked up too. Using these raw materials, the best heat stabilizer was synthesized under this conditions of synthesizing at 80°C, reacting 40min, adding 1.0mol/L sodium-hydroxide for keeping PH at 8 and making certain the amount of raw material(lauric acid : thiourea : lanthanum nitrate) at the proportion as 4∶1∶1. The thermal stability was examined by the change time of Congo red, and the result proved this heat stabilizer having good thermal stability for up this time to 40min. When this rare earth stabilizer was joined into PVC, the PVC can keep its color not changing during 48h under ultraviolet radiation, and the tensile strength and elongation at break of the PVC added rare stabilizer changed more little under ultraviolet radiation compared with the traditional heat stabilizer system. So this rare earth heat stabilizer acting as a good heat stabilizer, anti-oxidant and anti-aging agent is a new multifunctional heat stabilizer.
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Malkanthi, S. N. "An Innovative Approach to Produce Soil-Based Building Products". Bolgoda Plains 01, nr 01 (październik 2021): 58–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/bprm.2021.17.
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Soil has been used as a building material in different forms, such as mud, adobe, rammed earth, and bricks. Compressed Stabilized Earth Block (CSEB), a form of soil blocks with different additives including cement, fly ash, and lime, is a sustainable building material with many advantages compared to other conventional building materials. The usual practice of past researchers in producing CSEB was to add different materials like sand to the soil to control its clay and silt (finer) content. A high level of finer content is not desirable when it comes to the strength and durability of CSEB. This study proposes to reduce/ extract the finer content in the soil by washing it using a conventional concrete mixing machine.
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McGuire, Jake, Bradley Wilson, James McAllister, Haralampos N. Miras, Claire Wilson, Stephen Sproules i Joy H. Farnaby. "Molecular and electronic structure of the dithiooxalato radical ligand stabilised by rare earth coordination". Dalton Transactions 48, nr 17 (2019): 5491–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9dt00688e.
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Tchakalova, Boriana, i Tzvetoslav Iliev. "Scanning electron microscopy investigation of loess soil stabilized with cement and natural zeolite". Geologica Balcanica 51, nr 1 (kwiecień 2022): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.52321/geolbalc.51.1.15.
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Zeolite and Portland cement have been used to stabilize a loess soil from the region of Kozloduy (North Bulgaria). This paper examines the microstructural behavior of cement–zeolite treated loess soil without compaction at water content higher than optimum. Scanning electron microscopy and semi-quantitative energy dispersive spectroscopy analyses on stabilized loess were carried out after various curing periods. The identification of the formation of cementitious products in treated loess soil was conducted by SEM–EDS spectral analysis. Based on the study of the microstructural development, it was found that the modified loess microstructure undergoes significant modifications during the observed period.
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Davis-Gilbert, Zachary W., i Ian A. Tonks. "Titanium redox catalysis: insights and applications of an earth-abundant base metal". Dalton Transactions 46, nr 35 (2017): 11522–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7dt02319g.
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π-Acid ancillary ligands, reactants, or products can stabilize reactive low valent Ti intermediates through backbonding, and present opportunities for the development of vast new classes of Ti-catalyzed redox reactions with practical applications.
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Rao, S. Narasimha, i G. Rajasekaran. "Reaction Products Formed in Lime-Stabilized Marine Clays". Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 122, nr 5 (maj 1996): 329–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9410(1996)122:5(329).
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Curto, Yannic, Marcus Koch i Guido Kickelbick. "Chemical and Structural Comparison of Different Commercial Food Supplements for Silicon Uptake". Solids 4, nr 1 (3.01.2023): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/solids4010001.
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Various food supplements for silicon uptake were compared in terms of their structures and chemical compositions. In particular, we analyzed the silanol group content, which can be an indicator of the uptake of the siliceous species in the human body. We analyzed the commercial products Original Silicea Balsam®, Flügge Siliceous Earth Powder, Pure Colloidal Silicon, and BioSil® by applying various methods such as FTIR, 29Si NMR, and TGA. The Si-OH group content of the samples containing pure silica was the highest for the Original Silicea Balsam followed by the Pure Colloidal Silicon. The siliceous earth powder revealed the lowest content of such groups and the densest structure. BioSil® contained a considerable concentration of organic molecules that stabilized orthosilicic acid. The study may help to understand the silicon uptake behavior of different food supplements depending on their chemical structure.
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Wang, Yanghua. "Inverse Q -filter for seismic resolution enhancement". GEOPHYSICS 71, nr 3 (maj 2006): V51—V60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2192912.
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A principal limitation on seismic resolution is the earth attenuation, or [Formula: see text]-effect, including the energy dissipation of high-frequency wave components and the velocity dispersion that distorts seismic wavelets. An inverse [Formula: see text]-filtering procedure attempts to remove the [Formula: see text]-effect to produce high-resolution seismic data, but some existing methods either reduce the S/N ratio, which limits spatial resolution, or generate an illusory high-resolution wavelet that contains no more subsurface information than the original low-resolution data. In this paper, seismic inverse [Formula: see text]-filtering is implemented in a stabilized manner to produce high-quality data in terms of resolution and S/N ratio. Stabilization is applied to only the amplitude compensation operator of a full inverse [Formula: see text]-filter because its phase operator is unconditionally stable, but the scheme neither amplifies nor suppresses high frequencies at late times where the data contain mostly ambient noise. The latter property makes the process invertible, differentiating from some conventional stabilized inverse schemes that tend to suppress high frequencies at late times. The stabilized inverse [Formula: see text]-filter works for a general earth [Formula: see text]-model, variable with depth or traveltime, and is more accurate than a layered approach, which involves an approximation to the amplitude operator. Because the earth [Formula: see text]-model can now be defined accurately, instead of a constant-[Formula: see text] layered structure, the accuracy of the inverse [Formula: see text]-filter is much higher than for a layered approach, even when implemented in the Gabor transform domain. For the stabilization factor, an empirical relation is proposed to link it to a user-specified gain limit, as in an explicit gain-controlling scheme. Synthetic and real data exam-ples demonstrate that the stabilized inverse [Formula: see text]-filter corrects the wavelet distortion in terms of shape and timing, compensates for energy loss without boosting ambient noise, and produces desirable seismic images with high resolution and high S/N ratio.
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Tsymbarenko, D. M., D. I. Grebenyuk, M. A. Burlakova i A. S. Shurkina. "Tetranuclear Hydroxo Complexes of Rare-Earth Elements with the Cubane Core as Products of Self-Controlled Hydrolysis". Russian Journal of Coordination Chemistry 48, nr 3 (marzec 2022): 164–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1070328422030058.
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Abstract Tetranuclear hydroxo complexes [La4(Deta)4(OH)4(Tfa)3(DetadcH)2](HTfa)(H2O)7(Tfa)3 (I) and [Nd4(Deta)4(OH)4(Tfa)3(DetadcH)2](H2O)n(Tfa)3 (II) with diethylene-N,N′-dicarbamate anions (DetadcH–) are synthesized for the first time by the reactions of lanthanum trifluoroacetate and neodymium trifluoroacetate with a solution of diethylenetriamine (Deta) in air under the self-controlled hydrolysis conditions and are characterized by X-ray diffraction, powder X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. Compounds I and II contain the same-type complex cationic fragment with the cubane metal–oxygen core stabilized due to four chelate Deta ligands and two bridging DetadcH– ligands. The DFT calculations of the geometry and vibrational spectrum of the [La4(Deta)4(OH)4(Tfa)3(DetadcH)2]3+ complex cation are performed.
