Artykuły w czasopismach: „Specific grinding energy”

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Apimakh Yauheni Vladimirovich. "PROMISINGDIRECTIONSOFREDUCING SPECIFIC ENERGY COSTSIN GRINDING". SERIES CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY 431, nr 5 (15.10.2018): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2018.2518-1491.5.

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Azizi, Abdolhamid, Hamed Adibi, Seyed Mehdi Rezaei i Hamid Baseri. "Modeling of Specific Grinding Energy Based on Wheel Topography". Advanced Materials Research 325 (sierpień 2011): 72–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.325.72.

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Grinding performance is evaluated mainly in terms of specific grinding energy. The number of active grits per unit area and their slope is considered as the two grinding wheel topographical key parameters for studying grinding performance. To provide a view on how various parameters influence specific energy and the importance of wheel topography and grit workpiece interaction, a specific grinding energy model is developed. Inputs to this model are workpiece parameters, grinding process parameters, and, in particular, the grinding wheel topographical parameters. This model has been validated by experimental results. The theoretical values considering the complexity of the grinding process reasonably compare with the experimental results. The effect of number of active grits per unit area and their slope on specific grinding energy and then metal removal mechanism is investigated. The results revealed that the number of active grits per unit area has less effect on specific grinding energy than grits slope.

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Singh, Vijayender, P. Venkateswara Rao i S. Ghosh. "Development of specific grinding energy model". International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture 60 (wrzesień 2012): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2011.11.003.

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Spina, Roberto, Bruno Cavalcante, Marco Massari i Roberto Rutigliano. "Forces and Specific Energy of Polyamide Grinding". Materials 14, nr 17 (3.09.2021): 5041. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14175041.

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This work investigated the grinding process of reinforced and nonreinforced polyamide materials using an Al2O3 grinding wheel. Samples were ground using a custom-made setup of sensors to evaluate in-line temperature, forces, and power. The surface roughness and images were acquired to assess the quality of the final products. The novelty of the work is to correlate the energy evaluation with the process efficiency during processing. Grinding at high cutting depths achieves good surface quality indicators, such as Ra < 5 μm and Rz < 5 μm. Results also reveal that special attention should be given to the infeed speed when cutting unfilled materials to produce good results. With high values of energy partition, the specific grinding energy stabilizes around 60 J/mm³. Strains must be applied quickly because, to ensure the unfilled materials respond better at this cutting depth, the reinforced materials suffer a slight degradation of quality.

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Feng, Bao Fu, Hua Li Su, Quan Zhong Zhang, Lei Zheng, Quan Fang Gai i Guang Qi Cai. "Grinding Forces and Grinding Energy in High Speed Grinding for Quenched Steel". Key Engineering Materials 416 (wrzesień 2009): 504–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.416.504.

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Grinding experiments for quenched high-speed tool steel by resin bonded CBN (cubic boron nitride) wheel were conducted with a surface grinder. The grinding forces were measured under different grinding parameters. The effects of grinding parameters on grinding forces and grinding force ratio are discussed. Specific grinding energy and heat flux over the grinding zone are computed according to grinding parameters and grinding forces. The effects of grinding parameters on specific grinding energy and heat flux are investigated.

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Brach, K., D. M. Pai, E. Ratterman i M. C. Shaw. "Grinding Forces and Energy". Journal of Engineering for Industry 110, nr 1 (1.02.1988): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3187838.

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Grinding forces and energy play an important role in all abrasive machining operations. While specific grinding energy may be obtained from workpiece dynamometer values or by measuring spindle power, care must be exercised in converting dynamometer reading into power consumed. This is particularly true for operations involving a large ratio of wheel depth of cut to wheel diameter or when the radial force on the wheel is large relative to the tangential component. Interpretation of workpiece dynamometer results are discussed and several specific examples are considered including the diamond sawing of granite and the creep feed grinding of metal.

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Niu, Qiu Lin, Guo Giang Guo, Xiao Jiang Cai, Zhi Qiang Liu i Ming Chen. "Analysis of Specific Energy of TC18 and TA19 Titanium Alloys in Surface Grinding". Advanced Materials Research 325 (sierpień 2011): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.325.147.

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As two kinds of advanced titanium alloys, TC18 and TA19 were introduced in this paper. The machinabilities of TC18 and TA19 alloys were described in the grinding process. Grinding experiments were completed using green silicon carbide grinding wheel with the coarser 100 grit. Grinding forces and specific energy in surface grinding were investigated. And then, for studying the grinding characteristic, SEM images of the workpiece material were obtained. The results indicated that specific chip formation had the great effect on the mechanism of grinding TC18 and TA19 alloys, and the scratch was the main characteristic of surface grinding. TC18 alloy had the poor grinding performance compared to TA19 alloy.

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Pak, Abbas, i Amir Abdullah. "Creep-Feed Grinding of Tungsten Carbide by Using Resin-Bonded Nickel-Coated Diamond Wheel". Advanced Materials Research 325 (sierpień 2011): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.325.165.

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Force and specific energy are important factors in all abrasive machining operations especially in creep-feed grinding of hard materials. They have a high influence on the wheel wear, grinding accuracy, grinding temperature and surface integrity. This paper investigates the effect of grinding technological parameters on grinding force and specific energy in up-cut creep-feed grinding of cemented tungsten carbide with 20% cobalt using a resin-bonded nickel-coated diamond wheel. It was observed that increase of feed rate resulted in grinding force increase and specific energy decrease. Increased wheel-peripheral speed resulted in minor decrease of grinding force and specific energy increase.

