Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „St05”
Kliknij ten link, aby zobaczyć inne rodzaje publikacji na ten temat: St05.
Utwórz poprawne odniesienie w stylach APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard i wielu innych
Sprawdź 50 najlepszych artykułów w czasopismach naukowych na temat „St05”.
Przycisk „Dodaj do bibliografii” jest dostępny obok każdej pracy w bibliografii. Użyj go – a my automatycznie utworzymy odniesienie bibliograficzne do wybranej pracy w stylu cytowania, którego potrzebujesz: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver itp.
Możesz również pobrać pełny tekst publikacji naukowej w formacie „.pdf” i przeczytać adnotację do pracy online, jeśli odpowiednie parametry są dostępne w metadanych.
Przeglądaj artykuły w czasopismach z różnych dziedzin i twórz odpowiednie bibliografie.
1
Sumarno, Agung, Agus Mudo Prasetyo, Fazhar Akbar, Eko Widodo, Triastuti Triastuti, Maidina Maidina, Ananto Nugroho, Ismail Budiman i Bambang Subiyanto. "Pemanfaatan Limbah Spent Bleaching Earth pada Stabilisasi Tanah Lempung dengan Clean Set Cement". Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan 22, nr 1 (3.02.2021): 104–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.29122/jtl.v22i1.4125.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
ABSTRACT The utilization of waste as soil stabilization materials is a solution to reduce the amount of waste and improve the building materials quality. This research is using Spent Bleaching Earth (SBE) materials from the palm oil industry waste. SBE can be reused to be pozzolan materials. This research aimed to investigate the SBE waste effect as an admixture on clay stabilization used 10% Clean Set Cements (CS-60) on density and California Bearing Ratio (CBR). A combination of CS-60 and SBE waste was expected to increase the CBR value of clay. Furthermore, SBE waste would decrease cementitious material for clay stabilization. Variation comparison of Clay : CS-60 : SBE on ST03, ST04, and ST05 were 67.5% : 10% : 22.5%; 45% : 10% : 45% and 22.5% : 10% : 67.5% respectively. The test was conducted on water content, density, and load penetration based on SNI 1744:2012. Generally, the CBR value of subgrade and improved subgrades oil with the moderate and good category are about 5-20%. As a result, the CBR value of ST 01 as original clay and ST 02 as clay with 10% CS-60 was 3.24% and 5.01%, respectively. Using SBE waste as an admixture material on clay stabilization increased CBR value better than clay stabilization used CS-60. ST03, ST04, and ST05 with CBR's value were 5.39%, 8.52%, and 17.99%, respectively. Furthermore, the density value decreased when SBE waste is used. Keywords : california bearing ratio, clay, clean set cement, spent bleaching earth, stabilization. ABSTRAK Pemanfaatan limbah sebagai bahan stabilisasi tanah lempung merupakan solusi dalam mengurangi jumlah limbah dan meningkatkan mutu dari bahan bangunan. Penelitian ini menggunakan material Spent Bleaching Earth (SBE) dari limbah industri pengolahan minyak kelapa sawit. SBE dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai material pozzolan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh limbah SBE sebagai bahan tambah pada stabilisasi tanah lempung yang menggunakan 10% Clean Set Cements (CS-60) terhadap densitas dan California Bearing Ratio (CBR). Kombinasi limbah SBE dengan CS-60 diharapkan mampu meningkatkan nilai CBR tanah lempung. Selain itu, juga mengurangi penggunaan bahan berbasis semen untuk stabilisasi tanah lempung. Variasi perbandingan tanah lempung : CS-60 : SBE yang digunakan pada sampel ST03, ST04, dan ST05 berturut-turut 67,5% : 10% : 22,5%, 45% : 10% : 45% dan 22,5% : 10% : 67,5%. Pengujian yang dilakukan meliputi pengujian kadar air, densitas, dan penetrasi beban yang mengacu pada SNI 1744:2012. Secara umum, nilai CBR tanah dasar dan tanah timbunan dengan kategori sedang dan baik berkisar antara 5-20%. Hasil penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa sampel ST01 yang berupa tanah lempung asli memiliki nilai CBR 3,24% dan sampel ST02 yang berupa tanah lempung yang distabilisasi dengan 10% CS-60 menghasilkan nilai CBR 5,01%. Penambahan limbah SBE dapat meningkatkan nilai CBR dengan nilai yang lebih tinggi bila dibanding dengan hanya distabilisasi dengan CS-60, hal ini terlihat pada sampel ST03, ST04, dan ST05 dengan nilai CBR berurutan sebesar 5,39%, 8,52%, dan 17,99%. Selain itu, penambahan limbah SBE juga akan menurunkan densitas dari tanah lempung. Kata kunci : california bearing ratio, clean set cement, spent bleaching earth, stabilisasi, tanah lempung.
2
Kostetzer, Vanessa, Rosângela Maria Pinto Moreira i Josué Maldonado Ferreira. "Cruzamento dialélico parcial entre variedades locais do Paraná e variedades sintéticas de milho". Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 44, nr 9 (wrzesień 2009): 1152–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2009000900013.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Os objetivos deste trabalho foram determinar as capacidades geral e específica de combinação entre variedades locais e sintéticas de milho e identificar cruzamentos que reúnam características de interesse agronômico, com vistas à síntese de variedades. O dialelo parcial foi realizado com 11 variedades sintéticas cruzadas com cinco variedades locais do Paraná. As combinações híbridas resultantes foram avaliadas juntamente com as cinco variedades locais genitoras e com cinco híbridos comerciais, em blocos completos ao acaso com quatro repetições, em São João do Triunfo e Londrina, PR. Houve interação genótipo x local para a maioria dos caracteres avaliados, com predominância da interação da capacidade geral de combinação x local. As melhores estimativas de capacidade geral de combinação do grupo dos sintéticos foram observadas para ST09 e ST04 e, no grupo das variedades, para MC45 e IAPAR 50, considerando-se o conjunto das características e de locais. As melhores combinações híbridas (MC34 x ST04, IAPAR 50 x ST07, MC47 x ST09, MC45 x ST02, MC51 x ST04 e MC45 x ST01) apresentaram estimativas positivas de capacidade específica de combinação quanto à produtividade, em ambos os locais. Existem combinações híbridas com potencial para síntese de novas variedades com padrões de produtividade, altura de planta, posição relativa da espiga e percentagem de espigas danificadas e de plantas acamadas e quebradas melhores que os observados em variedades locais per se e mais semelhantes aos dos híbridos comerciais.
3
Dias, Sidclay C., i Glauco Machado. "MICROHABITAT USE BY THE WHIP SPIDER HETEROPHRYNUS LONGICORNIS (AMBLYPYGI, PHRYNIDAE) IN CENTRAL AMAZON". Journal of Arachnology 34, nr 3 (grudzień 2006): 540–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1636/st05-82.1.
Pełny tekst źródła
4
Irorita Fugaban, Joanna Ivy, Jorge Enrique Vazquez Bucheli, Wilhelm Heinrich Holzapfel i Svetoslav Dimitrov Todorov. "Bacteriocinogenic Bacillus spp. Isolated from Korean Fermented Cabbage (Kimchi)—Beneficial or Hazardous?" Fermentation 7, nr 2 (7.04.2021): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation7020056.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Bacillus velezensis ST03 and ST32, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ST06 and ST109, and Bacillus subtilis ST08 were isolated from artisanal-produced kimchi and were identified based on 16S rRNA partial sequencing. DNA obtained from the investigated bacilli generated positive results for lichenicidin, iturin, subtilosin, and surfactin on a strain-specific basis. The strains were found to produce antimicrobial metabolites with activity levels ranging between 800 and 1600 AU/mL on a strain-specific basis, as determined against Listeria monocytogenes ATCC15313. Moreover, all tested strains in this study were still active after treatment with proteolytic enzymes, even with reduced inhibition zones compared to the controls, pointing to additional antimicrobial activity possibly related to a non-proteinaceous molecular structure. Most probably these strains may express surfactin as an additional factor in their complex antimicrobial activity. B. amyloliquefaciens ST09 and B. velezensis ST03 and ST32 were characterized as positive for β-hemolysis. B. subtilis ST08 was shown to be positive for hblC and nheC and B. amyloliquefaciens ST109 for nheB. B. amyloliquefaciens ST109 generated positive results for gelatinase activity. The ability of the studied Bacillus strains to metabolize different carbohydrate sources was done based on the API50CHB test, while the enzyme production profile was recorded by the APIZym kit. All studied strains were positive producers for biogenic amines production. Studied Bacillus spp. strains were resistant to some of the evaluated antibiotics, tested according to recommendations of CLSI and EFSA.
5
Taniwan, Steven, Dwi Suryanto i Isnaini Nurwahyuni. "ISOLASI DAN KARAKTERISASI PARSIAL BAKTERI PELARUT FOSFAT DARI GUANO GUA KAMPRET DAN UJI KEMAMPUANNYA DALAM MENINGKATKAN PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN". JURNAL BIOSAINS 2, nr 2 (31.08.2016): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/jbio.v2i2.4219.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Bakteri pelarut fosfat merupakan bakteri yang mampu melarutkan fosfat yang tidak tersedia menjadi tersedia sehingga dapat diserap oleh tanaman. Studi tentang isolasi dan karakterisasi parsial bakteri pelarut fosfat dari guano gua kampret dan uji kemampuannya dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman telah dilakukan. Dua isolat bakteri pelarut fosfat berhasil diisolasi dan keduanya berasal dari kelompok bakteri Gram positif, yaitu ST02 dan ST03. Isolat bakteri diuji pada benih tanaman cabai merah selama 30 hari. Rata-rata pertambahan tinggi tanaman tertinggi diperoleh dari perlakuan bakteri ST03 sebesar 5,96 cm. Rata-rata pertambahan jumlah daun terbanyak diperoleh dari perlakuan kontrol pupuk (TSP) sekitar 24 helai dan diikuti oleh kontrol guano sekitar 6 helai. Rata-rata berat basah tanaman tertinggi diperoleh dari perlakuan bakteri ST03 sebesar 4,71 gram. Rata-rata berat kering tertinggi juga diperoleh dari perlakuan bakteri ST03 sebesar 0,72 gram. Kata kunci: bakteri pelarut fosfat, cabai, guano, gua kampret
6
Faucher, Sébastien P., Roy Curtiss i France Daigle. "Selective Capture of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Genes Expressed in Macrophages That Are Absent from the Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Genome". Infection and Immunity 73, nr 8 (sierpień 2005): 5217–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.73.8.5217-5221.2005.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
ABSTRACT Thirty-six Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi-specific genes, absent from the Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium genome, that were expressed in human macrophages were identified by selective capture of transcribed sequences. These genes are located on 15 unique loci of the serovar Typhi genome, including Salmonella pathogenicity islands (SPI-7, SPI-8, and SPI-10) and bacteriophages (ST15, ST18, and ST35).
