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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "SS 202/304"
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Mulimbayan, Francis, i Manolo G. Mena. "Comparative Study of the Corrosion Behavior of Low-Nickel AISI 202 and Conventional AISI 304 Stainless Steels in Citric Acid Using Electrochemical Techniques". Applied Mechanics and Materials 835 (maj 2016): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.835.131.
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Stainless steel (SS) is one of the most commonly used metallic food contact materials. It may be classified based on its microstructure whether ferritic, austenitic, martensitic, duplex or precipitation hardened. Austenitic SS, among mentioned grades, has the largest contribution to market due to its numerous industrial and domestic applications. In this study, the corrosion behavior of AISI 202 SS – a cheaper grade of stainless steel, in three different solution temperatures of citric acid was investigated using different electrochemical techniques such as open-circuit potential (OCP) measurements, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results were compared to that obtained from conventional AISI 304 SS. OCP, polarization and impedance measurements agreed that AISI 202 SS has comparable resistance to that of AISI 304 SS in citric acid at ambient temperature and at 50 °C. At 70 °C, results of OCP measurements suggest that AISI 304 SS exhibited greater performance as indicated by more positive OCP values in the designated solution. EIS results indicate that the two alloys have identical corrosion resistance even at 70 °C as indicated by their comparable polarization resistance (Rp). The corrosion mechanism in both alloys is charge-transfer controlled as indicated by depressed semi-circular appearance of the generated Nyquist plots. The values of corrosion current densities (icorr) extracted from polarization curves indicate that the initial corrosion rates were higher in AISI 304 than AISI 202 SS suggesting that formation of more protective film may have occurred on the former alloy.
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Winardi, Yoyok, Fadelan Fadelan, Munaji Munaji i Wisnu Nurandika Krisdiantoro. "Pengaruh Elektroda Pengelasan Pada Baja AISI 1045 Dan SS 202 Terhadap Struktur Mikro Dan Kekuatan Tarik". Jurnal Pendidikan Teknik Mesin Undiksha 8, nr 2 (21.08.2020): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/jptm.v8i2.27772.
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Pengelasan logam adalah suatu proses pengelasan yang dilakukan pada dua jenis atau paduan logam yang berbeda. Pengelasan logam beda jenis banyak dipakai di berbagai industri, misalnya pembangkit listrik, industri transportasi, kontruksi sipil, dan lain-lain. Baja merupakan material yang banyak digunakan untuk kontruksi. Aplikasinya banyak disambung dengan logam lain. Penyambungannya dilakukan dengan pengelasan. Dalam penggabungan dua logam yang berbeda permasalahan yang sering timbul dalam pengelasan antara lain perbedaan titik lebur, koefisien muai, sifat fisis dan mekanis. Oleh karena itu dengan pemilihan elektroda pengelasan yang tepat akan menghasilkan sambungan yang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis elektroda pada baja AISI 1045 dan SS202 terhadap struktur mikro dan kekuatan tarik. Elektroda yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah jenis E 6013 dan E 7018. Metode pengelasan menggunakan las SMAW. Struktur mikro dikarakterisasi menggunakan mikroskop optik. Kekuatan mekanik diuji menggunakan mesin uji tarik. Hasil pengamatan struktur mikro pada masing-masing spesimen menunjukkan adanya perbedaan susunan. Struktur mikro didominasi oleh ferit dan perlit. Dengan menggunakan elektroda E7018, menghasilkan perlit yang lebih halus. Berdasarkan uji tarik, terdapat perbedaaan yang signifikan. Pada spesimen E 6013 memiliki kekuatan tarik rata-rata sebesar 275,7 kN/mm2, sedangan E 7018 memiliki kekuatan rata-rata sebesar 419,5 kN/mm2. Sehingga bisa disimpulkan, jenis elektroda mempengaruhi kekuatan tarik pengelasan baja AISI 1045 dan SS202Kata Kunci: AISI 1045; elektroda; kekuatan tarik; SS202; struktur mikro Daftar RujukanArifin J, Purwanto H, Syafa’at I. (2017). Pengaruh jenis elektroda terhadap sifat mekanik hasil pengelasan smaw baja ASTM A36. Momentum, 13(1), 27–31.Budiarsa, I. N. (2008). Pengaruh besar arus pengelasan dan kecepatan volume alir gas pada proses las GMAW terhadap ketangguhan aluminium 5083. CAKRAM, 2(2), 112–116.Gutama H.K, Wulandari D. (2000). Pengaruh Arus Pengelasan Dan Jenis Elektroda Terhadap Kekuatan Tarik Pada Steel 42. Jurnal Teknik Mesin Fakultas Teknik Unesa, (1), 1–5.Huda M, Respati B.S.M, Purwanto H. (2018). Pengelasan plat kapal