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Yu, Yi Qing, Yuan Li i Xi Peng Xu. "An Experimental Study of Specific Energy in Grinding Granite". Materials Science Forum 471-472 (grudzień 2004): 625–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.471-472.625.

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An investigation is reported of the characteristics of specific energy in grinding of granite using diamond abrasives. The effects of many parameters, such as the types of diamond tools, the types of abrasives, the properties of granite, the conditions of lubrication, and the working conditions of diamond tools, were studied. The power consumed in grinding was measured in order to obtain the specific energy, which is defined as the energy expended per unit volume of material removal. It is found that the specific energy for grinding of granite was closely related to the removal mechanisms of granite, the failure modes of diamonds and the interactions of the swarf with the applied fluid and bond matrix.

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Tso, Pei Lum, i Weng Hong Lin. "A Study on Grinding Brittle Material with Pattern-Dressed Wheel". Materials Science Forum 861 (lipiec 2016): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.861.14.

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The high hardness of brittle materials always make it hard to machine with traditional grinding wheels. Conventionally a diamond grinding wheels was used to improve the poor processing capability. Usually the specific grinding energy had been used as an indicator of machinability. According to its definition, the specific grinding energy increases with the active contact area of the grinding wheel decreases. In other words, reducing the surface contact area of the grinding wheel can enhance the specific grinding energy effectively. Conditioning grooves on grinding wheels not only enhance the specific grinding energy, but also achieve the effect of reducing the heat dissipated during the grinding processes. With the proper selection parameters, the high cost of diamond grinding wheel may be replaced by less expensive conventional green carbon and aluminum oxide wheel. In this studies, the relationship between the surface topography of grinding wheels and the grinding capability of brittle materials was investigated. The results show that, the traditional grinding wheel dressing properly while the depth of cut less than 20μm with the rhombic pattern and the depth of cut more than 20μm with the groove-like pattern can grind the brittle materials as good as using diamond wheel.

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Krajnik, Peter, Radovan Drazumeric, Jeffrey Badger, Janez Kopač i Cornel Mihai Nicolescu. "Particularities of Grinding High Speed Steel Punching Tools". Advanced Materials Research 325 (sierpień 2011): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.325.177.

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A simulation model of a punch grinding process has been used to determine optimal parameters to reduce grinding cycle time and achieve a constant-temperature no-burn situation. Two basic outputs of the simulation model include arc length of contact and specific material removal rate that are both time-variant. A thermal model is included in the simulation to calculate maximum grinding temperature rise. The simulation-based optimization can help to avoid thermal damage, which includes thermal softening, residual tensile stress, and rehardening burn. The grindability of high speed steel (HSS) is presented in terms of specific grinding energy versus undeformed chip thickness and maximum temperature rise versus specific material removal rate. It is shown that for a given specific material removal rate lower temperatures are achieved when grinding fast and shallow. Higher temperatures, characteristic for slow and deep grinding, soften the material leading to a lower specific grinding energy, especially if grinding is timid. Lowest values of specific grinding energy can be achieved in fast and shallow grinding at aggressive grinding conditions.

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Nápoles Alberro, Amelia, Hernán González Rojas, Antonio Sánchez Egea, Saqib Hameed i Reyna Peña Aguilar. "Model Based on an Effective Material-Removal Rate to Evaluate Specific Energy Consumption in Grinding". Materials 12, nr 6 (21.03.2019): 939. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12060939.

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Grinding energy efficiency depends on the appropriate selection of cutting conditions, grinding wheel, and workpiece material. Additionally, the estimation of specific energy consumption is a good indicator to control the consumed energy during the grinding process. Consequently, this study develops a model of material-removal rate to estimate specific energy consumption based on the measurement of active power consumed in a plane surface grinding of C45K with different thermal treatments and AISI 304. This model identifies and evaluates the dissipated power by sliding, ploughing, and chip formation in an industrial-scale grinding process. Furthermore, the instantaneous positions of abrasive grains during cutting are described to study the material-removal rate. The estimation of specific chip-formation energy is similar to that described by other authors on a laboratory scale, which allows to validate the model and experiments. Finally, the results show that the energy consumed by sliding is the main mechanism of energy dissipation in an industrial-scale grinding process, where it is denoted that sliding energy by volume unity decreases as the depth of cut and the speed of the workpiece increase.

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WANG Yan, 王艳, 徐九华 XU Jiu-hua i 杨路 YANG Lu. "Grinding force and specific grinding energy of high speed grinding of 9CrWMn cold work die steel". Optics and Precision Engineering 23, nr 7 (2015): 2031–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/ope.20152307.2031.

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Gu, Shen Shen, Chang Yong Yang, Yu Can Fu, Wen Feng Ding i Da Shun Huang. "Grinding Force and Specific Energy in Plunge Grinding of 20CrMnTi with Monolayer Brazed CBN Wheel". Materials Science Forum 770 (październik 2013): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.770.34.

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In this paper, plunge grinding experiment was conducted on 20CrMnTi with monolayer brazed cubic boron nitride (CBN) wheel. Surface integrity was evaluated through morphology observing and roughness testing. It is found that surface roughness Ra is lower than 0.8μm. Grinding forces were measured and the effects of process parameters (i.e. workpiece speed and depth of cut) on grinding forces were studied. The changing regulation of specific grinding energy with the increase of equivalent chip thickness was revealed. The result shows that both grinding force and specific energy are lower comparing with white fused alumina (WA) wheels. In general, monolayer brazed CBN wheels perform better in grinding of 20CrMnTi than WA wheels.