7
KANG, Hye J., Sang H. CHO, Suk J. OH, Sung H. YANG, Moon H. LEE, Eun-Kee SONG, Hyun C. CHUNG, Im I. NA i Baek-Yeol RYOO. "Phase II study of S-1 and irinotecan combination chemotherapy as a first-line therapy for patients with advanced gastric cancer. Korean Cancer Study Group Protocol ST05-02". Asia-Pacific Journal of Clinical Oncology 5, nr 1 (marzec 2009): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1743-7563.2009.01191.x.
Pełny tekst źródła
8
Martínez, Jose R. W., Maria Spencer, Lina M. Rivas, Rafael Rios, Lorena Diaz, Lorena Diaz, Jinnethe Reyes i in. "666. Molecular Epidemiology of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Chile between 1999-2018". Open Forum Infectious Diseases 8, Supplement_1 (1.11.2021): S435—S436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofab466.863.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract Background The global spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is associated with distinct genetic lineages that predominate in specific geographical regions. Available evidence suggests the Chilean-Cordobes clone (ChC), an ST5-SCCmecI lineage, has largely predominated in Chilean hospitals since its first description in the late 1990’s. Although the circulation of other MRSA lineages, including community-associated clones, has been well documented, the dynamics of clonal replacement over time has not been explored. Therefore, we aimed to study the molecular epidemiology and dynamics of clonal replacement using a large collection of clinical MRSA strains recovered from Chile during the last two decades. Methods We used whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and core-based phylogenomic analysis to identify genetic lineages and explore their relationship in 798 MRSA isolates obtained between 1999-2018 from two tertiary-care Chilean hospitals. Results Overall, the most frequently identified clones were the ST5-SCCmecI ChC (n=476, 60%), followed by ST105-SCCmecII (n=119, 15%), ST72-SCCmecIV (n=74, 9%), and ST8-SCCmecII (n=26, 3%). Phylogenomic reconstruction demonstrated 7 major clades: Clade I (CC30); Clade II (CC22); Clade III (CC97); Clade IV (CC8); Clade V (ST72); Clade VI (CC5/ST225 and ST105) and Clade VII (CC5/ST5-SCCmecI) (Fig. 1). The ChC clone remained the most frequent MRSA lineage throughout the study period (Fig. 2). However, its relative abundance decreased from >90% of isolates in 1999 to ca. 40% in 2018. This decrease began around 2005 and was associated with a progressive expansion of the ST105-SCCmecII and ST72-SCCmecIV lineages (Fig. 2). A Bayesian molecular clock analysis established the most recent common ancestor in 1964 (95% HPD interval=1961.975-1966.218) and corroborated a CC5 expansion event starting in Chile in 1999 (Fig. 3). Interestingly, our analyses revealed two branches within the ST5-SCCmecI lineage: one predominating in 1999-2006, and a more recent branch (related to the ST105-SCCmecII clone) that emerged around 2008. Figure 1. Core genome phylogenomic reconstruction of the 798 MRSA isolates. The seven major clades are represented by colored sections. The Clade I (purple section) was composed of isolates belonging to the CC30. Clade II (cyan section) includes four isolates of CC22. Clade III (red section) is composed of isolates of CC97. Clade IV (blue section) grouped isolates of different ST239 and ST8, belonging to the CC8. Clade V (orange section) includes isolates of ST72. Clade VI (yellow section) includes isolates of ST225 and ST105, both belonging to CC5. Clade VII (green section) is mostly composed of isolates of ST5-SCCmecI. The inner ring shows the ST of the isolates; the external ring shows the staphylococcal chromosomal cassette mec (SCCmec) type. Figure 2. Relative frequency of MRSA clones from 1999 to 2018. The genomes were grouped according to their isolation dates. Most frequent MRSA clones are represented by colored sections. Figure 3. Maximum clade credibility tree from the molecular clock analysis of the 798 MRSA genomes. A Bayesian molecular clock analysis was performed with BEAST using the isolation date of each genome as a calibrator. The colored strip showed the most frequent clones. The red dot shows a major event of divergence in 2008. Conclusion The ChC clone remains the most prevalent MRSA in Chile. However, our data is consistent with the evolution of this clone and a progressive replacement of with ST105 and ST72 genetic lineages. Disclosures Lorena Diaz, PhD , Nothing to disclose Cesar A. Arias, M.D., MSc, Ph.D., FIDSA, Entasis Therapeutics (Grant/Research Support)MeMed Diagnostics (Grant/Research Support)Merk (Grant/Research Support)
9
Bojang, Abdoulie, Sarah L. Baines, Liam Donovan, Romain Guerillot, Kerrie Stevens, Charlie Higgs, Christian Bottomley i in. "Genomic investigation of Staphylococcus aureus recovered from Gambian women and newborns following an oral dose of intra-partum azithromycin". Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 74, nr 11 (19.08.2019): 3170–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkz341.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract Background Oral azithromycin given during labour reduces carriage of bacteria responsible for neonatal sepsis, including Staphylococcus aureus. However, there is concern that this may promote drug resistance. Objectives Here, we combine genomic and epidemiological data on S. aureus isolated from mothers and babies in a randomized intra-partum azithromycin trial (PregnAnZI) to describe bacterial population dynamics and resistance mechanisms. Methods Participants from both arms of the trial, who carried S. aureus in day 3 and day 28 samples post-intervention, were included. Sixty-six S. aureus isolates (from 7 mothers and 10 babies) underwent comparative genome analyses and the data were then combined with epidemiological data. Trial registration (main trial): ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT01800942. Results Seven S. aureus STs were identified, with ST5 dominant (n = 40, 61.0%), followed by ST15 (n = 11, 17.0%). ST5 predominated in the placebo arm (73.0% versus 49.0%, P = 0.039) and ST15 in the azithromycin arm (27.0% versus 6.0%, P = 0.022). In azithromycin-resistant isolates, msr(A) was the main macrolide resistance gene (n = 36, 80%). Ten study participants, from both trial arms, acquired azithromycin-resistant S. aureus after initially harbouring a susceptible isolate. In nine (90%) of these cases, the acquired clone was an msr(A)-containing ST5 S. aureus. Long-read sequencing demonstrated that in ST5, msr(A) was found on an MDR plasmid. Conclusions Our data reveal in this Gambian population the presence of a dominant clone of S. aureus harbouring plasmid-encoded azithromycin resistance, which was acquired by participants in both arms of the study. Understanding these resistance dynamics is crucial to defining the public health drug resistance impacts of azithromycin prophylaxis given during labour in Africa.
10
Markovska, Rumyana, Petya Stankova, Temenuga Stoeva, Marianna Murdjeva, Yulia Marteva-Proevska, Dobrinka Ivanova, Maryia Sredkova, Atanaska Petrova, Kalina Mihova i Lyudmila Boyanova. "Dissemination of High-Risk Clones Enterobacterales among Bulgarian Fecal Carriage Isolates". Microorganisms 10, nr 11 (29.10.2022): 2144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10112144.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The gastrointestinal tract is an important reservoir of high-risk Enterobacteria clones and a driver of antimicrobial resistance in hospitals. In this study, patients from six hospitals in four major Bulgarian towns were included in this study. Overall, 205 cefotaxime-resistant isolates (35.3%) of Enterobacterales order were detected in fecal samples among 580 patients during the period of 2017–2019. ESBL/carbapenemase/plasmidic AmpC producer rates were 28.8%, 2.4%, and 1.2%, respectively. A wide variety of ESBLs: CTX-M-15 (41%), CTX-M-3 (24%), CTX-M-27 (11%), and CTX-M-14 (4%) was found. The carbapenemases identified in this study were New Delhi metalo-β-lactamase (NDM)-1 (5.4%) and Klebsiella carbapenemase (KPC)-2 (1.5%). Most NDM-1 isolates also produced CTX-M-15/-3 and CMY-4 β-lactamases. They belonged to ST11 Klebsiella pneumoniae clone. The epidemiology typing revealed three main high-risk K. pneumoniae clones (26%)—ST11, ST258, and ST15 and five main Escherichia coli clones—ST131 (41.7%), ST38, ST95, ST405, and ST69. Sixty-one percent of ST131 isolates were from the highly virulent epidemic clone O25b:H4-ST131. Phylotyping revealed that 69% of E. coli isolates belonged to the virulent B2 and D groups. Almost all (15/16) Enterobacter isolates were identified as E. hormaechei and the most common ST type was ST90. Among all of the isolates, a high ESBL/carbapenemases/plasmid AmpC (32.4%) prevalence was observed. A significant proportion of the isolates (37%) were members of high-risk clones including two pan-drug-resistant K. pneumoniae ST11 NDM-1 producing isolates. Due to extensive antibiotic usage during COVID-19, the situation may worsen, so routine screenings and strict infection control measures should be widely implemented.
11
Oteo, Jesús, David Saez, Verónica Bautista, Sara Fernández-Romero, Juan Manuel Hernández-Molina, María Pérez-Vázquez, Belén Aracil i José Campos. "Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae in Spain in 2012". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 57, nr 12 (16.09.2013): 6344–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01513-13.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
ABSTRACTWe report the epidemiological impact of carbapenemase-producingEnterobacteriaceae(CPE) in Spain in 2012. Of the 237 carbapenemases detected, 163 were from the OXA-48 group, 60 were from VIM-1, 8 were from KPC-2, 5 were from IMP, and 1 was from NDM-1. Interhospital spread of carbapenemase-producingKlebsiella pneumoniaewas due to a limited number of multilocus sequence types (MLST) and carbapenemase types, including ST15–VIM-1, ST11–OXA-48, ST405–OXA-48, ST101–KPC-2, and ST11–VIM-1. The number of CPE cases in Spain has increased sharply in recent years, due mainly to the emergence of OXA-48.
12
Oteo, Jesús, Adriana Ortega, Rosa Bartolomé, Germán Bou, Carmen Conejo, Marta Fernández-Martínez, Juan José González-López i in. "Prospective Multicenter Study of Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae from 83 Hospitals in Spain Reveals HighIn VitroSusceptibility to Colistin and Meropenem". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 59, nr 6 (30.03.2015): 3406–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00086-15.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to determine the impact of carbapenemase-producingEnterobacteriaceae(CPE) in Spain in 2013 by describing the prevalence, dissemination, and geographic distribution of CPE clones, and their population structure and antibiotic susceptibility. From February 2013 to May 2013, 83 hospitals (about 40,000 hospital beds) prospectively collected nonduplicateEnterobacteriaceaeusing the screening cutoff recommended by EUCAST. Carbapenemase characterization was performed by phenotypic methods and confirmed by PCR and sequencing. Multilocus sequencing types (MLST) were determined forKlebsiella pneumoniaeandEscherichia coli. A total of 702Enterobacteriaceaeisolates met the inclusion criteria; 379 (54%) were CPE. OXA-48 (71.5%) and VIM-1 (25.3%) were the most frequent carbapenemases, andK. pneumoniae(74.4%),Enterobacter cloacae(10.3%), andE. coli(8.4%) were the species most affected. Susceptibility to colistin, amikacin, and meropenem was 95.5%, 81.3%, and 74.7%, respectively. The most prevalent sequence types (STs) were ST11 and ST405 forK. pneumoniaeand ST131 forE. coli. Forty-five (54.1%) of the hospitals had at least one CPE case. ForK. pneumoniae, ST11/OXA-48, ST15/OXA-48, ST405/OXA-48, and ST11/VIM-1 were detected in two or more Spanish provinces. ST11 isolates carried four carbapenemases (VIM-1, OXA-48, KPC-2, and OXA-245), but ST405 isolates carried OXA-48 only. A wide interregional spread of CPE in Spain was observed, mainly due to a few successful clones of OXA-48-producingK. pneumoniae(e.g., ST11 and ST405). The dissemination of OXA-48-producingE. coliis a new finding of public health concern. According to the susceptibilities determinedin vitro, most of the CPE (94.5%) had three or more options for antibiotic treatment.
