Artykuły w czasopismach: „Sport fan tourism”

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Smith, Aaron C. T., i Bob Stewart. "The Travelling Fan: Understanding the Mechanisms of Sport Fan Consumption in a Sport Tourism Setting". Journal of Sport & Tourism 12, nr 3-4 (listopad 2007): 155–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14775080701736924.

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Mahrani, Mahrani, Poppy Ruliana i Rajab Ritonga. "Building the Image of Semarang City through Motocross World Championship". Jurnal Komunikasi Ikatan Sarjana Komunikasi Indonesia 5, nr 2 (31.12.2020): 243–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.25008/jkiski.v5i2.423.

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This research discusses how motocross world championship MXGP 2019 in Semarang City improved the image of the Indonesian tourism. This research also aims to see how the event has an effect on the motocross fan community in Semarang particularly to look at the development of sports tourism and future trend of sports tourism in Indonesia. This research uses qualitative approaches. Data were collected through a semi-structured interview technique to analyze motocross grand prix world championship 2019 held to improve the image of sport tourism. Key informant is Lightining Production as the organizer of the motocross grand prix world championship. The other informants are Youthstream, Semarang Mayor, Chief of the Indonesian Motorcycle Association and 10 spectators of Motocross MXGP World Championship 2019. The views of the informants were analyzed to yield findings and recommendations to develop the image of tourism in Indonesia, particularly Semarang City. The result of this research shows the Motocross Grand Prix World Championship 2019 could increase the image of sport tourism and give large contributions to the development of tourism in Semarang City.

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Brian Greenwood, P., Michael A. Kanters i Jonathan M. Casper. "Sport Fan Team Identification Formation in Mid-Level Professional Sport". European Sport Management Quarterly 6, nr 3 (wrzesień 2006): 253–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16184740601095016.

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Ryśnik, Jakub, Danuta Żylak i Rajmund Tomik. "Proposal of Motivation Scale for Sport Tourism Consumption. Pilot Empirical Test Report". Folia Turistica 48 (30.09.2018): 87–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.7693.

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Purpose. Determining what factors make individuals decide to take part in sports events as a travelling fan. A particularly interesting research issue is the question of what motivates fans to undertake travel in order to cheer on athletes. Method. In the empirical research, the modified MSSC scale (Motivation Scale for Sport Consumption) was used, and a questionnaire was carried out among fans during the matches of the U21 European Football Championship in Tychy in June 2017 (N=278, random selection). The following statistical methods and techniques were used: descriptive statistics and factor analysis. Findings. This article presents the results of statistical analysis of the obtained research material. Travelling does not constitute an additional, separate factor in relation to the motives of participation in sport already mentioned in the literature (especially those used in the construction of MSSC). Travelling, on the other hand, becomes a kind of moderator of the intensity of individual motivation factors for participation in sport. In a positive way, the journey reinforces motivation to participate in supporting activities. Research and conclusions limitations. The study mainly concerns football fans, residents of Poland and the Czech Republic. Practical implications. Practical implication for designers of sporting events to embrace an opportunity to enrich the fan experience and strengthen their motivation to participate. Drawing attention to the important role of travel should not be underestimated during sport event planning. Originality. A new tool for measuring the motivation of fans has been obtained that is better suited to the situation of sport tourism. An innovative modification of the MSSC scale. Type of paper. An article presenting the creation of a research tool and the first results of empirical research from its first use (pilot test).

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Williams, Antonio, Sungwook Son, Patrick Walsh i Jin Park. "The Influence of Logo Change on Brand Loyalty and the Role of Attitude Toward Rebranding and Logo Evaluation". Sport Marketing Quarterly 30, nr 1 (marzec 2021): 69–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.32731/smq.301.032021.06.

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Despite sport rebranding becoming an emerging topic for both academia and industry, there has been a limited number of investigations on how sport rebranding influences sport fans. The aim of this study is to investigate how sport rebranding in the form of logo redesign influences fan loyalty. Through an experimental approach, the results indicate that attitude toward rebranding plays a significant role in fan response when sport rebranding occurs. Additional findings suggest that logo evaluation partially mediates the relationship between logo change and brand loyalty. This study makes significant contributions to the body of knowledge on sport rebranding by revealing how fans’ attitudes toward rebranding affects brand loyalty. The proposed model suggests directions for future sport rebranding research, and the paper provides implications for how sport marketers can use various rebranding strategies to improve rebranding outcomes and diminish negative responses from sport fans.

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Williams, Antonio, Sungwook Son, Patrick Walsh i Jin Park. "The Influence of Logo Change on Brand Loyalty and the Role of Attitude Toward Rebranding and Logo Evaluation". Sport Marketing Quarterly 30, nr 1 (marzec 2021): 69–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.32731/smq.291.032021.06.

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Despite sport rebranding becoming an emerging topic for both academia and industry, there has been a limited number of investigations on how sport rebranding influences sport fans. The aim of this study is to investigate how sport rebranding in the form of logo redesign influences fan loyalty. Through an experimental approach, the results indicate that attitude toward rebranding plays a significant role in fan response when sport rebranding occurs. Additional findings suggest that logo evaluation partially mediates the relationship between logo change and brand loyalty. This study makes significant contributions to the body of knowledge on sport rebranding by revealing how fans’ attitudes toward rebranding affects brand loyalty. The proposed model suggests directions for future sport rebranding research, and the paper provides implications for how sport marketers can use various rebranding strategies to improve rebranding outcomes and diminish negative responses from sport fans.

