Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / SPS Agreement

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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „SPS Agreement”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 1 lutego 2022

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "SPS Agreement"

EPPS, TRACEY. "Reconciling public opinion and WTO rules under the SPS Agreement". World Trade Review 7, nr 2 (kwiecień 2008): 359–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474745608003819.

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AbstractThe WTO Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (the SPS Agreement) allows Members to enact SPS measures necessary to protect health so long as they are based on scientific evidence. This scientific evidence requirement has attracted controversy among academics, policy-makers, and civil society. The argument has been advanced that the requirement inappropriately excludes the consideration of public opinion in the domestic risk regulatory decision-making process. The article addresses the question of whether it is possible to reconcile the SPS Agreement's requirement for scientific evidence with concerns regarding exclusion of the public voice in the domestic regulatory process. It responds positively to this query, subject to certain caveats to ensure that trade liberalization goals are not undermined. It argues that the scientific evidence requirement is not only the most appropriate means available for advancing the SPS Agreement's objectives, but that it provides countries with more flexibility than critics contend, including to respond to public sentiment in cases of scientific uncertainty. Recommendations are made as to how panels and the Appellate Body should proceed in disputes under the SPS Agreement, and how governments can comply with their trade obligations while remaining responsive to public concerns.

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Mustafa, Khalid. "Barriers against Agricultural Exports from Pakistan: The Role of WTO Sanitary and Phytosanitary Agreement". Pakistan Development Review 42, nr 4II (1.12.2003): 487–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v42i4iipp.487-510.

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There has been growing recognition that Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) agreement can impede trade in agricultural and food products. Pakistan, in particular experiences problems in meeting the SPS requirements of developed countries and, it is claimed, this can seriously impede its ability to export agricultural and food products. Attempts have been made to reduce the trade distortive effects of SPS measures through, for example, the World Trade Organisation (WTO) SPS Agreement, although it is claimed that current initiatives fail to address many of the key problems experienced by Pakistan and other developing countries. The present paper explores implications of Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) agreement on exports of agricultural and food products from Pakistan. It identifies the problems that Pakistan faces in meeting SPS requirements and how these relate to the nature of SPS measures and the compliance resources available to Government of Pakistan and the supply chain. The paper examines the impact of SPS agreement on the extent to which SPS measures impede exports from Pakistan. It identifies the problems that limit participation of Pakistan in the SPS agreement and its concerns about the way in which it currently operates.

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WOUTERS, JAN, i DYLAN GERAETS. "Private food standards and the World Trade Organization: some legal considerations". World Trade Review 11, nr 3 (lipiec 2012): 479–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474745612000237.

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AbstractPrivate standards have increasingly become a contentious issue in the multilateral trading system. The ever increasing number of sector-specific standards developed by businesses, in particular in the food market, may have significant implications for developing countries in terms of market access. Some countries see private food standards as a particular form of non-tariff barriers. The World Trade Organization (WTO) deals with non-tariff barriers in the Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS Agreement) and in the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT Agreement). This paper examines to what extent these agreements cover private standards, as they were originally intended to regulate standard-setting by public authorities. We find that there is an important difference between the SPS Agreement and the TBT Agreement in that the drafters of the latter realized the importance of the private sector in standard-setting. Finally, we discuss whether a ‘Code of Good Practice for the Preparation, Adoption and Application of Standards’, similar to that under the TBT Agreement, could be adopted under the SPS Agreement.

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Kepych, Taras. "Ukrainian Sanitary and Phytosanitary Laws Approximation to EU Acquis Under Association Agreement Including Agreement on Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area (DCFTA)". EU agrarian Law 3, nr 2 (2.02.2015): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eual-2014-0011.

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AbstractThe paper reviews the achievements to date in legal approximation in the sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) field in Ukraine. Effective regulatory approximation in the SPS field was critical to anchoring the reform process in Ukraine and to fostering further progress in EU’s relations with this Eastern Partnership (EaP) country. This paper highlights three major problems in Ukraine that were hindering reform in the SPS field: inconsistency between Ukrainian and EU food safety legislation, lack of uniformity between animal health law regimes, absence of a single SPS regulator. Legal implementation of approximated legislation still remains as key challenge. The paper offers recommendations to improve the Ukraine’s approach so that the Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area (DCFTA) is part of the Association Agreement (AA) between the EU and the Republic of Ukraine could fulfill its potential.