13
Cruz, Cristina D., Andrew R. Pitman, Sally A. Harrow i Graham C. Fletcher. "Listeria monocytogenes Associated with New Zealand Seafood Production and Clinical Cases: Unique Sequence Types, Truncated InlA, and Attenuated Invasiveness". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 80, nr 4 (20.12.2013): 1489–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.03305-13.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
ABSTRACTListeriosis is caused by the food-borne pathogenListeria monocytogenes, which can be found in seafood and processing plants. To evaluate the risk to human health associated with seafood production in New Zealand, multi-virulence-locus sequence typing (MVLST) was used to define the sequence types (STs) of 31L. monocytogenesisolates collected from seafood-processing plants, 15 from processed foods, and 6 from human listeriosis cases. The STs of these isolates were then compared with those from a collection of seafood isolates and epidemic strains from overseas. A total of 17 STs from New Zealand clustered into two lineages: seafood-related isolates in lineages I and II and all human isolates in lineage II. None of the New Zealand STs matched previously described STs from other countries. Isolates (belonging to ST01-N and ST03-N) from mussels and their processing environments, however, were identical to those of sporadic listeriosis cases in New Zealand. ST03-N isolates (16 from mussel-processing environments, 2 from humans, and 1 from a mussel) contained aninlApremature stop codon (PMSC) mutation. Therefore, the levels of invasiveness of 22 isolates from ST03-N and the three other common STs were compared using human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cell lines. STs carryinginlAPMSCs, including ST03-N isolates associated with clinical cases, had a low invasion phenotype. The close relatedness of some clinical and environmental strains, as revealed by identical MVLST profiles, suggests that local and persistent environmental strains in seafood-processing environments pose a potential health risk. Furthermore, a PMSC ininlAdoes not appear to giveL. monocytogenesa noninvasive profile.
14
ALFELLANI, MOHAMMED A., ALISON S. JACOB, NATALI ORTIZ PEREA, ROSINA C. KRECEK, DERYA TANER-MULLA, JACO J. VERWEIJ, BRUNO LEVECKE, EGBERT TANNICH, C. GRAHAM CLARK i C. RUNE STENSVOLD. "Diversity and distribution of Blastocystis sp. subtypes in non-human primates". Parasitology 140, nr 8 (8.04.2013): 966–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182013000255.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
SUMMARYBlastocystis SSU-rDNA sequence data from 317 captive and free-living non-human primates (NHPs) representing 30 genera of apes, Old and New World (OW and NW) monkeys and prosimians were analysed to investigate subtype (ST) and allele distribution among hosts. Excluding 20 mixed ST infections, 27% of the sequences belonged to ST1, 22% to ST2, 34% to ST3, 1% to ST4, 4% to ST5, 11% to ST8, <1% to ST13 and 1% to ST15. The study confirmed cryptic host specificity of ST1 and ST3; conversely, considerable overlap in ST2 alleles exists among humans and NHPs. Subtype distribution in humans and NHPs differs mainly in that ST4 is rarely reported in NHPs while ST5 and ST8 are both unusual in humans. This may be due to host specificity and/or the apparent geographically restricted range of some subtypes. While the distribution of ST1, ST2 and ST3 was independent of NHP group or geographical association, ST5 was seen only in apes and OW monkeys and ST8 primarily in arboreal NHPs and only in species native to Asia or South America.
15
Sahin-Tóth, Judit, Eszter Kovács, Adrienn Tóthpál, János Juhász, Barbara Forró, Krisztián Bányai, Kata Havril, Andrea Horváth, Ágoston Ghidán i Orsolya Dobay. "Whole genome sequencing of coagulase positive staphylococci from a dog-and-owner screening survey". PLOS ONE 16, nr 1 (11.01.2021): e0245351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245351.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Background Staphylococcus aureus and S. pseudintermedius are the two most common coagulase positive staphylococci (CPS). S. aureus is more prevalent among humans, whereas S. pseudintermedius is more commonly isolated from dogs, however, both can cause various community and hospital acquired diseases in humans. Methods In the current study we screened 102 dogs and 84 owners in Hungary. We tested the antibiotic susceptibility of the strains and in order to get a better picture of the clonal relationship of the strains, we used pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. In addition, three pairs of isolates with identical PFGE patterns were whole genome sequenced, MLST and spa types were established. Results Carriage rate of S. aureus was 23.8% in humans and 4.9% in dogs and two cases of co-carriage were found among dogs and owners. S. pseudintermedius carriage rate was 2.4% and 34.3%, respectively, with only one co-carriage. The isolates were generally rather susceptible to the tested antibiotics, but high tetracycline resistance of S. pseudintermedius strains was noted. The co-carried isolates shared almost the same resistance genes (including tet(K), bla(Z), norA, mepR, lmrS, fosB) and virulence gene pattern. Apart from the common staphylococcal enzymes and cytotoxins, we found enterotoxins and exfoliative toxins as well. The two S. aureus pairs belonged to ST45-t630, ST45-t671 and ST15-t084, ST15-t084, respectively. The co-carried S. pseudintermedius isolates shared the same housekeeping gene alleles determining a novel sequence type ST1685. Conclusions Based on the genomic data, dog-owner co-carried strains displayed only insignificant differences therefore provided evidence for potential human-to-dog and dog-to-human transmission.
16
Galeazzi, Priscilla M., Maria EZ Mercadante, Josineudson AIIV Silva, Rúsbel R. Aspilcueta-Borquis, Gregório MF de Camargo i Humberto Tonhati. "Genetic parameters for stayability in Murrah buffaloes". Journal of Dairy Research 77, nr 2 (12.04.2010): 252–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029910000075.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
In order to contribute to the breeding programmes of Asian water buffalo, the aim of this study was to analyse the influence of genetic effects in the stayability of Murrah dairy buffaloes. The stayability trait (ST) was defined as the female's ability to stay in the herd for one (ST1), two (ST2), three (ST3), four (ST4), five (ST5) or six years (ST6) after the first calving. The same trait was also considered as continuous and was designated stayability in days up to one (STD1), two (STD2), three (STD3), four (STD4), five (STD5) or six years (STD6) after the first calving. Data from 1016 females reared in nine herds located in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, were analysed. Statistical models included the additive genetic effect of the animal and the fixed effects of the buffalo breeding herd, birth year and birth season. Additive effects for ST were estimated by approximate restricted maximum likelihood using a threshold model, while for STD, the additive effects were estimated by restricted maximum likelihood. Heritability estimates were lower for ST, except for ST1, (0·11±0·07, 0·17±0·06, 0·23±0·06, 0·16±0·08, 0·14±0·09 and 0·16±0·10 for ST1, ST2, ST3, ST4, ST5 and ST6, respectively) when compared with STD (0·05±0·06, 0·18±0·08, 0·40±0·10, 0·49±0·11, 0·41±0·11 and 0·30±0·13, for STD1, STD2, STD3, STD4, STD5 and STD6, respectively). Considering the values of heritability and owing to the serial nature of STD to a specific age, selection for STD3 should have a favourable influence on STD to other ages.
17
Spencer, Maria de los Angeles, José Rodrigo Martinez, Lina María Rivas, Marcelo rojas, Rafael Rios, An Q. Dinh, Lorena Diaz i in. "1453. PBP2, PBP2a and PBP4 Clone-specific Polymorphisms are not Associated to Ceftaroline (CPT) Susceptibility in Chilean Clinical Isolates of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)". Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (1.10.2020): S729. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.1634.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract Background CPT is a last-generation cephalosporin active against MRSA due to its affinity for PBP2a. CPT-resistance (CPT-R) is well-described, with mutations in the active transpeptidase domain of PBP2a associated to high-level resistance. The accumulation of changes in the non-penicillin-binding domain of PBP2a has been linked to elevations of the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) to CPT to levels around 2-4ug/mL. PBP4 and PBP2 have also been implicated as potentially relevant mecA-independent mechanisms of CPT-R. We recently reported high rates of CPT-non-susceptibility in clinical MRSA strains from Chile. However, the mutational landscape of PBPs in clinical MRSA isolates from Chile and its relation to CPT susceptibility has not been assessed. Methods We analyzed 180 MRSA isolates collected from 2000-2018 in Santiago, Chile. Identification was confirmed by MALDI-TOF and methicillin resistance with cefoxitin disk-diffusion. CPT susceptibility was performed by BMD following CLSI-2019 guidance. Whole-genome sequencing was performed for all isolates; the mutational profile of PBPs was determined using reference sequences for PBP2 (AGY89563.1), PBP2a (NG_047938.1) and PBP4 (X91786.1). Results All isolates were phenotypically-confirmed MRSA and harbored mecA. The MIC50/MIC90 by BMD was 2/2μg/dL; only 71 (39%) isolates were CPT-susceptible (MIC <1µg/mL). Most isolates belonged to ST5/SCCmecI (70%,126/180), ST105/SCCmecII (10%,18/180) and ST8/SCCmecIV (5%, 9/180). All ST5/SCCmecI isolates carried the mutations in PBP2 (Y156D), PBP2a (M122I and E150K), and PBP4 (T189S, L234H, and T409A); CPT-susceptibility among ST5/SCCmecI was only 22%. On the other hand, all ST105/SCCmecII isolates had mutations in PBP2 (S707L) and PBP4 (T189S, L234H, and T409A) and exhibited a higher CPT-susceptibility rate (67%). All 9 isolates belonging to the ST8/SCCmecIV lineage harbored a non-coding mutation in PBP2a (g-6t) and the previously observed L234H change in PBP4. Importantly, no association between specific polymorphisms and MIC to CPT was found. Table 1. PBPs mutations compared to CPT MICs by MLST and SCCmec Conclusion Changes in the studied PBPs were frequent among MRSA circulating in Chile and were conserved among different genetic backgrounds. However, these changes were not associated with the level of CPT MIC among these isolates. Disclosures Cesar A. Arias, MD, MSc, PhD, FIDSA, Entasis Therapeutics (Scientific Research Study Investigator)MeMed (Scientific Research Study Investigator)Merck (Grant/Research Support)
18
FANG, Y., P. ZHU, Q. LI, H. CHEN, Y. LI, C. REN, Y. HU, Z. TAN, J. GU i X. MAO. "Multilocus sequence typing of 102 Burkholderia pseudomallei strains isolated from China". Epidemiology and Infection 144, nr 9 (8.01.2016): 1917–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268815003052.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
SUMMARYThe phylogenetic and epidemiological relationships of 102 Burkholderia pseudomallei clinical isolates from different geographical and population sources in China were investigated by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). The MLST data were analysed using the e-BURST algorithm, and an unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean dendrogram was constructed based on the pair-wise differences in the allelic profiles of the strains. Forty-one sequence types (STs) were identified, of which eight were novel (ST1341, ST1345, ST1346, ST1347, ST1348, ST1349, ST1350, ST1351). No geographical-specific or host population-specific phylogenetic lineages were identified. ST46, ST50, ST55, ST58, ST70 and ST1095 predominated, but ~44% of isolates were assigned to 45 STs illustrating high genetic diversity in the strain collection. Additionally, the phylogenetic relationships of the dominant STs in China showed significant linkeage with B. pseudomallei isolates from Thailand. Analysis of the gmhD allele suggests high genetic variation in B. pseudomallei in China.