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He, Miao, Shi Yu Du i De Jun Wang. "RETRACTED: First-Principles Study of Advanced Nuclear Materials: Defect Behavior and Fission Products in U-Si System". Key Engineering Materials 753 (sierpień 2017): 134–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.753.134.
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Uranium silicides are envisaged as potential nuclear materials for the next generation. U3Si is featured by the high actinide density and the better thermal conductivity relative to UO2. To properly and safely utilize nuclear materials, it is crucial to understand their chemical and physical properties. First-principles in theory is mostly used to analyze the point defect structures for uranium silicides nuclear fuels. The lattice parameters of U3Si and USi2 are calculated and the stability of different types of point defects are predicted by their formation energies. The results show that silicon vacancies are more prone to be produced than uranium vacancies in β-USi2 matrix. The most favorable sites of fission products are determined in this work as well. According to the current data, rare earth elements cerium and neodymium are found to be more stable than alkaline earth metals strontium and barium in a given nuclear matrix. It is also determined that in USi2 crystal lattice fission products tend to be stabilized in uranium substitution sites, while they are likely to form precipitates from the U3Si matrix. It is expected that this work may provide new insight into the mechanism for structural evolutions of silicide nuclear materials in a reactor as well as to provide valuable clues for fuel designers.
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Vignola, M., D. Bosia, R. Pennacchio i M. Zerbinatti. "MORTARS AND PLASTERS PRODUCED WITH EARTH-BASED SUSTAINABLE MIXES: A METHODOLOGY PROPOSAL FOR RECOVERY OF VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE IN ROERO, PIEDMONT (ITALY)". ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIV-M-1-2020 (24.07.2020): 1049–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-m-1-2020-1049-2020.
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Abstract. The work presented is the achievement of a master degree project, developed at Politecnico di Torino. The paper aims to provide standards for the formulation and mixing of earth-based mortars, for the rehabilitation of historic buildings of the Roero area, in Piemonte region. Roero presents a large architectural heritage, consisting mainly of fired or earth bricks rural and residential buildings, which was anciently protected using lime or earth-based plasters perfectly integrated with local landscape and environment colours appearance. In recent decades (and still to present days), vernacular plasters are frequently replaced by cement-based products, resulting hardly compatible with local bearing walls materials and landscape aesthetic features. While Roero traditional buildings plasters were produced using local earth and sands coming from streams, today, aggregates extraction in watercourses proximity is not allowed, or strictly regulated by rules and regional regulations. The paper presents a classification of the characteristics of different soils from Roero area, through different types of particle distribution size analysis and diffractometric tests, and propose a method for the production of local earth-based plasters stabilized with lime, making use of earth and rocks from local excavation sites, considered in Italy as secondary raw materials or special waste. Produced plasters compressive and bending strength have been tested, while their suitability for building maintenance and restoration, as their compatibility with Roero architecture and landscape, have been verified through spectrophotometric measures.
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Dietz, N. L., i D. D. Keiser. "TEM Analysis of Corrosion Products From a Radioactive Stainless Steel-based Alloy". Microscopy and Microanalysis 6, S2 (sierpień 2000): 368–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600034334.
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Argonne National Laboratory has developed an electrometallurgical treatment process for metallic spent nuclear fuel from the Experimental Breeder Reactor-II. This process stabilizes metallic sodium and separates usable uranium from fission products and transuranic elements that are contained in the fuel. The fission products and other waste constituents are placed into two waste forms: a ceramic waste form that contains the transuranic elements and active fission products such as Cs, Sr, I and the rare earth elements, and a metal alloy waste form composed primarily of stainless steel (SS), from claddings hulls and reactor hardware, and ∼15 wt.% Zr (from the U-Zr and U-Pu-Zr alloy fuels). The metal waste form (MWF) also contains noble metal fission products (Tc, Nb, Ru, Rh, Te, Ag, Pd, Mo) and minor amounts of actinides. Both waste forms are intended for eventual disposal in a geologic repository.
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Vasyukova, Anna, Konstantin Krivoshonok i YUriy Sidoryenko. "Biogenic amines in fish semi-finished products and culinary products". Fisheries 2022, nr 1 (14.02.2022): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.37663/0131-6184-2022-1-95-102.
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The purpose of scientific research was to form the taste and aroma of fish semi-finished products and culinary products. The objects of research in the development of the formulation and technology of model minced fish were: pollock, onion, eggs, milk or water, and powdered products were used as a biologically active additive: flour from buckwheat, corn, rice, wheat, amaranth, almonds, flax, chickpeas, spirulina and dill for cooking cutlets. Combinations of basic raw materials and additives were selected by the method of experiment planning. This made it possible to create a product that best meets the needs of the child's body in terms of nutritional value and calorie content. Butter was used as a plasticizing additive. The use of additives of plant origin makes it possible to stabilize the functional and technological properties of raw materials, increase the biological value, emphasize the organoleptic characteristics of finished products, reduce the content of biogenic amines in semi-finished products and dishes.
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Xiao, Fusheng, Wentao Hu, Jianqi Zhao i Hongmin Zhu. "Technologies of Recycling REEs and Iron from NdFeB Scrap". Metals 13, nr 4 (16.04.2023): 779. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met13040779.
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In recent years, under the background of global low-carbon development, the production of NdFeB magnets has increased dramatically. With the end of magnet life, a large number of discarded products will be produced in the future. At the same time, 6–73% of industrial waste will be produced in the manufacturing process of magnets. The rare earth content (about 30 wt.%) of these magnet scraps is generally higher than that of raw ore, and the recovery of rare earth elements from them helps to stabilize the global rare earth supply chain. In addition, NdFeB scrap contains about 70 wt.% of iron, which is currently unable to be utilized with high added value. If iron can be recycled based on recycling rare earth elements, it is expected to realize the full component recycling of NdFeB waste and reduce the full life cycle environmental load of NdFeB products. This paper summarizes the properties, recycling potential, and existing recycling technologies of NdFeB waste, and it summarizes the principles, advantages, and disadvantages of various recycling methods, such as direct reuse, pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, and electrochemistry. Among them, the electrochemical recovery method was emphatically reviewed as a newly proposed method. On this basis, the future development direction of NdFeB waste recycling has been prospected, and the research idea of avoiding the shortcomings of various recycling methods through the combined process is proposed. It is proposed that low environmental hazards, low energy consumption, and a closed-loop process are the main goals to be achieved in the recycling process.
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Fei, Yingheng, Jian Hua, Chengshuai Liu, Fangbai Li, Zhenke Zhu, Tangfu Xiao, Manjia Chen, Ting Gao, Zhiqi Wei i Likai Hao. "Aqueous Fe(II)-Induced Phase Transformation of Ferrihydrite Coupled Adsorption/Immobilization of Rare Earth Elements". Minerals 8, nr 8 (18.08.2018): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min8080357.
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The phase transformation of iron minerals induced by aqueous Fe(II) (Fe(II)aq) is a critical geochemical reaction which greatly affects the geochemical behavior of soil elements. How the geochemical behavior of rare earth elements (REEs) is affected by the Fe(II)aq-induced phase transformation of iron minerals, however, is still unknown. The present study investigated the adsorption and immobilization of REEs during the Fe(II)aq-induced phase transformation of ferrihydrite. The results show that the heavy REEs of Ho(III) were more efficiently adsorbed and stabilized compared with the light REEs of La(III) by ferrihydrite and its transformation products, which was due to the higher adsorptive affinity and smaller atomic radius of Ho(III). Both La(III) and Ho(III) inhibited the Fe atom exchange between Fe(II)aq and ferrihydrite, and sequentially, the Fe(II)aq-induced phase transformation rates of ferrihydrite, because of the competitive adsorption with Fe(II)aq on the surface of iron (hydr)oxides. Owing to the larger amounts of adsorbed and stabilized Ho(III), the inhibition of the Fe(II)aq-induced phase transformation of ferrihydrite affected by Ho(III) was higher than that by La(III). Our findings suggest an important role for the Fe(II)aq-induced phase transformation of iron (hydr)oxides in assessing the mobility and transfer behavior of REEs, as well as for their occurrence in earth surface environments.