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Huiszoon, Paul, Guillaume Martinent i Guillaume Bodet. "Sport governing bodies’ influence on non-transactional fan behaviours". Managing Sport and Leisure 23, nr 1-2 (4.03.2018): 123–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23750472.2018.1502623.

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Malchrowicz-Mośko, Ewa, i Karolina Chlebosz. "Sport Spectator Consumption and Sustainable Management of Sport Event Tourism; Fan Motivation in High Performance Sport and Non-Elite Sport. A Case Study of Horseback Riding and Running: A Comparative Analysis". Sustainability 11, nr 7 (11.04.2019): 2178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11072178.

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Understanding the sociodemographic characteristics and motivations of participants in contemporary sports events is important for event organizers, host cities and tourist destinations who seek to acquire rights to organise sports events of various types. It is also important to know what functions sporting events have for fans—their needs, thanks to passive sports consumption, are now being met. This research was conducted to broaden knowledge about fan motivation of participation in individual high-performance and non-elite sport and to analyse the differences between them. The case study was a running event of mass character (the 6th edition of half-marathon held in Poznań, Poland) and a horseback riding elite event (“Cavaliada”, held in Poznań, Poland). The empirical research among fans of these disciplines conducted during popular running and horseback riding Polish events allowed to characterise the sociodemographic profile of fans of individual mass and elite sports and the motivations of passive sports consumption. The motives were divided into four groups connected with social, experiential, factual and results orientation. We used a standardised interview technique and diagnostic survey method. 1328 sports fans participated in our study (510 fans of half-marathon [non-elite sport] and 818 fans of Cavaliada [high performance sport]). We developed a self-constructed questionnaire according to the motivation typology of Freyer and Gross. Research results indicate that supporters of individual mass and elite sports have thoroughly different motivations. On 14 examined motives, 13 statistically significant differences were found. Moreover, the article presents the division of motivation among female and male supporters, young people, elderly people, local (hosts) and sport tourist supporters. The research has shown what the sociopsychological impact of watching sports competition on fans of various categories is. For example, what is the motivation of sports tourists (N = 764) to participate in mass and elite sports events. We also investigated the influence of participation in sporting events in the level of life satisfaction and the impact of running and horse event in destination image (Poznań) in the opinion of supporters.

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Piché, Megan C., i Michael L. Naraine. "Off the Court: Examining Social Media Activity and Engagement in Women’s Professional Sport". International Journal of Sport Communication 15, nr 1 (1.03.2022): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsc.2021-0069.

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Sports organizations’ use of social media (SM) has become a key strategy in the coverage and promotion of sport. Although research has been done on the success of digital marketing for men’s professional sport, little is known about the impact of such in women’s sport. This study aimed to examine the SM activity and engagement with fans of the Women’s National Basketball Association. All posts from Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter for the 2019 calendar year were collected from all 12 Women’s National Basketball Association teams and analyzed, in aggregate, for their SM metrics. Results indicated that there was a high level of interaction on SM during the in-season competition months, whereas engagement during the off-season period declined. Given these results, the Women’s National Basketball Association should create strategies to increase fan engagement when there is decreased interactivity to perpetually promote women’s sport. This research provides a starting point for future research on women’s sport involving SM metrics.

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Fairley, Sheranne. "In Search of Relived Social Experience: Group-Based Nostalgia Sport Tourism". Journal of Sport Management 17, nr 3 (lipiec 2003): 284–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.17.3.284.

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Why do some fans travel to follow professional sport teams? In order to answer that question, participant observation and ethnographic interviews were used to examine the motives and behaviors of a group that undertakes a 5-day bus trip to watch its team play in a distant city. Nostalgia was identified as a key element of the experience. In particular, nostalgic recollections of past trips were found to be a vital basis for repeated travel by the group and for socializing new members. Five themes having to do with nostalgia were identified: nostalgia as motive, norms and rituals as objects of nostalgia, best experience as object of nostalgia, nostalgia as a basis for trip suggestions, and nostalgia through socialization. It is suggested that group-based nostalgia can play a more significant role in fan travel behavior than has heretofore been recognized and that nostalgic appeals can foster repeat purchase.

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de Groot, Marieke, i Tom Robinson. "Sport fan attachment and the psychological continuum model: A case study of an Australian football league fan". Leisure/Loisir 32, nr 1 (styczeń 2008): 117–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14927713.2008.9651402.

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Hedlund, David P. "Creating value through membership and participation in sport fan consumption communities". European Sport Management Quarterly 14, nr 1 (styczeń 2014): 50–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16184742.2013.865775.

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Zagnoli, Patrizia, i Elena Radicchi. "The Football Fan Community as a Determinant Stakeholder in Value co-Creation". Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research 50, nr 1 (1.12.2010): 79–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10141-010-0026-9.