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Zhang, Dongkun, Changhe Li, Yanbin Zhang, Dongzhou Jia i Xiaowei Zhang. "Experimental research on the energy ratio coefficient and specific grinding energy in nanoparticle jet MQL grinding". International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 78, nr 5-8 (7.01.2015): 1275–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-014-6722-6.

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Colorado-Arango, Laura, Sindy Llano-Gómez i Adriana Osorio-Correa. "Quartz grinding specific rate of breakage (Sj) classification by discriminant analysis". Revista UIS Ingenierías 19, nr 2 (3.05.2020): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18273/revuin.v19n2-2020015.

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Specific rate of breakage (Sj) is an important parameter for grinding kinetics behavior due to it isreverserelated with the process energy consumption. Size grinding media, viscosity medium, and fine particle formation are some ofmodifiablevariableforto reduce the energy in the grinding process.Nowadays, there is no model that explains the relationship among Sj and parameters described above.Aclassification model based on linear discriminant analysisfor quartz wet grinding wasproposedto identify conditions with the high Sj.Three grinding kinetic behavior groups have been found through cluster analysis and two discriminant functions that explicate difference among groups. The first function was themost powerful differentiating dimension with 89.01% of prediction percentage,and the second onerepresented an additional significant dimension with 10.99%of prediction.

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Kadivar, Mohammadali, Bahman Azarhoushang, Amir Daneshi i Peter Krajnik. "Surface integrity in micro-grinding of Ti6Al4V considering the specific micro-grinding energy". Procedia CIRP 87 (2020): 181–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2020.02.069.

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Bifano, Thomas G., i Steven C. Fawcett. "Specific grinding energy as an in-process control variable for ductile-regime grinding". Precision Engineering 13, nr 4 (październik 1991): 256–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0141-6359(91)90003-2.

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Rahim, Erween Abdul, R. Ibrahim, Z. Mohid, M. F. Ahmad i M. Shahrudin. "Study on Temperature, Force and Specific Energy of AISI 1020 under MQL Grinding Process". Applied Mechanics and Materials 465-466 (grudzień 2013): 1119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.465-466.1119.

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Grinding is one of the most difficult processes in machining operations. Normally, the flood coolant method was used as a cooling agent in the grinding process. The most common defects using flood coolant are higher grinding friction, higher heat generation, and thermal damage. Therefore, the minimum quality lubricant (MQL) was introduced to minimize the defects. The main objective of this project is to compare the performance of MQL and flood coolant techniques in terms of grinding temperature, grinding force and specific energy. Three levels of cutting speeds, three levels of feed rate and depth of cut are adopted in the evaluation. The experiments were conducted on a thin plate of mild steel AISI 1020. The result shows that the MQL technique was effectively supplied to the grinding contact zone. This research revealed that the MQL technique exhibited an advantages on the surface temperature compared to the flood coolant.

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Zhang, G. Z., i Jiang Han. "Study on Honing Mechanism of Gear Surface Using an Internal Honing Wheel Based on Single-Particle Abrasive". Key Engineering Materials 764 (luty 2018): 235–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.764.235.

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Based on geometry model of single abrasive particle, comparing abrasive geometries of different materials displayed in SEM images, it is proposed that abrasive geometry is similar to inverted cone with vertex radius in sphere. Based on abrasives with inverted cone geometry, through introducing sliding ratio, mathematical models of cutting force and specific grinding energy of single abrasive have been established to study about cutting force in meshing line of single abrasive; in accordance with specific grinding energy of single abrasive, combined with internal meshing principle, the relationship among specific grinding energy, engagement, and meshing line length l have been studied. Through simulation analysis, it is shown that the unit normal force of single abrasive in whole meshing line gradually increases from tooth top to pitch line and tooth root; the greater the value of l from pitch line to tooth top, the more the specific grinding energy accordingly; however the greater the value of l from pitch line to tooth root, the smaller the specific grinding energy therewith; the greater the engagement, the smaller the specific grinding energy which tends to stable with changing of l.

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LEE, YOUNG MOON, DAE WON BAE i HYUN GU LEE. "EFFECTS OF THE MAXIMUM UNDEFORMED CHIP THICKNESS ON ROUGHNESS AND SPECIFIC ENERGY IN SURFACE GRINDING". International Journal of Modern Physics B 20, nr 25n27 (30.10.2006): 3787–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979206040374.

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In this study, effects of the maximum undeformed chip thickness on roughness of ground surface and specific grinding energy were investigated. The acoustic emission (AE) signals generated during grinding processes have been analyzed to find out the appropriate AE parameters for assessing the processes. SM45C steels were ground under conditions yielding volumetric removal rate per unit width of 100, 200, 300 and 400 mm3/min. From the experimental results, it is found that surface roughness ( Ra ) increases but grinding power (P), energy rate of AE signal (AErms2) and specific grinding energy(e) consumed decrease as the maximum undeformed chip thickness(g) increases.

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Chen, Ming, Da Peng Dong, Guo Qiang Guo i Qing Long An. "Study on Grinding Crack of Premium Thread Gauge Material 9Mn2V". Key Engineering Materials 589-590 (październik 2013): 252–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.589-590.252.