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Lecomte, Gisèle L., A. Wattiaux i G. Lecomte. "Comparative Study of the Consolidation Process and Properties of Clay Based Geomaterials and “Geomimetic” Lateritic Clay Based Materials". Advances in Science and Technology 69 (październik 2010): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.69.107.
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The present work focuses on the elaboration of low energy consuming materials and the correlation between their final properties and the fabrication route. For this purpose, geomaterials have been elaborate using a common raw clay material. Also an original route has been developed to elaborate “geomimetic” materials. The raw material consists of lateritic clay, whereas the main reactives are namely: nitric acid, fulvic acid, and calcium hydroxide in an aqueous medium. In both materials, the strengthening process and the final characteristics of the as obtained products have been investigated. Namely: the characteristic compressive strength and the resistance to water seeping and wearing. The geomaterials exhibit a good resistance towards water seeping and wearing, but the products obtained using Portland cement present a greater characteristic compressive strength than with lime. “Geomimetic” materials are also water resistant. In fact, the products elaborated using nitric acid exhibit the best characteristic compressive strength, namely 20 MPa. While with fulvic acid, an environmental friendly organic acid, a characteristic compressive strength of 12 MPa is obtained. Thus the latter appears competitive towards usual stabilized earth and concrete building materials.
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Wang, Yanghua. "Inverse- Q filtered migration". GEOPHYSICS 73, nr 1 (styczeń 2008): S1—S6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2806924.
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An inverse-[Formula: see text] filtered migration algorithm performs seismic migration and inverse-[Formula: see text] filtering simultaneously, in which the latter compensates for the amplitudes and corrects the phase distortions resulting from the earth attenuation effect. However, the amplitudes of high-frequency components grow rapidly in the extrapolation procedure, so numerical instability is a concern when including the inverse-[Formula: see text] filter in the migration. The instability for each frequency component is independent of data and is affected only by migration models. The stabilization problem may be treated separately from the wavefield-extrapolation scheme. The proposed strategy is to construct supersedent of attenuation coefficients, based on given velocity and [Formula: see text] models, before performing wavefield extrapolation in the space-frequency domain. This stabilized algorithm for inverse-[Formula: see text] filtered migration is applicable to subsurface media with vertical and lateral variations in velocity and [Formula: see text] functions. It produces a seismic image with enhanced resolution and corrected timing, comparable to an ideal image without the earth attenuation effect.
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Wang, Hongpo, Peng Yu, Silu Jiang i Yu Wang. "Effect of Heterogeneous Nucleation on Removal of Arsenic from Molten Steel by Rare Earth Addition". Metals 10, nr 5 (20.05.2020): 664. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10050664.
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Cleanliness control is an eternal theme to improve the properties of steel products. With the increasing recycling rates of scrap steel, the removal and stabilization of residual elements have become a vital issue for improving the performance of steel products. Thermodynamic and mismatch calculations plus laboratory experiments were carried out to study the heterogeneous nucleation phenomena of inclusions when lanthanum was employed to remove arsenic from molten steel and stabilize arsenic in solid steel. The effect of heterogeneous nucleation on the mechanism of arsenic removal was discussed. A series of heterogeneous nucleation phenomena of inclusions in the La-O-S-As system were discovered, and the heterogeneous nucleation among the inclusions turned out to be selective. As the vital product of arsenic removal, La-S-As is most likely to generate with LaS as heterogeneous nucleation cores, and its possible chemical formula turned out to be 3LaS⸱LaAs. Sulfur plays an essential role in removing arsenic from molten steel by adding lanthanum. It needs to control the initial sulfur content in an appropriate range, because the high initial content causes too much loss of rare earth, and the low initial content cannot produce LaS and La-S-As.
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Savinkov, Sergey V., Vladimir M. Kiselev i Sergei A. Filin. "ANALYSIS OF GLOBAL AND DOMESTIC PRICES OF RUSSIAN CHEMICAL PRODUCTS IN 2022". EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 1/5, nr 133 (2023): 151–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2023.01.05.018.
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The article provides an analysis of the world and domestic prices of chemical products of the Russian Federation by the results of 2022. During the study period, there was a significant fluctuation in prices on the domestic and world markets for almost all products of the chemical complex. The greatest growth occurred in April – May 2022, after which prices began to gradually decrease and stabilized by September – October. It is shown that the most expensive products of the chemical complex are insecticides and herbicides, and some household chemicals and synthetic detergents are the cheapest.
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Bathurst, Richard J., Fahimeh M. Naftchali i Reza Jamshidi Chenari. "The role of geosynthetic stiffness in soil reinforcement applications". E3S Web of Conferences 368 (2023): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202336801002.
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Most often the focus on the mechanical contribution of reinforcement geosynthetics in soil reinforcement applications has been on the strength of the material. In fact, under operational conditions the performance of these systems is controlled by the stiffness of the geosynthetic, not its strength. An appreciation of the role of geosynthetic stiffness in soil reinforcement applications is complicated by the rate-dependency of many products which means that their load-strain properties are time-, strain- and temperature-dependent. This paper describes the quantification of these properties using a simple isochronous load-strain model with properties fitted from laboratory creep testing. The implementation of the model and its consequences on the quantitative performance of mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) wall loads and deformations, reinforced fills over voids, and a thin reinforced granular base over a soft clay foundation are demonstrated.
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Møller, Ingelise, Bo H. Jacobsen i Niels B. Christensen. "Rapid inversion of 2-D geoelectrical data by multichannel deconvolution". GEOPHYSICS 66, nr 3 (maj 2001): 800–808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1444969.
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Modern geoelectrical data acquisition systems can record more than 100 000 data values per field day. Despite the growth in computer power and the development of more efficient numerical algorithms, interpreting such data volumes remains a nontrivial computational task. We present a 2-D one‐pass inversion procedure formulated as a multichannel deconvolution. It is based on the equation for the electrical potential linearized under the Born approximation, and it makes use of the 2-D form of the Fréchet derivatives evaluated for the homogeneous half‐space. The inversion is formulated in the wavenumber domain so that the 2-D spatial problem decouples into many small 1-D problems. The resulting multichannel deconvolution algorithm is very fast and memory efficient. The inversion scheme is stabilized through covariance matrices representing the stochastic properties of the earth resistivity and data errors. The earth resistivity distribution is assumed to have the statistical characteristics of a two‐parameter, self‐affine fractal. The local apparent amplitude and fractal dimension of the earth resistivity are estimated directly from geoelectrical observations. A nonlinearity error covariance matrix is added to the conventional measurement error covariance matrix. The stochastic model for the dependence of nonlinearity error on electrode configuration as well as resistivity amplitude and fractal dimension is determined pragmatically through nonlinear simulation experiments. Tests on synthetic examples and field cases including well control support the conclusion that for long data profiles this method automatically produces linearized resistivity estimates which faithfully resolve the main model features.
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Nshimiyimana, Philbert, Adamah Messan i Luc Courard. "Physico-Mechanical and Hygro-Thermal Properties of Compressed Earth Blocks Stabilized with Industrial and Agro By-Product Binders". Materials 13, nr 17 (26.08.2020): 3769. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13173769.