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The Football Fan Community as a Determinant Stakeholder in Value co-CreationFans are of central importance to sport service production. Their passion, excitement, and involvement plays a crucial role in event implementation and value creation. Due to the importance of fans as "co-producers" of the sport service, the hypothesis of this research is that a fan community is a salient stakeholder in the value co-creation process. This paper focuses on how a football fan community engages in manifold interaction with its team, the local context, and the network of actors as a whole. Within the theoretical framework of the stakeholders and the network approach, a multi-case analysis and thorough examination of the ACF Fiorentina's season ticket holders database enlightens a system of relationships where fans are able to influence the internal dynamics of the social network that has developed around the football club. In light of the empirical evidence presented by the case studies and the database on supporters, we propose a first typology of fans' roles and strategic behaviours. Findings, though not exhaustive, illustrate not only the roles assumed by fans during matches in terms of identification and participation, but also underline the variety of ways in which fans behave as stakeholders of their own team. In terms of value cocreation, this research highlights the fan community as a salient stakeholder and not just a mere spectator. Fans and supporters not only are crucial actors in implementing the sport service, but they even play an important role of influencing the choices and behaviours of the football club and other stakeholders.

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Funk, Daniel C., i Jeffrey D. James. "The Fan Attitude Network (FAN) Model: Exploring Attitude Formation and Change among Sport Consumers". Sport Management Review 7, nr 1 (maj 2004): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1441-3523(04)70043-1.

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Schnitzer, Martin, i Marc Stickdorn. "Key success factors for fan zones (public viewings) covering mega sport events – the case of UEFA EURO 2008 TM in Austria". European Journal of Tourism Research 5, nr 1 (1.03.2012): 19–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v5i1.89.

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This article sheds light on results from a quantitative on-site visitor satisfaction survey (n=8,093), a post-event analysis based on a subsequent quantitative analysis (n=25) and five qualitative TM interviews with key decision makers involved in the UEFA EURO 2008 . Based on a dual importance grid analysis, key success factors in organising mega sports events have been identified, particularly with respect to fan zones and public viewings. Comfort in fan zones was identified as an excitement factor for visitors, while pre-match entertainment is often over-estimated by event organisers. Creating a good atmosphere is an important performance factor, while a general level of safety is perceived as a basic factor by event visitors. Furthermore, the paper in hand reveals discrepancies in event perception between different stakeholder groups, such as visitors, event right holders and event organisers. It became evident that the event organisers’ views differ significantly from those of the spectators and that consideration of spectators’ interests is crucial to organising fan zones successfully. In conclusion, experts commented on the results and highlighted the importance of external factors such as general organisation, weather and location of the fan zone.

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Achen, Rebecca M., John Kaczorowski, Trisha Horsmann i Alanda Ketzler. "Comparing organizational content and fan interaction on Twitter and Facebook in United States professional sport". Managing Sport and Leisure 25, nr 5 (10.02.2020): 358–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23750472.2020.1723432.

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Fairley, Sheranne. "The Role of the Mode of Transport in the Identity Maintenance of Sport Fan Travel Groups". Journal of Sport & Tourism 14, nr 2-3 (sierpień 2009): 205–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14775080902965231.

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Tham, Aaron. "Asian solo male travelling mobilities – an autoethnography". International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research 14, nr 3 (4.06.2020): 453–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcthr-10-2019-0171.

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Purpose This study aims to unpack the notion of travelling mobilities from the perspectives of an Asian solo traveller using the context of the 2019 Rugby World Cup in Japan. Design/methodology/approach An autoethnography was used for this research, analysing reflective notes drafted on hand-written journals over the duration of six days over three host cities of the sporting event. Findings Asian solo men appear to be treated very differently from their Western counterparts and solo female tourists. In addition, engaging with a sport that is highly Western-centric exposes the liminal spaces of in-between. Being of Asian appearance and conversant in Japanese further blurred the travelling mobilities of being an unlikely sports fan, an impromptu translator, a presumed local resident and an unconventional wanderer. Originality/value These limitations notwithstanding, the research has contributed to the paucity of knowledge surrounding Asian solo male tourists and some aspects of their corresponding travelling mobilities. Such nuanced understanding then inform tourism and hospitality knowledge and practice of offering relevant experiences to such a market.

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Lee, Cindy, Hyejin Bang i David J. Shonk. "Professional Team Sports Organizations’ Corporate Social Responsibility Activities: Corporate Image and Chosen Communication Outlets’ Influence on Consumers’ Reactions". International Journal of Sport Communication 14, nr 2 (1.06.2021): 280–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsc.2020-0298.

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As professional sport teams’ involvement with corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities are prevalent and expected by the public, there has been more attention on the factors that can influence consumers’ reactions to CSR activities. This study investigated the influence of two factors—corporate image and organization choice of communication vehicle—on individuals’ responses, perceived motive, and change of attitude to a professional team sports organization’s CSR activities. A total of 225 usable surveys were collected from a university located in the southern region of the United States for data analyses. The study showed that corporate image had a main effect on perceived motives, Munfavorable = 5.07, Mfavorable = 5.60, F(1, 216) = 6.38, p < .05, , and attitudes, Munfavorable = 4.64, Mfavorable = 5.49; F(1, 216) = 18.34, p < .05, , toward the team due to CSR activities, while there was no main effect for the professional team sports organization’s chosen communication vehicle, F(2, 217) = 1.09, p > .05, for their CSR activities. The importance of building good corporate image and communicating CSR activities to the fan base are also discussed.

