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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Spotted gum"
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Leggate, William, Robert L. McGavin, Chuang Miao, Andrew Outhwaite, Kerri Chandra, Jack Dorries, Chandan Kumar i Mark Knackstedt. "The influence of mechanical surface preparation methods on southern pine and spotted gum wood properties: Wettability and permeability". BioResources 15, nr 4 (23.09.2020): 8554–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.4.8554-8576.
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The demand for engineered wood products (EWPs) continues to rise internationally. However, for some important Australian commercial timbers such as plantation grown southern pine and native forest sourced spotted gum, a major impediment to achieving commercially viable EWP production is difficulties experienced in gluing – particularly for sawn laminate based EWPs such as glulam. Wettability and permeability have a major influence on wood adhesion. This study investigated the efficacy of different surface machining preparations on the wettability and permeability of southern pine and spotted gum. For both species, planing resulted in poor wettability, whereas face milling and sanding treatments post-planing improved wettability. Wettability increased in southern pine earlywood compared to latewood; and wettability decreased for both species with increased time post-surface machining. Planing resulted in the highest permeability for southern pine but the lowest permeability for spotted gum. Face milling resulted in higher permeability compared to sanding treatments.
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Magalhães, Washington Luiz Esteves, Bruno Dufau Mattos i André Luiz Missio. "Field testing of CCA-treated Brazilian spotted gum". International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 74 (październik 2012): 124–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2012.05.024.
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Ochieng, Joel W., Mervyn Shepherd, Peter R. Baverstock, Garth Nikles, David J. Lee i Robert J. Henry. "Two sympatric spotted gum species are molecularly homogeneous". Conservation Genetics 11, nr 1 (17.10.2009): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10592-009-0001-3.
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Makut, Makwin Danladi, Kenneth Kit Madaiki i Obumneme Smart Obiekezie. "Molecular characterization of xanthan gum producing Xanthomonas Campestris isolated from dark rot spotted leaves in Keffi, Nasarawa State, Nigeria". AROC in Pharmaceutical and Biotechnology 2, nr 1 (8.01.2022): 01–08. http://dx.doi.org/10.53858/arocpb02010108.
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Background: Despite the wide application of Xanthan gum, its commercial production remains a global challenge. In recent years, considerable research has been carried out using agro-industrial wastes, which are renewable and abundantly available to produce value-added products. The present study was set out for molecular identification of Xanthomonas campestris from leaves of four different plants with indications of dark rot spots and evaluation of their xanthan gum production capacity. Methods: Twenty-five (25) samples of leaves from four different plants with indications of dark rot spots were collected from the study area and isolated for Xanthomonas campestris following standard microbiological methods. Cultural, morphological and biochemical tests were conducted to confirm the organism. Results: The results revealed that of the total 100 samples taken, 6 leaves (24%) were infected with Xanthomonas species in mint, 3(12%) were infected in mango, 1(4%) were infected in rice and 2(8%) were infected in pepper. Further molecular identification of the isolates was carried out to reveal Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria strain 85-10 and Xanthomonas perforans strain 91-118. These were further used for the production of xanthan gum using sugar cane molasses substrates extracted from sugar cane, which was used as fermentation medium for the production. Isolates from plants varying ability in Xanthan gum production, with the mint plant having the highest Xanthan gum production (0.10 ± 0.02 to 0.9 ± 0.00 g/l). Conclusion: The present study confirmed the high xanthan gum production capacity of Xanthomonas campestris from dark rot spots containing mint leaves and should be considered during local and industrial production of the xanthan gum
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Self, N. M., E. A. B. Aitken i M. D. Dale. "Susceptibility of provenances of spotted gums to Ramularia shoot blight". New Zealand Plant Protection 55 (1.08.2002): 68–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2002.55.3921.
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Shoot blight of spotted gums (Eucalyptus maculata Hook E citriodora Hook and E henryi ST Blake) caused by Ramularia pitereka Unger has recently emerged as the major disease problem of spotted gum plantations in Queensland and Northern New South Wales A difference in disease susceptibility was demonstrated between provenances of spotted gums inoculated with Ramularia spores under field conditions A number of other Eucalyptus species inoculated with Ramularia showed no susceptibility The potential for breeding from resistant provenances and for creating resistant hybrids using crosses with resistant species such as Eucalyptus torelliana FMuell is discussed
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Smith, Karen, Peter May i Gregory Moore. "The Influence of Waterlogging on the Establishment of Four Australian Landscape Trees". Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 27, nr 2 (1.03.2001): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2001.007.