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This study investigated the engineering properties of compressed earth blocks (CEBs) stabilized with by-product binders: calcium carbide residue (CCR) and rice husk ash (RHA). The dry mixtures were prepared using the earthen material and 0–25 wt% CCR, firstly, and 20 wt% CCR partially substituted by the RHA (CCR:RHA in 20:0–12:8 ratios), secondly. The appropriate amount of water was thoroughly mixed with the dry mixtures. The moistened mixtures were manually compressed into CEBs, cured, dried, and tested. The stabilization of CEBs with CCR increased the dry compressive strength (CS) from 1.1 MPa with 0% CCR to 4.3 MPa with 10% CCR and above; decreased the bulk density (ρb: 1800–1475 kg/m3) and increased the total porosity (TP:35–45%). This resulted in the improvement of the coefficient of structural efficiency (CSE: 610–3050 Pa∙m3/kg). It also improved the thermal efficiency given the decrease of the thermal conductivity (λ: 1.02–0.69 W/m∙K), thermal diffusivity (a: 6.3 × 10−7 to 4.7 × 10−7 m2/s) and thermal penetration depth (δp: 0.13–0.11 m). The RHA further improved the CS up to 7 MPa, reaching the optimum with 16:4 CCR:RHA (ρb: 1575 kg/m3 and TP: 40%). The latter reached higher CSE (4460 Pa∙m3/kg) than cement stabilized CEBs (3540 Pa∙m3/kg). It reached lower λ (0.64 w/m∙K), a (4.1 × 10−7 m2/s) and δp (0.11 m) than cement CEBs (1.01 w/m∙K, 6.8 × 10−7 m2/s, and 0.14 m). Additionally, the stabilization of CEBs with by-products improved the moisture sorption capacity. The improvement of the structural and thermal efficiency of CEBs by the stabilization with by-product binders is beneficial for load-bearing capacity and thermal performances in multi-storey buildings.
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Abdel Hadi, Nafeth Abdel Rahman M. "Stabilization of the phosphatic wastes using high calcium ash in Jordan". Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 35, nr 11 (listopad 2008): 1193–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l08-075.
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A significant amount of phosphatic waste and phosphatic overburden soils are stockpiled in the Al-Rusaifa area of Jordan. Research was completed on stabilizing this waste by mixing it with limy ash that was produced by the direct combustion of bituminous limestone. Doing so minimizes the environmental impact of the huge amount of phosphatic waste, and produces a product that can be used in various construction projects like earth works, pavement works, production of masonry blocks and curbstones. A variety of laboratory tests were completed to determine the suitability of the stabilized waste for these different uses. The S2 ash was produced by the direct combustion of bituminous limestone at 950 °C while the S3 ash was produced at 525 °C. Tests showed that the unconfined compressive strength of the parent phosphatic waste was raised from 1.5 kg/cm2 to 28.8 kg/cm2 for the S2 and to 22.4 kg/cm2 for the S3 ash treated samples. The new results were obtained despite a decrease in the maximum dry density to 1.47 g/cm3 when compared to 1.89 g/cm3 of the original untreated phosphatic waste. The soaked California bearing ratio was raised from 2.4% to 120%. The tests confirmed the suitability of the stabilized waste for a variety of construction applications.
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Bishweka, Cherif, Marcelline Blanche Manjia, Francois Ngapgue i Chrispin Pettang. "CHARACTERIZATION OF LATERITIC SOILS FOR USE IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COMPRESSED EARTH BLOCKS (CEB)". International Journal of Advanced Research 9, nr 08 (31.08.2021): 768–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/13325.
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Soil is a widespread natural resource. It comes from the degradation of the mother rock, following the phenomenon of climatic and chemical erosion. Therefore, all soils have very different characteristics depending on their origin [1,2]. Today it is estimated that more than one third of the worlds population lives in earthen housing [3]. In view of the advantages offered by the earth material, several developing countries have adopted the raw earth construction in order to face the housing crisis that is intensifying nowadays. Among the advantages of raw earth, we can highlight the low energy required for its implementation, its aesthetic qualities and good thermal inertia, which allows a cool habitat in summer and retains heat in winter. But the problem with earthen constructions is that they suffer from a lack of resistance, systematic cracking due to shrinkage and problems related to their sensitivity to water [4]. From ancient times to the present day, man has sought to avoid the disadvantages of the earth material, using several means of stabilization to improve its performance and its sensitivity to water, which has given rise to several earth products: adobe, adobe, cob, compressed earth block (CEB) and others. Stabilizing the earth is to give it the properties reversible against physical stresses [5], it is currently confirmed that the stabilization of CEB by binders and bitumen improves their mechanical resistance and insensitivity to water [6]. Thus, scientific studies have been conducted on the stabilization of raw earth by mineral binders (cement and lime) for the most part [7] and by fibers (animal, vegetable and synthetic). However, the use of these mineral binders in high proportions may call into question the ecological character of the material [8]. The knowledge of the physical characteristics of lateritic soils is very important for their better use in the manufacture of compressed and stabilized earth blocks. Some social strata for the manufacture of CEB use lateritic soils without control of their physical characteristics, which leads to consequences such as progressive crumbling of walls, cracks, poor performance of plasters, and discouragement of the use of the said technology. In this study we intend to compile the most reliable experimental data on the physical properties of natural earth and the mechanical properties of CEB. We will take inventory of the performances determined in previous works by several research teams regarding the characterization and stabilization of lateritic soils to be used in the manufacture of CEB. We will give an overview of the state of knowledge concerning the different properties (physical, mechanical and hygrometric properties). Finally, a literature review will also give some orientations for future scientific research.
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Bakin, I. V., A. N. Shapovalov, A. V. Kalyaskin i M. S. Kuznetsov. "Impact of barium and strontium on calcium recovery level in ladle treatment of steel by complex modifiers with alkaline-earth metals". Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 66, nr 1 (1.03.2023): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2023-1-97-104.
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Increasingly rigid requirements in terms of the steel products quality are forcing the technical experts of metallurgical production to look for new solutions to stabilize the steel quality. Much attention is paid to ladle treatment technologies and selection well-minded composition of modifiers, which makes it possible to reduce steel contamination by non-metallic inclusions. To solve this problem, complex modifiers containing both calcium and other alkaline-earth metals (barium and strontium) are used. The paper presents the results of the pilot scale tests of steel ladle treatment by complex modifiers with alkaline-earth metals (Si, Ca, Ba) in steel production with increased requirements to non-metallic inclusions in conditions of electric furnace steelmaking shop of JSC “Ural Steel”. During experimental work it was possible to reduce the maximum contamination score profile rolled steel from pipe steel grades for brittle silicates (GOST 1778) from 4.0 to 1.5 – 2.5, for non-deforming silicates from 4.0 to 3.0 – 3.5. The substitution of SK40 grade silicocalcium for experimental modifiers led to an improvement in the strength properties of rolled products, both in tensile tests and in impact bending tests at low temperatures. The indicated impact was observed in all variants of consumption the experimental master alloys. It is noted that with an increasing in the consumption of master alloys, the positive effect on the steel mechanical properties enhanced. It was established that the replacement of silicocalcium with experimental variants of master alloys made it possible to increase the calcium recovery by an average of 1.6 times when using Si – Ca – Ba, and by an average of 2.4 times when using Si – Ca – Ba – Sr. The use of complex modifiers made it possible to obtain the target value of residual calcium in the sample at significantly lower calcium consumption.