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Gruszczynski, Lukasz. "United States: Certain Measures Affecting Imports of Poultry from China – Just Another SPS Case?" European Journal of Risk Regulation 2, nr 3 (wrzesień 2011): 432–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1867299x0000146x.

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The SPS Agreement may apply to budgetary measures if they are motivated by SPS concerns. Equivalence-based measures are subject to regular disciplines of the SPS Agreement, including but not limited to Article 4. This means that WTO Members when engaging in the recognition process need to observe other SPS provisions such as requirement of scientific risk assessment (Articles 5.1–5.3) or quasi-consistency obligation of Article 5.5. An SPS measure which has been found inconsistent with certain provisions of the SPS Agreement (e.g. Articles 2 and 5), cannot be later justified under the general exception of Article XX(b) of the GATT 1994 (author's headnote).

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Gruszczynski, Lukasz. "Science in the Process of Risk Regulation under the WTO Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures". German Law Journal 7, nr 4 (1.04.2006): 371–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200004739.

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This article attempts to present a comprehensive and coherent picture of the position occupied by science under the SPS Agreement and in the SPS case law. It claims that the approach adopted by the Appellate Body reflects the explicit language of the SPS Agreement and is predominantly based on a technical paradigm. In consequence, science plays a critical role in distinguishing between legal and illegal SPS measures.The article argues that such an approach is generally compatible with the text of the SPS Agreement and provides a coherent SPS system. However, it also identifies certain areas, which lack coherence, as certain standards seem to violate the right of the Member States to establish an appropriate level of protection. These are: ascertainability of the risk as a precondition for valid risk assessment; strict specifity of the risk assessment in low-risk situations; the proportionality between the risk identified and the SPS measure; the notion of negligible risks; and the concept of likelihood in the quarantine risk assessments. The article claims that these standards cannot be generally applied in SPS disputes as, in certain situations, they will result in the violation of the right of the Member States to establish an appropriate level of SPS protection. Finally, a number of specific issues, which require resolution, are highlighted, namely the quality of minority scientific opinions, the relationship between the insufficiency of scientific evidence and scientific uncertainty. The article suggests that the ultimate role ascribed to science under the SPS Agreement can be assessed only after an interpretation of those issues is provided by future case law.

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Kim, Cheolsoo. "A Study on the Reasonable Necessity Test of SPS Measures under the SPS Agreement". Korea Association for International Commerce and Information 21, nr 2 (30.06.2019): 163–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15798/kaici.2019.21.2.163.

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Vergano, Paolo R., i Tobias Dolle. "The Trade Law Consequences of “Brexit”". European Journal of Risk Regulation 7, nr 4 (grudzień 2016): 795–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1867299x00010229.

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AbstractThis section highlights the interface between international trade and investment law and municipal and international risk regulation. It is meant to cover cases and other legal developments in WTO law (SPS, TBT and TRIPS Agreements and the general exceptions in both GATT 1994 and GATS), bilateral investment treaty arbitration and other free trade agreements such as NAFTA. Pertinent developments in international standardization bodies recognized by the SPS and TBT Agreement are also covered.

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Lee, Yong-Shik. "Regulatory Autonomy under the WTO Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures: Implications of Korea–Import Bans, and Testing and Certification Requirements for Radionuclides". World Trade Review 20, nr 3 (14.04.2021): 321–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s147474562100001x.

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AbstractThe recent WTO dispute case, Korea–Import Bans, and Testing and Certification Requirements for Radionuclides, illustrates complex legal issues and significant political implications associated with the regulatory autonomy of a sovereign country under the WTO Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS Agreement). There has been constant tension between the sovereign right of a WTO member state to determine its own appropriate level of protection (ALOP) and the regulatory constraints imposed under the SPS Agreement to prevent abuse and disguised trade protection. The case emerged from this tension and raises questions on the extent of the regulatory autonomy in the application of an SPS measure. This article addresses these questions and examines the criteria for the qualitative standards for the ALOP, the question that the Appellate Body decision did not fully resolve. The criteria for the qualitative ALOP standards affect the regulatory autonomy significantly under the current SPS rules as they determine the manner and the extent to which a Member may meet the sensitive public interests in the application of an SPS measure. The article proposes a rational basis test to restrain abuse of SPS measures while preserving the regulatory autonomy protected under the SPS Agreement.