19
Markovska, Rumyana, Petya Stankova, Temenuga Stoeva, Dobrinka Ivanova, Daniela Pencheva, Radka Kaneva i Lyudmila Boyanova. "Fecal Carriage and Epidemiology of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase/Carbapenemases Producing Enterobacterales Isolates in Bulgarian Hospitals". Antibiotics 10, nr 6 (20.06.2021): 747. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10060747.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The gastrointestinal tract is an important reservoir of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)/carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales isolates. This study included patients from two Bulgarian hospitals. Overall, 98 ESBL producers (including 68 Escherichia coli and 20 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates) were detected among 99 hospitalized patients, 212 patients at admission, and 92 hospital staff in 42.4%, 24.5%, and 4%, respectively. We observed blaCTX-M-15 in 47% of isolates, blaCTX-M-3 in 39% and blaCTX-M-14 in 11%. Three blaCTX-M-15 positive isolates were also blaKPC-2 positive. High transferability was detected for blaCTX-M-3 carrying plasmids (55%) with L/M and I1 replicon plasmids, followed by CTX-M-14 (36.4%) and CTX-M-15 (27.9%) with IncF plasmids. BlaKPC-2 was carried by FIIAs plasmids. Epidemiology typing revealed 8 K. pneumoniae ST types—ST15(8/20), ST17(4/20), ST37(2/20) and 9 E. coli ST types—ST131 (30.9%, 21/68), ST38 (8/68), ST95(7/68) and ST316(7/68). All ST131 isolates but one was from the highly virulent epidemic clone O25bST131. This is the first report in Bulgaria about ESBL/carbapenemase faecal carriage. We observed high ESBL/carbapenemases prevalence. A predominant number of isolates were members of highly epidemic and virulent PanEuropean clones ST15 K. pneumoniae and O25bST131 E. coli. High antibiotics usage during the COVID pandemic will worsen the situation. Routine screenings and strict infection control measures should be widely implemented.
20
DABUL, A. N. G., i I. L. B. C. CAMARGO. "Molecular characterization of methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureusresistant to tigecycline and daptomycin isolated in a hospital in Brazil". Epidemiology and Infection 142, nr 3 (29.05.2013): 479–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268813001325.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
SUMMARYWe report the molecular characterization of methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) with resistance to tigecycline and to daptomycin isolated from intensive-care-unit patients in Brazil over a 6-month period. Thirty-six isolates (25 from infection sites, 11 from nasal sites) recovered from 23 patients who presented with MRSA infection during this period were characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, multilocus sequence typing, staphylococcal cassette chromosomemec(SCCmec) typing, and antimicrobial susceptibility profiling. Ten isolates from six patients and two isolates from different patients were resistant to tigecycline and daptomycin, respectively. Eight pulsotypes were identified and one, type A, accounted for 21 isolates from 12 patients; type A isolates were SCCmecII as were a further nine isolates of other pulsotypes. All but four of the total isolates were sequence type (ST) 5 or ST105 and classified as clonal complex (CC) 5; the historically prevalent lineage in Brazil, ST239-SCCmecIII, was identified in only three patients. Tigecycline-resistant strains were all ST105-SCCmecII and two patients were nasally colonized by strains of the same pulsotype found in infection sites. Two ST5-SCCmecII were daptomycin resistant after 48 h incubation. The origin and mechanism of these resistant strains remains unknown and further studies are warranted to determine whether such clones are becoming endemic in Brazilian hospitals and to assess their impact on infection control practice.
21
Ullah, Hidayat, Iftikhar Hussain Khalil, Durrishahwar, Iltafullah, Ibni Amin Khalil, Muhammad Fayaz, Jianbing Yan i Farhan Ali. "Selecting high yielding and stable mungbean [Vigna radiata(L.) Wilczek] genotypes using GGE biplot techniques". Canadian Journal of Plant Science 92, nr 5 (wrzesień 2012): 951–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps2011-162.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Ullah, H., Khalil, I. H., Durrishahwar, Iltafullah, Khalil, I. A., Qasim, M., Khan, S. M., Yan, J. and Ali, F. 2012. Selecting high yielding and stable mungbean [ Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] genotypes using GGE biplot techniques. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 951–960. Multi-environment trials (MET) play a vital role in selecting genotypes for wider adoptability based on their superior performance across environments. The present study was carried out with the aim of selecting high-yielding and stable genotype(s). A set of 30 mungbean genotypes were evaluated in four environments comprising years (2007, 2008) and locations (Peshawar, Swat) in Pakistan. Combined analysis of variance was performed for seed yield to determine the effect of environment [consisting of year (Y), location (L), and L × Y interaction], genotypes and all possible interactions among these factors. Analysis of variance showed significant genotype × year (G × Y) and G × L interactions (P ≤ 0.01) exhibiting the influence of changes in environment (L and Y) on seed yield performance. The large yield variation due to environment (E), justified the selection of a genotype main effect + genotype×environment (GGE) biplot as an appropriate method for analyzing MET data. GGE biplot arranged 30 genotypes in such a manner that they fell in four sectors based on their performance. Genotype'k' (NFM-11-3) performed well at PR07 and PR08, denoted as the first sector. In the second sector, mungbean genotype'y' (NFM-7-13) outclassed all other genotypes at ST07 and ST08. GGE biplot figured out the genotypes't' (NFM-14-5) and'e' (NFM-5-63-20) as the poor performing lines across location. GGE biplot identified ‘y’ (NFM-7-13) as the highest yielding genotype, followed by ‘k’ (NFM-11-3). Solely on yield performance, both of the genotypes were not statistically different however; the ranking made by GGE biplot was not only based on yield but on stability performance too. Similarly, Genotypes ‘Ad’ (NM-98) ‘m’ (NFM-12-6) ‘f’ (NFM-5-63-34) and ‘z’ (NFM-8-1) ranked 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th as being stable and high-yielding across locations, respectively. Location ‘PR08’ was the most desirable environment as it lay closer to the “ideal” environment. While PR07, ST07 and ST08 were found undesirable regarding genotype differentiation as they were far away from the center of the concentric circle. The GGE biplot effectively identified the G × E interaction pattern of the data and explained which genotype performed extravagantly at which target environment.
22
Perreten, Vincent, Pattrarat Chanchaithong, Nuvee Prapasarakul, Alexandra Rossano, Shlomo E. Blum, Daniel Elad i Sybille Schwendener. "Novel Pseudo-Staphylococcal Cassette ChromosomemecElement (ΨSCCmec57395) in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius CC45". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 57, nr 11 (26.08.2013): 5509–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00738-13.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
ABSTRACTGenetic characterization of methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus pseudintermedius(MRSP) from Thailand and Israel revealed the presence of a predominant atypical clonal lineage which was not typeable by SmaI-PFGE and SCCmectyping. All the atypical isolates (n= 34) belonged to CC45 (30 ST45 and 2 ST179 isolates, 1 ST57 isolate, and 1 ST85 isolate). The isolates originated from healthy and diseased dogs and cats, as well as from the environment of one clinic. Cfr9I–pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (Cfr9I-PFGE) anddrutyping permitted the further distinction of CC45 isolates from the two different countries. Microarray analysis identified genes that confer resistance to β-lactams (mecA;blaZ), aminoglycosides [aac(6′)-Ie–aph(2′)-Ia;aph(3′)-III;ant(6)-Ia], macrolides and lincosamides [erm(B)], tetracyclines [tet(M)], trimethoprim [dfr(G)], streptothricin (sat4), and chloramphenicol (catpC221). Fluoroquinolone resistance was attributed to specific amino acid substitutions, i.e., Ser84Leu in GyrA and Ser80Ile and Asp84Asn in GrlA. A novel pseudo-staphylococcal cassette chromosome (ΨSCCmec57395) element was identified in MRSP strain 57395 (sequence type ST45) by whole-genome sequencing. The 12,282-bp ΨSCCmec57395element contained a class C1mecgene complex but noccrgenes. In addition to the methicillin resistance genemecA, ΨSCCmec57395also carried determinants of resistance to heavy metals, such as arsenic, cadmium, and copper. Bsu36I restriction analysis of the ΨSCCmec57395element amplified by long-range PCR revealed the presence of ΨSCCmec57395in the 33 additional isolates of MRSP CC45. The ΨSCCmec57395element represents a new class of SCCmecand has been identified in MRSP of CC45, which is a predominant clonal lineage in Israel and Thailand.
23
Yan, Jing-Jou, Po-Xing Zheng, Ming-Cheng Wang, Shu-Huei Tsai, Li-Rong Wang i Jiunn-Jong Wu. "Allocation of Klebsiella pneumoniae Bloodstream Isolates into Four Distinct Groups byompK36Typing in a Taiwanese University Hospital". Journal of Clinical Microbiology 53, nr 10 (29.07.2015): 3256–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.01152-15.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The OmpK36 porin plays a role in carbapenem resistance and may contribute to bacterial virulence inKlebsiella pneumoniae. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of different groups ofK. pneumoniaeseparated byompK36typing. Among 226 nonduplicateK. pneumoniaebloodstream isolates collected at a Taiwanese hospital in 2011, fourompK36types, designated types A, B, C, and D, were identified by PCR in 61, 28, 100, and 36 isolates, respectively; 1 isolate was untypeable. Statistical analysis showed significantly higher rates of antimicrobial resistance (all tested antibiotics except meropenem), extended-spectrum β-lactamases or DHA-1 (47.5% together), Qnr-type quinolone resistance determinants (50.8%), and IncFIIA-type plasmids (49.2%) in group A than in others. Seventeen isolates were identified as belonging to 3 international high-risk clones (4 sequence type 11 [ST11], 10 ST15, and 3 ST147 isolates); all isolates but 1 ST15 isolate were classified in group A. The significant characteristics of group C were hypermucoviscosity (62.0%) and a higher virulence gene content. This group included all serotype K1 (n= 30), K2 (n= 25), and K5 (n= 3) isolates, 6 of 7 K57 isolates, all isolates of major clones associated with pyogenic liver abscesses (29 ST23, 11 ST65, 5 ST86, 7 ST373, and 1 ST375 isolates), and 16 (94.1%) of 17 isolates causing bacteremic liver abscesses. Twelve (42.9%) of the group B isolates were responsible for bacteremic biliary tract infections. Group D was predominant (83.3%) among 12 K20 isolates. This study suggests that most clinicalK. pneumoniaeisolates can be allocated into four groups with distinct characteristics based onompK36types.