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This paper investigates the surface integrity of premium thread gauge material 9Mn2V in reciprocating surface grinding using SG abrasive, which includes metallographic structure for grinding crack, specific grinding energy and surface residual stress. The specific grinding energy and the surface residual stress can be reduced after the workpiece gets tempered, so small grinding depth can lead to the generation of cracks when the workpiece is not tempered. Otherwise, the depth of heat affected zone increases with the increase of grinding depth, but not increases proportionally. After 9Mn2V is tempered, the occurrence of grinding burn and grinding cracks can be improved.

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Sheng, Xiao Min, Kun Tang, Jian Wu Yu i Hai Qing Mi. "Experimental Research of Grinding Force and Specific Grinding Energy of TC4 Titanium Alloy in High Speed Deep Grinding". Advanced Materials Research 76-78 (czerwiec 2009): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.76-78.55.

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Focusing on the characteristic of hard-to-grind for titanium alloy, experiments were conducted about grinding TC4 titanium alloy under high speed deep grinding (HSDG) condition. The changing of grinding force per unit area with maximum undeformed chip thickness hmax and equivalent cutting thickness aeq are analyzed in this paper. The effect of maximum undeformed chip thickness hmax and specific material removal rate Zw' on specific grinding energy es, material removal mechanism and consumption of grinding power in HSDG process are also discussed. The experiment results reveal that application of HSDG can improve machining efficiency of grinding TC4.

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Vukmirovic, Djuro, Jovanka Levic, Aleksandar Fistes, Radmilo Colovic, Tea Brlek, Dusica Colovic i Olivera Djuragic. "Influence of grinding method and grinding intensity of corn on mill energy consumption and pellet quality". Chemical Industry 70, nr 1 (2016): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind141114012v.

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In recent years there is an emerging trend of coarse grinding of cereals in production of poultry feed due to positive influence of coarse particles on poultry digestive system. Influence of grinding method (hammer mill vs. roller mill) and grinding intensity of corn (coarseness of grinding) on mill specific energy consumption and pellet quality was investigated. By decreasing grinding intensity of corn (coarser grinding), specific energy consumption of both hammer mill and roller mill was significantly decreased (p < 0.05). When comparing similar grinding intensities on hammer mill and roller mill (similar geometric mean diameter or similar particle size distribution), specific energy consumption was higher for the hammer mill. Pellet quality decreased with coarser grinding on hammer mill but, however, this effect was not observed for the roller mill. Generally, pellet quality was better when roller mill was used. It can be concluded that significant energy savings could be achieved by coarser grinding of corn before pelleting and by using roller mill instead of hammer mill. From the aspect of pellet quality, if coarser grinding is applied it is better to use roller mill, concerning that more uniform particle size distribution of corn ground on roller mill probably results in more uniform particle size distribution in pellets and this provides better pellet quality.

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Yang, Chang Yong, Jiu Hua Xu i Wen Feng Ding. "Grinding Force in Creep Feed Grinding of Titanium Alloy with Monolayer Brazed CBN Wheels". Advanced Materials Research 565 (wrzesień 2012): 94–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.565.94.

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In this paper, grinding forces of titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V are measured during creep feed grinding with brazed cubic boron nitride (CBN) wheels. The effects of process parameters on grinding force, force ratio and specific grinding energy are investigated in detail. The grinding force is low and force ratio is about 1.5, and the specific grinding energy of titanium alloys Ti-6Al-4V is about 65J/mm3. Also, CBN wheels brazed with composite filler of Ag-Cu-Ti and 0.5wt.% lanthanum show better grinding performance than the counterpart brazed with Ag-Cu-Ti filler in this investigation.

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Yang, Jin Guo, Zi Yu Zhao i Su Zhi Zhang. "Testing Study on Surface Grinding of Post-High-Temperature Granite". Applied Mechanics and Materials 364 (sierpień 2013): 509–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.364.509.

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For hard, brittle and difficult-to-cut materials, the technology heating auxiliary grinding has a significant role in improving productivity and reducing costs. Using different thermal loads and different ways of cooling to load granite,we carried out surface grinding experiments. We tested and analyzed variation of the grinding force and specific grinding energy. The results showed that strengthening the thermal load continuously, the grinding force and specific grinding energy reduce. This phenomenon significantly improves grinding efficiency and reduces the wear of wheel. Studies have shown that the auxiliary heating has an important contribution to enhance the production capacity of the stone processing.

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Остановский, Александр, i Aleksandr Ostanovskiy. "ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF KINEMATIC INSUFFICIENCY OF BRANCHES OF A CLOSED CONTOUR REDUCED POWER INPUT IN THE MILL OF THE MKAD SYSTEM". Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov 4, nr 3 (10.04.2019): 134–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.34031/article_5ca1f635ef2844.35993706.

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The necessity of improving technological operations in the processing of mineral raw materials and the use of energy-efficient grinding equipment is substantiated. The technical and technological benefits of vertical dynamic autogenous grinding mills are given. They are based on a method of self-grinding of the material, which allows to reduce the specific energy consumption. The technical advantages of the MKAD system mills, the structural schemes of which have an indifferent group are explained. Since the mills of this system additionally use so-called “circulating” energy, depending on the degree of deformation of the drive motor shaft, it is necessary to study the effect of kinematic mismatch of closed-circuit branches on the specific energy consumption of grinding. The graphic dependences of kinematic discrepancy effect on the specific energy consumption of grinding in the MKAD system mills are presented.