dengan variasi jenis elektroda dan media pendingin. Momentum, (14), 50–56.Kurniawan. Dwi. (2019). Analisa pengaruh variasi elekroda pengelasan smaw sambungan logam baja jis g 3131 sphc dengan baja aisi ss 201 terhadap sifat mekanis. [Skripsi] Institut Teknologi Nasional MalangNasrul,Y. L.M., H. Qolik S.A, (2016). Pengaruh variasi arus las smaw terhadap kekerasan dan kekuatan tarik sambungan dissimilar stainless steel 304 dan st 37. Jurnal Teknik Mesin, Universitas Negeri Malang (1), 1-12.Pareke S, Muchsin A.H, Leonard J. (2014). Pengaruh pengelasan logam berbeda (AISI 1045) dengan (AISI 316L) erhadap sifat mekanis dan struktur mikro. Sains dan teknologi, 3(2), 191–198.Pramono, A. (2011). Karakteristik mekanik proses hardening baja AISI 1045 Media Quenching Untuk Aplikasi Sprochet Rantai. Cakram 5(1), 32–38.Sugestian, M Rizsaldy. (2019). Analisa kekuatan sambungan las smaw horizontal down hand pada plate baja jis 3131sphc dan stainless steel 201 dengan aplikasi piles transfer di mesin thermoforming (stacking unit). [Skripsi] Institut Teknologi Nasional Malang.Suhermana , R. M. Ambaritab , R. K. Simangunsongc , P.J. Simanjuntak (2018). Pengaruh jenis elektroda E6013 pada pengelasan SMAW terhadap sifat fisis dan mekanis baja SA106 grade B. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Era Industri (SNEI) UPMI Medan, 50–54Tarkono, Zulhanif, Trisulohadi Ben Fikma (2013). Pengaruh kedalaman alur back chipping pada pengelasan listrik SMAW baja karbon sedang AISI 1045 terhadap uji kekuatan tarik. Fema, 1, 18–27.Trianto A. (2016). Penelitian stainless steel 202 terhadap pengaruh pengelasan gas tungsten arc welding(GTAW) untuk variasi arus 50 A, 100 A, Dan 160 A dengan uji komposisi kimia, uji struktur mikro, uji kekerasan dan uji impact. [Skripsi]. Jurusan Teknik Mesin, Fakultas Teknik UMS.Veranika R.M, Fauzie M.A, Ali H, Solihin M, (2019). Studi pengaruh variasi elektroda e 6013 dan e 7018 terdahap kekuatan tarik dan kekerasan pada bahan baja karbon rendah. Desiminasi Teknologi, 7.Wijoyo, & Aji, B. K. (2015). Kajian kekerasan dan struktur mikro sambungan las GMAW baja karbon tinggi dengan variasi masukan arus listrik. SIMETRIS, 6(2), 243–248. Yakub Y, Nofri M, (2018). Variasi arus listrik terhadap sifat mekanik mikro sambungan las baja tahan karat aisi 304. E-Jurnal WIDYA Eksakta, 1(I).7-11
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Wang, Junlei, Hongfang Liu, Pruch Kijkla, Sith Kumseranee, Suchada Punpruk, Magdy El-Said Mohamed, Mazen A. Saleh i Tingyue Gu. "Comparison of 304 SS, 2205 SS, and 410 SS Corrosion by Sulfate-Reducing Desulfovibrio ferrophilus". Journal of Chemistry 2021 (17.06.2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3268404.
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Three types of stainless steel (304 SS, 410 SS, and 2205 SS) were evaluated for their corrosion behaviors in microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) by Desulfovibrio ferrophilus strain IS5, a relatively new and very corrosive sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) strain. The incubation lasted for 7 days in enriched artificial seawater at 28°C and the results showed that 410 SS had a rather large weight loss (6.2 mg/cm2) and a maximum pit depth (118 µm), but 2205 SS and 304 SS did not suffer from significant weight loss or pitting. Electrochemical tests indicated that 2205 SS was slightly more resistant to SRB MIC than 304 SS, while 410 SS was far less resistant.
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Fitriyana, Deni Fajar, Gunawan Dwi Haryadi, Sulardjaka Sulardjaka, Norman Iskandar i Abdi Gilang Amrizal. "Pengaruh Jarak Penembakan pada Pelapisan 95MXC Terhadap Sifat Kekerasan dan Keausan Material SS 304 dengan metode Twin Wire Arc Spray (TWAS)". ROTASI 20, nr 4 (11.01.2019): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/rotasi.20.4.202-206.
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Proses pelapisan pada SS 304 dengan metode thermal spray dapat di pertimbangkan sebagai metode untuk peningkatan ketahan aus. Dalam penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jarak penembakan pada proses pelapisan SS 304 dengan metode twin wire arc spray coating terhadap peningkatan ketahanan aus dengan material coating 95MXC. Variasi jarak penembakan yang digunakan adalah 100 mm, 200 mm, 300 mm dan 400 mm dengan air pressure 4 bar. Dari hasil penelitian, pada jarak penembakan 100 mm menghasilkan nilai kekerasan 1227 HV, nilai laju keuasan 4,0x10-4 mm3/s, nilai presentase porositas dan unmelt 9,278% dan kekuatan lekat coating sebesar 22,62 MPa. Semakin dekat jarak penembakan, nilai kekerasan yang dihasilkan akan semakin tinggi sehingga nilai laju keausan yang didapatkan menurun. Hal tersebut dikarenakan rendahnya nilai presentase porositas dan unmelt.