24
Ríos, Esther, María Carmen López, Iciar Rodríguez-Avial, Esther Culebras i Juan José Picazo. "Detection of Escherichia coli ST131 clonal complex (ST705) and Klebsiella pneumoniae ST15 among faecal carriage of extended-spectrum β-lactamase- and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae". Journal of Medical Microbiology 66, nr 2 (1.02.2017): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.000399.
Pełny tekst źródła
25
Asanin, Jelena, Dusan Misic, Ksenija Aksentijevic, Zoran Tambur, Bojan Rakonjac, Ivana Kovacevic, Joachim Spergser i Igor Loncaric. "Genetic Profiling and Comparison of Human and Animal Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Isolates from Serbia". Antibiotics 8, nr 1 (16.03.2019): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics8010026.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The aim of this study was to characterize a collection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates of human and animal origin from Serbia. In total, 36 MRSA isolates—30 obtained from humans and six from companion animals—were investigated by PCR for the presence of antibiotic and biocide resistance determinants and virulence genes (PVL—Panton–Valentine leukocidin, ETs—exfoliative toxins, TSST—toxic shock syndrome toxin, SEs—staphylococcal enterotoxins, and MSCRAMMs—microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules and biofilm). Isolates were analyzed by staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec), spa, and dru typing, as well as by multiple locus variable number of tandem repeat analyses (MLVA), multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and subsequently, eBURST. The majority of human MRSA isolates were resistant to gentamicin, erythromycin, clindamycin, and ciprofloxacin. Different antibiotic resistance genes were detected: aac-aphD, ant(6′)-Ia, erm(A), erm(B), erm(C), tet(K), tet(M), fexA, and catpC221. All isolates were susceptible to teicoplanin and linezolid. SCCmec type III was prevalent in human isolates, while SCCmec elements in animals were mostly nontypeable. t037 was the predominant spa type in human and t242 in animal MRSA isolates. The prevalent dru type was dt11c in human and dt10a in animal MRSA isolates. MRSA isolates exhibited 27 different MLVA types. ST239 was predominant in human, while ST5 was prevalent in canine MRSA isolates. PVL was found in two, while tsst-1 was detected in three human isolates. Human-associated clones belonging to ST5, ST45, and ST239 MRSA clones were discovered in companion animals, which suggests anthropozoonotic transmission.
26
Sette, Claudio, Carla J. Inouye, Shannon L. Stroschein, Phillip J. Iaquinta i Jeremy Thorner. "Mutational Analysis Suggests That Activation of the Yeast Pheromone Response Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway Involves Conformational Changes in the Ste5 Scaffold Protein". Molecular Biology of the Cell 11, nr 11 (listopad 2000): 4033–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.11.11.4033.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Ste5 is essential for pheromone response and binds components of a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade: Ste11 (MEKK), Ste7 (MEK), and Fus3 (MAPK). Pheromone stimulation releases Gβγ (Ste4-Ste18), which recruits Ste5 and Ste20 (p21-activated kinase) to the plasma membrane, activating the MAPK cascade. A RING-H2 domain in Ste5 (residues 177–229) negatively regulates Ste5 function and mediates its interaction with Gβγ. Ste5(C177A C180A), carrying a mutated RING-H2 domain, cannot complement a ste5Δ mutation, yet supports mating even in ste4Δ ste5Δ cells when artificially dimerized by fusion to glutathioneS-transferase (GST). In contrast, wild-type Ste5 fused to GST permits mating of ste5Δ cells, but does not allow mating of ste4Δ ste5Δ cells. This differential behavior provided the basis of a genetic selection for STE5 gain-of-function mutations. MATaste4Δ ste5Δ cells expressing Ste5-GST were mutagenized chemically and plasmids conferring the capacity to mate were selected. Three independent single-substitution mutations were isolated. These constitutive STE5 alleles induce cell cycle arrest, transcriptional activation, and morphological changes normally triggered by pheromone, even when Gβγ is absent. The first, Ste5(C226Y), alters the seventh conserved position in the RING-H2 motif, confirming that perturbation of this domain constitutively activates Ste5 function. The second, Ste5(P44L), lies upstream of a basic segment, whereas the third, Ste5(S770K), is situated within an acidic segment in a region that contacts Ste7. None of the mutations increased the affinity of Ste5 for Ste11, Ste7, or Fus3. However, the positions of these novel-activating mutations suggested that, in normal Ste5, the N terminus may interact with the C terminus. Indeed, in vitro, GST-Ste5(1-518) was able to associate specifically with radiolabeled Ste5(520-917). Furthermore, both the P44L and S770K mutations enhanced binding of full-length Ste5 to GST-Ste5(1-518), whereas they did not affect Ste5 dimerization. Thus, binding of Gβγ to the RING-H2 domain may induce a conformational change that promotes association of the N- and C-terminal ends of Ste5, stimulating activation of the MAPK cascade by optimizing orientation of the bound kinases and/or by increasing their accessibility to Ste20-dependent phosphorylation (or both). In accord with this model, the novel Ste5 mutants copurified with Ste7 and Fus3 in their activated state and their activation required Ste20.
27
Ray, L. B. "Recycle MAP, Rewind Ste5". Science Signaling 5, nr 241 (11.09.2012): ec239-ec239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scisignal.2003588.
Pełny tekst źródła
28
Flatauer, Laura J., Sheena F. Zadeh i Lee Bardwell. "Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases with Distinct Requirements for Ste5 Scaffolding Influence Signaling Specificity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae". Molecular and Cellular Biology 25, nr 5 (1.03.2005): 1793–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.25.5.1793-1803.2005.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
ABSTRACT Scaffold proteins are believed to enhance specificity in cell signaling when different pathways share common components. The prototype scaffold Ste5 binds to multiple components of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae mating pheromone response pathway, thereby conducting the mating signal to the Fus3 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Some of the kinases that Ste5 binds to, however, are also shared with other pathways. Thus, it has been presumed that Ste5 prevents its bound kinases from transgressing into other pathways and protects them from intrusions from those pathways. Here we found that Fus3MAPK required Ste5 scaffolding to receive legitimate signals from the mating pathway as well as misdirected signals leaking from other pathways. Furthermore, increasing the cellular concentration of active Ste5 enhanced the channeling of inappropriate stimuli to Fus3. This aberrant signal crossover resulted in the erroneous induction of cell cycle arrest and mating. In contrast to Fus3, the Kss1 MAPK did not require Ste5 scaffolding to receive either authentic or leaking signals. Furthermore, the Ste11 kinase, once activated via Ste5, was able to signal to Kss1 independently of Ste5 scaffolding. These results argue that Ste5 does not act as a barrier that actively prevents signal crossover to Fus3 and that Ste5 may not effectively sequester its activated kinases away from other pathways. Rather, we suggest that specificity in this network is promoted by the selective activation of Ste5 and the distinct requirements of the MAPKs for Ste5 scaffolding.
29
Xia, Fufang, Jinlong Cheng, Min Jiang, Zhongxing Wang, Zhe Wen, Min Wang, Jianluan Ren i Xiangkai Zhuge. "Genomics Analysis to Identify Multiple Genetic Determinants That Drive the Global Transmission of the Pandemic ST95 Lineage of Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC)". Pathogens 11, nr 12 (7.12.2022): 1489. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11121489.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) is a pathogen that causes host extraintestinal diseases. The ST95 E. coli lineage is one of the dominant ExPEC lineages in humans and poultry. In this study, we took advantage of extensive E. coli genomes available through public open-access databases to construct a detailed understanding of the phylogeny and evolution of ST95. We used a high variability of accessory genomes to highlight the diversity and dynamic traits of ST95. Isolates from diverse hosts and geographic sources were randomly located on the phylogenetic tree, which suggested that there is no host specificity for ST95. The time-scaled phylogeny showed that ST95 is an ancient and long-lasting lineage. The virulence genes, resistance genes, and pathogenicity islands (PAIs) were characterized in ST95 pan-genomes to provide novel insights into the pathogenicity and multidrug resistance (MDR) genotypes. We found that a pool of large plasmids drives virulence and MDR. Based on the unique genes in the ST95 pan-genome, we designed a novel multiplex PCR reaction to rapidly detect ST95. Overall, our study addressed a gap in the current understanding of ST95 ExPEC genomes, with significant implications for recognizing the success and spread of ST95.
30
Argudín, M. A., M. C. Mendoza, M. A. González-Hevia, M. Bances, B. Guerra i M. R. Rodicio. "Genotypes, Exotoxin Gene Content, and Antimicrobial Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus Strains Recovered from Foods and Food Handlers". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 78, nr 8 (10.02.2012): 2930–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.07487-11.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
ABSTRACTStaphylococcal food poisoning, one of the most common food-borne diseases, results from ingestion of one or more staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) produced byStaphylococcus aureusin foods. In the present study, 64S. aureusisolates recovered from foods and food handlers, associated or not associated with food-poisoning outbreaks in Spain, were investigated. They were assigned to 31 strains byspatyping, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), exotoxin gene content, and antimicrobial resistance. The strains belonged to 10 clonal complexes (CCs): CC5 (29.0%), CC30 (25.8%), CC45 (16.1%), CC8, CC15 (two strains each), CC1, CC22, CC25, CC59, and CC121 (one strain each). They contained hemolysin genes (90.3%);lukED(77.4%); exfoliatin geneseta,etd(6.5% each), andetb(3.2%);tst(25.8%); and the following enterotoxin or enterotoxin-like genes or clusters:sea(38.7%),seb(12.9%),sec(16.1%),sed-seljwith or withoutser(22.9%),selk-selq(6.5%),seh,sell,selp(9.7% each),egc1(32.3%), andegc2(48.4%). The number ofseandselgenes ranged from zero to 12. All isolates carryingtst, and most isolates with genes encoding classical enterotoxins (SEA, SEB, SEC, and SED), expressed the corresponding toxin(s). Two CC5 isolates from hamburgers (spatype t002, sequence type 5 [ST5];spatype t2173, ST5) were methicillin resistant and harbored staphylococcal cassette chromosomemec(SCCmec) IVd. Six (19.4%) were mupirocin resistant, and one (spatype t120, ST15) from a food handler carriedmupA(MIC, 1,250 μg/ml). Resistance to ampicillin (blaZ) (61.3%), erythromycin (ermA-ermCorermC) (25.8%), clindamycin (msrA-msrB or msrB) (16.1%), tetracycline (tetK) (3.2%), and amikacin-gentamicin-kanamycin-tobramycin (aphAwithaacAplusaphDoraadD) (6.5%) was also observed. The presence ofS. aureusstrains with an important repertoire of virulence and resistance determinants in the food chain represents a potential health hazard for consumers and merits further observation.