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Casper, Jonathan M., Brian P. McCullough i Michael E. Pfahl. "Examining environmental fan engagement initiatives through values and norms with intercollegiate sport fans". Sport Management Review 23, nr 2 (kwiecień 2020): 348–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2019.03.005.

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Sveinson, Katherine, i Larena Hoeber. "Overlooking the obvious: an exploration of what it means to be a sport fan from a female perspective". Leisure Studies 34, nr 4 (11.06.2014): 405–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2014.923496.

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Behrens, Anton, i Sebastian Uhrich. "Uniting a sport teams’ global fan community: prototypical behavior of satellite fans enhances local fans’ attitudes and perceptions of groupness". European Sport Management Quarterly 20, nr 5 (29.07.2019): 598–617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16184742.2019.1643384.

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Na, Sangwon, Yiran Su i Thilo Kunkel. "Do not bet on your favourite football team: the influence of fan identity-based biases and sport context knowledge on game prediction accuracy". European Sport Management Quarterly 19, nr 3 (30.10.2018): 396–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16184742.2018.1530689.

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Krupa, Joanna, i Elżbieta Nawrocka. "Fan tourism and fan tourists: discussion on definitions and research issues". Turyzm/Tourism 30, nr 2 (21.12.2020): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/0867-5856.30.2.18.

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The purpose of the article is to systematize the concepts of fan tourism and fan tourists and an attempt has also been made to identify the profile of a fan tourist. There are certain research gaps in terms of defining the concept itself, therefore the authors have decided to investigate this. Literature analysis and criticism as well as synthesizing ideas were methods used in this work. The article presents the characteristics of fan tourism and a description of a fan tourist using psychological, social and economic criteria identified on the basis of a literature investigation. The following attributes were distinguished: the main motive of activity, emotional involvement, ‘extreme’ support, commitment to ideas, sympathy towards ideas, personal attendance at an event and the nature of a consumer or a prosumer when a fan tourist participates in an event personally. The concepts of a fan in general, fanatic and sports fan (kibic) were used in the process of identifying the characteristics of a fan tourist.

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Kościółek, Szczepan. "Heterogeneity of motivations among crowdinvestors: Evidence from the football industry". Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation 18, nr 4 (2022): 157–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.7341/20221845.

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PURPOSE: As the issue of the motivations of crowdinvestors is still heavily debated, empirical research has come to focus on specific industries and the heterogeneity of motivations within specific crowdfunding models. This study combines these two perspectives and considers the research question of the heterogeneous motivations of football club crowdinvestors. The aim of the study is to segment the football club crowdinvestors according to investment motivations. METHODOLOGY: In this study, the survey research method was used for a sample (n = 793) of crowdinvestors from the Wisla Krakow football club, and a two-step motivation-based segmentation approach was applied. The convenient sampling method was used as the club distributed the surveys electronically among all its crowdinvestors in July 2021. A cluster analysis, including Ward’s method with Euclidian distance and the non-parametric k-means method, was applied to segment the market. Differences between segments were assessed with chi-square tests for qualitative variables and Kruskal-Wallis H tests with Dunn’s post hoc tests for quantitative variables. A discriminant analysis successfully validated the segmenting procedure. FINDINGS: The crowdinvestors of football clubs were divided into three market segments: benefit-oriented (50.7%), club-oriented (45.3%), and goal-oriented (4.0%). This clustering solution was influenced by all of the previously identified motivations: fan identification, supporting a campaign’s cause, status of football club owner, rewards, and return on investment. The segments were also differentiated according to consumption-related behaviors (media consumption, word-of-mouth marketing, merchandise purchases, match attendance, and social media engagement) and socio-demographic profiles (age, marital status, income, and place of residence). With the exception of the goal-oriented niche, crowdinvestors of football clubs are fans who are highly identified with the club and focused on supporting the cause of the campaign. However, some of them (“benefit-oriented”) are more sensitive than others to the return on investment, rewards, and status that comes along with club ownership (“club-oriented”). Benefit-oriented crowdinvestors consume the club’s products to the greatest extent, while goal-oriented crowdinvestors are on the opposite side of the spectrum. IMPLICATIONS: Based on self-determination theory, no cluster with a predominance of extrinsic motivations was found. These results are in opposition to most crowdfunding studies, but are in line with sport management literature. Importantly, evidence was found showing that groups that are homogenous in terms of crowdinvestment activity can still be heterogeneous in terms of crowdinvestment motivations. This insight shows that crowdinvestment motivations should be considered in more detail than they have been in the past. The assumptions of the multi-needs-meeting phenomenon of crowdinvesting in football clubs were also confirmed. These outcomes provide sports managers with information about market segments of crowdinvestors that they can use to communicate their crowdfunding campaigns more effectively. ORIGINALITY AND VALUE: This study is the first to present the research-tested heterogeneity of investment motivations among football club crowdinvestors. It shows the instability of research results that focus on entire crowdfunding models and ignore the industry-related specificities and internal diversity of crowdinvestors. Moreover, it extends the area of research on fan investors in the football industry, which has, until this point, focused on investment motivations without taking their internal heterogeneity into account.

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Nishio, Tatsuru. "The constraint factors of potential international sports fan tourists". Journal of Vacation Marketing 20, nr 2 (kwiecień 2014): 137–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1356766713496420.