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An experiment was conducted to test the ability of recently planted trees to grow new roots under waterlogged conditions and to recover from waterlogging. Corymbia maculata (spotted gum, syn. Eucalyptus maculata), Lophostemon conjertus (brush box), Platanus orientalis (oriental plane), and Platanus x acerifolia (London plane) were subjected to a period of waterlogging and then to a recovery phase after waterlogging had ceased. Root length was measured at the end of both the waterlogging and recovery phases. The species were found to vary considerably in their ability to tolerate and recover from a period of waterlogging. Waterlogging suppressed root and shoot growth in all experimental species. Young spotted gum and oriental plane were able to initiate new roots under waterlogged conditions but London plane and brush box were not.
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Shepherd, Mervyn, Shabana Kasem, Gary Ablett, Joel Ochieng i Allison Crawford. "Genetic structuring in the spotted gum complex (genus Corymbia, section Politaria)". Australian Systematic Botany 21, nr 1 (2008): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb07028.
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Spotted gums (genus Corymbia, section Politaria) occur as a species replacement series along the eastern seaboard of Australia, their distributions marked by regions of disjunction and sympatry. Their taxonomy remains controversial, with species assignment often challenging and reliant on knowledge of geographic origin as well as subtle morphological or leaf-oil variation. In the present paper, we explore a classification for spotted gums, without assuming predefined geographic or taxonomic groups but instead using genetic structure at microsatellite marker loci (n = 9) and a Bayesian model-based clustering approach implemented in Structure software. The C. torelliana outgroup (n = 21; section Cadagaria) formed a well resolved cluster (minimum pairwise Fst = 0.19). Four populations were evident within the spotted gums (n = 93) but structure was weak (pairwise Fst range 0.13–0.05). Geographic distance, topography and distribution disjunction were major determinants of structure, with migration among populations approximating a linear stepping-stone model. Corymbia maculata was resolved as a taxon and had the greatest genetic distance from any other population (minimum pairwise Fst 0.08). Three clusters were evident within the northern taxa but alignment with taxonomic groupings was poor. C. citriodora material from north of a major disjunction in central Queensland formed a Northern population. C. citriodora, C. variegata and C. henryi material south of this disjunction but north of the Border Range, formed a Central population, whereas a Southern population comprised C. variegata and C. henryi from predominately south of the Border Range.
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Leggate, William, Andrew Outhwaite, Robert L. McGavin, Benoit P. Gilbert i Shanmuganathan Gunalan. "The effects of the addition of surfactants and the machining method on the adhesive bond quality of spotted gum glue-laminated beams". BioResources 17, nr 2 (2.05.2022): 3413–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.17.2.3413-3434.
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The effects of adding surfactants to polyurethane and resorcinol formaldehyde adhesives were tested relative to the gluability of spotted gum timber for structural glue-laminated beams (Glulam). While previous attempts to improve the bond performance of this very difficult to glue timber have focused primarily on timber surface preparations, this study concentrated on lowering the adhesive surface tension through added surfactants to improve the adhesive-timber surface wetting. Accordingly, 44 glulam samples were manufactured using polyurethane and resorcinol formaldehyde adhesives, with eight surfactant formulations and two different pre-gluing surface machining methods, i.e., face milling and planing. Although the surfactants were successful in drastically lowering the adhesive surface tension and improving adhesive spreading, none of the surfactant formulations tested were successful in improving the glulam adhesive bond qualities. Overall, the surfactant formulations produced considerably higher delamination, lower shear strength, and lower wood fibre failure compared to the control samples; therefore, they are not a viable solution to improve the gluing of spotted gum. The resorcinol formaldehyde adhesive and face milling produced considerably better results compared to the polyurethane adhesives and conventional planing.
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Pegg, G. S., H. Nahrung, A. J. Carnegie, M. J. Wingfield i A. Drenth. "Spread and development of quambalaria shoot blight in spotted gum plantations". Plant Pathology 60, nr 6 (4.05.2011): 1096–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.2011.02468.x.
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McGavin, Robert L., i William Leggate. "Comparison of processing methods for small-diameter logs: Sawing versus rotary peeling". BioResources 14, nr 1 (10.01.2019): 1545–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.14.1.1545-1563.