31
Inouye, Carla, Namrita Dhillon, Tim Durfee, Patricia C. Zambryski i Jeremy Thorner. "Mutational Analysis of STE5 in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Application of a Differential Interaction Trap Assay for Examining Protein-Protein Interactions". Genetics 147, nr 2 (1.10.1997): 479–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/147.2.479.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Ste5 is essential for the yeast mating pheromone response pathway and is thought to function as a scaffold that organizes the components of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade. A new method was developed to isolate missense mutations in Ste5 that differentially affect the ability of Ste5 to interact with either of two MAPK cascade constituents, the MEKK (Ste11) and the MEK (Ste7). Mutations that affect association with Ste7 or with Ste11 delineate discrete regions of Ste5 that are critical for each interaction. Co-immunoprecipitation analysis, examining the binding in vitro of Ste5 to Ste11, Ste7, Ste4 (G protein, β subunit), and Fus3 (MAPK), confirmed that each mutation specifically affects the interaction of Ste5 with only one protein. When expressed in a ste5Δ cell, mutant Ste5 proteins that are defective in their ability to interact with either Ste11 or Ste7 result in a markedly reduced mating proficiency. One mutation that clearly weakened (but did not eliminate) interaction of Ste5 with Ste7 permitted mating at wild-type efficiency, indicating that an efficacious signal is generated even when Ste5 associates with only a small fraction of (or only transiently with) Ste7. Ste5 mutants defective in association with Ste11 or Ste7 showed strong interallelic complementation when co-expressed, suggesting that the functional form of Ste5 in vivo is an oligomer.
32
Chmilenko, V. V., Y. V. Shanin, A. A. Khorshev, A. S. Bondar, Qi Zhang i D. N. Bondarenko. "Modeling of technological parameters of induction surface hardening based on generalized experimental studies". LETI Transactions on Electrical Engineering & Computer Science 15, nr 2 (2022): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/2071-8985-2022-15-2-67-78.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The article discusses the modeling of induction surface hardening technology of low-alloy carbon steels with a carbon content of 0.2 to 0. 8 %. To optimize technological parameters, such as heating power and time, current frequency and quenching depth, experimental data were generalized: dependences of austenization and homogenization temperatures heated steel on the heating rate, carbon content and grain size of the initial structure. Also, on the basis of experimental data, the dependences of austenite grain growth on the heating rate and temperature are obtained. A nonlinear coupled electrothermal numerical model was used in the work, in which the calculation of the nonlinear ferromagnetic problem was carried out in the time domain. To study the effect of phase transformations during induction heating on the choice of the optimal heating mode, an iterative algorithm was developed that controls the numerical electrothermal model. The article compares the results of simulation of induction surface hardening modes for cylindrical bodies made of St35 and St45 steels, and also provides the required surface heating temperature. The influence of the initial structure on the choice of heating mode is shown. In addition, the developed model makes it possible to predict the ultimate hardness on the surface of the hardened part for optimal cooling mode.
33
Choi, You-Jeong, Sun-Hong Kim, Ki-Sook Park i Kang-Yell Choi. "Differential transmission of G1 cell cycle arrest and mating signals by Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ste5 mutants in the pheromone pathway". Biochemistry and Cell Biology 77, nr 5 (1.10.1999): 459–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o99-054.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ste5 is a scaffold protein that recruits many pheromone signaling molecules to sequester the pheromone pathway from other homologous mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. G1 cell cycle arrest and mating are two different physiological consequences of pheromone signal transduction and Ste5 is required for both processes. However, the roles of Ste5 in G1 arrest and mating are not fully understood. To understand the roles of Ste5 better, we isolated 150 G1 cell cycle arrest defective STE5 mutants by chemical mutagenesis of the gene. Here, we found that two G1 cell cycle arrest defective STE5 mutants (ste5MD248V and ste5delta-776) retained mating capacity. When overproduced in a wild-type strain, several ste5 mutants also showed different dominant phenotypes for G1 arrest and mating. Isolation and characterization of the mutants suggested separable roles of Ste5 in G1 arrest and mating of S. cerevisiae. In addition, the roles of Asp-248 and Tyr-421, which are important for pheromone signal transduction were further characterized by site-directed mutagenesis studies.Key words: Ste5, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, signal transduction, mating, G1 cell cycle arrest.
34
Toda, T., H. Niwa, T. Nemoto, S. Dhut, M. Eddison, T. Matsusaka, M. Yanagida i D. Hirata. "The fission yeast sts5+ gene is required for maintenance of growth polarity and functionally interacts with protein kinase C and an osmosensing MAP-kinase pathway". Journal of Cell Science 109, nr 9 (1.09.1996): 2331–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.109.9.2331.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Cell morphogenesis is a fundamental phenomenon that involves understanding a number of biological processes including the developmental program, polarity and cell division. Fission yeast sts5 mutant cells are round rather than cylindrical with cortical actin randomly dispersed. Genetic analyses demonstrate that the sts5+ gene is required for maintenance of cell shape during interphase when the cell normally exhibits polarised growth. The sts5 mutant is not defective in cell wall integrity. Deletion of ppe1+, which encodes a type 2A-like protein phosphatase, shows similar phenotypes to the sts5 mutant and these two mutations are synthetically lethal. Multicopy plasmids containing either the protein kinase C-like gene pck1+ or the protein tyrosine phosphatase pyp1+, an inhibitor of an osmosensing Sty1/Spc1 MAP-kinase, are capable of suppressing the sts5 mutation. Consistent with this, we have found that the wis1 mutation, which is defective in a MAP-kinase kinase of the pathway, suppresses the sts5 mutation. The predicted sts5+ gene product exhibits sequence similarity to two yeast proteins, Dis3 and Ssd1 and a nematode protein, F46E8.6, where the former two yeast proteins have been shown to be involved in cell cycle control and cell morphogenesis. The sts5+ gene is not essential for cell viability, but is absolutely required for polarised growth as the gene disruption showed the same phenotypes as those of the original mutants. Overexpression of the sts5+ gene resulted in altered cell morphology and, cortical actin in these overproducing cells was also abnormal, fainter and often dispersed. Anti-Sts5 antibody specifically detected a 130 kDa protein by western blotting. A green fluorescent protein-Sts5 fusion protein localised in the cytoplasm with a discrete punctate pattern, suggesting that the Sts5 protein is a component of a novel structure. These results have indicated that the Sts5 protein is a crucial determinant of polarised growth and that it functionally interacts with the serine/threonine phosphatase, protein kinase C, and an osmosensing MAP-kinase to maintain cell morphology.
35
Larochelle, Marc, Simon Drouin, François Robert i Bernard Turcotte. "Oxidative Stress-Activated Zinc Cluster Protein Stb5 Has Dual Activator/Repressor Functions Required for Pentose Phosphate Pathway Regulation and NADPH Production". Molecular and Cellular Biology 26, nr 17 (1.09.2006): 6690–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.02450-05.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
ABSTRACT In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, zinc cluster protein Pdr1 can form homodimers as well as heterodimers with Pdr3 and Stb5, suggesting that different combinations of these proteins may regulate the expression of different genes. To gain insight into the interplay among these regulators, we performed genome-wide location analysis (chromatin immunoprecipitation with hybridization to DNA microarrays) and gene expression profiling. Unexpectedly, we observed that Stb5 shares only a few target genes with Pdr1 or Pdr3 in rich medium. Interestingly, upon oxidative stress, Stb5 binds and regulates the expression of most genes of the pentose phosphate pathway as well as of genes involved in the production of NADPH, a metabolite required for oxidative stress resistance. Importantly, deletion of STB5 results in sensitivity to diamide and hydrogen peroxide. Our data suggest that Stb5 acts both as an activator and as a repressor in the presence of oxidative stress. Furthermore, we show that Stb5 activation is not mediated by known regulators of the oxidative stress response. Integrity of the pentose phosphate pathway is required for the activation of Stb5 target genes but is not necessary for the increased DNA binding of Stb5 in the presence of diamide. These data suggest that Stb5 is a key player in the control of NADPH production for resistance to oxidative stress.
36
Farley, Francis W., Ryan R. McCully, Paul B. Maslo, Lu Yu, Mark A. Sheff, Homayoun Sadeghi i Elaine A. Elion. "Effects of HSP70 chaperones Ssa1 and Ssa2 on Ste5 scaffold and the mating mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae". PLOS ONE 18, nr 10 (18.10.2023): e0289339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0289339.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Ste5 is a prototype of scaffold proteins that regulate activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades in all eukaryotes. Ste5 associates with many proteins including Gβγ (Ste4), Ste11 MAPKKK, Ste7 MAPKK, Fus3 and Kss1 MAPKs, Bem1, Cdc24. Here we show that Ste5 also associates with heat shock protein 70 chaperone (Hsp70) Ssa1 and that Ssa1 and its ortholog Ssa2 are together important for Ste5 function and efficient mating responses. The majority of purified overexpressed Ste5 associates with Ssa1. Loss of Ssa1 and Ssa2 has deleterious effects on Ste5 abundance, integrity, and localization particularly when Ste5 is expressed at native levels. The status of Ssa1 and Ssa2 influences Ste5 electrophoresis mobility and formation of high molecular weight species thought to be phosphorylated, ubiquitinylated and aggregated and lower molecular weight fragments. A Ste5 VWA domain mutant with greater propensity to form punctate foci has reduced predicted propensity to bind Ssa1 near the mutation sites and forms more punctate foci when Ssa1 Is overexpressed, supporting a dynamic protein quality control relationship between Ste5 and Ssa1. Loss of Ssa1 and Ssa2 reduces activation of Fus3 and Kss1 MAPKs and FUS1 gene expression and impairs mating shmoo morphogenesis. Surprisingly, ssa1, ssa2, ssa3 and ssa4 single, double and triple mutants can still mate, suggesting compensatory mechanisms exist for folding. Additional analysis suggests Ssa1 is the major Hsp70 chaperone for the mating and invasive growth pathways and reveals several Hsp70-Hsp90 chaperone-network proteins required for mating morphogenesis.
37
Abarca, Nadia, Mónica Santín, Sheila Ortega, Jenny G. Maloney, Nadja S. George, Aleksey Molokin, Guillermo A. Cardona i in. "Molecular Detection and Characterization of Blastocystis sp. and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Cattle in Northern Spain". Veterinary Sciences 8, nr 9 (11.09.2021): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci8090191.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Some enteric parasites causing zoonotic diseases in livestock have been poorly studied or even neglected. This is the case in stramenopile Blastocystis sp. and the microsporidia Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Spain. This transversal molecular epidemiological survey aims to estimate the prevalence and molecular diversity of Blastocystis sp. and E. bieneusi in cattle faecal samples (n = 336) in the province of Álava, Northern Spain. Initial detection of Blastocystis and E. bieneusi was carried out by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Sanger sequencing of the small subunit (ssu) rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, respectively. Intra-host Blastocystis subtype diversity was further investigated by next generation amplicon sequencing (NGS) of the ssu rRNA gene in those samples that tested positive by conventional PCR. Amplicons compatible with Blastocystis sp. and E. bieneusi were observed in 32.1% (108/336, 95% CI: 27.2–37.4%) and 0.6% (2/336, 95% CI: 0.0–1.4%) of the cattle faecal samples examined, respectively. Sanger sequencing produced ambiguous/unreadable sequence data for most of the Blastocystis isolates sequenced. NGS allowed the identification of 10 Blastocystis subtypes including ST1, ST3, ST5, ST10, ST14, ST21, ST23, ST24, ST25, and ST26. All Blastocystis-positive isolates involved mixed infections of 2–8 STs in a total of 31 different combinations. The two E. bieneusi sequences were confirmed as potentially zoonotic genotype BEB4. Our data demonstrate that Blastocystis mixed subtype infections are extremely frequent in cattle in the study area. NGS was particularly suited to discern underrepresented subtypes or mixed subtype infections that were undetectable or unreadable by Sanger sequencing. The presence of zoonotic Blastocystis ST1, ST3, and ST5, and E. bieneusi BEB4 suggest cross-species transmission and a potential risk of human infection/colonization.