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Advani, A. H., L. E. Murr, D. J. Matlock, W. W. Fisher, P. M. Tarin, R. L. Miller, C. Ramos, R. J. Romero, J. G. Maldonado i C. M. Cedillo. "Deformation effects on transgranular carbide precipitation in 304 stainless steels". Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 50, nr 1 (sierpień 1992): 260–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100121703.
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Plastic deformation is a key variable producing accelerated intergranular (IG) carbide precipitation and chromium-depletion (sensitization) development in stainless steels. Deformation above 20% also produces transgranular (TG) carbides and depletion in the material. Research on TG carbides in SS is, however, limited and has indicated that the precipitation is site-specific preferring twin-fault intersections in 316 SS versus deformation-induced martensite and martensite lath-boundaries in 304 SS. Evidences indicating the relation between martensite and carbides were, however, sketchy.The objective of this work was to fundamentally understand the relationship between TG carbides and strain-induced martensite in 304 SS. Since strain-induced martensite forms at twin-fault intersections in 304 SS and the crystallography of the transformation is well understood, we believed that it could be key in understanding mechanisms of carbides and sensitization in SS. A 0.051% C, 304 SS deformed to ∽33% engineering strain (40% true strain) and heat treated at 670°C/ 0.1-10h was used for the research. The study was carried out on a Hitachi H-8000 STEM at 200 kV.
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Kirana, Aulia Widya, Elia Flurentin i Arbin Janu Setiyowati. "Hubungan Antara Kecerdasan Emosional dan Academic Burnout dengan Prestasi Belajar Siswa SMPN 2 Pakis Kabupaten Malang". Jurnal Pembelajaran, Bimbingan, dan Pengelolaan Pendidikan 3, nr 4 (9.04.2023): 291–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um065v3i42023p291-302.
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Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between emotional intelligence and academic burnout with learning achievement. This study used correlational research design. The total population of class VIII students of SMP Negeri 2 Pakis is 156 students, the sample is 112 students obtained by the slovin formula with a 5 percent allowance. Sampling using simple random sampling method. Data collection used the emotional intelligence scale adapted by Bantolo (2020), and the academic burnout scale "MBI-SS" adapted by Maharani (2017). Both have been tested for validity and reliability. Measurement of learning achievement used odd mid-term semester scores 2022/2023. The results of this study are that there is no significant relationship between emotional intelligence and academic burnout with learning achievement. The variables of emotional intelligence and academic burnout only contribute 2.8 percent to learning achievement. While the other 97.2 percent is influenced by other factors or variables that are not measured in this study.
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari tau hubungan antara kecerdasan emosional dan academic burnout dengan prestasi belajar siswa. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan yaitu kuantitatif non-eksperimen, dengan desain deskriptif korelasional. Total populasi siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 2 Pakis sebanyak 156 siswa, dengan jumlah sampel 112 siswa yang didapatkan dengan rumus slovin tingkat kelonggaran 5 persen. Dalam penentuan sampel, digunakan metode simple random sampling. Pengumpulan data melalui skala kecerdasan emosional mengadaptasi milik Bantolo (2020), dan skala academic burnout “Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (MBI-SS)” yang diadaptasi dari Maharani (2017). Keduanya telah melalui uji validitas dan uji reliabilitas. Pengukuran prestasi belajar menggunakan nilai UTS semester gasal 2022/2023. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu tidak terdapatnya hubungan yang signifikan antara kecerdasan emosional dan academic burnout dengan prestasi belajar. Variabel kecerdasan emosional, dan academic burnout hanya berkontribusi sebesar 2,8 persen dengan prestasi belajar. Sedangkan 97,2 persen lainnya dipengaruhi oleh faktor atau variabel lain yang tidak diukur pada penelitian ini.
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Guzda, Patryk Jan. "Recenzja: Stephen M. Fleming, Know Thyself: The Science of Self-Awareness, Basic Books, New York 2021, ss. 304". Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska sectio K - Politologia 29, nr 1 (13.09.2022): 175–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/k.2022.29.1.175-179.
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Deng, Hongda, Yongliang Liu, Zhen He, Xiantao Gou, Yefan Sheng, Long Chen i Jianbing Ren. "Electrochemical corrosion resistance of thermal oxide formed on anodized stainless steel". Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials 68, nr 2 (9.04.2021): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/acmm-10-2020-2385.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate and explain thermal oxide effect on electrochemical corrosion resistance anodized stainless steel (SS). Design/methodology/approach Electrochemical corrosion resistance of thermal oxides produced on anodized 304 SS in air at 350°C, 550°C, 750°C and 950°C in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution have been investigated by dynamic potential polarization, EIS and double-loop dynamic polarization. Anodized 304 SS were obtained by anodization at the constant density of 1.4 mA.cm-2 in the solution containing 28.0 g.L-1H3PO4, 20.0 g.L-1C6H8O7, 200.0 g.L-1H2O2 at 70°C for 50 min. SEM and EDS had been also used to characterize the thermal oxides and passive oxide. Findings Interestingly, anodized 304SS with thermal oxide produced at 350°C displayed more electrochemical corrosion and pitting resistance than anodized 304 SS only with passive oxide, as related to the formation of oxide film with higher chromium to iron ratio. Whereas, anodized 304SS with thermal oxide formed at 950°C shows the worse electrochemical corrosion and pitting resistance among those formed at the high temperatures due to thermal oxide with least compact. Originality/value When thermally oxidized in the range of 350°C–950°C, electrochemical corrosion and pitting corrosion resistance of anodized 304 SS decrease with the increase of temperature due to less compactness, more defects of thermal oxide.