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Sinha, Manoj Kumar, Sudarsan Ghosh i Venkateswara Rao Paruchuri. "Modelling of specific grinding energy for Inconel 718 superalloy". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 233, nr 2 (15.11.2017): 443–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405417741513.

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Tsakalakis, K. G., i G. A. Stamboltzis. "Modelling the Specific Grinding Energy and Ball-Mill Scaleup". IFAC Proceedings Volumes 37, nr 15 (wrzesień 2004): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)30999-0.

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Zhang, Dongkun, Changhe Li, Dongzhou Jia, Yanbin Zhang i Xiaowei Zhang. "Specific grinding energy and surface roughness of nanoparticle jet minimum quantity lubrication in grinding". Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 28, nr 2 (kwiecień 2015): 570–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cja.2014.12.035.

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Mannheim, Viktoria, i Weronika Kruszelnicka. "Energy-Model and Life Cycle-Model for Grinding Processes of Limestone Products". Energies 15, nr 10 (22.05.2022): 3816. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15103816.

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Fine and ultrafine grinding of limestone are frequently used in the pharmaceutical, chemical, construction, food, and cosmetic industries, however, research investigations have not yet been published on the combination of energy and life cycle modeling. Therefore, the first aim of this research work was the examination of main grinding parameters of the limestone particles to determine an empiric energy-model. Dry and wet grinding experiments have been carried out with a Bond mill and a laboratory stirred ball mill. During the grinding processes, the grinding time and the filling ratio have been adjusted. The second goal of this research assessed the resources, emissions and environmental impacts of wet laboratory grinding with the help of life cycle assessment (LCA). The life cycle assessment was completed by applying the GaBi 8.0 (version: 10.5) software and the CML method. As a result of research, the determination of an empiric energy-model allowed to develop an estimated particle size distribution and a relationship between grinding fineness and specific grinding energy. The particle size distribution of ground materials can be exactly calculated by an empirical Rosin–Rammler function which represented well the function parameters on the mill characters. In accordance with LCA results, the environmental impacts for the mass of a useful product for different levels of specific energy with the building of approximation functions were determined. This research work sets up a new complex model with the help of mathematical equations between life cycle assessment and specific energy results, and so improves the energy and environmental efficiency of grinding systems. This research work facilitates the industry to make predictions for a production-scale plant using an LCA of pilot grinding processes.

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LÖNNBERG, BRUNO. "DEVELOPMENT OF WOOD GRINDING. 3. FURTHER TESTING OF GRINDING MODELS". Cellulose Chemistry and Technology 55, nr 7-8 (30.09.2021): 795–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2021.55.66.

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"The study is the continuation of a sequence of works devoted to describing the mechanisms occurring during stone grinding of wood. This part was aimed at further testing of pressurised grinding of spruce wood, which was conducted under controlled laboratory conditions. Testing of the developed theoretical model for power ratio (Pc/Pt) versus energy specific production (Ġw/Pt) produced linears for data representing constant wood moisture content. However, the linears showed almost identical results for fresh woods, and also for drier wood, e.g. wood containing saturated fibres and air-dried wood, although one would expect some differences due to the widely varying constant moisture, from 65% to 15% moisture content. Simplification of the model resulted in (cw + X cm) ΔTp-w ≈ Pt / Ġw, and it led to specific linears, when the members as such were correlated between themselves at several constant wood moisture contents. The results were briefly as follows. Increasing wood feed rate – 0.7, 1.0 and 1.3 mm/s – decreased the specific energy requirement, while increased stone surface speed – 20 and 30 m/s – increased it. The left-hand member or the “X-factor” as named in this context, correlated with the right-hand member or the specific energy requirement and resulted in declining linears. The lower the wood moisture content – 65, 58, 44, 28 and 15% – the smaller was the linear declination, and also the difference due to stone surface speed. The application of an energy balance could be useful in searching for a working wood grinding model. Such a model would enable critical examination of wood grinding conditions. Also, it would help understanding the mechanism of various factors, such as grinding parameters, wood properties and stone burr and sharpness. It seems that there are factors that are not known well enough for further development of grinding. Shower water flow and temperature affect the stone surface temperature as known, but their significance for the energy balance or grinding mechanism are not known. Also, the thin film of pulp slurry between the stone surface and the heat activated wood layer is evidently a significant factor that is connected to the local energy transfer. "

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Wu, Caibin, Ningning Liao, Guiming Shi i Liangliang Zhu. "Breakage Characterization of Grinding Media Based on Energy Consumption and Particle Size Distribution: Hexagons versus Cylpebs". Minerals 8, nr 11 (13.11.2018): 527. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min8110527.

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The grinding performance of hexagon grinding media particles has been compared with that of cylpebs grinding media particles. A batch grinding test was conducted using equal masses of hexagons and cylpebs. The particle size distribution and energy consumption during grinding of the ground product were analyzed, and the relationships among the specific surface area, bulk density, energy consumption, and t10 value are discussed. Under the same grinding conditions, the grinding capacity of hexagons was inferior to that of cylpebs. However, as the particle size of the feed became finer, the grinding effect of hexagons became more apparent. At the same time, the qualified particles content in the ground product was higher when using hexagons than when using cylpebs. The relationship between the specific surface area and energy consumption during grinding was consistent with the regular pattern of grinding fineness and energy consumption. In addition, the bulk density of minerals decreases with an increase in grinding energy. The same conclusion was obtained when −0.425 mm tungsten ore was used as a sample for validation. The flotation experiment result has carried out that hexagons as grinding media have a better flotation indicator than cylpebs in the same grinding fineness. It is demonstrated that although the grinding capacity of hexagons is inferior to that of cylpebs, less overgrinding occurs when using hexagons than when using cylpebs. For tungsten ore grinding, hexagons act as a finer grinding media than cylpebs.