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Lee, Wei-Hao, Ta-Wui Cheng, Kuan-Yu Lin, Kae-Long Lin, Chia-Cheng Wu i Chih-Ta Tsai. "Geopolymer Technologies for Stabilization of Basic Oxygen Furnace Slags and Sustainable Application as Construction Materials". Sustainability 12, nr 12 (18.06.2020): 5002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12125002.
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The basic oxygen furnace slag is a major waste by-product generated from steel-producing plants. It possesses excellent characteristics and can be used as a natural aggregate. Chemically, the basic oxygen furnace slag encloses free CaO and free MgO, which is the main reason for the expansion crisis since these free oxides of alkaline earth metals react with water to form their hydroxide yields. The objective of the present research study is to stabilize the basic oxygen furnace slag by using innovative geopolymer technology, as their matrix contains a vast quantity of free silicon, which can react with free CaO and free MgO to form stable silicate compounds resulting in the prevention of the basic oxygen furnace slag expansion predicament. Lab-scale and ready-mixed plant pilot-scale experimental findings revealed that the compressive strength of fine basic oxygen furnace slag-based geopolymer mortar can achieve a compressive strength of 30–40 MPa after 28 days, and increased compressive strength, as well as the expansion, can be controlled less than 0.5% after ASTM C151 autoclave testing. Several pilot-scale cubic meters basic oxygen furnace slag-based geopolymer concrete blocks were developed in a ready-mixed plant. The compressive strength and autoclave expansion test results demonstrated that geopolymer technology does not merely stabilize the basic oxygen furnace slag production issue totally, but also turns the slags into value-added products.
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Kamadi Subhadra and Dr. Ch Bhavannarayana. "Influence of Spent Bleaching Earth and Misspend Cement on Shear Strength Behaviour of Unsaturated Clays". International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology, nr 8 (9.08.2020): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.46501/ijmtst060823.
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Expansive clay is a major source of undulations induced in any type of structures. Swelling of expansive soils causes serious problems and produces harm to many structures. Many research organizations are doing extensive work on waste materials concerning the viability and environmental suitability. Spent bleaching earth and misspend cement are waste derivatives from oil industry and cement warehouse. To avoid dumping problem and storage problems, it is the best method technique applied in expansive soils. Attempts are made to investigate the stabilization process identified in unconfined compressive strength and tri-axial compressive strength.Stability of any structure depends on strength properties of underground soil on which it is constructed. Structures basically transfer all the loads come on itself directly to the ground. If the underlying soil is not stable enough to support transferred loads then various types of failure occur such as settlement of the structure, cracks and so on. To solve this issue, soil improvement is necessary because it not only lowers the construction cost but also cuts the risk of any damage of structure later on. Numerous improvement methods can be adopted to make ordinary soil stable enough to support the structural loads. In this research work a number of tests may conduct using both ordinary soil and stabilised soil. This thesis explains the strength behavior of SBE treated black cotton soil reinforced with MC. The various percentage of SBE as 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% was used to find out the optimum value of RBI Grade. MC has been randomly included into the SBE treated soil at four different percentages of MC content, i.e. 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10%.
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Assi, Ahmad, Stefania Federici, Fabjola Bilo, Annalisa Zacco, Laura E. Depero i Elza Bontempi. "Increased Sustainability of Carbon Dioxide Mineral Sequestration by a Technology Involving Fly Ash Stabilization". Materials 12, nr 17 (24.08.2019): 2714. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12172714.
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Mineral carbonation, involving reactions of alkaline earth oxides with CO2, has received great attention, as a potential carbon dioxide sequestration technology. Indeed, once converted into mineral carbonate, CO2 can be permanently stored in an inert phase. Several studies have been focalized to the utilization of industrial waste as a feedstock and the reuse of some by-products as possible materials for the carbonation reactions. In this work municipal solid waste incineration fly ash and other ashes, as bottom ash, coal fly ash, flue gas desulphurization residues, and silica fume, are stabilized by low-cost technologies. In this context, the CO2 is used as a raw material to favor the chemical stabilization of the wastes, by taking advantage of the pH reduction. Four different stabilization treatments at room temperature are performed and the carbonation reaction evaluated for three months. The crystalline calcium carbonate phase was quantified by the Rietveld analysis of X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. Results highlight that the proposed stabilization strategy promotes CO2 sequestration, with the formation of different calcium carbonate phases, depending on the wastes. This new sustainable and promising technology can be an alternative to more onerous mineral carbonation processes for the carbon dioxide sequestration.
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Kulakov, A. "NANOENERGY AND NANOTECHNOLOGY OF THE NEW TECHNOLOGICAL PARADIGMSAVING HUMANITY FROM POISONING THE PLANET EARTH." ASJ 1, nr 57 (31.01.2022): 43–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31618/asj.2707-9864.2021.1.57.161.
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When using existing industrial technologies, a very high price of energy resources remains, due to their imperfection and the need to heat almost all fixed assets, as well as a lack of resources to restore the disturbed balance between the biosphere and the technosphere, caused by the lack of highly efficient cycle technologies: mining, production of useful products from them, rational use of these products and, finally, its utilization. Of what is extracted from the land, 95% goes either to intermediate consumption or buried. The world is in a state where the environmental damage of technology has exceeded the capabilities of the Earth. With the preservation of existing industrial technologies, resources in the world are becoming less and less, humanity has nothing to pay for cleaning and restoring the environment. Only new technologies and new resources will save humanity from collapse. The solution lies in finding a new alternative, renewable, harmless and sustainable source of energy, the very use of which is an industry for the processing and destruction of created waste - recycling, comparable in volume with the entire transport and energy complex. In this case, it is possible to stabilize the world at the current level of consumption and implement the idea of sustainable development.
This article, based on the results of fifty years of work of author on development of breakthrough energy technologies in theory and practice of a non-ideal, close to non- degenerate plasma, started with PhD in Physics & Mathematics A.A. Rumiantsev who, unfortunately, passed away in 1990. Author predicted and confirmed the existence of a fundamentally new state of physical matter - quantum plasma nanocondensate - liquefied plasma, combining the properties inherent in standard liquid and ionized plasma - a fundamentally new, effective, and harmless energy source, the use of which helps reduce the pollution caused by waste. Purification of planet Earth, which has been contaminated to the limit, in some areas of which gas contamination, slagging, and municipal waste exceed all permissible norms, will lead to a boost in the immune system of the population, which will make it possible for humans to exist safely.
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Cerný, Vit, Rostislav Drochytka i Jan Jandora. "The Usability of Fly Ash for the Construction of Embankment Dams". Advanced Materials Research 587 (listopad 2012): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.587.26.
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Power supplying industry in the Czech Republic is still dependent on thermal power plants. Due to the on-going and completed renovation of the existing power plant units, it is expected that they will be serviceable for the following 30 years. It is therefore necessary to look for suitable use of the by-products of these plants. Using the energy by-products during construction of dikes is currently limited to creation of little protective dikes on unloading yards of fly ash stabilizers. Here we can take advantage of the binding abilities of the energy by-product to stabilize the unloading yards and protect the environment. This method is technologically less effective for constructions of anti-flood dikes. Therefore we use the soils from the vicinity of the building area. A suitable method of using fly ash in water building industry lies in repairs of existing earth dams by using fly-ash and clay grouting that increase homogeneity, stability and impermeability of the dam. This paper deals with laboratory verification of suitability of different types of fly-ash in the mixture with special sealing clay. It also deals with designing optimal recipes for "on-site" testing. Results of the tests clearly recommend classical fly ash as the most suitable raw material. On the other hand, the bedding ash marked is not suitable for this technology.