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VILLALTA PUIG, GONZALO, i ERIC D. DALKE. "Nature and Enforceability of WTO-plus SPS and TBT Provisions in Canada's PTAs: From NAFTA to CETA". World Trade Review 15, nr 1 (19.10.2015): 51–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474745615000464.

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AbstractSafety standards can function as non-tariff barriers to trade. Canada is a large exporter of goods and so it has an interest in the regulation of safety standards, both at the multilateral level through its membership of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and, most especially, at the bilateral and regional level through its Preferential Trade Agreements (PTAs). Canada has signed PTAs with provisions that go beyond the obligations of WTO Members under the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures and the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade. This article analyses the nature and enforceability of WTO-plus provisions on sanitary and phytosanitary standards (SPS) as well as product standards (TBT) in Canada's PTAs, from the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) between Canada, Mexico, and the United States to the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) between Canada and the European Union. First, it finds that the inclusion of WTO-plus SPS and TBT provisions in Canada's PTAs is a relatively recent practice that is still in development. Only about half of Canada's PTAs contain WTO-plus SPS and TBT provisions and, those treaties that do, commonly concern institutions for regulatory cooperation and information exchange arrangements, without much commitment to harmonization. Secondly, it finds that nearly half of the SPS and TBT provisions in Canada's PTAs are unenforceable. They either are in a language that is too imprecise for enforcement or do not allow access to a dispute settlement mechanism. Thirdly, it finds that, by global standards, most of Canada's PTAs are modest in their approach to SPS and TBT issues, with NAFTA and CETA as key exceptions. The article concludes that the extent to which regulatory convergence occurs on safety standards for Canada is dependent more on political cooperation between the parties than on the nature and enforceability of SPS and TBT provisions in its PTAs.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "SPS Agreement"

Serwadda, Muhsin. "An Assessment of the application of the Sanitary and phytosanitary agreement of the WTO and its impact on International Trade: A Sub-Saharan perspective". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_5280_1255011225.

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A lot of work has been done regart=ding the SPS agreement and its impact on iternational trade, though not so connclusive. The study, however, is going to deal specifically with an impact of the SPS agreement to the SSA countries, by analysing the balance beween protection of human, animal and plant life or health on the one hand and promotion of international trade in this region.

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Riley, Sophie Law Faculty of Law UNSW. "Invasive alien species and the protection of biodiversity: the role of quarantine laws in resolving inadequacies in the international legal regime". Publisher:University of New South Wales. Law, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/41301.

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The problem of invasive alien species (IAS) is recognized as the second most serious threat to loss of biodiversity after habitat destruction. It is a problem largely created by humans as they transport and introduce species, deliberately and accidentally, from one part of the globe to another. The pressures exerted on biodiversity by international trade are one of the most serious aspects of the IAS problem. Although states are under obligations in international environmental law to prevent the entry of, and control, those alien species that threaten biodiversity, to date state practice has often been found wanting. In particular, quarantine regulation, which can be a state??s first line of defence against IAS, is mainly used by states to protect their farming and agricultural product sectors rather than biodiversity at large. The reasons for this include lack of domestic resources and lack of guidance at the international level. However, even if states were to expand the purview of quarantine, the question arises whether they would be able to use quarantine regulation to protect biodiversity from IAS while simultaneously fulfilling their international trade law obligations. This study seeks to answer this question by examining international environmental law and international trade law in their application to quarantine regulation. In doing so, the study identifies many areas of conflict. The different policies that underpin environmental and trade regimes mean that environmental concepts, such as the precautionary principle and the ecosystem approach, are difficult to apply within the international trade law regime. A way of achieving a more harmonized international response to the problem of IAS is suggested by incorporating environmental considerations into the international standards used by states to design and implement domestic quarantine measures. To facilitate the practical implementation of international standards the study further recommends appropriate financial and institutional capacity building mechanisms.

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Macfarlane, Abbey-Jean. "The Harmonisation and Regionalisation Obligations of The SPS Agreement and The Issues Facing These Obligations". Master's thesis, Faculty of Law, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/11427/31615.