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Song, Cheng Jie, Wen Feng Ding, Jiu Hua Xu i Zhen Zhen Chen. "Grinding Performance of Metal-Bonded CBN Wheels with Regular Pores". Applied Mechanics and Materials 217-219 (listopad 2012): 1857–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.217-219.1857.

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Metal-bonded cBN wheels with regular pores were fabricated using Cu-Sn-Ti alloy, cBN abrasive grains and alumina (Al2O3) bubble particles. Dressing experiments were carried out through rotary dressing method. Subsequently, grinding experiments were conducted on nickel-based superalloy GH4169. Comparative grinding performance was evaluated with vitrified cBN wheels in terms of grinding force and specific grinding energy. The results reveal that the pores in the working layer of the cBN wheels are exposed after rotary dressing. Compared to vitrified cBN wheels, grinding forces and specific grinding energy of the newly developed cBN wheels with regular pores are smaller.

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Imbelloni, Alaine Moreira, José Pedro Silva i Carlos Alberto Pereira. "Nickel ore grinding energy determination". Rem: Revista Escola de Minas 67, nr 2 (czerwiec 2014): 185–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0370-44672014000200009.

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This study describes the application of an empirical method to estimate the energy consumption in laboratory of the primary grinding of nickel ore with a specific mineralogical texture. This method developed by Donda was previously used in iron ore from the Iron Quadrangle (Minas Gerais, Brasil) with the same purpose. Through the grinding test, performed under standard conditions and based on the degree of liberation and percentage retained on 0.074 mm, it is possible to obtain the energy consumption for grinding. The results mean a validation of the method with a good approximation between industrial and laboratory values. In practice the energy consumption is 26.6 kWh/t and through Donda's method, when using the liberation degree as a parameter, the energy found was 26.8 kWh/t.

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Őze, Csilla, i Éva Makó. "Optimization of Grinding Parameters for the Mechanochemical Activation of Kaolin with the Addition of Trass". Minerals 13, nr 7 (7.07.2023): 915. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min13070915.

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At present, to achieve further reductions in CO2 emissions in the cement industry, it is essential to improve the efficiency of grinding processes and reduce the energy demand. This study examined the effects of various grinding parameters (addition of trass, ball to powder mass ratio (BPR), material of grinding bodies and jars, rotational speed, and mill type) to minimize the energy consumption of the mechanochemical activation of kaolinite. X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and specific surface area measurements were used to examine the influence of grinding parameters. It was found that the addition of as little as 25% (mass percent) trass reduced the specific energy demand for the complete amorphization of kaolinite by 56%. The application of steel grinding bodies (instead of ZrO2 ones) had a slight influence on the amorphization kinetics of kaolinite, but it could mechanochemically activate 30% more samples at the same BPR and specific energy demand. The use of the four-pot milling instead of the one-pot could considerably decrease the specific energy demand of the complete and incomplete (α = 0.9) amorphization of kaolinite. Overall, a 94% reduction was achieved in specific energy demand with steel grinding material, 14:1 BPR, four-pot milling, and the incomplete amorphization of kaolinite.

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Zhou, Hai, Jiahui Wei, Fang Song, Yongkang Li, Chuanjin Huang, Tongtong Xu i Xiaoming Xu. "Analysis of the Grinding Characteristics of β-Ga2O3 Crystal on Different Planes". Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Systems 19, nr 02 (czerwiec 2020): 235–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219686720500122.

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The (010) and (100) planes of a [Formula: see text]-Ga2O3 crystal were subjected to precision grinding tests with a resin bond diamond grinding wheel on a precision surface grinding machine. The grinding characteristics and surface grinding quality of the planes of the [Formula: see text]-Ga2O3 crystal were analyzed on the basis of grinding force, grinding force ratio, specific energy, and surface morphology. The (010) plane shows a larger grinding force and specific energy but a smaller grinding force ratio compared with the (100) plane. Under experimental conditions, the normal and tangential grinding forces of the (010) plane are 1.4–2.2 and 2.6–7.8 times that of the (100) plane, respectively. The specific energy of the (010) plane is 2.8–6.1 times that of the (100) plane, and the grinding force ratio of the (100) plane is 1.4–3.7 times that of the (010) plane. Under the same grinding conditions, the material removal methods for the two planes are evidently different. The (010) plane is mainly removed by brittle fracture and accompanied by a minimal broken area, whereas the (100) plane is mainly removed by cleavage layering and exhibits numerous block cleavage. The (100) plane is the strong cleavage surface, and the (100) plane demonstrates a higher surface roughness than the (010) plane under the same grinding conditions.

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Fragnière, Greta, Aleksandra Naumann, Marcel Schrader, Arno Kwade i Carsten Schilde. "Grinding Media Motion and Collisions in Different Zones of Stirred Media Mills". Minerals 11, nr 2 (11.02.2021): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11020185.