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Gies, Hannah, Frank Hagedorn, Maarten Lupker, Daniel Montluçon, Negar Haghipour, Tessa Sophia van der Voort i Timothy Ian Eglinton. "Millennial-age glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) in forested mineral soils: <sup>14</sup>C-based evidence for stabilization of microbial necromass". Biogeosciences 18, nr 1 (12.01.2021): 189–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-189-2021.
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Abstract. Understanding controls on the persistence of soil organic matter (SOM) is essential to constrain its role in the carbon cycle and inform climate–carbon cycle model predictions. Emerging concepts regarding the formation and turnover of SOM imply that it is mainly comprised of mineral-stabilized microbial products and residues; however, direct evidence in support of this concept remains limited. Here, we introduce and test a method for the isolation of isoprenoid and branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) – diagnostic membrane lipids of archaea and bacteria, respectively – for subsequent natural abundance radiocarbon analysis. The method is applied to depth profiles from two Swiss pre-Alpine forested soils. We find that the Δ14C values of these microbial markers markedly decrease with increasing soil depth, indicating turnover times of millennia in mineral subsoils. The contrasting metabolisms of the GDGT-producing microorganisms indicates it is unlikely that the low Δ14C values of these membrane lipids reflect heterotrophic acquisition of 14C-depleted carbon. We therefore attribute the 14C-depleted signatures of GDGTs to their physical protection through association with mineral surfaces. These findings thus provide strong evidence for the presence of stabilized microbial necromass in forested mineral soils.
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Muralidhar, Pavuluri Satya, i Ch Sivanarayana. "An Experimental Investigation on Shear Strength Behaviour of Unsaturated Clays on Effect of Spent Bleaching Earth and Misspend Cement". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, nr 3 (31.03.2023): 1978–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.49837.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract: In any kind of structure, expansive clay is a major cause of undulations. Numerous structures suffer damage and serious problems as a result of expansive soil swelling. The viability and environmental suitability of waste materials are the subject of extensive research by numerous research organizations. Waste products from the cement warehouse and oil industry include wasted bleaching earth and misspend cement. It is the best method to use in expansive soils to avoid issues with dumping and storage. Unconfined compressive strength and tri-axial compressive strength were used to identify a stabilization process. Any structure's stability depends on the strength of the underground soil on which it is built. All of a structure's loads are basically transferred to the ground directly. There are a variety of failures that can occur if the underlying soil is not stable enough to support transferred loads, including structure settlement, cracks, and so on. Soil improvement is necessary to solve this problem because it reduces the risk of structural damage in the future and reduces construction costs. To make ordinary soil stable enough to support the structural loads, a variety of improvements can be made. In this study, both regular and stabilized soil can be used in a number of tests. This paper explains the strength behavior of SBE treated black cotton soil reinforced with MC. The various percentage of SBE as 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% was used to find out the optimum value of RBI Grade. MC has been randomly included into the SBE treated soil at four different percentages of MC content, i.e. 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10%.
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Rivera, J. E. M., M. S. Carneiro i M. A. A. Fernandes. "Asymptotic Behaviour of a Viscoelastic Transmission Problem with a Tip Load". Trends in Computational and Applied Mathematics 24, nr 2 (24.05.2023): 357–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5540/tcam.2023.024.02.00357.
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We consider a transmission problem for a string composed by two components: one of them is a viscoelastic material (with viscoelasticity of memory type), and the other is an elastic material (without dissipation effective over this component). Additionally, we consider that in one end is attached a tip load. The main result is that the model is exponentially stable if and only if the memory effect is effective over the string. When there is no memory effect, then there is a lack of exponential stability, but the tip load produces a polynomial rate of decay. That is, the tip load is not strong enough to stabilize exponentially the system, but produces a polynomial rate of decay.
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Sun, Yongshuai, Dapeng Liu i Guihe Wang. "Experimental Study on the Effects of New Foam on the Improvement of Sandy Soil for Earth Pressure Balance Shield". Buildings 13, nr 3 (4.03.2023): 682. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13030682.
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In this paper, starting from the foaming amount, half-life and other indicators, the surfactant with excellent performance is optimized, and the optimal compound ratio and appropriate foam stabilizer, viscosity enhancer, and additives are studied. A new type of foam agent formula for the EPB shield is developed. The performance of the new foam agent is compared with that of domestic foam and imported foam from the aspects of foaming rate, stability, micromorphology and temperature resistance, which verifies that it meets the parameter requirements and advantages of a foam agent for shield tunneling. Then, by means of laboratory tests, such as the mixing test, friction coefficient test, adhesion resistance test, slump test and direct shear test, the improvement effect of the new foam agent is compared with existing foam agent products at home and abroad, and the improvement effect of the new foam agent on soil is evaluated. The formulation of the new foam agent is as follows: 1.6% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) + 8% dodecyl dimethyl betaine (BS-12) + 7% dodecanol + 0.06% guar gum + 0.6% ammonium chloride. The foaming rate, stability, microstructure and temperature resistance of new foam meet the requirements of shield construction. New foam, imported foam and domestic foam have advantages in sand and soil improvement experiments, but from an economic point of view, the new type of bubble is better than the other two. A new type of shield foam agent is prepared to meet the needs of construction. There is a big advantage in terms of price.
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Dr. Sanjeev Kumar Gupta i Gurmeet Singh. "Soil Stabilization using Pro-base Technology". International Journal of Engineering and Management Research 10, nr 5 (14.10.2020): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31033/ijemr.10.5.7.
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Roads are the lifeline of the nation and hence a road must be of better quality which could make effective land access possible. According to a research conducted in Sri Lanka, if you want to rescue a village from poverty, 10-20 years of educational subsidy might not work, but if the same amount of money is funneled on road infrastructure development, you can see results within 2 years. An effective road network ensures efficient delivery of goods and transportation of people, directly contributing to the economic growth of the region. Due to economic reasons in developing nations like India, it is not possible to make paved roads especially in rural areas. These areas are mostly connected by the use of unpaved roads called as earth road or soil roads. But there are many problems associated in building these roads particularly like deterioration of the surface usually by rutting and formation of potholes, dusty in dry state and muddy during wet state. The basis of this report is to make aware about the non-traditional soil stabilization technique using Probase SH-85 Soil Hardener for hardening soil of any type and TX-85 Soil Stabilizer & Strengthener for stabilizing unstable soil and at last sealing it by spraying with Probase PB-65 Soil Sealant on soil surface. The Probase Road System ensures making soil road no longer dusty and muddy. These products are free from toxins and are environmental friendly unlike bitumen, soil-cement, lime and asphalt roads. Probase soil stabilizer will hence not only help in stabilizing the soil but will also reduce maintenance and construction cost, along with ensuring that the roads remain open and well operational in rainy season and dust-free in dry season that is to make it an all-weather road.
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Krzywonos, Małgorzata, i Katarzyna Piwowar-Sulej. "Plant-Based Innovations for the Transition to Sustainability: A Bibliometric and in-Depth Content Analysis". Foods 11, nr 19 (9.10.2022): 3137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11193137.
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Plants maintain the ecological equilibrium of the earth and stabilize the ecosystem. Today, traditional commodities and new value-added markets can be served simultaneously. There is significant biosource and bioprocess innovation for biobased industrial products. Furthermore, plant-based innovation is associated with the transition to sustainability. This study performed a bibliometric and in-depth content analysis to review plant-based innovations in the research field between 1995 and 2022. A set of 313 articles was identified from the Scopus and Web of Science databases. Different analytical scientometric tools (topic mapping and overlay visualization networks) were used to analyze 124 articles; the most influential countries, institutions, authors, journals and articles were identified. Through in-depth studies, based on the grounded theory approach, five leading research areas related to plant-based innovation were determined: (1) agricultural/environmental innovation, (2) plant-based food or feed innovation, (3) innovation within the medical/pharmaceutical research area, (4) technology-related innovation and (5) economic/business aspects of plant-based innovations. Future research directions include exploring less examined and new topics, such as the sustainability implications of incorporating various plant-based foods and Industry 4.0 in plant-based innovation, and linking and developing findings from different research areas.