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Currently there are limited markets in Australia for small-diameter native forest logs. This has resulted in much of this resource being underutilized and regarded as sub-optimal in quality and of low value. This is despite the fact that the wood properties are favorable for a wide range of high-value products. Traditional processing approaches either have not been able to accommodate small-diameter logs or the resulting product recovery is too low for profitable production. Alternative processing approaches are necessary to enable the efficient recovery of wood from this resource in a form that is usable for high-value product manufacturing. Processing small-diameter spotted gum (Corymbia citriodora) and white cypress pine (Callitris glaucophylla) logs into rotary veneer using new spindleless veneering technology has been demonstrated to yield more acceptable recoveries compared with more traditional sawing approaches. The veneer processing approach was also found to be less impacted by the diameter than sawing, with more consistent recovery rates across the three small-diameter log groups included in this study. The resulting veneer, especially the spotted gum veneer, had visual qualities and mechanical properties well suited to the manufacturing of veneer-based engineered wood products.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Spotted gum"
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Burch, Coleman Patrick. "Adhesion Fundamentals in Spotted Gum (Corymbia citriodora)". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78206.
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The goal of this project was to advance adhesion science and technology related to the Australian hardwood spotted gum (Corymbia citriodora). Plantation-grown spotted gum exhibits poor adhesion properties in comparison with similar woods, such as Gympie messmate (Eucalyptus cloeziana). To better understand adhesion differences between these two woods, this research compared and contrasted the surface chemistries of plantation-grown spotted gum and Gympie messmate with a particular focus on sensitivity to thermal deactivation.
Wetting measurements were performed using the sessile drop method. Initial and equilibrium contact angles, time-dependent wetting, and surface energy were determined. Time-dependent wetting and equilibrium contact angles were most informative. Initial contact angles and surface energy calculated with them were misleading and often generated anomalous results.
Heating water-saturated wood to mild surface temperatures (105 deg C, directly after evaporative cooling) severely deactivated spotted gum but not Gympie messmate. This suggests conventional kiln drying appears unsuitable for spotted gum while amenable for Gympie messmate. Spotted gum likely requires non-aqueous, low surface tension adhesives or aqueous adhesives formulated with surface active wetting agents.
Water-saturation (followed by room-temperature vacuum drying) substantially altered the surface chemistries of both woods, making them more hydrophilic. Consequently, the question was raised of whether a water-spray onto the wood surface prior to adhesive application could improve bonding. If so, this simple, industrially-feasible treatment could prove very beneficial to the wood composites industry. Water-saturation also revealed differences in the two wood's water permeability, which has implications for adhesive penetration and wood drying and may additionally help explain adhesion differences.
Analysis of the plantation-grown heartwood (inner, middle, and outer heartwood regions) revealed significant wetting differences on spotted gum with only minor differences on Gympie messmate.
The Australian woods were compared to two North American woods-loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii). Examining water wetting measurements, the Australian and North American woods exhibited some interesting similarities. However, methylene iodide wetting measurements revealed that the Australian woods were quite different from the North American samples studied here.Master of Science
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Read, Tamara. "Spotted gum forest re-establishment on coal mined land : influence of seed sources, substrate and mulch /". [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2002. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16850.pdf.
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King, Rachel, i n/a. "Spatial Structure and Population Genetic Variation in a Eucalypt Species Complex". Griffith University. Australian School of Environmental Studies, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20050113.091713.