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Xing, Qiuwei, Haijiang Wang, Mingbiao Chen, Zhaoyun Chen, Rongbin Li, Peipeng Jin i Yong Zhang. "Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Resistance of NbTiAlSiZrNx High-Entropy Films Prepared by RF Magnetron Sputtering". Entropy 21, nr 4 (13.04.2019): 396. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e21040396.
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In this study, we designed and fabricated NbTiAlSiZrNx high-entropy alloy (HEA) films. The parameters of the radio frequency (RF) pulse magnetron sputtering process were fixed to maintain the N2 flux ratio at 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%. Subsequently, NbTiAlSiZrNx HEA films were deposited on the 304 stainless steel (SS) substrate. With an increasing N2 flow rate, the film deposited at a RN of 50% had the highest hardness (12.4 GPa), the highest modulus (169 GPa), a small roughness, and a beautiful color. The thicknesses of the films were gradually reduced from 298.8 nm to 200 nm, and all the thin films were of amorphous structure. The electrochemical corrosion resistance of the film in a 0.5 mol/L H2SO4 solution at room temperature was studied and the characteristics changed. The HEA films prepared at N2 flow rates of 10% and 30% were more prone to corrosion than 304 SS, but the corrosion rate was lower than that of 304 SS. NbTiAlSiZrNx HEA films prepared at N2 flow rates of 20%, 40%, and 50% were more corrosion-resistant than 304 SS. In addition, the passivation stability of the NbTiAlSiZrNx HEA was worse than that of 304 SS. Altogether, these results show that pitting corrosion occurred on NbTiAlSiZrNx HEA films.
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Michliński, Rafał. "Refleksje wokół serii Archiwum Uniwersytetu Jana Kazimierza we Lwowie pod redakcją Macieja Franza". Przegląd Historyczno-Wojskowy 24, nr 1 (2023): 236–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32089/wbh.phw.2023.1(283).0009.
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Review of the publishing series: Maciej Franz, red., seria Archiwum Uniwersytetu Jana Kazimierza we Lwowie (t. 1–7), Wydawnictwo DiG, Warszawa 2021–2022: 1. Jan Okołot, Rola historyczna kozactwa dońskiego w walce z Turkami i Tatarami w jego najbardziej bohaterskim okresie (1637–1642), opracowanie, wstęp naukowy, przygotowanie do druku Maciej Franz (Warszawa: Wyd. DiG, 2021), ss. 169. 2. Teodor Zagalak, Bunt Krzysztofa Kosińskiego 1591–1593, opracowanie, wstęp naukowy, przygotowanie do druku Maciej Franz (Warszawa: Wyd. DiG, 2021), ss. 167. 3. Antoni Łukaszewski, Rok 1638 w dziejach stosunków polsko-kozackich (Bunty Ostrzanina, Skidana i Huni), opracowanie, wstęp naukowy, przygotowanie do druku Maciej Franz (Warszawa: wyd. DiG, 2021), ss. 122. 4. Maria Dobrowolska, Udział szlachty w powstaniu B. Chmielnickiego (1648–1657), opracowanie, wstęp naukowy, przygotowanie do druku Maciej Franz (Warszawa: Wyd. DiG, 2021), ss. 300. 5. Eustachy Jurków, Paweł Tetera, hetman Ukrainy prawobrzeżnej w latach 1662–1665 (Rola polityczna), opracowanie, wstęp naukowy, przygotowanie do druku Maciej Franz (Warszawa: Wyd. DiG, 2021), ss. 308. 6. Franciszek Wiśmierski, Doroszenko za Sobieskiego w latach 1665–1676, opracowanie, wstęp naukowy, przygotowanie do druku Maciej Franz (Warszawa: Wyd. DiG, 2021), ss. 292. 7. Franciszek Owadiuk, O polskim hetmanie XVII wieku Mikołaju Potockim, opracowanie, wstęp naukowy, przygotowanie do druku Maciej Franz (Warszawa: Wyd. DiG, 2021), ss. 350.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "SS 202/304"
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RAJ, PRATEEK. "STUDY OF MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WELDED JOINTS OF DISSIMILAR AUSTENITIC STEELS SS 202 AND SS 304 BY COLD METAL TRANSFER WELDING PROCESS". Thesis, 2020. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/18063.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Welded joints of dissimilar stainless steel sheets have many industrial applications
due to their cost effectiveness, light-weight, and high efficiency. Thin austenitic
stainless steel sheets of different thicknesses are extensively used in the automation
industry. Conventional welding techniques due to their high heat input and high
spatters have always posed problems such as burn-through and distortion for
welding these joints of thin austenitic steels. The CMT welding technique is
effectively used for the joining of thin sheets due to its characteristics of lower
distortion rate and low heat input. In this research work, austenitic stainless steels
of grade SS 202 and SS 304 of thickness 1.2 mm and 2 mm respectively were
welded by CMT welding technique and studied the mechanical characteristics of
dissimilar stainless steel joints. Taguchi L9 optimization technique was used to
find the optimized process variables for obtaining the maximum tensile strength.