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Kim, Kibaek, Minsoo Kim, Jinwook Han, Dongkyu Kim i Inyup Lee. "Does “We” Matter for Esports Fans? Analyzing the Mediating Effects of the Sense of Fan Community on Team Identification and Fandom Behaviors". Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research 97, nr 1 (1.12.2022): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pcssr-2022-0024.

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Abstract As an emerging field of study, scholars have constantly compared esports and traditional sports to find similarities and differences between the two sports fields. As various studies have called for more studies regarding the fan communities of esports, the present study analyzed the mediating effect of the sense of the esports fan community between team identification and consumer behaviors. This study employed a path analysis technique, utilizing online survey responses from 182 participants who identified as fans of the esports team. The findings revealed that a sense of fan community did not have mediating effects by showing statistically non-significant (in)direct effects on consumer behaviors. In contrast, team identification showed a significant positive effect on the sense of fan community and some consumer behaviors. The implications of the study suggest that esports organizations should focus their marketing strategies on individual fan bases and strive to maintain the competitiveness of their leagues to attract more fans to esports.

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PAI, Chih-Hung, Kuo-Min KO i Troy SANTOS. "A Study of the Effect of Service Recovery on Customer Loyalty Based On Marketing Word Of Mouth in Tourism Industry". Revista de Cercetare si Interventie Sociala 64 (6.03.2019): 74–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.33788/rcis.64.6.

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Rogic, Suncica, Milica Vukcevic, Milica Muhadinovic i Julija Cerovic Smolovic. "Montenegrin Sport Associations on Social Media - Quality of Performance Assessment". Sport Mont 20, nr 1 (1.02.2022): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.26773/smj.220202.

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The aim of this study is to assess the quality of performance of Montenegrin national sport associations on Facebook. As sport is recognized as an activity of public interest, and social media are one of the main sources of information nowadays, given that social media in sport has delivered a new style of communication, authors will try to evaluate the engagement with the fans and the general public. In this paper, Facebook Assessment Index (FAI) methodology will be applied. This methodology involves the analysis of three components: popularity (25%), interactivity (40%) and content (35%). Each of the criteria is evaluated depending on the importance of the indicator on a scale from 0% to 100%. Coefficient value closer to 100% indicates higher quality of performance on Facebook. The results of our paper show the differences between the three categories of Olympic sports in Montenegro, taking into account their performance on Facebook. Social media, as a marketing tool can enhance the positioning of national sport associations by creating a meaningful connection with the fans and the public. Additionally, this connection may strengthen the feeling of devotion to the national team of Montenegro and incentivize younger generations to start training and competing. This study demonstrates which associations use this channel to portray their sport and results, with the aim of promoting sport and healthy lifestyle.

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Hakim, Samuel D. "A Tale of No Cities: Analysis of Premier Lacrosse League Fan Identity and Fanship". International Journal of Sport Communication 14, nr 2 (1.06.2021): 233–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsc.2020-0299.

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The present study examined the Premier Lacrosse League (PLL) and fans’ identity and fanship. The PLL boasts a uniqueness many sports fans are unfamiliar with—non-geographically affiliated teams. Using socialization theory, social identity theory, and fan identity, the author sought to better understand the fan qualities of the PLL, especially surrounding athlete importance. A Qualtrics survey was distributed through reddit.com/r/lacrosse and major lacrosse forums with the goal to assess fanship toward favorite players, favorite teams, and PLL media consumption. Statistical analyses revealed that those who have a previously constructed lacrosse fan identity, consume more lacrosse media, and have been following a professional or college lacrosse athlete in the past are more likely to embrace the PLL. In a league where geographical affiliation is currently absent, research suggests that encouraging fan adoption of a favorite player is key to creating fans who begin to feel investment, loyalty, and increased team identity.

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Taylor, Laramie D., i Irena Acic. "Sports Fans and Magical Thinking: How Supernatural Thinking Connects Fans to Teams". International Journal of Sport Communication 14, nr 4 (1.12.2021): 574–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsc.2021-0046.

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Magical thinking describes beliefs and reasoning processes that defy generally accepted principles of logic and causality. Researchers have identified a link between strength of identification with a favorite sports team and superstition, an expression of magical thinking. Research on fans of fictional narratives has suggested magical thinking more broadly may play a role in being a fan. The authors posed the question, what is the link between sports fanship and two specific types of magical thinking: magical ideation and sympathetic magic? In a survey of 214 adults, relationships between strength of sports fanship and magical ideation, sympathetic magic in a sports context, and sympathetic magic generally were explored. Belief in sympathetic magic with regard to sports figures was found to be prominent among sports fans. In addition, a positive relationship was observed between strength of sports fanship and strength of belief in both sympathetic magic generally and magical ideation. Implications are discussed in terms of recruitment of and marketing to potential and existing fans.

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Bristow, Dennis N., i Kenneth C. Schneider. "An Investigation of the Customer Orientation of Professional Sports Organizations: Development of the Sports Fan Orientation Scale (SFOS)". Journal of Hospitality & Leisure Marketing 15, nr 1 (13.10.2006): 27–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j150v15n01_03.

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Wakefield, Lane T., i Gregg Bennett. "Sports fan experience: Electronic word-of-mouth in ephemeral social media". Sport Management Review 21, nr 2 (kwiecień 2018): 147–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2017.06.003.