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In this study, the relative influences of selection, gene flow, and other evolutionary forces on the spatial structure of genetic variation within a eucalypt species complex (the spotted gums: genus Corymbia, section Politaria) were assessed. The study investigated the spatial genetic structure among four putative species of spotted gum (broad-scale), as well as within a single population (fine-scale)of one species, using both molecular and quantitative markers. The spotted gum complex occurs naturally across a range of 2500 km in eastern Australia. Spatial genetic variation within and between the four putative spotted gum species was examined using both chloroplast and nuclear markers. No significant differentiation was found between the three northern species of the complex, C. citriodora, C. variegata and C. henryi. The southern species, C. maculata, shared no haplotypes with any of the three northern species. These results disagree in part with those reported in a previous allozyme based study in which C. henryi was found to be significantly divergent from C. variegata (with which it is sympatric) and more closely aligned with C. maculata. Re-analysis of the allozyme data provided evidence of selection acting at the PGM2 locus within populations of C. variegata and C. henryi. The exclusion of this locus from the data set led to concordance between the cpDNA and nDNA analyses. Restricted gene flow and evidence of isolation by distance were identified as the dominant processes influencing the contemporary distribution of the cpDNA haplotypes. No geographic structure of haplotypes was found and complex genealogical relationships between haplotypes indicated the combined effects of past fragmentation, range expansion and possible long distance dispersal events. The variation and spatial structure in both neutral molecular markers and quantitative genetic traits were compared to explore the relative influences of dispersal and selection within a single eucalypt population. Both mature trees (n=130) from a natural population of C. variegata and their progeny (n=127) were sampled. A very high outcrossing rate (98%) was estimated for the population based on data from seven microsatellite loci. This suggested regular pollenmediated gene flow into the population, further supported by the observed high levels of genetic diversity and polymorphism. Significant positive spatial structure was found between parent trees occurring up to 150 m apart in the natural forest, although genetic distance between these individuals suggested limited relatedness (i.e. less than half-sib relatedness). The effect of pollen-mediated gene flow appears, therefore, to swamp any effect of nearest neighbour inbreeding which has been reported in other studies of eucalypt populations and has been attributed to limited seed dispersal. Resistance to the fungal disease Sporothrix pitereka (Ramularia Shoot Blight) was measured on progeny from each of the population study trees. Substantial resistance variability was found, along with a high estimate in heritability of resistance (0.44 ± 0.06), indicating significant additive genetic variation within the population. Spatial analysis showed no significant spatial structure with resistant and susceptible genotypes apparently distributed randomly throughout the population. The lack of concordance between the molecular and quantitative markers suggests that there may be a cost to resistance. Temporal variation in the severity of disease outbreaks may have then led to differential selection of seedlings across many generations, maintaining variability in disease resistance and facilitating the apparent random distribution of disease resistant and susceptible genotypes throughout the population. C. variegata is an important commercial forestry species. The identification of strong genetic control in the disease resistance trait, as well as significant adverse genetic and phenotypic correlations between susceptibility and growth traits, will aid future breeding programs. Controlled crosses between resistant genotypes from this population should result in strong genetic gains in both resistance and growth, with little costs associated with inbreeding depression due to the highly outcrossed nature of the population.
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King, Rachel. "Spatial Structure and Population Genetic Variation in a Eucalypt Species Complex". Thesis, Griffith University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365496.
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In this study, the relative influences of selection, gene flow, and other evolutionary forces on the spatial structure of genetic variation within a eucalypt species complex (the spotted gums: genus Corymbia, section Politaria) were assessed. The study investigated the spatial genetic structure among four putative species of spotted gum (broad-scale), as well as within a single population (fine-scale)of one species, using both molecular and quantitative markers. The spotted gum complex occurs naturally across a range of 2500 km in eastern Australia. Spatial genetic variation within and between the four putative spotted gum species was examined using both chloroplast and nuclear markers. No significant differentiation was found between the three northern species of the complex, C. citriodora, C. variegata and C. henryi. The southern species, C. maculata, shared no haplotypes with any of the three northern species. These results disagree in part with those reported in a previous allozyme based study in which C. henryi was found to be significantly divergent from C. variegata (with which it is sympatric) and more closely aligned with C. maculata. Re-analysis of the allozyme data provided evidence of selection acting at the PGM2 locus within populations of C. variegata and C. henryi. The exclusion of this locus from the data set led to concordance between the cpDNA and nDNA analyses. Restricted gene flow and evidence of isolation by distance were identified as the dominant processes influencing the contemporary distribution of the cpDNA haplotypes. No