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Liu, Yuechan, Junyan Li i Chao Sun. "Cellular Automaton Model for Pedestrian Evacuation Considering Impacts of Fire Products". Fire 6, nr 8 (17.08.2023): 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire6080320.
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To accurately simulate realistic pedestrian evacuation from a fire, a cellular automaton model of the dynamic changes in pedestrian movement parameters is developed in conjunction with fire dynamics software. The fire dynamics software is used to simulate the spread of smoke within the scene to obtain visibility and CO concentration data within the scene. We imported the smoke data into the cellular automata and adjusted the pedestrian movement speed over time, resulting in simulation data that closely align with reality. The results show that for the single-room scenario, as pedestrian density increased from 0.1 to 0.5 persons per square meter (p/m2), the influence of the percentage of pedestrians familiar with their location on evacuation efficiency decreased from 44.93% to 24.52%. Conversely, in the multi-room scenario, it increased from 23.68% to 38.79%. The proportion of pedestrians less affected by smoke decreases and stabilizes as the CO yield increases. In the single-room scenario, when the CO yield is below 10%, the crowd with a low percentage of pedestrians familiar with the site is more affected by smoke than those with a high percentage. In the multi-room scenario, the victimization rate of the crowd follows an increasing-then-decreasing curve, ultimately stabilizing with changes in CO yield.
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Septina, Anggita, Giyatmi Giyatmi i Nindy Sabrina. "PENGARUH BAHAN PENSTABIL TERHADAP MUTU BIR PLETOK SELAMA PENYIMPANAN". Jurnal Teknologi Pangan dan Kesehatan (The Journal of Food Technology and Health) 2, nr 2 (5.11.2020): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.36441/jtepakes.v2i2.524.
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ABSTRAK: Bir pletok adalah salah satu minuman tradisional Betawi yang terbuat dari herbal. Pembuatan bir pletok menghasilkan endapan yang akan mengurangi penerimaan konsumen. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efek dari jenis stabilizer pada kualitas bir pletok selama penyimpanan. Penelitian telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan rancangan acak faktorial dengan dua faktor. Faktor pertama jenis stabilizer (A) yang terdiri 3 taraf, yaitu pektin 0,15%, guar gum 0,10% dan selulosa mikrokristalin 0,05%. Faktor kedua periode penyimpanan (B), yang terdiri 5 taraf, yaitu 0, 7, 14, 21 dan 28 hari. Parameter yang dianalisis adalah nilai organoleptik (warna, aroma, rasa dan tekstur), total padatan terlarut, viskositas, stabilitas, pH, vitamin C dan antioksidan. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa jenis stabilizer berpengaruh sangat signifikan (α (0,01)) dari nilai organoleptik (warna, aroma dan rasa), viskositas, stabilitas dan pH, tetapi tidak berpengaruh signifikan (α (0,01)) terhadap total larut padat. Kualitas bir pletok dengan pektin 0,15% dengan lama penyimpanan 14 hari memiliki kualitas yang masih baik, dengan total padatan terlarut 10,65OBrix, viskositas 32 cPs, stabilitas 100%, pH 6,46, vitamin C 682,64 mg / 100g, antioksidan 53,87 ppm dan memiliki nilai hedonik untuk warna (4,1), aroma (3,4), rasa (3,6), dan tekstur (3,9). ABSTRACT: Bir pletok is one of the traditional Betawi drinks made from herbs. During storage, bir pletok produces precipitate that will reduce consumer acceptance. The aim of this research was to find out the effect of the type of stabilizer on the quality of bir pletok during storage. Research has been conducted using a randomized design of factorials with two factors. The first factor was type stabilizer (A) consists of 3 levels, namely pectin 0.15%, guar gum 0.10% and microcrystalline cellulose 0.05%. The second factor is the storage period (B), which consists of 5 levels, is 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. The parameters analyzed were organoleptic values (color, aroma, taste and texture), total soluble solids, viscosity, stability, pH, vitamin C and antioxidants. The results showed that the type of stabilizer had a very significant effect (α (0.01)) of organoleptic values (color, aroma and taste), viscosity, stability and pH, but had no significant effect (α (0.01)) on the total soluble solid. The quality of bir pletok with 0.15% pectin with a 14-day storage length is still good quality, with total soluble solids of 10.65OBrix, viscosity of 32 cPs, 100% of stability, pH 6.46, vitamin C 682.64 mg/100g, antioxidants 53.87 ppm and has hedonic values for color (4.1), aroma (3.4), taste (3.6), and texture (3.9).
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Ruswandana, Nathasya Victoria. "Legal Issues on Subsidies of The Agricultural Products on WTO Frame Work". Journal of Social Science 2, nr 6 (27.11.2021): 808–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.46799/jss.v2i6.242.
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The WTO was founded with the main objective of building a fair and market-oriented trading system. Fair trade means free and no intervention from anywhere to regulate the market. This applies to all sectors of the economy but especially concerns the agricultural sector which is the basis of a country's defense. Various efforts have been made by the WTO in terms of making trade regulations in the agricultural sector which of course aims to realize this goal. It is well known that in order to stabilize food prices, ensure abundant food production, guarantee farmers' basic income, and in general strengthen the agricultural segment of the national economy, the government has implemented various assistance in the form of assistance to agricultural product producers in the country. This assistance is called a subsidy which can take various forms, namely in the form of tariff barriers, non-tariff barriers, tax levies, positive regulations and direct subsidies to both agricultural producers and exporters. In this study, the authors examine the legal issues regarding subsidies for agricultural products within the WTO framework. The main issue in this legal research is how the legal issues regarding subsidies for agricultural products within the WTO framework. The main objective of this legal research is to find out the legal issues regarding subsidies for agricultural products within the WTO framework. This legal research is a normative legal research in which legal sources are collected through literature study. A relatively detailed review of the content of legal issues regarding subsidies for agricultural products in the WTO framework is discussed in this paper. The results of this study indicate that agriculture is one of the important trade negotiations in the WTO through the rules contained in the AoA. Agreements to implement commitments from disciplines in the AoA, from WTO member countries, are expected to be reached by both developing and developed countries
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Negara, Anggara Truna Negara, Sigit Mustiko i Lucky Firmansyah. "GENETIC ALGORITHM BASED FOPID CONTROLLER FOR NANO-SATELLITE ATTITUDE CONTROL". Jurnal Informatika Polinema 9, nr 1 (28.11.2022): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.33795/jip.v9i1.640.
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Nano-satellites are very popular among researchers today because they are more affordable and easier to use than most large satellites. The system performance on nano-satellites needs to be improved for better by using fractional order PID (FOPID) controllers which have never been tested on unstable systems on nano-satellite objects. The PID controller development produces two fractional power parameters called the FOPID controller, which makes it even more attractive. The genetic algorithm (GA) produces the optimal computation value on the FOPID controller because it has been proven to have better performance and is improved by the ITAE performance index. Based on the analysis of responses in a steady-state in the form of overshoot, rise time and settling time on the three-axis stabilized nano-satellite attitude control, namely roll, pitch, and yaw is concluded that the FOPID controller is superior to the classic PID controller that has been previously studied. The effect of the two parameters of the FOPID controller on an unstable system for nano-satellite attitude control shows good performance results based on the ITAE performance index using the genetic algorithm (GA) method.