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Levental, Orr, i Shira Ben-Amram Nudelman. "How football fans perceive sports heroes – The case of Israel". Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research 90, nr 1 (30.04.2021): 10–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pcssr-2021-0009.

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Abstract Background: Hero-making and hero-worship are common in human society. Yet despite the universal appeal of heroes, the features attributed to these figures and the attitudes toward them change depending upon the circumstances. Heroes have been the topic of extensive discussion in the academic literature. Nevertheless, little research attention has been directed at sports heroes. Examining soccer heroes is of special importance, particularly in view of soccer’s popularity across the globe and the celebrity status of top soccer stars. Purpose: The objective of this paper is to examine and map the defining features of soccer heroes as subjectively perceived by their fans. Methods: We conducted a qualitative study that entailed semi-structured interviews with 18 young Israeli soccer fans as well as content analysis of fan chants. Results: The research findings indicate that fans attribute special importance to three main characteristics that are not perceived as dominant among heroes in other contexts: loyalty to team and family, modesty and morality, and the ability to influence their surroundings. Based on the findings, the paper discusses the unique nature of soccer heroes in contrast to other elite players and the role played by these heroes for their fans.

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Namethe, Katlego, Vinessa Naido i Cornelius Hendrik van Heerden. "Students’ Motivation for Attending Varsity Football Matches". April 2021, Volume 10(2) (30.04.2021): 623–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.46222/ajhtl.19770720.122.

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It is important to understand what motivates members from a specific community to attend sports events. The objective of this study was to determine the factors that motivate students at a university of technology to attend Varsity Football matches at the university’s main stadium. Twelve items of the fan motivation questionnaire relating to fan attendance at college soccer matches in the USA were adopted in this study. A principal component factor analysis with varimax rotation was performed on Likert scale data gathered from 329 respondents. Items clustered into three factors, namely enjoyment, friendship and relaxation, fandom, and belonging and self-esteem. The instrument used in this study had acceptable validity and reliability. The value of the research results from this study confirms the following: Promotional campaigns to draw students to Varsity Football matches should focus on excitement and emotions because attendance is motivated by the vibe at the stadium and to spend time with their friends. The university should build the brand of the football team. A vibrant crowd at a Varsity Football match provides advantages to the sponsors of the events, it contributes to the image of the university, and it contributes to the viewing experience of the television audience that watches the matches. The results confirm that event sponsors, organisers and host universities should understand the motivational factors that attract fans to attend football matches.

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Cashmore, Ellis. "Sports and Christianity: historical and contemporary perspectives and We love to hate each other: mediated football fan culture". Leisure Studies 34, nr 2 (30.10.2013): 250–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2013.851451.

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Toder-Alon, Anat, Tamar Icekson i Avichai Shuv-Ami. "Team identification and sports fandom as predictors of fan aggression: The moderating role of ageing". Sport Management Review 22, nr 2 (kwiecień 2019): 194–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2018.02.002.

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Gong, Xi, i Yong Wang. "Exploring dynamics of sports fan behavior using social media big data - A case study of the 2019 National Basketball Association Finals". Applied Geography 129 (kwiecień 2021): 102438. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2021.102438.

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Cazorla Milla, Asli, Leonardo Jose Mataruna-Dos-Santos i Hussein Muñoz Helú. "Content Strategy and Fan Engagement in Social Media The Case of PyeongChang Winter Olympic And Paralympic Games". Annals of Applied Sport Science 8, nr 3 (1.10.2020): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.29252/aassjournal.905.

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Sami Hasan, Mazin, Ahmed Abdulgani Taha i Rebaz Baiz Tawfeeq. "Effects of Two Types of Warm-Up Exercises on Vital Capacity and Forced Vital Capacity Values". Sport Mont 19, nr 3 (1.10.2021): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.26773/smj.211015.

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Valuable information can be obtained about the respiratory system when performing lung function tests. These tests show differences in pulmonary functional quantities, which can be attributed to many factors. Some fac- tors that may significantly affect the optimal pre-test values for pulmonary function may appear, including the subject’s physical condition before testing. This study aims to analyse the physiological effects of various types of warm-ups exercises and their effect on pre-test results of respiratory variables of Vital Capacity (VC) and Forced Vital Capacity (FVC). Sixteen healthy males participants ages (19–21) years (20.08±1.55 years) were in- tentionally selected. The homogeneity of age, height, mass, Vital Capacity (VC), and Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) was verified. The results of VC and FVC tests were taken before and after field and laboratory warm-ups; the laboratory warm-up was performed on a treadmill. The study revealed significant differences in the VC results between non-warm-ups compared with the VC predicted values. No significant differences between field and laboratory warm-ups compared with VC predicted value were found. Significant differences in the VC results after the field and laboratory warm-ups compared to non-warm-up results were recorded. The study showed significant differences in the FVC results between non-warm-ups compared with FVC predicted value. No sig- nificant differences between field and laboratory warm-ups compared with FVC predicted value were found. Significant differences in the FVC results after the field and laboratory warm-ups compared to non-warm-up results. We observed that warm-up exercises had a positive effect on variable-related results for VC and FVC, especially when the warm-up was in the lab.