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This dissertation examines the obligations created by Article 3 and Article 6 of the SPS Agreement. It uses Reports accepted by down by the Dispute Settlement Body to find and unpack the interpretation of both Article 3 and 6. These interpretations will be unpacked and examined in detail It further identifies issues and challenges facing these Articles and the obligations which they create. This discussion is held primarily within the context of Developing Country Members. In relation to this discussion policy suggestions will be given forward as possible solutions to certain of the issues and challenges identified. In the course of this discussion the current dispute, which is still in the consultations phase, between Indonesia and Brazil regarding the Importation of Bovine Meat is examined. This paper attempts to provide a probable outcome should this dispute appear before a panel. This outcome relates exclusively to the Article 3 and Article 6 sections of this dispute.

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Yi, Yun-Jung. "Standards and science in trade regulation in the global age : a critique of the WTO SPS agreement in relation to public health and safety concerns". Thesis, Lancaster University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.422035.

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Bondarczuk, Eduardo Henrique. "Funções do Comitê Sanitário e Fitossanitário da Organização Mundial do Comércio : o comitê como foro harmonizador e solucionador de conflitos". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/134405.

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Após a criação do Acordo Geral Sobre Pautas Aduaneiras e Comércio (GATT) em 1947, as barreiras não tarifárias passaram a ser o principal instrumento utilizado pelos países para a proteção do mercado nacional. Os países que buscavam a liberalização do comércio internacional passaram, então, a buscar soluções a fim de conter tais barreiras. Havia uma dificuldade em identificar quando uma medida que restringia o comércio internacional era uma proteção disfarçada ao comércio de quando ela perseguia fins legítimos como a proteção da saúde humana e animal. Com o advento da Organização Mundial do Comércio (OMC), alguns acordos anexos foram assinados que visavam diferenciar essas medidas e proteger a liberdade comercial alcançada nas rodadas do GATT. Entre esses acordos, entrou em vigor o Acordo sobre Barreiras Sanitárias e Fitossanitárias (SPS) que trata de medidas que visam proteger a vida e a saúde humana, animal e vegetal. Esse acordo, apesar de essencial para um país exportador de commodities como o Brasil, recebeu pouca atenção da academia jurídica brasileira. Buscando amenizar essa lacuna, o presente trabalho se propôs a aprofundar o estudo do acordo sob uma perspectiva jurídica. Assim, sua origem, seu escopo de aplicação, seus princípios e características, e sua aplicação no Sistema de Solução de Controvérsias (SSC) da OMC são explanados no primeiro capítulo dessa dissertação O Acordo SPS também estabeleceu a criação do Comitê sobre Barreiras Sanitárias e Fitossanitárias (Comitê SPS) que administra a aplicação e o debate dos temas relacionados ao acordo. E é sobre esse comitê que o segundo capítulo dessa pesquisa se debruça. O objetivo da dissertação é demonstrar e melhor compreender que, apesar do comitê possuir diversas funções, duas são de extrema relevância, a saber, seu papel como harmonizador internacional e como solucionador de conflitos. Na persecução desses objetivos, o comitê conta com diversos instrumentos como as notificações e as preocupações comerciais específicas (PCEs) que são estudadas e detalhadas no presente trabalho. Para desenvolver essa pesquisa, foram realizados levantamentos bibliográficos, documentais e jurisprudenciais junto à OMC e a outras instituições e, a partir dos dados coletados, foi aplicado o método hipotético-dedutivo. Os resultados vieram a comprovar e a limitar o escopo da natureza harmonizadora e solucionadora de conflitos do Comitê SPS, esclarecendo os meandros do trabalho diplomático no seio do comitê. Resta claro que o comitê é um ator essencial e ativo no comércio internacional.
After the creation of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) in 1947, the non-tariff barriers have become the main instrument used by countries to protect their national markets. Countries seeking liberalization of international trade began, then, to seek solutions in order to restrain such barriers. There was a difficulty in identifying when a measure that restricting the international trade was a disguised trade protection from when it pursued legitimate purposes such as the protection of the human and animal health and lives. With the advent of the World Trade Organization (WTO), some attachments agreements were signed in order to differentiate between these measures and to protect the free trade achieved in the GATT rounds. Among these agreements, entered into force the Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Barriers (SPS) that deals with measures to protect human, animal and plant health and lives. This agreement, although essential to a commodities exporter such as Brazil, received little attention from the Brazilian legal academia. Seeking to mitigate this gap, this study aimed to further study the agreement in a legal perspective. Thus, its origin, its scope of application, its principles and features, and its application in the WTO Dispute Settlement System (SSC) are explained in the first chapter of this dissertation. The SPS Agreement also established the creation of the Committee on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Barriers (SPS Committee) that manages the application and discussion of issues related to the agreement. Moreover, it is on this committee that the second chapter of this research focuses The purpose of this research is to demonstrate and to understand that, although the committee has several functions, two are of utmost importance, namely its role as international harmonizer and as conflict solver. In pursuing these objectives, the committee uses several instruments such as the notifications and the specific trade concerns (STCs) that are studied and detailed in this paper. To develop this research, bibliographical, documentary and jurisprudential surveys within the data of WTO and other institutions were conducted, and based on the data collected, it was applied the hypothetical-deductive method. The results came to prove and to define the scope of the SPS Committee as an international harmonizer and as a conflict solver, explaining the intricacies of diplomatic work within the committee. Therefore, it is clear that the committee is an essential and active player in international trade.

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Qin, Quan. "La sécurité alimentaire en droit international du commerce". Thesis, Paris 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA020049/document.

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Garantir la sécurité alimentaire demeure une responsabilité primordiale des gouvernements et de la communauté internationale. Le droit international, moyen principal d’encadrer les comportements des Etats et de rendre exécutoires les stratégies internationales, n’a toutefois pas pu faciliter effectivement la lutte contre la faim dans le monde. C’est particulièrement le cas des normes juridiques élaborées dans le cadre de l’OMC. En définissant les termes et conditions du commerce international des produits agricoles, ces normes exercent une influence majeure sur la sécurité alimentaire tant au niveau international qu’au niveau national. Si les accords de l’OMC offrent à ses Membres certains moyens pour faire face au problème alimentaire, ces moyens ne sont ni suffisants ni efficaces pour atteindre cet objectif. Ayant privilégié constamment les considérations commerciales par rapport aux impératifs alimentaires, les règles de l’OMC relatives au commerce agricole contribuent à restreindre sérieusement l’autonomie des Membres qui souhaitent améliorer leur situation de sécurité alimentaire. Ainsi, les politiques internationales régissant le commerce agricole devraient être reformulées, de sorte que les Membres de l’OMC puissent répondre aux besoins vivriers des peuples. Si une telle réforme ne parvient pas, pour l’instant, à établir des règles permettant aux Membres de l’OMC en déficit alimentaire de générer effectivement des ressources pour se procurer des aliments, elle doit viser au minimum à neutraliser les impacts négatifs des politiques commerciales en vigueur. Faute de cela, le système actuel d’échanges multilatéraux risque de perdre sa légitimité et sa crédibilité
Today’s world food situation is particularly disturbing. To guarantee food security for all remains the primary responsibility of governments and international society. As one of the major instruments to implement international strategy for food security, international law has failed to provide effective solution to mitigate the factors that contribute to food insecurity. This is particularly what happened when food problem was treated within WTO. Having established the terms and conditions of international trade in food and agricultural products, WTO trade regulations have major influence on food security both at international level and at national level. Even if the relevant WTO agreements did offer certain policy approaches to its Members to tackle their food problem, these policy approaches are neither sufficient nor efficient to achieve this goal. By constantly prioritizing commercial considerations over food concerns, WTO rules related to trade in agriculture seriously restrict the exercise of discretionary power of those Members who wish to improve their food situation. Therefore, international trade policies must be reformed, so that WTO Members can take creative measures to meet their people’s basic needs. Even it appears still difficult at present to create new rules that may allow food-deficit Members to generate sufficient income to guarantee their access to food; this reform must at least search for effective solutions to offset the negative impacts of trade policies on food security. Otherwise, the legitimacy and credibility of current global trading system will be at risk

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Fredebeil, Uta. "Aktienemissionen : das underwriting agreement (der Übernahmevertrag) und seine spezifischen Klauseln /". Frankfurt am Main [u.a.] : Lang, 2002. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/337451842.pdf.

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Bartels, Lorand. "Human rights conditionality in the EU's international agreements /". Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press, 2005. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/490848184.pdf.

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Ziemer, Jonna. "Das gemeinsame Interesse an einer Regelung der Hochseefischerei : dargestellt am Beispiel des Fish Stocks Agreement /". Berlin : Duncker & Humblot, 2000. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/314046569.pdf.

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Eckert, Martin Georges. "Die Liberalisierung internationaler Finanzdienstleistungen durch das General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) : unter besonderer Berücksichtigung internationaler Bankdienstleistungen /". Hamburg : Lit, 1997. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/278824676.pdf.

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Książki na temat "SPS Agreement"

Jensen, Michael Friis. Reviewing the SPS Agreement: A developing country's perspective. Copenhagen, Denmark]: Centre for Development Research, 2002.

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Anderson, Kym, Cheryl McRae i David Wilson, red. The Economics of Quarantine and the SPS Agreement. Adelaide: University of Adelaide Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781922064325.

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Prabhash, Ranjan, i CUTS Centre for International Trade, Economics & Environment (Jaipur, India), red. Dealing with protectionist standard setting: Effectiveness of WTO agreement on SPS and TBT. Jaipur: CUTS Centre for International Trade, Economics & Environment, 2003.

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Gruszczynski, Lukasz. Regulating health and environmental risks under WTO law: A critical analysis of the SPS agreement. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010.

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Regulating health and environmental risks under WTO law: A critical analysis of the SPS agreement. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010.

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International trade and health protection: A critical assessment of the WTO's SPS agreement /c by Tracey Epps. Cheltenham, UK: E. Elgar, 2008.

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SPS xie ding yu wo guo jian yan jian yi fa lü ti xi de wan shan: SPS xieding yu woguo jianyan jianyi falü tixi de wanshan. Beijing Shi: Zhongguo zheng fa da xue chu ban she, 2014.

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Sciarini, Pascal. GATT-Europe: La Suisse face à ses paysans. Genève: Georg Editeur, 1995.

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Lášek, Radan. Jednotka určení SOS. Praha: Codyprint, 2006.

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Bourassa, Henri. La convention douanière entre le Canada et les États-Unis: Sa nature, ses conséquences. [Montréal?: s.n., 1994.

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Części książek na temat "SPS Agreement"

Yoe, Charles, Robert Griffin i Stephanie Bloem. "Risk management and the SPS agreement." W Handbook of phytosanitary risk management: theory and practice, 72–80. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781780648798.0072.

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Micara, Anna G. "Regionalization Within the SPS Agreement: Recent Developments". W International Economic Law, 111–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44645-5_7.

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Haque, Ziaul, i Mujeebur Rahman Khan. "International regulations." W Handbook of invasive plant-parasitic nematodes, 460–68. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247367.0017.

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Abstract The World Trade Organization (WTO)-Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) agreement allows countries to use different standards and different methods of inspection for products. To achieve the targets, international standards need to be developed and the WTO-SPS agreement has assigned responsibilities to the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) to develop standards for plant health and International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures (ISPM). This chapter describes the IPPC as the international standard-setting body for developing international standards, guidelines and recommendations with respect to phytosanitary measures related to trade in food and agriculture. It also discusses the ISPMs, which are the standards, guidelines and recommendations recognized as the basis for phytosanitary measures applied by members of the WTO under the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (the WTO-SPS Agreement). Details of ISPMs related to plant-parasitic nematodes, how to determine their invasiveness and the subjects dealt with in this chapter are summarized.

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Maggio, Amber Rose. "Overview Relevant Case Law Under the SPS Agreement". W Environmental Policy, Non-Product Related Process and Production Methods and the Law of the World Trade Organization, 229–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61155-6_10.

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Levidow, Les, i Christophe Bonneuil. "WTO GMO Dispute: Implications for the SPS Agreement". W Encyclopedia of Food and Agricultural Ethics, 2500–2506. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1179-9_360.

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Koul, Autar Krishen. "WTO Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS)". W Guide to the WTO and GATT, 451–68. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2089-7_26.

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Downes, Chris. "The Standard View of the SPS Agreement: A Literature Review". W Studies in European Economic Law and Regulation, 59–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04373-9_3.

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Levidow, Les, i Christophe Bonneuil. "The 2003–2006 WTO GMO Dispute: Implications for the SPS Agreement". W Encyclopedia of Food and Agricultural Ethics, 1–8. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6167-4_360-3.