38
Wang, Yunmei, i Elaine A. Elion. "Nuclear Export and Plasma Membrane Recruitment of the Ste5 Scaffold Are Coordinated with Oligomerization and Association with Signal Transduction Components". Molecular Biology of the Cell 14, nr 6 (czerwiec 2003): 2543–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e02-10-0699.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The Ste5 scaffold activates an associated mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade by binding through its RING-H2 domain to a Gβγ dimer (Ste4/Ste18) at the plasma membrane in a recruitment event that requires prior nuclear shuttling of Ste5. Genetic evidence suggests that Ste5 must oligomerize to function, but its impact on Ste5 function and localization is unknown. Herein, we show that oligomerization affects Ste5 activity and localization. The majority of Ste5 is monomeric, suggesting that oligomerization is tightly regulated. Increasing the pool of Ste5 oligomers increases association with Ste11. Remarkably, Ste5 oligomers are also more efficiently exported from the nucleus, retained in the cytoplasm by Ste11 and better recruited to the plasma membrane, resulting in constitutive activation of the mating mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade. Coprecipitation tests show that the RING-H2 domain is the key determinant of oligomerization. Mutational analysis suggests that the leucine-rich domain limits the accessibility of the RING-H2 domain and inhibits export and recruitment in addition to promoting Ste11 association and activation. Our results suggest that the major form of Ste5 is an inactive monomer with an inaccessible RING-H2 domain and Ste11 binding site, whereas the active form is an oligomer that is more efficiently exported and recruited and has a more accessible RING-H2 domain and Ste11 binding site.
39
Garrenton, Lindsay S., Andreas Braunwarth, Stefan Irniger, Ed Hurt, Markus Künzler i Jeremy Thorner. "Nucleus-Specific and Cell Cycle-Regulated Degradation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Scaffold Protein Ste5 Contributes to the Control of Signaling Competence". Molecular and Cellular Biology 29, nr 2 (10.11.2008): 582–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.01019-08.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
ABSTRACT Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells are capable of responding to mating pheromone only prior to their exit from the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Ste5 scaffold protein is essential for pheromone response because it couples pheromone receptor stimulation to activation of the appropriate mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade. In naïve cells, Ste5 resides primarily in the nucleus. Upon pheromone treatment, Ste5 is rapidly exported from the nucleus and accumulates at the tip of the mating projection via its association with multiple plasma membrane-localized molecules. We found that concomitant with its nuclear export, the rate of Ste5 turnover is markedly reduced. Preventing nuclear export destabilized Ste5, whereas preventing nuclear entry stabilized Ste5, indicating that Ste5 degradation occurs mainly in the nucleus. This degradation is dependent on ubiquitin and the proteasome. We show that Ste5 ubiquitinylation is mediated by the SCFCdc4 ubiquitin ligase and requires phosphorylation by the G1 cyclin-dependent protein kinase (cdk1). The inability to efficiently degrade Ste5 resulted in pathway activation and cell cycle arrest in the absence of pheromone. These findings reveal that maintenance of this MAPK scaffold at an appropriately low level depends on its compartment-specific and cell cycle-dependent degradation. Overall, this mechanism provides a novel means for helping to prevent inadvertent stimulus-independent activation of a response and for restricting and maximizing the signaling competence of the cell to a specific cell cycle stage, which likely works hand in hand with the demonstrated role that G1 Cdk1-dependent phosphorylation of Ste5 has in preventing its association with the plasma membrane.
40
Facharztmagazine, Redaktion. "STW5-II schützt die Darmbarriere". Gastro-News 8, nr 4 (sierpień 2021): 67–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s15036-021-2382-1.
Pełny tekst źródła
41
Linders, Horst, Beest i van den Bogaart. "Stx5-Mediated ER-Golgi Transport in Mammals and Yeast". Cells 8, nr 8 (26.07.2019): 780. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8080780.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) syntaxin 5 (Stx5) in mammals and its ortholog Sed5p in Saccharomyces cerevisiae mediate anterograde and retrograde endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi trafficking. Stx5 and Sed5p are structurally highly conserved and are both regulated by interactions with other ER-Golgi SNARE proteins, the Sec1/Munc18-like protein Scfd1/Sly1p and the membrane tethering complexes COG, p115, and GM130. Despite these similarities, yeast Sed5p and mammalian Stx5 are differently recruited to COPII-coated vesicles, and Stx5 interacts with the microtubular cytoskeleton, whereas Sed5p does not. In this review, we argue that these different Stx5 interactions contribute to structural differences in ER-Golgi transport between mammalian and yeast cells. Insight into the function of Stx5 is important given its essential role in the secretory pathway of eukaryotic cells and its involvement in infections and neurodegenerative diseases.
42
Massella, Elisa, Federica Giacometti, Paolo Bonilauri, Cameron J. Reid, Steven P. Djordjevic, Giuseppe Merialdi, Cristina Bacci i in. "Antimicrobial Resistance Profile and ExPEC Virulence Potential in Commensal Escherichia coli of Multiple Sources". Antibiotics 10, nr 4 (26.03.2021): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10040351.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
We recently described the genetic antimicrobial resistance and virulence profile of a collection of 279 commensal E. coli of food-producing animal (FPA), pet, wildlife and human origin. Phenotypic antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and the role of commensal E. coli as reservoir of extra-intestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) virulence-associated genes (VAGs) or as potential ExPEC pathogens were evaluated. The most common phenotypic resistance was to tetracycline (76/279, 27.24%), sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (73/279, 26.16%), streptomycin and sulfisoxazole (71/279, 25.45% both) among the overall collection. Poultry and rabbit were the sources mostly associated to AMR, with a significant resistance rate (p > 0.01) to quinolones, streptomycin, sulphonamides, tetracycline and, only for poultry, to ampicillin and chloramphenicol. Finally, rabbit was the source mostly associated to colistin resistance. Different pandemic (ST69/69*, ST95, ST131) and emerging (ST10/ST10*, ST23, ST58, ST117, ST405, ST648) ExPEC sequence types (STs) were identified among the collection, especially in poultry source. Both ST groups carried high number of ExPEC VAGs (pandemic ExPEC STs, mean = 8.92; emerging ExPEC STs, mean = 6.43) and showed phenotypic resistance to different antimicrobials (pandemic ExPEC STs, mean = 2.23; emerging ExPEC STs, mean = 2.43), suggesting their role as potential ExPEC pathogens. Variable phenotypic resistance and ExPEC VAG distribution was also observed in uncommon ExPEC lineages, suggesting commensal flora as a potential reservoir of virulence (mean = 3.80) and antimicrobial resistance (mean = 1.69) determinants.
43
Nirgude, Snehal, Raghunandan Mahadeva, Jinsha Koroth, Sujeet Kumar, Kothanahally S. Sharath Kumar, Vidya Gopalakrishnan, Subhas S Karki i Bibha Choudhary. "ST09, A Novel Curcumin Derivative, Blocks Cell Migration by Inhibiting Matrix Metalloproteases in Breast Cancer Cells and Inhibits Tumor Progression in EAC Mouse Tumor Models". Molecules 25, nr 19 (30.09.2020): 4499. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25194499.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Purpose: Curcumin is known for its anticancer and migrastatic activity in various cancers, including breast cancer. Newer curcumin derivatives are being explored to overcome limitations of curcumin like low bioavailability, stability, and side effects due to its higher dose. In this study, the synthesis of ST09, a novel curcumin derivative, and its antiproliferative, cytotoxic, and migrastatic properties have been explored both in vitro and in vivo. Methods: After ST09 synthesis, anticancer activity was studied by performing standard cytotoxicity assays namely, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay, 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2–5-diphenyletrazolium bromide (MTT), and trypan blue exclusion assay. Annexin-FITC, cell cycle analysis using flow cytometry, and Western blotting were performed to elucidate cell death mechanisms. The effect on the inhibition of cell migration was studied by transwell migration assay. An EAC (Ehrlich Ascites carcinoma) induced mouse tumor model was used to study the effect of ST09 on tumor regression. Drug toxicity was measured using aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and flow-cytometry based lymphocyte count. Histological analysis was performed for assessment of any tissue injury post ST09 treatment. Results: ST09 shows an approximate 100-fold higher potency than curcumin, its parent compound, on breast tumor cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB231. ST09 arrests the cell cycle in a cell type-specific manner and induces an intrinsic apoptotic pathway both in vitro and in vivo. ST09 inhibits migration by downregulating matrix metalloprotease 1,2 (MMP1,2) and Vimentin. In vivo, ST09 administration led to decreased tumor volume in a mouse allograft model by boosting immunity with no significant drug toxicity. Conclusion: ST09 exhibits antiproliferative and cytotoxic activity at nanomolar concentrations. It induces cell death by activation of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. It also inhibits migration and invasion. This study provides evidence that ST09 can potentially be developed as a novel antitumor drug candidate for highly metastatic and aggressive breast cancer.
44
Wang, Xiaomei, Shuang Zhou, Wei Yao, Hua Wan, Huangan Wu, Luyi Wu, Huirong Liu, Xuegui Hua i Peifeng Shi. "Effects of Moxibustion Stimulation on the Intensity of Infrared Radiation of Tianshu (ST25) Acupoints in Rats with Ulcerative Colitis". Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2012 (2012): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/704584.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
ST25 is a key acupoint used in the treatment of ulcerative colitis by moxibustion stimulation, but the biophysical mechanism underlying its effects is still unknown. The aim of the present study was to explore the biophysical properties of ST25 acupoint stimulated by moxibustion in a rat model of ulcerative colitis. The infrared radiation intensity of fourteen wavelengths of ST25 showed significant differences between the normal and model control groups. The intensity of infrared radiation of forty wavelengths showed significant differences compared with the corresponding control points in normal rats. The intensity of infrared radiation of twenty-eight wavelengths showed significant differences compared with the corresponding control points in model rats. The intensity of infrared radiation of nine wavelengths in the herb-partition moxibustion group, eighteen wavelengths in the ginger-partition moxibustion group, seventeen wavelengths in the garlic-partition moxibustion group, and fourteen wavelengths in the warming moxibustion group of the left ST25 showed significant differences compared with that of the model control group. For the right-hand-side ST25, these values were 33, 33, 2, and 8 wavelengths, respectively. This indicated that one possible biophysical mechanism of moxibustion on ST25 in ulcerative colitis model rats might involve changes in the intensity of infrared radiation of ST25 at different wavelengths.