geographic structure of haplotypes was found and complex genealogical relationships between haplotypes indicated the combined effects of past fragmentation, range expansion and possible long distance dispersal events. The variation and spatial structure in both neutral molecular markers and quantitative genetic traits were compared to explore the relative influences of dispersal and selection within a single eucalypt population. Both mature trees (n=130) from a natural population of C. variegata and their progeny (n=127) were sampled. A very high outcrossing rate (98%) was estimated for the population based on data from seven microsatellite loci. This suggested regular pollen–mediated gene flow into the population, further supported by the observed high levels of genetic diversity and polymorphism. Significant positive spatial structure was found between parent trees occurring up to 150 m apart in the natural forest, although genetic distance between these individuals suggested limited relatedness (i.e. less than half-sib relatedness). The effect of pollen-mediated gene flow appears, therefore, to swamp any effect of nearest neighbour inbreeding which has been reported in other studies of eucalypt populations and has been attributed to limited seed dispersal. Resistance to the fungal disease Sporothrix pitereka (Ramularia Shoot Blight) was measured on progeny from each of the population study trees. Substantial resistance variability was found, along with a high estimate in heritability of resistance (0.44 ± 0.06), indicating significant additive genetic variation within the population. Spatial analysis showed no significant spatial structure with resistant and susceptible genotypes apparently distributed randomly throughout the population. The lack of concordance between the molecular and quantitative markers suggests that there may be a cost to resistance. Temporal variation in the severity of disease outbreaks may have then led to differential selection of seedlings across many generations, maintaining variability in disease resistance and facilitating the apparent random distribution of disease resistant and susceptible genotypes throughout the population. C. variegata is an important commercial forestry species. The identification of strong genetic control in the disease resistance trait, as well as significant adverse genetic and phenotypic correlations between susceptibility and growth traits, will aid future breeding programs. Controlled crosses between resistant genotypes from this population should result in strong genetic gains in both resistance and growth, with little costs associated with inbreeding depression due to the highly outcrossed nature of the population.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Australian School of Environmental Studies
Full Text
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Lacy, Philip Alan Physical Environmental & Mathematical Sciences Australian Defence Force Academy UNSW. "Burning Under Young Eucalypts". Awarded by:University of New South Wales - Australian Defence Force Academy. Physical, Environmental & Mathematical Sciences, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/43663.
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Fuels management in eucalyptus plantations is essential to minimise the impact of wildfire. Prescribed burning has the potential to reduce the fuel hazard in plantations, but is not routinely conducted due to concerns relating to tree damage. Through a series of experimental burns, the issues of tree damage are addressed and minimum tree sizes are recommended that are capable of withstanding the effects of low to moderate intensity fires. Data was collected between 2005 and 2007 over six sites, two species, and three age classes. Tree response results came from multiple measurements of over 1700 individual trees. The fuel characteristics commonly found in sub-tropical eucalypt plantations from age four to eleven are described and quantified. These fuel characteristics are related to fire behaviour and new fire behaviour models, specific to young eucalypt plantations, are presented. The fuel characteristics that most influence fire behaviour in young eucalypt plantations are fuel load, fuel height, and fuel moisture content. These characteristics can be used to predict the rate of spread of a plantation fire under benign wind conditions. A novel technique for assessing the extent of stem damage in eucalypts is developed and described. This technique enables immediate assessment of stem damage following fire; previous assessment techniques recommend waiting a considerable period of time (up to 2 years) until dead bark dropped off and fire scars were evident. This new assessment technique is likely to be suitable for post-fire assessment of any eucalypt species and will provide forest managers with the capability of deciding whether to leave a stand to ???grow-on??? or commence recovery operations. Minimum stem sizes recommended to ensure no long-term damage are between 5 ??? 8 cm DBH (diameter at breast height, i.e. 1.3m above ground level) for Eucalyptus dunnii (Dunn???s white gum) and 5 ??? 13 cm DBH for Corymbia spp. (spotted gum) depending on the quantity of fuel around the stem. Stem sizes vary between species because of the variation in bark thickness between species. This thesis provides all the necessary information to conduct prescribed burning operations in young eucalypt plantations.
Książki na temat "Spotted gum"
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FGA, Antoinette Matlins PG. SSEF Diamond-Type Spotter and Blue Diamond Tester Made Easy: The "RIGHT-WAY" Guide to Using Gem Identification Tools. GemStone Press, 2014.
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Matlins, Antoinette. SSEF Diamond-Type Spotter and Blue Diamond Tester Made Easy: The RIGHT-WAY Guide to Using Gem Identification Tools. LongHill Partners, Incorporated, 2014.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "Spotted gum"
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Colby, Jason M. "Murray Newman and Moby Doll". W Orca. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190673093.003.0008.