The maximum tensile strength of dissimilar joint welded at 115 A current, 4 mm/s
welding speed, and 10% arc length correction factor was found to be 291 MPa.
The maximum micro-hardness value of the weld zone was achieved and the lower
value was observed in the heat-affected zone (HAZ). The X-ray diffraction (XRD)
technique was utilized to detect the residual stresses of the welded joint. The
residual stress was observed in compressive nature in the weld zone and base plate
and of tensile nature in the heat-affected zone (HAZ). CMT welding process can
produce high strength dissimilar austenitic steel joints of different thicknesses.
Książki na temat "SS 202/304"
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Tordini Cagli, Silvia. Principio di autodeterminazione e consenso dell'avente diritto. Bononia University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30682/sg238.
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La tematica del consenso dell’avente diritto viene affrontata con particolare riferimento al fondamento, alla collocazione sistematica e ai limiti di efficacia di questo istituto, attraverso un percorso che coinvolge profili di diritto costituzionale, di filosofia morale e di criminologia, oltre, che, naturalmente, più prettamente penalistici. Il riconoscimento di una rilevanza alla volontà della vittima nell’ambito dell’ordinamento penale non è un dato di immediata evidenza, essendo il diritto penale ramo del diritto pubblico caratterizzato da un rapporto di subordinazione del singolo allo Stato; ciononostante il consenso ha sempre avuto un ruolo nella determinazione della responsabilità penale. Negli attuali ordinamenti democratici, soprattutto con l’entrata in vigore delle Costituzioni repubblicane, si riscontra una tendenza ad una sempre maggiore valorizzazione della libertà di autodeterminazione del soggetto in relazione alla gestione dei propri beni e/o diritti. Affrontare la questione del fondamento del consenso dell’avente diritto e della sua efficacia nell’ambito del diritto penale significa interrogarsi sul fondamento e sui limiti del diritto di autodeterminazione, essenza del consenso stesso. Poter individuare un fondamento costituzionale del diritto di autodeterminazione significa, oggi, garantire la massima estensione al consenso dell’avente diritto. È in questa ottica che si snoda il percorso di approfondimento seguito dall’autrice, al fine di ampliare l’alveo dei diritti disponibili, con un rifiuto netto del principio del c.d. paternalismo (forte) quale criterio di legittimazione dell’intervento penale e negazione, dunque, della legittimità di una tutela (penale) dell’individuo "da se stesso". Silvia Tordini Cagli è attualmente ricercatore di Diritto penale presso la Facoltà di Giurisprudenza dell’Università degli Studi di Bologna. È altresì titolare dell’insegnamento di Diritto penale generale e del lavoro nell’ambito del corso di laurea per Consulente del lavoro. Ha conseguito il titolo di dottore di ricerca in Diritto penale presso l’Università degli Studi di Parma ed è stata titolare di assegno di ricerca in Diritto penale presso l’Università degli Studi di Bologna. Tra le sue pubblicazioni si segnala: "Peculato e malversazione", voce in Digesto delle discipline penalistiche , vol. IX, Torino, 1995, 334 ss.; Condotta della vittima ed analisi del reato , in "Rivista italiana di diritto e procedura penale", 2000, 3, 1148 ss.; "La rilevanza penale dell’eutanasia tra indisponibilità della vita e principio di autodeterminazione", in Nuove esigenze di tutela nell’ambito dei reati contro la persona , a cura di S. Canestrari e G. Fornasari, Bologna, 2001; "Delitto preterintenzionale e principio di colpevolezza", in Casi e materiali di diritto penale , Parte generale, vol. I, a cura di A. Cadoppi, S. Canestrari, Milano, 2002; "Accanimento terapeutico o eutanasia neonatale?", in Medicina, bioetica e diritto , a cura di P. Funghi e F. Giunta, Pisa, 2005, 265 ss.; "Consenso dell’avente diritto", voce in Il Diritto , Enc. Giur. del Sole 24 ore, 2007, vol. III.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "SS 202/304"
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Wire, Gary L., i William J. Mills. "Fatigue Crack Propagation from Notched Specimens of 304 SS in an Elevated Temperature Aqueous Environment". W ASME 2002 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2002-1232.