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Product fineness during grinding in stirred media mills is mainly influenced by the specific energy input, the stress energy transferred by the colliding grinding media and the stress frequency. The stress energy from grinding media collisions is heterogeneously distributed in stirred media mills. Herein, in order to characterize the stress energy distribution and the local grinding media collision frequencies, the grinding media motion was calculated using discrete element method (DEM) simulations coupled with computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The local grinding media concentration, velocity profiles, grinding media collisions and stress energies were compared for varied total grinding media fillings and stirrer speeds. It was confirmed that the normalized grinding media velocity profile can be used to divide the grinding chamber into four types of zones that allow the modeling of the stress energy distribution. However, the collision frequency showed very different distributions for varied stirrer velocities and grinding media fillings.

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Zhan, You Ji, Yuan Li, Hui Huang i Xi Peng Xu. "Energy and Material Removal Mechanisms for the Grinding of Cemented Carbide with Brazed Diamond Wheels". Solid State Phenomena 175 (czerwiec 2011): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.175.58.

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An investigation was undertaken to explore the specific energy and material removal mechanisms involved in the grinding of cemented carbide with vacuum brazing diamond wheels. A mathematical model, relating to the grinding parameters such as wheel velocity, workpiece feedrate and depth of cut, was proposed to predict specific grinding energy, and was verified by experimental data. This verification came as a result of surface grinding two typical cemented carbides (YG8 and YG30) with a vacuum brazing diamond wheel under various grinding conditions. The earlier model’s prediction shows a direct correlation with the experimental results. Good relationships between the consumed power per unit width with the plowed face areas generated by all cutting points per unit width were obtained. Microscopic examination of the ground surfaces and the grinding detritus by a digital and video microscope system also revealed that material removal occurred mainly by flow-type chip formation (plastic flow) while grinding YG8 and by blocky fracture particles formation (brittle fracture) while grinding YT30.

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Ding, Kai, Yu Can Fu, Hong Hua Su, Tao He, Xi Zhai Yu i Guo Zhi Ding. "Experimental Study on Ultrasonic Assisted Grinding of C/SiC Composites". Key Engineering Materials 620 (sierpień 2014): 128–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.620.128.

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In the present work, ultrasonic assisted grinding (UAG) and conventional grinding (CG, without ultrasonic) tests of Carbon fiber reinforced silicon carbide matrix (C/SiC) composites were conducted. In addition, analysis was done by comparing the machining quality, grinding force, and specific grinding energy between the two processes. The results showed that material removal mode of carbon fiber both in CG and UAG were brittle fracture, and fracture size had no obvious difference. Compared with CG, brittle fracture area of SiC increased during UAG. In comparison with CG, the normal grinding force and tangential grinding force for UAG were reduced maximally by 45%, 39% respectively of those for CG. Accordingly, specific grinding energy was also reduced by UAG. Therefore, UAG can improve the grinding performance of C/SiC composites significantly.

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Бастриков, Дмитрий, D. Bastrikov, Юрий Власов, Yuriy Vlasov, Сергей Кучер i Sergey Kucher. "INVESTIGATION OF THE ENERGY CONSUMPTION OF BARKING WASTE GRINDING BY IN-STALLATION WITH A KNIFE WORKING BODY". Forestry Engineering Journal 8, nr 1 (19.03.2018): 124–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5ab0dfc1384de4.17339793.

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Abstract The subject of the proposed study is aimed at studying the process of grinding barking waste. The main tasks of experimental research are to establish general patterns linking the energy intensity of grinding of debarking waste with the degree of grinding and to estimate the energy intensity of the grinding operation of barking waste in prepara-tion for utilization. The article presents the results of experiments on crushing waste from spruce and pine, performed with the Erdwich M600 / 1-400 industrial choppers. For each of the two species, 9 groups of experimental material have been examined at different humidity and degree of grinding. It is shown that the specific energy intensity of grinding waste from spruce and pine barking is associated with the relative humidity of the barking waste and the degree of their grinding by a nonlinear dependence repeating the structure of the Kirpichev-Kick grinding law; corresponding mathematical models are got. It has been established that the ratio of heat combustion of the dry matter contained in the bark crushing product ("energy cost") and the energy expended for its crushing ("energy prime cost") depends on the relative humidity of the bark, and the dependence has a minimum point. The optimum moisture content of the waste products from the spruce, subject to grinding, is 25%, pine - 27%. It is established that the specific energy intensity of grinding waste from debarking spruce and pine with the optimum humidity is proportional to the natural logarithm of the degree of grinding. With optimum humidity for grinding waste, debarking sprues in 5-15 times requires energy consumption of 5-10% of the calorific value. At optimum humidity for pine waste grinding in 5-15 times, energy making 7-14% of a heat of combustion is required

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Liu, Lei, Yue Xin Han, Zhi Tao Yuan, Li Xia Li i Qi Tan. "Crushed Product Characteristics of Low-Grade Hematite in High-Pressure Grinding Roller". Advanced Materials Research 158 (listopad 2010): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.158.35.