45
Hasson, M. S., D. Blinder, J. Thorner i D. D. Jenness. "Mutational activation of the STE5 gene product bypasses the requirement for G protein beta and gamma subunits in the yeast pheromone response pathway". Molecular and Cellular Biology 14, nr 2 (luty 1994): 1054–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.14.2.1054-1065.1994.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The STE5 gene encodes an essential element of the pheromone response pathway which is known to act either after the G subunit encoded by the STE4 gene or at the same step. Mutations in STE5, designated STE5Hyp, that partially activate the pathway in the absence of pheromone were isolated. One allele (STE5Hyp-2) was shown to cause a single amino acid substitution near the N terminus of the predicted STE5 protein. Immunoblotting with anti-Ste5 antibodies indicated that the phenotype was not due to an increased level of the mutant STE5 protein. A multicopy episomal plasmid containing a STE5Hyp allele partially suppressed both the block in pheromone-inducible transcription and the sterility phenotype caused by null alleles of the STE2, STE4, or STE18 gene, indicating that the STE5 product acts after the receptor (STE2 product) and after the G protein beta and gamma subunits (STE4 and STE18 products, respectively). However, the phenotypes of the STE5Hyp mutations were less pronounced in ste4 and ste18 mutants, suggesting that the STE5Hyp-generated signal partially depends on the proposed G beta gamma complex. The STE5Hyp alleles did not suppress ste7, ste11, ste12, or fus3 kss1 null mutants, consistent with previous findings that the STE5 product acts before the protein kinases encoded by STE7, STE11, FUS3, and KSS1 and the transcription factor encoded by STE12. The mating defects of the ste2 deletion mutant and the temperature-sensitive ste4-3 mutant were also suppressed by overexpression of wild-type STE5. The slow-growth phenotype manifested by cells carrying STE5Hyp alleles was enhanced by the sst2-1 mutation; this effect was eliminated in ste4 mutants. These results provide the first evidence that the STE5 gene product performs its function after the G protein subunits.
46
Hasson, M. S., D. Blinder, J. Thorner i D. D. Jenness. "Mutational activation of the STE5 gene product bypasses the requirement for G protein beta and gamma subunits in the yeast pheromone response pathway." Molecular and Cellular Biology 14, nr 2 (luty 1994): 1054–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.14.2.1054.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The STE5 gene encodes an essential element of the pheromone response pathway which is known to act either after the G subunit encoded by the STE4 gene or at the same step. Mutations in STE5, designated STE5Hyp, that partially activate the pathway in the absence of pheromone were isolated. One allele (STE5Hyp-2) was shown to cause a single amino acid substitution near the N terminus of the predicted STE5 protein. Immunoblotting with anti-Ste5 antibodies indicated that the phenotype was not due to an increased level of the mutant STE5 protein. A multicopy episomal plasmid containing a STE5Hyp allele partially suppressed both the block in pheromone-inducible transcription and the sterility phenotype caused by null alleles of the STE2, STE4, or STE18 gene, indicating that the STE5 product acts after the receptor (STE2 product) and after the G protein beta and gamma subunits (STE4 and STE18 products, respectively). However, the phenotypes of the STE5Hyp mutations were less pronounced in ste4 and ste18 mutants, suggesting that the STE5Hyp-generated signal partially depends on the proposed G beta gamma complex. The STE5Hyp alleles did not suppress ste7, ste11, ste12, or fus3 kss1 null mutants, consistent with previous findings that the STE5 product acts before the protein kinases encoded by STE7, STE11, FUS3, and KSS1 and the transcription factor encoded by STE12. The mating defects of the ste2 deletion mutant and the temperature-sensitive ste4-3 mutant were also suppressed by overexpression of wild-type STE5. The slow-growth phenotype manifested by cells carrying STE5Hyp alleles was enhanced by the sst2-1 mutation; this effect was eliminated in ste4 mutants. These results provide the first evidence that the STE5 gene product performs its function after the G protein subunits.
47
Osada, Masako, Meiji Soe Aung, Noriko Urushibara, Mitsuyo Kawaguchiya, Nobuhide Ohashi, Mina Hirose i Nobumichi Kobayashi. "Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus and Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcus/Mammaliicoccus from Retail Ground Meat: Identification of Broad Genetic Diversity in Fosfomycin Resistance Gene fosB". Pathogens 11, nr 4 (14.04.2022): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11040469.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Staphylococcus is a major bacterial species that contaminates retail meat products. The objective of this study was to clarify the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance and genetic determinants of Staphylococcus/Mammaliicoccus species in retail ground meat in Japan. From a total of 146 retail ground meat samples (chicken, pork, mixed beef/pork) purchased during a 5-month period, 10 S. aureus and 112 isolates of coagulase-negative staphylococcus (CoNS)/Mammaliicoccus comprising 20 species were recovered. S. aureus isolates were classified into five genetic types, i.e., coa-IIa/ST5, coa-VIc/ST352 (CC97), coa-VIIb/ST398, coa-Xa/ST15, and coa-XIc/ST9, which were all related to those of livestock-associated clones. All the staphylococcal isolates were mecA-negative and mostly susceptible to all the antimicrobials tested, except for ampicillin among S. aureus (resistance proportion; 50%). Among CoNS, the fosfomycin resistance gene fosB was prevalent (30/112; 26.8%), primarily in S. capitis, S. warneri, and S. saprophyticus. Phylogenetic analysis of fosB revealed the presence of seven clusters, showing broad diversity with 65–81% identity among different clusters. In the CoNS isolates from ground meat samples, fosB was assigned into three clusters, and S. saprophyticus harbored the most divergent fosB with three genetic groups. These findings suggested the circulation of multiple fosB-carrying plasmids among some CoNS species.
48
Yu, Lu, Maosong Qi, Mark A. Sheff i Elaine A. Elion. "Counteractive Control of Polarized Morphogenesis during Mating by Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Fus3 and G1 Cyclin-dependent Kinase". Molecular Biology of the Cell 19, nr 4 (kwiecień 2008): 1739–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e07-08-0757.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Cell polarization in response to external cues is critical to many eukaryotic cells. During pheromone-induced mating in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) Fus3 induces polarization of the actin cytoskeleton toward a landmark generated by the pheromone receptor. Here, we analyze the role of Fus3 activation and cell cycle arrest in mating morphogenesis. The MAPK scaffold Ste5 is initially recruited to the plasma membrane in random patches that polarize before shmoo emergence. Polarized localization of Ste5 is important for shmooing. In fus3 mutants, Ste5 is recruited to significantly more of the plasma membrane, whereas recruitment of Bni1 formin, Cdc24 guanine exchange factor, and Ste20 p21-activated protein kinase are inhibited. In contrast, polarized recruitment still occurs in a far1 mutant that is also defective in G1 arrest. Remarkably, loss of Cln2 or Cdc28 cyclin-dependent kinase restores polarized localization of Bni1, Ste5, and Ste20 to a fus3 mutant. These and other findings suggest Fus3 induces polarized growth in G1 phase cells by down-regulating Ste5 recruitment and by inhibiting Cln/Cdc28 kinase, which prevents basal recruitment of Ste5, Cdc42-mediated asymmetry, and mating morphogenesis.
49
Devanga Ragupathi, Naveen Kumar, Dhiviya Prabaa Muthuirulandi Sethuvel, Dhivya Murugan, Ranjini Ranjan, Vikas Gautam, Prashanth Gupta, Jaichand Johnson i in. "Divergent evolution of Corynebacterium diphtheriae in India: An update from National Diphtheria Surveillance network". PLOS ONE 16, nr 12 (15.12.2021): e0261435. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0261435.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Diphtheria is caused by a toxigenic bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheria which is being an emerging pathogen in India. Since diphtheria morbidity and mortality continues to be high in the country, the present study aimed to study the molecular epidemiology of C. diphtheriae strains from India. A total of 441 diphtheria suspected specimens collected as part of the surveillance programme between 2015 and 2020 were studied. All the isolates were confirmed as C. diphtheriae with standard biochemical tests, ELEK’s test, and real-time PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing for the subset of isolates showed intermediate susceptibility to penicillin and complete susceptible to erythromycin and cefotaxime. Isolates were characterized using multi locus sequence typing method. MLST analysis for the 216 C. diphtheriae isolates revealed major diversity among the sequence types. A total of 34 STs were assigned with majority of the isolates belonged to ST466 (30%). The second most common ST identified was ST405 that was present in 14% of the isolates. The international clone ST50 was also seen. The identified STs were grouped into 8 different clonal complexes (CC). The majority belongs to CC5 followed by CC466, CC574 and CC209, however a single non-toxigenic strain belongs to CC42. This epidemiological analysis revealed the emergence of novel STs and the clones with better dissemination properties. This study has also provided information on the circulating strains of C. diphtheriae among the different regions of India. The molecular data generated through surveillance system can be utilized for further actions in concern.
50
Massella, Elisa, Cameron J. Reid, Max L. Cummins, Kay Anantanawat, Tiziana Zingali, Andrea Serraino, Silvia Piva, Federica Giacometti i Steven P. Djordjevic. "Snapshot Study of Whole Genome Sequences of Escherichia coli from Healthy Companion Animals, Livestock, Wildlife, Humans and Food in Italy". Antibiotics 9, nr 11 (6.11.2020): 782. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9110782.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Animals, humans and food are all interconnected sources of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), allowing extensive and rapid exchange of AMR bacteria and genes. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was used to characterize 279 Escherichia coli isolates obtained from animals (livestock, companion animals, wildlife), food and humans in Italy. E. coli predominantly belonged to commensal phylogroups B1 (46.6%) and A (29%) using the original Clermont criteria. One hundred and thirty-six sequence types (STs) were observed, including different pandemic (ST69, ST95, ST131) and emerging (ST10, ST23, ST58, ST117, ST405, ST648) extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) lineages. Eight antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and five chromosomal mutations conferring resistance to highest priority critically important antimicrobials (HP-CIAs) were identified (qnrS1, qnrB19, mcr-1, blaCTX-M1,15,55, blaCMY-2, gyrA/parC/parE, ampC and pmrB). Twenty-two class 1 integron arrangements in 34 strains were characterized and 11 ARGs were designated as intI1 related gene cassettes (aadA1, aadA2, aadA5, aad23, ant2_Ia, dfrA1, dfrA7, dfrA14, dfrA12, dfrA17, cmlA1). Notably, most intI1 positive strains belonged to rabbit (38%) and poultry (24%) sources. Three rabbit samples carried the mcr-1 colistin resistance gene in association with IS6 family insertion elements. Poultry meat harbored some of the most prominent ExPEC STs, including ST131, ST69, ST10, ST23, and ST117. Wildlife showed a high average number of virulence-associated genes (VAGs) (mean = 10), mostly associated with an ExPEC pathotype and some predominant ExPEC lineages (ST23, ST117, ST648) were identified.