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Fatigue crack propagation (FCP) rates for 304 stainless steel (304SS) were determined in 24°C and 288°C air and 288°C water using double-edged notch (DEN) specimens of 304 stainless steel (304 SS). Tests performed at matched loading conditions in air and water at 288°C with 20–60 cc H2/kg H2O provided a direct comparison of the relative crack growth rates in air and water over a wide range of crack growth rates. The DEN crack extension ranged from short cracks (0.03–0.25 mm) to long cracks up to 4.06 mm beyond the notch, which are consistent with conventional deep crack tests. Crack growth rates of 304 SS in water were about 12 times the air rate. This 12X environmental enhancement persisted to crack extensions up to 4.06 mm, far outside the range associated with short crack effects. The large environmental degradation for 304 SS crack growth is consistent with the strong reduction of fatigue life in high hydrogen water. Further, very similar environmental effects were reported in fatigue crack growth tests in hydrogen water chemistry (HWC). Most literature data in high hydrogen water show only a mild environmental effect for 304 SS, of order 2.5 times air or less, but the tests were predominantly performed at high cyclic stress intensity or equivalently, high air rates. The environmental effect in low oxygen environments at low stress intensity depends strongly on both the stress ratio, R, and the load rise time, Tr, as recently reported for austenitic stainless steel in BWR water. Fractography was performed for both tests in air and water. At 288°C in water, the fracture surfaces were crisply faceted with a crystallographic appearance, and showed striations under high magnification. The cleavage-like facets on the fracture surfaces suggest that hydrogen embrittlement is the primary cause of accelerated cracking.
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NATARAJAN PhD, Balaji, BALASUBRAMANI SUBRAMANIAN, KANNAN KANAGARAJ i Soundararajan R. "Experimental Study on SS 304 Sheet Metal for Bending Process Optimization using Response Surface Method". W International Conference on Advances in Design, Materials, Manufacturing and Surface Engineering for Mobility. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2021-28-0268.
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Salve, Aniket Vinayak, i Ashok Mache. "Friction and Wear Studies on Jute Fiber and SS 304 Wire Mesh Reinforced Hybrid Polymer Composites for Automotive Applications". W WCX SAE World Congress Experience. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2023-01-0727.
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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Automotive industry is looking for high strength and durable lightweight material with resistance to wear and friction. To meet this requirement, a new hybrid polymer composite material has been developed using reinforcement as SS 304 wire mesh and jute fibre. Present paper explores the experimental findings of wear performance of hybrid polymer composite under dry condition. Four different laminates with configurations JJSJJSJJ, (JJSJJSJJ)45<sup>0</sup>, GGSGGSGG and GJSJJSJG along with their virgin counterpart were developed by hand layup technique supported by compression moulding. These laminates were tested as per the ASTM standards to investigate its performance for friction and wear using pin on disc machine with steel as a counterpart. Testing parameters were sliding distance, applied load and sliding speed. Experimental results showed that, applied load have major influence on the friction and wear performance of developed hybrid composites. As load rises, friction force value increases with increased specific wear rate for entire composites. With hybridization of composite laminates, the frication and wear performance has improved as their virgin counterpart. The study demonstrates that wire mesh added to hybrid polymer composites during manufacturing increases the composite's wear resistance. This developed hybrid composite material has great potential to replace metal or alloy in automobile door trim panels where friction and wear are dominates.</div></div>
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Evans, William M. E., i G. L. Wire. "Results of High Stress Ratio and Low Stress Intensity on Fatigue Crack Growth Rates for 304 Stainless Steel in 288°C Water". W ASME 2002 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2002-1226.
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Fatigue crack growth rate tests were performed on a 304 stainless steel compact tension (CT) specimen in water with 40–60 cc/kg H2. Data in the literature for CT tests show minor environmental effects in hydrogenated water, but higher effects in oxygenated water. However, the PWR data presented by Bernard, et al (1979) were taken at low stress ratios (R = 0.05) and high stress intensity levels (ΔK = 16–41 MPa√m). The purpose of these tests is to explore the crack growth rate characteristics of 304 SS in hydrogenated water at higher R values (0.7 and 0.83) and lower ΔK values (11.0 and 7.7 MPa√m) Each set of R, ΔK conditions were tested at frequencies of 0.1, 0.01 and 0.001 Hz. The results show a pronounced effect on crack growth rates when compared to available literature data on air rates.
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Wu, Huanchun, Xinming Meng, Yaolei Han, Yanwei Zhang i Qunjia Peng. "Effect of Surface Machining on Stress Corrosion Cracking Sensitivity of 304L and 316L Austenite Stainless Steel". W 2022 29th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone29-90466.
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Abstract 304L/316L austenitic stainless steels (SSs) often used for main pipe of PWR nuclear power plant. Surface machining has a significant effect on microstructure and residual stress of SS, which further affects its stress corrosion cracking (SCC) sensitivity. The present study results show that, the SCC sensitivity of machined specimens increases significantly tested in 300 °C high temperature and high pressure water environment by the slow strain rate tensile test (SSRT). It increased from less than 10% of polished specimens to 20–30% of machined specimen for SCC sensitivity. It was found that the machined specimen showed as cleavage cracking, while the polished specimen was shown as ductile cracking with obviously fracture necking phenomenon. The mechanism of SCC of two kinds of SSs materials focused on the deformation layer of machined specimen was analysed, and the model of SCC initiation caused by nanocrystalline layer was established.
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Tsutsumi, Kazuya, Nicolas Huin, Thierry Couvant, Gilbert Henaff, Jose Mendez i Denis Chollet. "Fatigue Life of the Strain Hardened Austenitic Stainless Steel in Simulated PWR Primary Water". W ASME 2012 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2012-78301.
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Over the last 20 years or so, many studies have revealed the deleterious effect of the environment on fatigue life of austenitic stainless steels in pressurized water reactor (PWR) primary water. The fatigue life correlation factor, so-called Fen, has been standardized to consider the effect on fatigue life evaluation. The formulations are function of strain rate and temperature due to their noticeable negative effect compared with other factors [1,2]. However, mechanism causing fatigue life reduction remains to be cleared. As one of possible approaches to examine underlying mechanism of environmental effect, the authors focused on the effect of plastic strain, because it could lead microstructural evolution on the material. In addition, in the case of stress corrosion cracking (SCC), it is well known that the strain-hardening prior to exposure to the primary water can lead to remarkable increase of the susceptibility to cracking [3,4]. However, its effect on fatigue life has not explicitly been investigated yet. The main effort in this study addressed the effect of the prior strain-hardening on low cycle fatigue life of 304L stainless steel (SS) exposed to the PWR primary water. A plate of 304LSS was strain hardened by cold rolling or tension prior to fatigue testing. The tests were performed under axial strain-controlled at 300 °C in primary water including B/Li and dissolved hydrogen, and in air. The effect on environmental fatigue life was investigated through a comparison of the Fen in experiments and in regulations, and also the effect on the fatigue limit defined at 106 cycles was discussed.
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Sippy, Haresh K. "Welding Tube to Tubesheet Joints for Corrosion Resisting Applications". W ASME 2021 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2021-60974.
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Abstract The work in this paper relates to an improved tube to tubesheet joint in a shell and tube type heat exchanger that have dissimilar metallurgies of tube and tubesheet. This improved tube to tubesheet joint configuration will not only impart reliability and strength to the mechanical integrity of the joint but also reduce the costs of the manufacturing without compromising the functional performance of the exchanger. In a shell and tube heat exchanger, generally the material of tubes may be similar to the tubesheet or of a higher corrosion resistant grade in comparison to that of the tubesheet. Conventionally, shell and tube heat exchangers that involve dissimilar materials of tube and tubesheet are either: i. Tubes welded directly to the tubesheet with matching grade weld metal or ii. The tubesheets are clad / weld overlaid with the higher corrosion resistant material or material similar to the tube material For purpose of this study, we have considered the material of tube as stainless steel type 304L and that of tubesheet as carbon steel. The above case 1 wherein the SS-304L tubes are directly welded to the CS tubesheet, may have the following advantages: i. Manufacturing time is less. ii. Tubes are attached to the base metal and hence free from defects of weld overlay or cladding, if any. In case 2, wherein the SS-304L tubes are welded to the SS-304L clad / weld overlaid portion of tubesheet, the advantages are: i. Welding takes place between two austenitic stainless steel grades, hence PWHT is not required. ii. The tube to tubesheet joint and adjacent material is of austenitic stainless steel grade, hence has better corrosion resistance. The main objective of the work done and reported in this paper is to combine the advantages of the above two cases thereby: i. Reducing the cost of manufacturing ii. Increasing the mechanical reliability of the tube to tubesheet joint. Extensive trials were carried out on sample tube to tube sheet joints, the results and conclusions of which are reported in this paper.
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Hermawan, Erwan, Suprapto, Usman Sudjadi, Juan Carlos S., Deswita i Slamet P. "Effect of nitrocarburizing and argon admixing to SS 304 material for radioactive liquid waste storage facility in radiometallurgical installation". W THE 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES AND SCIENCES (ICoNETS) 2021. AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0093846.
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Waheed, Rehan, Hasan Aftab Saeed, Sajid Ullah Butt i Zahid Faraz. "Process Optimization of Bending SS 304L Sheets using Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm and FEA". W 2021 International Bhurban Conference on Applied Sciences and Technologies (IBCAST). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ibcast51254.2021.9393207.
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Wahono, Wahono, Ido Verla Sunday, Aminnudin Aminnudin, Redyarsa Dharma Bintara, Abu Saad Ansari i Yanuar Rohmat Aji Pradana. "Investigation on the shear strength of Nylon 6 – SS 304 FLW joint under traverse speed and hole row distance variation". W PROCEEDINGS OF THE 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF GREEN CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING (GCEE 2021). AIP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0072809.
Pełny tekst źródłaRaporty organizacyjne na temat "SS 202/304"
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Holmgren, Kerstin, Nuno Prista i Magnus Dahlberg. Revidering av miljöövervakningen i trendsjöar : färre nät eller färre provfisken? Department of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54612/a.8ev6iu5kr4.