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As an ultra-fine crushing equipment, High-pressure Grinding Roller (HPGR) has unique advantages in crushing refractory ores, owing to its high efficiency and low energy consumption. Low-grade hematite ores from Anshan were crushed by a laboratory CLF-25-10 HPGR with different applied load, roll speed and feed moisture. The different operating factors on the fine crushed products characteristics were investigated and the suitable operating parameters were obtained. The results showed that the product became finer and specific grinding energy increased with applied load increasing, while the capacity did not vary obviously. The capacity was proportional to the roll speed, while product finess and specific grinding energy didn’t change significantly. The moisture of feed was beneficial to coarse particles crushing and went against fine particles crushing. Specific grinding energy increased and capacity increased and then decreased with the increase of feed moisture. It was obtained that applied load of 5.2N/mm2, roll speed of 0.18m/s and feed moisture of 5% were suitable to crushing effect. At these conditions, the percent of -0.074mm production was 21.84%, P80 of product was 2.55mm, specific grinding energy was 1.081Kwh/t and capacity was 1.521t/h.

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Mishra, Vijay Kumar, i Konstantinos Salonitis. "Empirical Estimation of Grinding Specific Forces and Energy Based on a Modified Werner Grinding Model". Procedia CIRP 8 (2013): 287–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2013.06.104.

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Dai, Qiu Lian, Can Bin Luo i Fang Yi You. "Grinding Performance of Porous Diamond Wheels on Different Materials". Advanced Materials Research 189-193 (luty 2011): 3191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.189-193.3191.

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In this paper, metal-bonded diamond wheels of different sized abrasive grain with different porosity were fabricated. Grinding experiments with these wheels on three kinds of materials were carried out under different grinding conditions. Experimental results revealed that wheel with high porosity (38%) had smaller grinding forces and specific energy than the one with a medium porosity (24%) on grinding G603. However, on grinding harder materials like Red granite or ceramics of Al2O3, the wheel with 38% porosity had bigger grinding forces and specific energy than the wheel with 24% porosity. Both wheels exhibited good self-sharpening capability during the grinding process of G603 and Red granite, but on grinding ceramics of Al2O3 the wheel with 38% porosity displayed in dull state during the grinding process . With the same porosity, the grinding forces of the wheel with a grain size of 230/270 US mesh were lower than the one with a grain size of W10 when grinding Red granite and ceramics of Al2O3. However revising results were obtained on grinding G603.

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Kruszelnicka, Weronika, Robert Kasner, Patrycja Bałdowska-Witos, Józef Flizikowski i Andrzej Tomporowski. "The Integrated Energy Consumption Index for Energy Biomass Grinding Technology Assessment". Energies 13, nr 6 (18.03.2020): 1417. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13061417.

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The assessment of engineering objects in terms of energy consumption is an important part of sustainable development. Many materials, including those from the energy sector, need to undergo earlier processing, e.g., grinding. Grinding processes still demand a significant amount of energy, whereas current energy assessment methods do not take into account important parameters of the process, which makes it difficult to choose their optimal values. The study presents the analysis, testing, and assessment of mechanical engineering systems in terms of the energy consumption involved in the grinding of biomass intended for energy production purposes. A testing methodology was developed to improve the parameters of multi-disc grinding, including the reduction of energy consumption, power input, product quality improvement, and process efficiency. An original model of integrated energy consumption was developed. Tests were carried out on a five-disc grinder for five programs to assess the programmable angular speeds of the grinder discs. Output values, including specific energy demand, fragmentation degree, and integrated energy consumption, were assigned to each testing program. The test results were subjected to statistical analysis. Based on the authors’ own research, it was found that the angular speed of the discs and, consequently, the linear speed of the grinding blades, have a significant influence on the values of the integrated energy consumption of the preliminary process.

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Hwang, T. W., i S. Malkin. "Upper bound analysis for specific energy in grinding of ceramics". Wear 231, nr 2 (lipiec 1999): 161–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0043-1648(98)00283-x.

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Hwang, T. W., C. J. Evans i S. Malkin. "Size effect for specific energy in grinding of silicon nitride". Wear 225-229 (kwiecień 1999): 862–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0043-1648(98)00406-2.

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Mayer, John E., Angie H. Price, Ganesh K. Purushothaman, Arun Kumar Dhayalan i Marc S. Pepi. "Specific Grinding Energy Causing Thermal Damage in Helicopter Gear Steel". Journal of Manufacturing Processes 4, nr 2 (styczeń 2002): 142–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1526-6125(02)70140-0.

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Ghosh, S., A. B. Chattopadhyay i S. Paul. "Modelling of specific energy requirement during high-efficiency deep grinding". International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture 48, nr 11 (wrzesień 2008): 1242–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2008.03.008.

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Kamarova, Saule, Saule Abildinova, Angel Terziev i Aliya Elemanova. "The efficiency analysis of the SH-25A ball drum mill when grinding industrial products of fossil fuels". E3S Web of Conferences 180 (2020): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018001003.

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The working characteristics of a laboratory ball drum mill during grinding of Karaganda coal products were studied in order to apply the results obtained to industrial installations. The performed analysis shows that the most complicated and energy-intensive stage of preparation of coal dust is the grinding of fuel. The operational characteristics of the mill productivity, consumed electric power and specific energy consumption in terms of the relative rotational speed of the drum as well as the optimal values of the relative velocity determining the qualitative grinding of the fuel have been determined. The performance of the processed drum mill reaches its maximum at a relative speed of rotation of the drum 0.71 ensuring a waterfall mode of grinding of fuel related to the high-speed mode of a coal-grinding mill. The estimated specific energy consumption for fuel grinding varies in the range from 0.11 kWh/kg up to 0.23 kWh/kg at fuel milling coefficient of Kl = 1.2.

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