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Ziakas, Vassilios, Rodanthi Tzanelli i Christine Lundberg. "Interscopic fan travelscape: Hybridizing tourism through sport and art". Tourist Studies, 3.05.2022, 146879762210921. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14687976221092169.

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Contrary to the common compartmentalization of popular culture and events to specialized forms of fandom-induced tourism (e.g. film-, music-, sport-tourism), event-tourism spaces may also derive from blending different genres that enable symbiotic effects, for example, between sport and art. This paper provides a theoretical analysis of how event-tourism is interwoven and merged with sporting and cinematic popular culture, thereby creating a compound milieu for sport traveling aficionados that we name an “ Interscopic Fan Travelscape” (IFT). To ground our analysis, we use the example of a participatory sport event that blends organically sporting and cinematic facets of popular culture. This is a free-diving event, hosted in the Greek island of Amorgos, and commemorating the 1988 “Big Blue” film, which was primarily shot in Amorgos. Our conceptual framework provides a comprehensive understanding of composite popular culture settings and devoted fan-travel by integrating perspectives of neo-tribalism, serious leisure, fan pilgrimage and event-tourism.

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Huettermann, Marcel, i Thilo Kunkel. "The Influence of Non-Transactional Fan Engagement on Merchandise Consumption". Sport Marketing Quarterly 31, nr 1 (marzec 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.32731/smq.311.0322.04.

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The purpose of this research is to examine the impact of fan engagement on merchandise purchase intentions. We draw on existing fan engagement literature and focus on non-transactional fan engagement and its effects on merchandise purchasing as a single transactional fan engagement dimension. Data were collected from 206 season ticket holders (Study 1) and 520 fans of professional sports teams (Study 2) and analyzed using structural equation modeling. Findings show non-transactional fan engagement dimensions explain 51% (Study 1) and 60% (Study 2) of merchandise purchase intentions and consumption is driven by fan engagement dimensions related to the individual fan, rather than those dimensions that are influenced by others. This article contributes to the sports marketing literature by providing specific insights on the relationship between non-transactional fan engagement dimensions and merchandise consumption intentions. Thus, the findings have important implications for sport marketers as merchandise represents a crucial revenue stream of sport organizations.

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Cayolla, Ricardo. "Communicating the Value of Fan Identity in the Sport Industry: Commentary on Consumer Neuroscience Possible Research Ideas". International Journal of Sport Communication, 2022, 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsc.2022-0083.

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The sport industry has an enormous influence on today’s society, and the various media platforms and stakeholders have a considerable share of that influence. Sport communication has an essential part in that impact. The strong identification consumers create and develop with sports brands has a huge meaning in their lives. In the sphere of consumer neuroscience, there are few studies on the sport industry. This commentary launches possible research ideas, namely about the importance of brand strength in consumers’ minds, as well as the true impact that consumer identification (i.e., fan identity) has on the sport industry.

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Kerr, Anthony K., i Ashlee Morgan. "“All in One Rhythm”: Measuring the National Team Identification of Host Residents and Event Sport Tourists at the 2014 FIFA World Cup". Event Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/152599521x16106577965233.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the fan identification of host residents and international event sport tourists at the 2014 FIFA World Cup. The Sport Spectator Identification Scale (SSIS) is used to measure identification with national football teams through the lens of social identity theory. A case study approach saw survey data (n=706) collected at the official FIFA Fan Fest in Natal, Brazil. Both host residents and event sport tourists reported high levels of identification with the national team they supported. The data was analysed using SPSS 26.0 and the length of time one had been a fan was found to be positively correlated with strength of identification. There was no relationship found between gender nor supporter age and their strength of team identification. This study demonstrates that the SSIS can be used to measure the level of psychological connection supporters have with national football teams. The findings are particularly pertinent for events expanding their servicescape to include fan zones or other activation sites similar to the FIFA Fan Fests.

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Steiner, Emil, Matthew Pittman i Brandon Boatwright. "When Sports Fans Buy: Contextualizing Social Media Engagement Behavior to Predict Purchase Intention". International Journal of Sport Communication, 2023, 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsc.2022-0158.

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While sports fandom and social media advertising have been widely studied, and all major, professional teams use social media campaigns for direct sales, there is surprisingly little research on the relationship between fans’ social media engagement behavior (SMEB) and their purchase intention (PI), and none that differentiates PI across different platforms and sports contexts. This study addresses those gaps by exploring (a) how different kinds of fans engage their teams’ advertising on various social media and (b) how those different behaviors predict PI in different contexts. To do so, we utilized an SMEB framework to interpret survey data (N = 452) of U.S. sports fans’ social media engagement with their favorite teams over six popular platforms for two situations—in-game and out-of-game. Regression analyses determined the extent to which those behaviors predict PI across different sports and platforms during and outside of games. Our results show that fan SMEB varies by sport, platform, and situation. Furthermore, we found that information-acquiring social media behaviors—such as checking scores—best predict PI in-game, while fan-identity cultivation social media behaviors—such as posting—best predict PI out-of-game. In addition, PI predictability varies across platform and game situation, but not across age, gender, or even level of fandom. By contextualizing the relationship between fan SMEB and PI, our study lays a foundation to address these lingering gaps in the sport communication literature while providing actionable insights for teams and brands seeking more effective sales campaigns across an array of social media.

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Naraine, Michael, Jordan Bakhsh i Liz Wanless. "The Impact of Sponsorship on Social Media Engagement: A Longitudinal Examination of Professional Sport Teams". Sport Marketing Quarterly 31, nr 3 (wrzesień 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.32731/smq.313.0922.06.

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Social media has become an important frontier in the sport sponsorship paradigm (Dees, 2011), offering brands a powerful mechanism to stimulate consumer engagement (Vale & Fernandes, 2018). Despite this potential, the extent to which social media content, as part of a sport sponsorship’s leveraging activities, can yield consumer engagement behaviors is unknown. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the impact of integrating sponsors into the social media posts of sport organizations on fan engagement. A total of 13,542 Instagram posts from four professional sports teams were extracted from 2017–2019. A regression analysis revealed that sponsored content negatively affected engagement levels. Consequently, brands need to be more cognizant that simply sponsoring content in an inauthentic, forceable manner may not yield the results they are seeking through their association. Furthermore, sport organizations need to reconsider their social media strategy, working with partners to organically embed sponsors into content.

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Greenhalgh, Greg, Tiesha Martin i Allison Smith. "Niche Sport Sponsorship: Providing the Target Market Sponsors Want?" Sport Marketing Quarterly 30, nr 2 (czerwiec 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.32731/smq.302.062021.03.

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Professional niche sports are tremendously reliant on the resources received via corporate sponsorship as they are unlikely to attract substantial revenue via media contracts, ticket sales, or merchandise sales, especially when compared to mainstream sports. Furthermore, niche sports are vying for the same corporate support as their more established mainstream counterparts. However, niche sports have been found to have the ability to provide sponsors with a more specific demographic of fans compared to mainstream sports. If that demographic aligns with a corporation’s target market, the value of this relationship could increase substantially. Yet, the findings of the current study revealed nearly 60% of the 67 sponsors of two different niche sport teams indicated their target market included all of the categories provided for sex, ethnicity, education, and income, even though results also indicated the two teams were attracting statistically significant different fan bases: from a demographic perspective.

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Sun, Wanting, P. Monica Chien i Clinton S. Weeks. "Sport scandal and fan response: the importance of ambi-fans". European Sport Management Quarterly, 12.04.2021, 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16184742.2021.1912131.

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Buser, Markus, Herbert Woratschek i B. David Ridpath. "Gamification through fantasy sports – Empirical findings from professional sport leagues". Sport, Business and Management: An International Journal ahead-of-print, ahead-of-print (3.08.2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sbm-08-2020-0080.

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PurposeIn this paper, Fantasy Sports (Hereafter FS) is conceptually classified as a concept of gamification for professional sport leagues. From a sporting perspective, FS is often criticized because such online activities may be at the expense of physical activities. Otherwise, gamification can ultimately lead to economic advantages for sport leagues. To further empirically analyse this supposed juxtaposition, an empirical study is presented.Design/methodology/approachIn the empirical study, participation and non-participation in a sport league-related FS league are analysed and the study uses a divided sample (N = 319) for a one-factor Welch-ANOVA. FS effects on sport practice (engaging in doing sport) and usage (engaging with sport) of FS players as well as on gaining and retaining fans are investigated.FindingsResults demonstrate that participating in gamified FS experiences increases sport usage while not harming general sport practice. Furthermore, FS participation increases consumption capital as well as sport fans' loyalty and word of mouth (WOM) towards the league brand. Building on the results, league brands should foster gamified FS applications to retain their fan base and acquire new fans.Originality/valueThe authors’ theoretical contribution indicates the importance of FS as a gamified application and essential marketing tool for professional sport leagues. By introducing the terms sport practice and usage, the authors bridge the traditional logic of sport consumption with innovative approaches around engagement in and with sports. The results refute the prejudice that FS leads to less physical activity due to time substitution or displacement.

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Min, Jae Han, Hyo Jung Chang, Deborah Fowler i Shane Blum. "Why are college sports tourists traveling long distance? Antecedents of destination and team loyalty". Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 25.02.2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/apjml-05-2021-0371.

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PurposeOn a home game weekend of collegiate football, thousands of fan visitors spend their weekend participating in college football games, showing significant potential of sports tourism businesses in the USA. Understanding the original personality of sport tourists and their travel motivation factors is imperative to develop appealing tourist attractions at the destinations of sports team fandoms. The purpose of the study is to examine the relationships among tourists' personality characteristics, their push and pulls motivations, satisfaction with travel experience, and loyalty toward destination and team using structural equation modeling.Design/methodology/approachThe author collected information from a total of 301 sports tourists who had traveled to a college football game within the past year, staying at least one night in a hotel or other lodging place. This study employed PASW Statistics 25.0 and structural equation modeling using LISREL 9.30 for data analyses.FindingsPersonality has a significant relationship with push factors, especially for socialization motivation, and pull factors (i.e. access and affordability, other attractions) had more significant effects on sports tourists' satisfaction than push factors. The findings indicate the key roles for the entertainment motivation in generating tourists' satisfaction and destination loyalty and important roles of destination loyalty in building team loyalty.Originality/valueThe present study provides an approach of sports tourists' travel behaviors and experiences in the sporting event tourism. The outcome of this research can help both sports event organizers and destination marketers to understand the motivations for sports game attendance and to develop marketing strategies and products/services for attracting various types of sports tourists to games.

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