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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Speciation”

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Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 31 sierpnia 2024

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1

Ingram, Travis, Alexis Harrison, D. Luke Mahler, María del Rosario Castañeda, Richard E. Glor, Anthony Herrel, Yoel E. Stuart i Jonathan B. Losos. "Comparative tests of the role of dewlap size in Anolis lizard speciation". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 283, nr 1845 (28.12.2016): 20162199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.2199.

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Phenotypic traits may be linked to speciation in two distinct ways: character values may influence the rate of speciation or diversification in the trait may be associated with speciation events. Traits involved in signal transmission, such as the dewlap of Anolis lizards, are often involved in the speciation process. The dewlap is an important visual signal with roles in species recognition and sexual selection, and dewlaps vary among species in relative size as well as colour and pattern. We compile a dataset of relative dewlap size digitized from photographs of 184 anole species from across the genus' geographical range. We use phylogenetic comparative methods to test two hypotheses: that larger dewlaps are associated with higher speciation rates, and that relative dewlap area diversifies according to a speciational model of evolution. We find no evidence of trait-dependent speciation, indicating that larger signals do not enhance any role the dewlap has in promoting speciation. Instead, we find a signal of mixed speciational and gradual trait evolution, with a particularly strong signal of speciational change in the dewlaps of mainland lineages. This indicates that dewlap size diversifies in association with the speciation process, suggesting that divergent selection may play a role in the macroevolution of this signalling trait.

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2

Quintero, Ignacio, Nicolas Lartillot i Hélène Morlon. "Imbalanced speciation pulses sustain the radiation of mammals". Science 384, nr 6699 (31.05.2024): 1007–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.adj2793.

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The evolutionary histories of major clades, including mammals, often comprise changes in their diversification dynamics, but how these changes occur remains debated. We combined comprehensive phylogenetic and fossil information in a new “birth-death diffusion” model that provides a detailed characterization of variation in diversification rates in mammals. We found an early rising and sustained diversification scenario, wherein speciation rates increased before and during the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) boundary. The K-Pg mass extinction event filtered out more slowly speciating lineages and was followed by a subsequent slowing in speciation rates rather than rebounds. These dynamics arose from an imbalanced speciation process, with separate lineages giving rise to many, less speciation-prone descendants. Diversity seems to have been brought about by these isolated, fast-speciating lineages, rather than by a few punctuated innovations.

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3

Martin, Christopher H., i Emilie J. Richards. "The Paradox Behind the Pattern of Rapid Adaptive Radiation: How Can the Speciation Process Sustain Itself Through an Early Burst?" Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 50, nr 1 (2.11.2019): 569–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110617-062443.

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Rapid adaptive radiation poses two distinct questions apart from speciation and adaptation: What happens after one speciation event and how do some lineages continue speciating through a rapid burst? We review major features of rapid radiations and their mismatch with theoretical models and speciation mechanisms. The paradox is that the hallmark rapid burst pattern of adaptive radiation is contradicted by most speciation models, which predict continuously decelerating diversification and niche subdivision. Furthermore, it is unclear if and how speciation-promoting mechanisms such as magic traits, phenotype matching, and physical linkage of coadapted alleles promote rapid bursts of speciation. We review additional mechanisms beyond ecological opportunity to explain rapid radiations: ( a) ancient adaptive alleles and the transporter hypothesis, ( b) sexual signal complexity, ( c) fitness landscape connectivity, ( d) diversity begets diversity, and ( e) plasticity first. We propose new questions and predictions connecting microevolutionary processes to macroevolutionary patterns through the study of rapid radiations.

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4

Chen, Liang, Yong Feng Li, Kai Xuan Tan, Yang Hu, Yan Shi Xie, Wei Huang i Zheng Qing Wang. "Chemical Speciations of Uranium of a Sandstone Uranium Deposit and their Effects to In Situ Leaching, Northwest China". Advanced Materials Research 953-954 (czerwiec 2014): 597–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.953-954.597.

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The chemical speciations of uranium of a sandstone uranium deposit in the Yili Basin were quantitative analyzed using the method of sequential chemical extraction, and the implications of which for in-situ leaching of uranium were discussed. The proportion of chemical speciations of uranium shows that the bound to carbonates>the bound to Fe-Mn oxides>the exchangeable>the residual>the bound to sulfide-organic matter speciation, which is beneficial to cost reduction on in-situ leaching of uranium and environmental protection. The active uranium includes 4 chemical speciations except for the residual speciation is principal, which suggests that the leaching rate of uranium of the sandstone uranium deposit is high. The inert uranium is the residual speciation, with low proportion. The sample with high proportion of active uranium is of high grade, and vice versa, which indicates that the ratio of total uranium extracted/reserves should be relatively high. Hence, based on the chemical speciations of uranium, the sandstone uranium deposit can be exploited suitably using the technique of in-situ leaching with dilute sulfuric acid, integrated considering that cost control of in-situ leaching of uranium, environmental protection, leaching rate of uranium and the ratio of total uranium extracted/reserves of uranium.

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5

Jiggins, C. D. "Speciation: Reinforced butterfly speciation". Heredity 96, nr 2 (12.10.2005): 107–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.hdy.6800754.

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6

Nitschke, Charlotte R., Mathew Hourston, Vinay Udyawer i Kate L. Sanders. "Rates of population differentiation and speciation are decoupled in sea snakes". Biology Letters 14, nr 10 (październik 2018): 20180563. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2018.0563.

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Comparative phylogeography can inform many macroevolutionary questions, such as whether species diversification is limited by rates of geographical population differentiation. We examined the link between population genetic structure and species diversification in the fully aquatic sea snakes (Hydrophiinae) by comparing mitochondrial phylogeography across northern Australia in 16 species from two closely related clades that show contrasting diversification dynamics. Contrary to expectations from theory and several empirical studies, our results show that, at the geographical scale studied here, rates of population differentiation and speciation are not positively linked in sea snakes. The eight species sampled from the rapidly speciating Hydrophis clade have weak population differentiation that lacks geographical structure. By contrast, all eight sampled Aipysurus–Emydocephalus species show clear geographical patterns and many deep intraspecific splits, but have threefold slower speciation rates. Alternative factors, such as ecological specialization, species duration and geographical range size, may underlie rapid speciation in sea snakes.

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7

ENDLER, JOHN A. "Speciation". BioScience 55, nr 1 (2005): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2005)055[0078:agroou]2.0.co;2.

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8

Rabosky, Daniel L. "Speciation". Auk 122, nr 1 (2005): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2005)122[0371:s]2.0.co;2.

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9

Hendry, Andrew P. "Speciation". Nature 458, nr 7235 (marzec 2009): 162–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/458162a.

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10

Rabosky, Daniel L. "Speciation". Auk 122, nr 1 (1.01.2005): 371–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/122.1.371.

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11

Bradshaw, T. "Speciation". Integrative and Comparative Biology 44, nr 5 (1.11.2004): 400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/44.5.400.

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12

Livens, Francis. "Speciation". Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 55, nr 1 (styczeń 2001): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0265-931x(00)00148-x.

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13

Barton, Nicholas H. "Speciation". Trends in Ecology & Evolution 16, nr 7 (lipiec 2001): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-5347(01)02207-8.

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14

Wills, Christopher. "Speciation". Journal of Heredity 96, nr 4 (24.02.2005): 470–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esi047.

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15

Sturmbauer, Christian. "Speciation". Marine Ecology 28, nr 2 (czerwiec 2007): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0485.2007.00157.x.

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16

Rull, Valentí. "Pleistocene speciation is not refuge speciation". Journal of Biogeography 42, nr 3 (11.11.2014): 602–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jbi.12440.

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17

Yalindua, Fione Yukita. "SPESIASI DAN BIOGEOGRAFI IKAN DI KAWASAN SEGITIGA TERUMBU KARANG". OSEANA 46, nr 1 (30.04.2021): 30–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/oseana.2021.vol.46no.1.101.

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The coral triangle is a region with the highest hotspot of fish biodiversity in the world. Factors to explain biodiversity in the coral triangle are varied widely. Factors as well as biogeography and speciation in evolutionary processes would explain the richness of fish species. The species formation theory in fish (speciation) is divided into allopatric, sympatric, and parapatric speciations. Biogeographically, the reason of what causes high biodiversity in the coral triangle area is divided into several models, namely: the center of origin, the center of overlap, the center of accumulation, the center of survival/refugia, and the mid domain effect/null model. This article will discuss the role and contribution of each mode/hypothesis in explaining coral triangle areas' biodiversity hotspots to provide information for biodiversity conservation of reef fishes in the future.

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18

Shang, Huiying, Jaqueline Hess, Melinda Pickup, David L. Field, Pär K. Ingvarsson, Jianquan Liu i Christian Lexer. "Evolution of strong reproductive isolation in plants: broad-scale patterns and lessons from a perennial model group". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 375, nr 1806 (13.07.2020): 20190544. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0544.

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Many recent studies have addressed the mechanisms operating during the early stages of speciation, but surprisingly few studies have tested theoretical predictions on the evolution of strong reproductive isolation (RI). To help address this gap, we first undertook a quantitative review of the hybrid zone literature for flowering plants in relation to reproductive barriers. Then, using Populus as an exemplary model group, we analysed genome-wide variation for phylogenetic tree topologies in both early- and late-stage speciation taxa to determine how these patterns may be related to the genomic architecture of RI. Our plant literature survey revealed variation in barrier complexity and an association between barrier number and introgressive gene flow. Focusing on Populus, our genome-wide analysis of tree topologies in speciating poplar taxa points to unusually complex genomic architectures of RI, consistent with earlier genome-wide association studies. These architectures appear to facilitate the ‘escape’ of introgressed genome segments from polygenic barriers even with strong RI, thus affecting their relationships with recombination rates. Placed within the context of the broader literature, our data illustrate how phylogenomic approaches hold great promise for addressing the evolution and temporary breakdown of RI during late stages of speciation. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Towards the completion of speciation: the evolution of reproductive isolation beyond the first barriers'.

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19

Bolnick, Daniel I., Amanda K. Hund, Patrik Nosil, Foen Peng, Mark Ravinet, Sean Stankowski, Swapna Subramanian, Jochen B. W. Wolf i Roman Yukilevich. "A multivariate view of the speciation continuum". Evolution 77, nr 1 (8.12.2022): 318–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/evolut/qpac004.

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Abstract The concept of a “speciation continuum” has gained popularity in recent decades. It emphasizes speciation as a continuous process that may be studied by comparing contemporary population pairs that show differing levels of divergence. In their recent perspective article in Evolution, Stankowski and Ravinet provided a valuable service by formally defining the speciation continuum as a continuum of reproductive isolation, based on opinions gathered from a survey of speciation researchers. While we agree that the speciation continuum has been a useful concept to advance the understanding of the speciation process, some intrinsic limitations exist. Here, we advocate for a multivariate extension, the speciation hypercube, first proposed by Dieckmann et al. in 2004, but rarely used since. We extend the idea of the speciation cube and suggest it has strong conceptual and practical advantages over a one-dimensional model. We illustrate how the speciation hypercube can be used to visualize and compare different speciation trajectories, providing new insights into the processes and mechanisms of speciation. A key strength of the speciation hypercube is that it provides a unifying framework for speciation research, as it allows questions from apparently disparate subfields to be addressed in a single conceptual model.

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20

Mooers, Arne Ø., i Dolph Schluter. "Fitting macroevolutionary models to phylogenies: an example using vertebrate body sizes". Contributions to Zoology 68, nr 1 (1998): 3–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18759866-06801001.

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How do traits change through time and with speciation? We present a simple and generally applicable method for comparing various models of the macroevolution of traits within a maximum likelihood framework. We illustrate four such models: 1) variance among species accumulates in direct proportion to time separating them (gradual model); 2) variation accumulates with the number of speciation events separating them (speciational model); 3) differences between species are unrelated to phylogenetic relatedness (pitchfork model); and 4) a free model where the trait evolves at its own idiosyncratic rate among lineages. Using species-specific body size, we compare the four models across two data sets: twenty-one clades of vertebrate species, and two clades of bird families. For the twenty-one vertebrate trees, the pitchfork model is most successful, though not significantly, and the most successful by far for the youngest clades. The speciational model seems to be preferred for older clades. For both clades of bird families, the speciational model offers the best fit to family-level body size evolution. However, the pitchfork model does much worse for one clade than for the other, suggesting a difference in the relationship between diversification and body-size evolution in the two groups. These examples highlight some possibilities afforded by this simple approach.

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21

Anderson, Sean A. S., i Jason T. Weir. "The role of divergent ecological adaptation during allopatric speciation in vertebrates". Science 378, nr 6625 (16.12.2022): 1214–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abo7719.

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After decades of debate, biologists today largely agree that most speciation events require an allopatric phase (that is, geographic separation), but the role of adaptive ecological divergence during this critical period is still unknown. Here, we show that relatively few allopatric pairs of birds, mammals, or amphibians exhibit trait differences consistent with models of divergent adaptation in each of many ecologically relevant traits. By fitting new evolutionary models to numerous sets of sister-pair trait differences, we find that speciating and recently speciated allopatric taxa seem to overwhelmingly evolve under similar rather than divergent macro–selective pressures. This contradicts the classical view of divergent adaptation as a prominent driver of the early stages of speciation and helps synthesize two historical controversies regarding the ecology and geography of species formation.

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22

Langerhans, R. Brian, i Rüdiger Riesch. "Speciation by selection: A framework for understanding ecology’s role in speciation". Current Zoology 59, nr 1 (1.02.2013): 31–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/59.1.31.

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Abstract Speciation research during the last several decades has confirmed that natural selection frequently drives the generation of new species. But how does this process generally unfold in nature? We argue that answering this question requires a clearer conceptual framework for understanding selection’s role in speciation. We present a unified framework of speciation, providing mechanistic descriptions of fundamentally distinct routes to speciation, and how these may interact during lineage splitting. Two major categories are recognized: reproductive isolation resulting from (1) responses to selection, “speciation by selection,” or (2) non-selective processes, “speciation without selection.” Speciation by selection can occur via three mechanisms: (1) similar selection, (2) divergent selection, and (3) reinforcement selection. Understanding ecology’s role in speciation requires uncovering how these three mechanisms contribute to reproductive isolation, and their relative importance compared to non-selective processes, because all three mechanisms can occur side-by-side during speciation. To accomplish this, we highlight examination of groups of organisms inhabiting replicated environmental gradients. This scenario is common in nature, and a large literature illustrates that both parallel and non-parallel responses to similar environments are widespread, and each can result in speciation. This recognition reveals four general pathways of speciation by similar or divergent selection—parallel and nonparallel responses to similar and divergent selection. Altogether, we present a more precise framework for speciation research, draw attention to some under-recognized features of speciation, emphasize the multidimensionality of speciation, reveal limitations of some previous tests and descriptions of speciation mechanisms, and point to a number of directions for future investigation.

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23

Ma, Jiao, Zhen Feng Wang, Yun Tao Gao, Qiu Xia Yang, Jin Hua Chen, Yun Long Chen i Yun Xing Xie. "BCR Speciation Analysis of Lead in Yunnan Red Soil". Advanced Materials Research 781-784 (wrzesień 2013): 2315–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.781-784.2315.

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BCR three-step extraction method was used to evaluate the speciation of lead in red soil, The result showed that the percentage of bound to carbonates, bound to Fe-Mn oxldes speciation, bound to organic matter speciation and residual speciation are 31.39%, 23.75%, 22.53% and 22.26%, respectively. The bioavailability of lead in red soil was evaluated based on BCR speciation, 77.74% of total bioavailability speciation was observed.

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24

Sites, Jack W., i Max King. "Chromosomal Speciation". Evolution 49, nr 1 (luty 1995): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2410308.

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25

Chin, Tiffany A., i Melania E. Cristescu. "Speciation inDaphnia". Molecular Ecology 30, nr 6 (marzec 2021): 1398–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mec.15824.

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26

Colvin, Andrew Z. "Peripatric speciation". WikiJournal of Science 1, nr 2 (14.08.2018): 008. http://dx.doi.org/10.15347/wjs/2018.008.

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27

Sperling, Michael, i Joanna Szpunar. "Speciation Issue". J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 26, nr 1 (2011): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c0ja90031a.

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28

Countryman, Lyn L., i Jill D. Maroo. "Special Speciation". American Biology Teacher 77, nr 2 (1.02.2015): 145–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/abt.2015.77.2.11.

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Considerable anecdotal evidence indicates that some of the most difficult concepts that both high school and undergraduate elementary-education students struggle with are those surrounding evolutionary principles, especially speciation. It’s no wonder that entry-level biology students are confused, when biologists have multiple definitions of “species.” We developed this speciation activity to provide clarity and allow students a hands-on experience with a speciation model.

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29

Wolfe, Ken. "Speciation reversal". Nature 422, nr 6927 (marzec 2003): 25–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/422025a.

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Wade, Michael J. "Infectious speciation". Nature 409, nr 6821 (luty 2001): 675–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35055648.

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31

Hansson, B. "Speciation genetics". Heredity 110, nr 5 (12.12.2012): 407–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/hdy.2012.111.

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Shapiro, B. Jesse, i Martin F. Polz. "Microbial Speciation". Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology 7, nr 10 (9.09.2015): a018143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a018143.

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Hurst, Laurence D., i Andrew Pomiankowski. "Speciation events". Nature 359, nr 6398 (październik 1992): 781. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/359781b0.

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Rundle, Howard D., i Patrik Nosil. "Ecological speciation". Ecology Letters 8, nr 3 (20.01.2005): 336–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2004.00715.x.

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Mallet, James. "Hybrid speciation". Nature 446, nr 7133 (marzec 2007): 279–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature05706.

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Verma, Krishna Kumar. "Sympatric speciation". Journal of Threatened Taxa 2, nr 4 (26.04.2010): 820–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.o2367.820-3.

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Grant, Peter R. "GEOGRAPHICAL SPECIATION". Evolution 56, nr 9 (wrzesień 2002): 1880–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0014-3820.2002.tb00206.x.

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Rieseberg, L. H., i J. H. Willis. "Plant Speciation". Science 317, nr 5840 (17.08.2007): 910–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1137729.

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Avise, John C. "Speciation (review)". Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 48, nr 2 (2005): 315–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/pbm.2005.0047.

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Schwedt, Georg. "Speciation analysis". Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 327, nr 1 (styczeń 1987): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00474516.

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Orr, H. Allen, John P. Masly i Daven C. Presgraves. "Speciation genes". Current Opinion in Genetics & Development 14, nr 6 (grudzień 2004): 675–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gde.2004.08.009.

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Bettmer, J. "Elemental speciation". Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 372, nr 1 (11.12.2001): 33–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-001-1159-9.

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Sites, Jack W. "CHROMOSOMAL SPECIATION". Evolution 49, nr 1 (luty 1995): 218–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1995.tb05974.x.

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Garagna, Silvia, Maurizio Zuccotti, