Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Spherical atoms

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Spherical atoms”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021
Data aktualizacji: 20 lutego 2023

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Spherical atoms"

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Vlasov, G. K. "Spherical excitons in manyelectron atoms". International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves 12, nr 4 (kwiecień 1991): 397–429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01009413.

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Bhattacharyya, S., J. K. Saha i T. K. Mukhopadhyay. "Two-electron atoms under spherical confinement". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 488, nr 15 (10.04.2014): 152012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/488/15/152012.

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DOLMATOV, V. K., J. P. CONNERADE, A. P. LAKSHMI i S. T. MANSON. "SPECTRAL PROPERTIES OF CONFINED ATOMS". Surface Review and Letters 09, nr 01 (luty 2002): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x02001926.

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The changes in energy and photoionization spectra of atoms upon confinement by a spherical environment are explored theoretically. Two kinds of confinement are considered: an endohedral confinement, such as inside the bucky-ball C 60, and an impenetrable spherical confinement of adjustable radius. We demonstrate modifications in the energy spectrum and electron correlation effects in confined atoms, the appearance, nature and origin of "confinement" resonances in photoionization spectra of such atoms, as well as new regularities in the periodic table for "compressed" atoms. These findings are of importance for basic and applied physics and chemistry of atoms, molecules, surfaces, etc.
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Chew, H. "Transition rates of atoms near spherical surfaces". Journal of Chemical Physics 87, nr 2 (15.07.1987): 1355–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.453317.

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de-la-Huerta-Sainz, Sergio, Angel Ballesteros i Nicolás A. Cordero. "Quantum Revivals in Curved Graphene Nanoflakes". Nanomaterials 12, nr 12 (7.06.2022): 1953. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12121953.

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Graphene nanostructures have attracted a lot of attention in recent years due to their unconventional properties. We have employed Density Functional Theory to study the mechanical and electronic properties of curved graphene nanoflakes. We explore hexagonal flakes relaxed with different boundary conditions: (i) all atoms on a perfect spherical sector, (ii) only border atoms forced to be on the spherical sector, and (iii) only vertex atoms forced to be on the spherical sector. For each case, we have analysed the behaviour of curvature energy and of quantum regeneration times (classical and revival) as the spherical sector radius changes. Revival time presents in one case a divergence usually associated with a phase transition, probably caused by the pseudomagnetic field created by the curvature. This could be the first case of a phase transition in graphene nanostructures without the presence of external electric or magnetic fields.
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Nassour, Ayoub, Slawomir Domagala, Benoit Guillot, Theo Leduc, Claude Lecomte i Christian Jelsch. "A theoretical-electron-density databank using a model of real and virtual spherical atoms". Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science, Crystal Engineering and Materials 73, nr 4 (27.07.2017): 610–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2052520617008204.

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A database describing the electron density of common chemical groups using combinations of real and virtual spherical atoms is proposed, as an alternative to the multipolar atom modelling of the molecular charge density. Theoretical structure factors were computed from periodic density functional theory calculations on 38 crystal structures of small molecules and the charge density was subsequently refined using a density model based on real spherical atoms and additional dummy charges on the covalent bonds and on electron lone-pair sites. The electron-density parameters of real and dummy atoms present in a similar chemical environment were averaged on all the molecules studied to build a database of transferable spherical atoms. Compared with the now-popular databases of transferable multipolar parameters, the spherical charge modelling needs fewer parameters to describe the molecular electron density and can be more easily incorporated in molecular modelling software for the computation of electrostatic properties. The construction method of the database is described. In order to analyse to what extent this modelling method can be used to derive meaningful molecular properties, it has been applied to the urea molecule and to biotin/streptavidin, a protein/ligand complex.
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Nagy, Á. "Spherical Density Functional Theory and Atoms in Molecules". Journal of Physical Chemistry A 124, nr 1 (30.12.2019): 148–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.9b09722.

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Attia, Amr A. A., Alexandru Lupan i R. Bruce King. "Tetracarbalane structures: nido polyhedra and non-spherical deltahedra". Dalton Transactions 45, nr 28 (2016): 11528–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6dt01982j.

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The lowest energy structures of the tetracarbalanes C4Aln−4Men (n = 11, 12, 13, 14) are deltahedra having the carbon atoms at degree 4 vertices. The lowest energy structures for the smaller tetracarbalanes C4Aln−4Men (n = 6, 7, 8) have pentagonal or hexagonal open faces with all four carbon atoms at degree 3 vertices.
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Attia, Amr A. A., Alexandru Lupan i R. Bruce King. "Novel non-spherical deltahedra in trirhenaborane structures". New Journal of Chemistry 40, nr 9 (2016): 7564–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6nj01922f.

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Low-energy Cp3Re3Bn−3Hn−3 (7 ≤ n ≤ 12) structures are found to be Re3Bn−3 deltahedra with internally bonded Re3 triangles. The rhenium atoms are generally located at degree 6 to 8 vertices and the boron atoms at degree 3 to 5 vertices. Low-energy Cp3Re3B2H2 and Cp3Re3B3H3 structures are found to be trigonal bipyramids and bicapped tetrahedra, respectively.
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Ma, Yanfu, Xiaohui Zhang, Lina Cao i Junling Lu. "Effects of the morphology and heteroatom doping of CeO2 support on the hydrogenation activity of Pt single-atoms". Catalysis Science & Technology 11, nr 8 (2021): 2844–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cy02279a.

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Doping the spherical CeO2 support using N enhances the hydrogenation activity of Pt single atoms remarkably, which can be even higher than that of spherical CeO2 supported Pt clusters.
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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Spherical atoms"

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Young, Richard L. "Using Non-Spherical Atoms to Fit Molecular Densities". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.489889.

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Non-spherical atoms have been used to fit a variety of molecular densities. The aim is to develop a new atoms in molecules approach that will produce useful entities which may be used to determine the molecular properties in a straightforward manner. The theory has been developed from the work on Stewart atoms by Stewart! and Gill.2 The method follows the resolution of the identity approach developed by Gill and incorporates anisotropic basis functions into the determination of the constituent atoms. The non-spherical atoms have been applied to a variety of small molecules including H2 , N2 , HF and H20. Molecular properties such as the charge, dipole, quadrupole, nuclear attraction energy and electron repulsion energy have been determined. The results are encouraging and show that anisotropic fitting atoms provide a way forward for the atoms in molecules approach. An alternative fitting procedure has also be looked into. This breaks the resolution of the identity approach into two stages with the hope of creating smaller matrices and eliminating some of the numerical difficulties that have been encountered.
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Gould, Timothy John, i n/a. "Correlation and Response in Spherical Many-Electron Systems". Griffith University. School of Science, 2003. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20030818.125106.

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Ab initio prediction of the electronic properties of solids is traditionally performed using groundstate Density Functional Theory. These methods are unreliable however, for a class of important problems involving weak attractive forces. These problems include (i) the energetics of hydrogen storage and metal interactions in graphene, (ii) cohesion properties of some polymer systems and (iii) possibly, the weak hydrophobic forces in biomolecules. For these cases a more powerful method than groundstate DFT are timedependent DFT (tdDFT) methods related to the Random-Phase Approximation (RPA). All of these methods proceed by looking at the dynamic density-density response function, whose long-ranged properties naturally lead to the weak forces referred to above. In this thesis we have tested these ideas by investigating electronic response and correlation on the predicted properties of spherical atoms. We have developed and tested a variety of approximations to the timedependent response function through approximations of the tdDFT class and a new method involving greater self-consistency in the screening equation, the inhomogenous STLS approach. Through the development of new methods and computer code, we have solved the response equation allowing us to test our approximations on atoms. Calculation of certain dynamic and static properties of a variety of atoms within our approximations generally agree well with known results. In this thesis we have calculated excitation energies of Helium, dipole polarisabilities and C6 van der Waals (vdW) coefficients of a variety of atoms, and groundstate correlation energies Ec of some atoms. The excitation spectra of Helium generated in our new PGG+c approximation are in good agreement with experiment. The dipole polarisabilities are generally in good agreement with known results, with the exception of Magnesium, Beryllium and Sodium. The C6 coefficients are a little poorer with the exception of Helium where they are nearly exact. Correlation energies are generally reasonable in the PGG+c approximation although they are considerably less accurate than the other properties we have calculated for all atoms other than He. The ISTLS correlation energy of Helium is within 5% suggesting that this method may perform well for larger atoms where our present numerical techniques require improvement. These generally positive results suggest that the approximations we have developed may be applied to more complicated systems such as those described above with good results.
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Gould, Timothy John. "Correlation and Response in Spherical Many-Electron Systems". Thesis, Griffith University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366874.

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Ab initio prediction of the electronic properties of solids is traditionally performed using groundstate Density Functional Theory. These methods are unreliable however, for a class of important problems involving weak attractive forces. These problems include (i) the energetics of hydrogen storage and metal interactions in graphene, (ii) cohesion properties of some polymer systems and (iii) possibly, the weak hydrophobic forces in biomolecules. For these cases a more powerful method than groundstate DFT are timedependent DFT (tdDFT) methods related to the Random-Phase Approximation (RPA). All of these methods proceed by looking at the dynamic density-density response function, whose long-ranged properties naturally lead to the weak forces referred to above. In this thesis we have tested these ideas by investigating electronic response and correlation on the predicted properties of spherical atoms. We have developed and tested a variety of approximations to the timedependent response function through approximations of the tdDFT class and a new method involving greater self-consistency in the screening equation, the inhomogenous STLS approach. Through the development of new methods and computer code, we have solved the response equation allowing us to test our approximations on atoms. Calculation of certain dynamic and static properties of a variety of atoms within our approximations generally agree well with known results. In this thesis we have calculated excitation energies of Helium, dipole polarisabilities and C6 van der Waals (vdW) coefficients of a variety of atoms, and groundstate correlation energies Ec of some atoms. The excitation spectra of Helium generated in our new PGG+c approximation are in good agreement with experiment. The dipole polarisabilities are generally in good agreement with known results, with the exception of Magnesium, Beryllium and Sodium. The C6 coefficients are a little poorer with the exception of Helium where they are nearly exact. Correlation energies are generally reasonable in the PGG+c approximation although they are considerably less accurate than the other properties we have calculated for all atoms other than He. The ISTLS correlation energy of Helium is within 5% suggesting that this method may perform well for larger atoms where our present numerical techniques require improvement. These generally positive results suggest that the approximations we have developed may be applied to more complicated systems such as those described above with good results.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Science
Faculty of Science
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Senchuk, Andrew S. M. "Collision-induced light scattering and absorption in atoms and symmetric molecules : a spherical tensor approach". 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/21291.

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Części książek na temat "Spherical atoms"

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March, N. H., i R. Pucci. "Asymptotic Results for Density Matrices and Electron Density in Atoms and Nearly Spherical Molecules". W Density Matrices and Density Functionals, 613–27. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3855-7_33.

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Lackner, Florian. "Synthesis of Metallic Nanoparticles in Helium Droplets". W Topics in Applied Physics, 513–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94896-2_11.

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AbstractHelium droplets provide a unique cold and inert synthesis environment for the formation of nanoparticles. Over the past decade, the method has evolved into a versatile tool, ready to be used for the creation of new nanomaterials. Species with different characteristics can be combined in a core@shell configuration, allowing for the formation of nanoparticles with tailored properties. The realm of structures that can be formed extends from clusters, comprising only a few atoms, to spherical sub-10 nm particles and nanowires with a length on the order of a few hundred nanometers. The formed nanoparticles can be deposited on any desired substrate under soft-landing conditions. This chapter is concerned with the formation of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles with helium droplets. The synthesis process is explained in detail, covering aspects that range from the doping of helium droplets to the behavior of deposited particles on a surface. Different metal particle systems are reviewed and methods for the creation of metal oxide particles are discussed. Selected experiments related to optical properties as well as the structure and stability of synthesized nanoparticles are presented.
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Beznosyuk, S. A., D. A. Mezentsev, M. S. Zhukovsky i T. M. Zhukovsky. "Quantum Topology and Computer Simulation of Confined Hydrogen Atom Inside Spherical-Form Gap". W Hydrogen Materials Science and Chemistry of Carbon Nanomaterials, 531–38. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-2669-2_60.

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Ghatak, Ajoy, i S. Lokanathan. "Spherically Symmetric Potentials Hydrogen Atom Problem, Rotation Vibration Spectra, Three-Dimensional Oscillator". W Quantum Mechanics: Theory and Applications, 245–90. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2130-5_10.

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Wang, Mary X., Soyoung E. Seo, Paul A. Gabrys, Dagny Fleischman, Byeongdu Lee, Youngeun Kim, Harry A. Atwater, Robert J. Macfarlane i Chad A. Mirkin. "Epitaxy: Programmable Atom Equivalents versus Atoms*". W Spherical Nucleic Acids, 1159–76. Jenny Stanford Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003056706-18.

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Wang, Mary X., Soyoung E. Seo, Paul A. Gabrys, Dagny Fleischman, Byeongdu Lee, Youngeun Kim, Harry A. Atwater, Robert J. Macfarlane i Chad A. Mirkin. "Epitaxy: Programmable Atom Equivalents versus Atoms*". W Spherical Nucleic Acids, 1159–76. Jenny Stanford Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003056706-70.

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Wang, Mary X., Soyoung E. Seo, Paul A. Gabrys, Dagny Fleischman, Byeongdu Lee, Youngeun Kim, Harry A. Atwater, Robert J. Macfarlane i Chad A. Mirkin. "Epitaxy: Programmable Atom Equivalents versus Atoms*". W Spherical Nucleic Acids, 1159–76. Jenny Stanford Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429200151-70.

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Coppens, Philip. "Chemical Bonding and the X-ray Scattering Formalism". W X-Ray Charge Densities and Chemical Bonding. Oxford University Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195098235.003.0005.

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The assumption that the atomic electron density is well described by the spherically averaged density of the isolated atom has been the basis of X-ray structure analysis since its inception. The independent-atom model (IAM) is indeed a very good approximation for the heavier atoms, for which the valence shell is a minor part of the total density, but is much less successful for the lighter atoms. The lightest atom, hydrogen, has no inner shells of electrons, so that the effect of bonding is relatively pronounced. Because of the overlap density in covalent X—H bonds (X = C, N, O), the mean of the hydrogen electron distribution is significantly displaced inwards into the bond. When a spherical IAM hydrogen scattering factor is used in a least-squares adjustment of the atomic “position,” the result will be biased because the centroid of the density associated with the H atom is shifted in the direction of the bond. The result is an apparent shortening of X—H bonds which is far beyond the precision of X-ray structure determination (Hanson et al. 1973). For sucrose, for example, the differences between X-ray and neutron bond lengths are 0.13 (1) Å averaged over 14 C—H bonds, and 0.18 (3) A averaged over eight O—H bonds (Hanson et al. 1973). The observed discrepancy between X-ray results and spectroscopic values was first explained in terms of the electron distribution in the 1950s by Cochran (1956) and Tomii (1958). That the bond density is also of significance for heavier atoms is evident from the occurrence of the spherical-atom forbidden (222) reflection of diamond and silicon, even at low temperatures where anharmonic thermal effects (see chapter 2) are negligible. The historical importance of the nonzero intensity of the diamond (222) reflection is illustrated by the following comment made by W. H. Bragg, in 1921: . . . Another point of interest is the existence of a small (222) reflection (in diamond). This has been looked for previously but without success. . . .
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Dolmatov, V. K. "Photoionization of Atoms Encaged in Spherical Fullerenes". W Advances in Quantum Chemistry, 13–68. Elsevier, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0065-3276(09)00706-0.

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Autschbach, Jochen. "Hydrogen-like Atoms". W Quantum Theory for Chemical Applications, 328–39. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190920807.003.0017.

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This chapter shows how the electronic Schrodinger equation (SE) is solved for a hydrogen-like atom, i.e. an electron moving in the field of a fixed point-like nucleus with charge number Z. The hydrogen atom corresponds to Z = 1. The potential in atomic units is –Z/r, with r being the distance of the electron from the nucleus. The SE is not separable in Cartesian coordinates, but in spherical polar coordinates it separates into a radial equation and an angular momentum equation. The bound states have a total energy of –Z2/(2n2), with n = nr + ℓ being the principal quantum number (q.n.), ℓ = 0,1,2,… the angular momentum q.n., and nr = 1,2,3,… being a radial q.n. Each state for a given ℓ is 2ℓ+1-fold degenerate, with the components labelled by the projection q.n. mℓ. The wavefunctions for mℓ ≠ 0 are complex, but real linear combinations can be formed. This gives the atomic orbitals known from general and organic chemistry. Different ways of visualizing the real wavefunctions are discussed, e.g. as iso-surfaces.
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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Spherical atoms"

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ASARI, YUSUKE, KYOZABURO TAKEDA i HIROYUKI TAMURA. "HUND’S SECOND RULE IN SPHERICAL ARTIFICIAL ATOMS". W Toward the Controllable Quantum States - International Symposium on Mesoscopic Superconductivity and Spintronics (MS+S2002). WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812705556_0076.

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Walker, T., D. Sesko i C. Wieman. "Radiation-induced collective phenomena in optical traps". W OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1993.mqq.1.

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Collective motions are observed in optically thick clouds of optically trapped atoms.1,2 Manifestations of the collective behavior include multiple bistable transitions between spherical and ring-shaped spatial distributions of the atoms and clumps of atoms rotating about a core. Detailed studies of the spherical spatial distributions are consistent with predictions of a simple model of long-range interatomic forces that arise from the radiation fields of the atoms. In particular, radiation trapping produces a long-range repulsion between the atoms. Again, a simple model that includes this repulsion as well as a vortex force produced by appropriate alignment of the laser beams reproduces many features of the rings, including approximate sizes and orbital frequencies. The model does not, however, explain the bistable transitions or the orbiting clumps of atoms. Supported by the National Science Foundation and the Office of Naval Research.
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Pritchard, David E. "Atom Optics". W OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1990.fh1.

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A large-aperture liquid-He coated spherical mirror and a room-temperature bent-gold crystal have been used to focus atom beams of H and He, respectively. They are described elsewhere in this symposium. Many of the new optical elements for atoms rely on the mechanical forces of light; mirrors are one example. When atoms approach the surface of glass that has intense blue-detuned light inside, they recoil from the evanescent wave that extends several wavelengths past the surface and into the vacuum. The atoms are never close enough to the surface to be affected by its atomic attraction or its small-scale irregularities. When a highly collimated beam of sodium atoms is directed at a standing wave of light near its resonance frequency, the angular scattering pattern of the atoms exhibits the characteristics of diffraction from a short sinusoidal grating. Diffraction orders up to ~20 have been observed at high light intensities. In contrast to phase gratings made with light, material absorption gratings are amplitude gratings.
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Kimble, J. J., R. J. Brecha, R. J. Thompson i W. D. Lee. "Photon statistics for two-state atoms in an optical cavity". W OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1990.ws2.

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While for the most part quantum statistical processes in quantum optics are investigated in a weak-coupling regime, it has recently become possible to realize experimentally systems for which the internal coupling coefficient g is comparable to the external dissipative rates. Within this context the subject of our investigation is the quantum dynamical processes for a collection of N two-state atoms strongly coupled to a single mode of a high finesse optical cavity. Our particular system consists of a collection of N~20 Cesium atoms (6S 1/2, f = 4– > 6P 3/2, f = 5 transition at 852 nm) interacting with the TEMoo mode of a spherical mirror cavity of finesse 4 × 104. Of principal importance are the single atom cooperativity parameter C1 = g 2/κγ and the saturation photon number no = g2/8γ 2, where (κ,γ) are the cavity and atomic decay rates. For our system, c1~1 and n0~0.5. In measurements of the joint probability of photoelectric detection we observe photon antibunching and sub-Poissonian photon statistics.1,2 An interpretation of our results in terms of quantum state reduction and interference in a dissipative dynamical setting is presented.2 We emphasize the decisive role played by the quantum fluctuations of a single atom (c1~1), which can result in a field of large variance even in the presence of N>1 atoms.
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Vlasov, G. K. "Spherical excitons in many electron atoms (molecules) and their interaction with multipole waves". W 15th International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves. SPIE, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2301621.

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Huang, Xing, Jian Zhao, Yuzhuo Wang i Saijun Wu. "Gaussian-packet assisted holography for single-shot spectroscopic imaging of cold atoms". W Digital Holography and Three-Dimensional Imaging. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/dh.2022.w5a.36.

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Coherent forward emission from cold atoms illuminated by spherical waves can be modeled by Gaussian packets, facilitating holographic wavefront retrieval. Aided by the complex Gaussian-fits, we demonstrate spatially resolved atomic spectroscopy with interferometric accuracy.
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Hollberg, L., Steven Chu, John E. Bjorkholm, Alex Cable i A. Ashkin. "Laser cooling and confining of atoms". W OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1985.wv2.

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Using six optical beams (+ and − directions on three orthogonal axes) tuned slightly to the red of resonance it is possible to cool sodium atoms to a few hundred microkelvin. The cooling occurs because the laser radiation pressure creates a damping force which reduces the atomic velocities to a rms value of ~60 cm/s, determined by random scattering. In this optical molasses, the laser beams propagate in all directions and the light acts as a viscous photon fluid which damps the atomic velocity. The resulting motion of the sodium atoms is diffusive until the atoms reach the edge of the laser beams where they escape. The process of atomic confinement by optical molasses can be modeled as a random walk in a viscous medium with a boundary. For a spherical volume of 0.2 cm3 the resulting confinement time is ~0.1 s for half of the atoms to escape. Direct time-of-flight measurement of the atomic temperature gives ~240 μK, which agrees with predictions of quantum limited cooling by resonance radiation pressure. With confinement times of 0.1 s and temperatures of ~240 μK this method provides a source of atoms sufficiently slow for even the highest resolution optical spectroscopy, collision studies, or optical traps.
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Tabosa, J. W. R., G. Chen, R. B. Lee i H. J. Kimble. "Nonlinear Spectroscopy of Cold Atoms in a Spontaneous Force Optical Trap". W OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1990.pdp30.

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A spectroscopic investigation is reported for a sample of Cesium atoms which are cooled and confined in a Zeeman shift spontaneous force optical trap.(1'2) From measured absorption spectra for a weak probe beam both in steady state and under transient conditions, we infer that the sample consists of approximately 106 atoms trapped in a spherical volume of radius 400µm and cooled to roughly 300µK. To explore the spectral response of this sample under conditions of strong excitation by the trapping laser beams ("pump" waves), we record transmission as a function of frequency for a low intensity "probe" wave focussed through the trap. As might be expected, we observe probe spectra with broad regions of absorption and amplification characteristic of the Autler-Townes splitting for a "dressed" two-state atom. However, additional narrow features around the pump frequency have linewidths of several hundred kilohertz (well-below the natural linewidth of 5MHz) and exhibit appreciable single pass gain (≥30%) . Our preliminary attempts to describe these features theoretically provide limited qualitative agreement with experiment. In an effort to correlate the spectroscopic characteristics of the trap with its mechanical properties, we have observed recoil of the trapped atoms either along or opposite to the direction of propagation of the probe beam depending upon whether the probe experiences absorption or gain. The direction of recoil can be switched with a change in probe detuning of less than 300kHz.
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Erdogan, T., K. G. Sullivan i D. G. Hall. "Spontaneous emission from radiating atoms in cylindrically and spherically symmetric periodic structures". W OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1992.fee3.

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Recently there has been considerable interest in the concept of a manufactured structure exhibiting a "photonic band gap"—an energy band in the electromagnetic spectrum for which wave propagation is isotropically forbidden. Conventional treatments have employed a Bloch-wave approach to explore the spectral and directional nature of wave propagation in multi-dimensional, translationally invariant, Cartesian periodic structures. Utilizing a classical model, we directly treat the interaction of a radiating dipole with the fields supported by cylindrical and spherical Bragg structures. These novel structures, which are not translationally invariant, are capable of effectively confining light emitted from a central, but finite-sized, region. The size of this region depends on both source and structure characteristics, including the modulation and radial extent of the Bragg structure. We examine the radiative lifetime variations and resonance frequency shifts associated with particular idealizations of the structure and source. The results presented are of fundamental and practical interest owing to the unique geometry of the considered Bragg structures, which have recently been realized as semiconductor laser resonators in the form of cylindrical waveguide diffraction gratings.
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Kimble, H. J., G. Rempe i R. J. Thompson. "Optical Physics with Finesse - Dissipative Quantum Dynamics for Atoms in a Cavity with R=0.9999984". W Nonlinear Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/nlo.1992.tua2.

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While for the most part quantum statistical processes in quantum optics are investigated in a weak coupling regime, it has recently become possible to realize experimentally optical systems for which the internal coupling coefficient g is comparable to the external dissipative rates. Within this context the subject of our investigation is the quantum dynamical processes for a collection of N two-state atoms strongly coupled to a single mode of a high finesse optical cavity, Our particular experiment consists of a small collection of Cesium atoms (6S1/2, F = 4 → 6P3/2, F = 5 transition at 852nm) interacting with the TEM00 mode of a spherical mirror cavity. The critical technical advance for this work is the attainment of extremely low loss mirrors for high finesse (103 – 106) and hence long photon lifetime even in a small cavity.[1]
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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Spherical atoms"

1

Last, Isidore, i Thomas F. George. Light Absorption by an Atom Moving Inside a Spherical Box. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, wrzesień 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada187241.

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Lell, R. M., R. D. McKnight, R. W. Schaefer i Nuclear Engineering Division. ZPR-3 Assembly 6F : A spherical assembly of highly enriched uranium, depleted uranium, aluminum and steel with an average {sup 235}U enrichment of 47 atom %. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), wrzesień 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/991614.

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