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Levidow, Les, i Christophe Bonneuil. "The 2003–2006 WTO GMO Dispute: Implications for the SPS Agreement". W Encyclopedia of Food and Agricultural Ethics, 1740–47. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0929-4_360.

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Downes, Chris. "Bringing in the Old and the New: The Influence of the SPS Agreement on the EU Novel Food Saga". W Studies in European Economic Law and Regulation, 127–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04373-9_5.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "SPS Agreement"

Lourier, Jean-Michel, Christian Eberle, Berthold Noll i Manfred Aigner. "Influence of Turbulence-Chemistry Interaction Modeling on the Structure and the Stability of a Swirl-Stabilized Flame". W ASME Turbo Expo 2015: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2015-43174.

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Scale Adaptive Simulations (SAS) of the swirl-stabilized flame of the PRECCINSTA burner are presented. Within the computations a large share of velocity fluctuations as well as temperature and species fluctuations are resolved in combustion regions. With rising resolution of fluctuating quantities, the impact of the sub grid scale (SGS) turbulence and turbulence chemistry interaction (TCI) models decreases. The main topic of this paper is to investigate the residual influence of an SGS-TCI model in case of the SAS of the swirl-stabilized flame. As a first outcome, the data obtained in this work are in very good agreement with experimental and LES data from the literature. And secondly, the modeling of SGS-TCI is of minor importance for the resulting time-mean quantities due to the high share of resolved velocity, temperature and species fluctuations in the computations.

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Mubarok, Akhmad. "FISH PROTEIN PROFILE SUBMERGE ALUM SOLUTIONBASED ON SDS-PAGE". W 1st International Conference Postgraduate School Universitas Airlangga : "Implementation of Climate Change Agreement to Meet Sustainable Development Goals" (ICPSUAS 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icpsuas-17.2018.72.

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Schmidt, Benedikt, Ralf Sasse, Cas Cremers i David Basin. "Automated Verification of Group Key Agreement Protocols". W 2014 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sp.2014.19.

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Gazi, Veysel, i Raul Ordonez. "Particle swarm optimization based distributed agreement in multi-agent dynamic systems". W 2014 IEEE Symposium On Swarm Intelligence (SIS). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sis.2014.7011792.

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Young, Elliott Dixon. "Reporting Reserves Under Modern Fiscal Agreements". W SPE Hydrocarbon Economics and Evaluation Symposium. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/162708-ms.

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Muscolino, Riccardo, C. A. Rizzo i Giuseppe Mirabelli. "The Cost Recovery Oil in a Production Sharing Agreement". W SPE Hydrocarbon Economics and Evaluation Symposium. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/25844-ms.

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Feng, Zhi-Gang, i Miguel Cortina Ponton. "Smoothed Particle Method for Studying Heat and Mass Transfer Between Fluid and Solid". W ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-37524.

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Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) is a meshless Lagrangian method in which the domain is represented by particles. Each particle is assigned properties such as mass, pressure, density, temperature, and velocity. These properties are then evaluated at the particle positions using a smoothing kernel that integrates over the values of the surrounding particles. In the present study, the SPH method is first used to study the flow between infinite plates at different temperatures; velocity and temperature profiles are compared to the analytical solution and good agreements are found. Then, the SPH is further extended to study the heat transfer of an isothermal cylinder in a periodic flow. The velocity profile is found to be in good agreement with results provided in the literature, and the temperature field obtained seems reasonable. Finally, the natural convection of a heated cylinder in a square enclosure is studied. For this, the discretized version of the heat equation is used in conjunction with the Boussinesq approximation. The results between the SPH with and without a tensile instability are compared.

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Murphy, Helen, Elizabeth Edwards i Becci Collacott. "Guidance on Community Development Agreements". W SPE International Conference and Exhibition on Health, Safety, Environment, and Sustainability. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/199400-ms.

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Wadood, Sherif. "Production Sharing Agreements - An Initiative to Reform". W SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/103603-ms.

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Haddad, Zaher Jabr, Sanaa Taha i Imane Aly Saroit Ismail. "SEPS-AKA : A Secure Evolved Packet System Authentication and Key Agreement Scheme for LTE - A Networks". W The Sixth International Conference on Wireless & Mobile Networks. Academy & Industry Research Collaboration Center (AIRCC), 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2014.41206.

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