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Sedan år 2007 utförs standardiserade provfisken med nordiska översiktsnät (SS-EN 14757) i knappt hälften av de så kallade trendsjöarna inom nationell miljöövervakning. 15 sjöar provfiskas varje år och 30 vart 6-e år, med 8-48 bottennät och 0-10 pelagiska nät, beroende på sjöns area och djup. Vi utredde om det går att upptäcka skillnader mellan år med färre nät och trender över tid med glesare än årlig frekvens. I så fall ryms fler sjöar inom oförändrad budget, och nuvarande sjöar kan behållas om budgeten minskar. Dessutom ska svenska myndigheter ska sträva efter att minska onödigt lidande och dödande i förhållande till nyttan vid användningen av försöksdjur, i enlighet med principen 3R (reduce, refine, replace). I denna rapport fokuserade vi på konsekvenser för kvaliteten på insamlade data genom; 1. ett minskat antal lagda nät vid ett givet provfiske, 2. en minskad frekvens till vart annat år för sjöar som idag provfiskas varje år. Dessutom indikerade vi hur kostnader (antal fältdagar) kan påverkas av förändrad nätläggning i tid och rum. Med begränsad tid till punkt 1 analyserades data från en sjö (Stensjön), som grund till senare analyser för andra sjöar. Vi använde en beräkningsmetod ifrån tidigare optimering av kustfiskövervakningen, modifierad för beräkning av artspecifik fångst per ansträngning (antal och biomassa) och de indikatorer som ingår i tre multimetriska fiskindex som används i bedömning av ekologisk status enligt ramdirektivet för vatten. Via bootstrap gjordes 10000 slumpmässiga urval av åtta nät vardera i tre djupstrata (standard för en sjö av Stensjöns storlek), för varje år under 1994- 2021. Därefter upprepades proceduren med sju, sex, fem och fyra nät per djupstratum och år. Med nuvarande nätansträngning uppfylldes målet att särskilja skillnader på 100% mellan år i ansträngning mellan år för de vanligaste fiskarterna i sjön och för alla indikatorer i bedömningsgrunderna. I just denna sjö skulle vi ha upptäckt skillnader mellan år med de lägsta och de högsta observerade värdena även om vi bara hade lagt sex eller fler nät per djupstratum. För punkt 2 analyserades befintliga dataserier från 15 sjöar som nu provfiskas varje år. Ickeparametriska trendtester visade att med provfisken vart annat år var sannolikheten lägre att vi skulle ha upptäckt ökningar eller minskningar över tid jämfört med provfisken varje år. Några åldersbaserade indikatorer kunde dock beräknas för alla år, även på urval av prover tagna vart annat år. Med provtagning vart annat år kunde en ökande trend i abborrens storlek upptäckas för 61% av signifikanta trender med provtagning varje år. För de vanligaste arterna abborre och mört kunde vi i 74 respektive 68 % av jämförelserna upptäcka samma starka eller svaga årsklasser med prover från vartannat som med prover från alla år. Hypotetiska beräkningar indikerade att flest fältdagar (195) skulle frigöras per sexårsperiod om 15 sjöar med årligt provfiske istället provfiskas vart annat år. Det skulle kunna motsvara provfiske en gång vart sjätte år i många av de trendsjöar som idag saknar provfiske. 57 fältdagar skulle frigöras om frekvensen halverades i de fyra sjöar som bara har årliga provfisken sedan 2007. Minskning med en fältdag per provfiske i sjöar med en ansträngning på minst 24 nät motsvarar 68 frigjorda fältdagar. Alla reduktioner av antal lagda nät skulle leda till färre dödade fiskar per sjö och sexårsperiod, i linje med 3R-strategin. Sjöar med årligt provfiske ger viktig information om mellanårsvariation, som behövs för att tolka resultat från sjöar med glesare provfiskefrekvens, i den nationella miljöövervakningen och i program som drivs av andra aktörer. Ur detta perspektiv är det klokast att försöka minska antal nät per provfiske, om det kan göras med godtagbar kvalitetssänkning. En sådan bedömning behöver göras för varje sjö, t.ex. med den metod som i detta projekt anpassades till data från Stensjön.
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LOW-TEMPERATURE COMPRESSION BEHAVIOUR OF CIRCULAR STUB STAINLESS-STEEL TUBULAR COLUMNS. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, wrzesień 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/ijasc.2022.18.3.4.
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This paper firstly studies mechanical properties of stainless steel (SS) S30408 at the low temperature (T) range of -80~20℃. Further compression tests are carried out on 20 SS stub tubular columns (SSSTCs) at low temperatures of -80, -60, -30, and 20℃ to investigate their low-temperature compression behaviour. Including the testing low temperatures, the wall thickness of SS tube (t) is the other investigated parameters. Test results show that decreasing the T from 20 to -80℃ improves the yield and ultimate strength of stainless steel by 29% and 80%, respectively, but reduces its ductility by about 25%. Under low-temperature compression, elephant foot local buckling occurs to most of SSSTCs and inelastic inward and outward local buckling occurred to specimens with 6 mm-thick SS tube. Test results also show that the decreasing T value increases the strength and stiffness of SSSTCs, but compromises their ductility; the wall thickness of SSSTCs significantly improves their strength, stiffness, and ductility. This paper also develops 3D finite element model (FEM) to estimate the low-temperature compression behaviour of SSSTCs, which considers nonlinearities of material and geometry, geometric imperfections, and influences of low temperatures. The validations show it predicts reasonably well the low-temperature compression behaviours of SSSTCs.