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Nengjun, Ben, Zhou Pengfei, Oleksandr Labartkava i Mykhailo Samokhin. "A NEW WELDING MATERIAL FOR REGENERATION IN THE WELDING TECHNOLOGY BASED ON NICKEL. ANALYSIS OF THE COMPOSITION AND PROPERTIES OF DEFORMABLE HEAT-RESISTANT HIGH-CHROMIUM NICKEL-BASED ALLOYS FOR WELDED PARTS. ANALYSIS OF EXISTING FUELLING STATIONS TYPES AND VEHICLES USING HYDROGEN, HYDROGEN PRODUCTION AND STORING METHODS". Science Journal Innovation Technologies Transfer, nr 2019-1 (2.02.2019): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.36381/iamsti.1.2019.43-48.
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This work involves an analysis of high-chromium high-temperature deformable wieldable nickel alloys for use in GTE repair assemblies. It is shown that the alloys EP868 (VZh98) and Haynes 230 can be used in welded assemblies with an operating temperature of 800-1100 °C. The alloys Nimonic 81, Nimonic 91, IN 935, IN 939, and Nicrotan 2100 GT also have a high potential for use in welded assemblies. They are characterized by a combination of good weldability, high-temperature strength, and resistance to scaling. There have been conducted studies on high-temperature salt corrosion of model nickel alloys. They allowed establishing the patterns of the impact of base metal alloying with chromium, aluminum, titanium, cobalt, tungsten, molybdenum, niobium, tantalum and rare earth metals on the critical temperature of the start of salt corrosion Tcor and the alloy mass loss. It has been established that alloys with a moderate concentration (13-16%) of chromium can possess satisfactory hightemperature corrosion resistance (HTC resistance) under the operating conditions of ship GTE. The HTC resistance of CrAl-Ti alloys improves upon reaching the ratio Ti/Al ˃ 1. Meanwhile, the ratio Ti/Al ˂ 1 promotes the formation of corrosion products with low protective properties. The positive effect of tantalum on the HTC resistance of alloys is manifested at higher test temperatures than that of titanium, and the total content of molybdenum and tungsten in alloys is limited by the condition 8Mo2 – 2W2 = 89. The presence of refractory elements stabilizes the strengthening phase and prevents formation of the ɳ-phase. However, their excess promotes formation of the embrittling topologically close packed (TCP) phases and boundary carbides of an unfavorable morphology. Based on the studies of the HTC resistance, there has been identified a class of model high-temperature corrosionresistant nickel alloys with a moderate or high chromium content (30%), Ti/Al ˃ 1, and a balanced content of refractory and rare-earth elements.
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Nengjun, Ben, Oleksandr Labartkava i Mykhailo Samokhin. "A NEW WELDING MATERIAL FOR REGENERATION IN THE WELDING TECHNOLOGY BASED ON NICKEL. PRINCIPLES OF DOPING OF HIGH-TEMPERATURE NICKEL ALLOYS RESISTANT TO HIGH-TEMPERATURE CORROSION". Science Journal Innovation Technologies Transfer, nr 2019-2 (5.05.2019): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.36381/iamsti.2.2019.49-55.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This work involves an analysis of high-chromium high-temperature deformable wieldable nickel alloys for use in GTE repair assemblies. It is shown that the alloys EP868 (VZh98) and Haynes 230 can be used in welded assemblies with an operating temperature of 800-1100 °C. The alloys Nimonic 81, Nimonic 91, IN 935, IN 939, and Nicrotan 2100 GT also have a high potential for use in welded assemblies. They are characterized by a combination of good weldability, high-temperature strength, and resistance to scaling. There have been conducted studies on high-temperature salt corrosion of model nickel alloys. They allowed establishing the patterns of the impact of base metal alloying with chromium, aluminum, titanium, cobalt, tungsten, molybdenum, niobium, tantalum and rare earth metals on the critical temperature of the start of salt corrosion Tcor and the alloy mass loss. It has been established that alloys with a moderate concentration (13-16%) of chromium can possess satisfactory hightemperature corrosion resistance (HTC resistance) under the operating conditions of ship GTE. The HTC resistance of CrAl-Ti alloys improves upon reaching the ratio Ti/Al ˃ 1. Meanwhile, the ratio Ti/Al ˂ 1 promotes the formation of corrosion products with low protective properties. The positive effect of tantalum on the HTC resistance of alloys is manifested at higher test temperatures than that of titanium, and the total content of molybdenum and tungsten in alloys is limited by the condition 8Mo2 – 2W2 = 89. The presence of refractory elements stabilizes the strengthening phase and prevents formation of the ɳ-phase. However, their excess promotes formation of the embrittling topologically close packed (TCP) phases and boundary carbides of an unfavorable morphology. Based on the studies of the HTC resistance, there has been identified a class of model high-temperature corrosionresistant nickel alloys with a moderate or high chromium content (30%), Ti/Al ˃ 1, and a balanced content of refractory and rare-earth elements.
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Nengjun, Ben, Oleksandr Labartkava i Mykhailo Samokhin. "A NEW WELDING MATERIAL FOR REGENERATION IN THE WELDING TECHNOLOGY BASED ON NICKEL. DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW HIGH-TEMPERATURE AND CORROSION-RESISTANT WELDING MATERIAL FOR THE REGENERATION OF DEFECTS IN HNA CASTINGS. ANALYSIS OF EXISTING FUELLING STATIONS TYPES AND VEHICLES USING HYDROGEN, HYDROGEN PRODUCTION AND STORING METHODS". Science Journal Innovation Technologies Transfer, nr 2019-3 (7.07.2019): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.36381/iamsti.3.2019.52-60.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This work involves an analysis of high-chromium high-temperature deformable wieldable nickel alloys for use in GTE repair assemblies. It is shown that the alloys EP868 (VZh98) and Haynes 230 can be used in welded assemblies with an operating temperature of 800-1100 °C. The alloys Nimonic 81, Nimonic 91, IN 935, IN 939, and Nicrotan 2100 GT also have a high potential for use in welded assemblies. They are characterized by a combination of good weldability, high-temperature strength, and resistance to scaling. There have been conducted studies on high-temperature salt corrosion of model nickel alloys. They allowed establishing the patterns of the impact of base metal alloying with chromium, aluminum, titanium, cobalt, tungsten, molybdenum, niobium, tantalum and rare earth metals on the critical temperature of the start of salt corrosion Tcor and the alloy mass loss. It has been established that alloys with a moderate concentration (13-16%) of chromium can possess satisfactory hightemperature corrosion resistance (HTC resistance) under the operating conditions of ship GTE. The HTC resistance of CrAl-Ti alloys improves upon reaching the ratio Ti/Al ˃ 1. Meanwhile, the ratio Ti/Al ˂ 1 promotes the formation of corrosion products with low protective properties. The positive effect of tantalum on the HTC resistance of alloys is manifested at higher test temperatures than that of titanium, and the total content of molybdenum and tungsten in alloys is limited by the condition 8Mo2 – 2W2 = 89. The presence of refractory elements stabilizes the strengthening phase and prevents formation of the ɳ-phase. However, their excess promotes formation of the embrittling topologically close packed (TCP) phases and boundary carbides of an unfavorable morphology. Based on the studies of the HTC resistance, there has been identified a class of model high-temperature corrosionresistant nickel alloys with a moderate or high chromium content (30%), Ti/Al ˃ 1, and a balanced content of refractory and rare-earth elements.