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For two months, Sam Burich had sat at East Point, on the jagged edge of Saturna Island, staring across the Strait of Georgia and waiting for killer whales. The thirty-eight-year-old Croatian immigrant was not a whaler but a sculptor by trade, though he dabbled in fishing to make ends meet. He had come to East Point at the behest of the Vancouver Aquarium to harvest a whale, not for its blubber or meat but for its body—its form. To pass the time, he played his harmonica, carved hieroglyphs in the sandstone, and chatted with his assistant, twenty-six-year-old fisherman Josef Bauer. On this Thursday, July 16, 1964, just after 11:00 a.m., orcas came into sight. It was J pod, making its way north in pursuit of Fraser River chinook. Bauer saw them first and raced over to load their mounted harpoon gun. Then Burich took over. He knew he would have only one shot as the orcas passed. Most of them were out of range, and Burich needed to hit a whale small enough to kill. Soon he spotted his target, a youngster bobbing along playfully just ninety feet away. Burich took aim and pulled the trigger, detonating the one-and-a-half-ounce powder charge. The steel harpoon, four feet long and two inches thick, hit home. At first, Burich couldn’t believe it, but Bauer’s shouts convinced him. Struck just behind the head, the animal appeared stunned. Burich and Bauer rushed to their boat, the forty-foot Corsair II, moored in a nearby cove. As the men approached the whale, they found a surprising scene. Rather than fleeing from danger, the other orcas had surrounded their injured podmate, raising it to the surface to breathe. It was a touching sight, but Burich knew the reputation of these beasts. Worried the whales would retaliate, like those shot by Marineland’s collectors two years earlier, he and Bauer hung back. Within an hour, the pod had left, and the two men moved in for the kill. But the little orca didn’t want to die.
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Bentley, Peter J. "Introduction". W Digitized. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199693795.003.0005.
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They obey our instructions with unlimited patience. They store the world’s knowledge and make it accessible in a split second. They are the backbone of modern society. Yet they are largely ignored. Computers. They comprise our crowning achievements to date, the pinnacle of all tools. Computer processors and software represent the most complex designs humans have ever created. The science of computers has enabled one of the most extraordinary transformations of our societies in human history. . . . You switch on your computer and launch the Internet browser. A one-word search for ‘pizza’ finds a list of pizza restaurants in your area. One click with the mouse and you are typing in your address to see if this restaurant delivers. They do! And they also allow you to order online. You choose the type of pizza you feel like, adding your favourite toppings. The restaurant even allows you to pay online, so you type in your credit card number, your address, and the time you’d like the delivery. You choose ‘as soon as possible’ and click ‘pay’. Just thirty-five minutes later there is a knock on your door. The pizza is here, smelling delicious. You tip the delivery guy and take the pizza to your table to eat. Ordering pizza is nothing unusual for many of us around the world. Although it may seem surprising, this increasingly common scenario with cheap prices, fast delivery, and access to such variety of food for millions of customers is only possible because of computers. In the situation above you might have spotted just one computer. If we take a look behind the scenes, the number of computers involved in bringing your pizza is astonishing. When you switched on your computer, you actually powered up many computers that all work together to make the display, mouse, keyboard, broadband, and main computer operate. Your computer linked itself to the Internet—which is a worldwide network of computers— with the help of computers of the phone company and Internet service provider. When you searched for ‘pizza’ the request was routed between several computers before reaching the search engine computers.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Spotted gum"
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Park, Junwoo, Youngwoo Cho, Gyuhyeon Sim, Hojoon Lee i Jaegul Choo. "Enemy Spotted: In-game Gun Sound Dataset for Gunshot Classification and Localization". W 2022 IEEE Conference on Games (CoG). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cog51982.2022.9893670.
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Bennett, Jarod, Mather Saladin, Daniel Sizoo, Spencer Stewart, Graham Wood, Thomas DeAgostino i Christopher Depcik. "Design of an Efficient, Low-Cost, Stationary LiDAR System for Roadway Condition Monitoring". W ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-69308.
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Abstract Light Imaging Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) systems generate point cloud imagery by using laser light to measure distance to a surface and then combine numerous points to create a three-dimensional (3-D) image. Since early adaptations, LiDAR is now common in aerial and subterranean geographical surveying and autonomous vehicle operations. The transportation industry uses LiDAR to monitor roadway quality, which can allow hazardous roadway corrosion to be spotted and repaired before endangering drivers. However, a leading issue with LiDAR availability is the respectively high price point for effective systems, therefore preventing widespread usage. Previous work at fabrication of a low-cost LiDAR system generated high resolution 3-D imagery but was faulted by limited portability and a long run-time while also finding issues with gimbal translation and C++ programming. This effort improves the prior work by combining a touchscreen Graphical User Interface (GUI) with a rangefinder (Garmin LiDAR-Lite v3HP) powered by Raspberry Pi 4 Model B hardware. The rangefinder is housed in a 3-D printed gimbal mount that translates via two stepper motors and driver board. The system runs via a Python script that allows the user to select varying levels of resolution on the GUI prior to data collection onto a Secure Digital card or a file accessible through an internet connection. Like the previous work, data output is in Cartesian coordinates through a .xyz file format with a MATLAB script used to create a point cloud and two-dimensional image with a depth gradient. Overall, a more efficient, easier to use, and accurate LiDAR system was created that offers various resolution levels for under the cost of $500.
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Abdul Uloom, Hazirah, Asba Madzidah Abu Bakar, M. Mifdhal Hussain, Fuziana Tusimin, Zaidi Rahimy M. Ghazali, M. Sharief Saeed Salih, M. Fakhrin A. Rasid i in. "678 Challenges of Well Completion Design & Operation Solutions for Deep Gas Well with Multiple Producing Zone in Mildly Overpressured Reservoirs at Offshore Malaysia". W SPE/IATMI Asia Pacific Oil & Gas Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/205634-ms.
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Abstract Based on the production data from first development campaign in 2017, contamination reading of CO2 and H2S from gas production wells were observed increasing from 3% to 10% and from 3ppm to 16ppm respectively within one year production. These findings have triggered the revisit in 2019 development campaign optimization strategy in terms of material selection, number of wells, reservoir targets, and completion design. Thus, tubing material was upgraded to HP1-13CR for the upper part of tubing up to 10,000 ft-MDDF (feet measure depth drilling rig floor) to avoid SSC risk due to the geostatic undisturbed temperature is less than 80 deg C, however the material of deeper tubing remains as 13CR-L80 as per 2017 campaign. Moreover, the mercury content from first campaign was observed to be above threshold limit from intermediate reservoir based on mercury mapping exercise done in August 2018.As the mercury removal system is not incorporated in the surface facilities, the mercury reading from the well in the 2019 campaign need a close monitoring during well testing so that appropriate action can be taken in case the recorded contaminant reading is high. Dedicated zonal sampling plan to be performed if the commingle zone (total) mercury reading was recorded to be above the threshold limit, and that zones will be shut off to preserve the surface facilities. Opportunity was grabbed to optimize number of wells by completing both shallow and intermediate sections in a single selective completion to maximize the project value. However, this combination will lead to major challenges during operation due to the huge difference in reservoir pressure and permeability contrast in each perforated reservoir as the required overbalanced pressure of completion brine for shallow reservoir is much lesser than the requirement for the mildly overpressure intermediate reservoir. Thus, a potential risk of severe losses and well control is present at shallow reservoir. To mitigate this risk, loss circulation material was pre-spotted in the TCP (Tubing conveyed perforation) BHA prior to fire the gun to allow for self-curing process should losses take place. During the first development campaign, the completion tubing was running in hole in two stages. The lower completion was deployed via drill pipe and the perforated zones was secured with fluid loss device located between lower completion tubing and gravel pack packer. The upper completion tubing was then deployed and tied back to the lower completion packer. This approach was applied as mitigation to prevent fluid losses and to ensure the tubing can be safely deployed to the intended final depth. However, based on the actual performance and losses rate data during the first campaign, the completion design in second campaign was optimized and deployed in single stage. Since shallow and intermediate reservoir were combined in multiple production zones where five SSD (Sliding Side Door) were installed, the slickline option to set packer was waived due to the risk of setting tubing plug in deep wells. Pump out plug was considered as an option but then dropped due to high hydrostatic pressure. The packer setting pressure was too close to plug shear pressure. Therefore, a self-disappearing plug was utilized as it did not require any slickline intervention and can be ruptured by pressure cycle. With this option, risk of pre-mature rupture of plug was eliminated. The paper will discuss in detail each challenge mentioned above together with details calculation that was performed throughout evaluation and selection processes prior best solution being selected as these optimizations resulted in nearly three days saving of rig time, contributing to 2.6% of well cost reduction and the required number of wells were optimized to be three instead of four wells. Moreover, a safer production life of wells by selecting a suitable tubing material and eliminating the risk of mercury production above the above threshold limit.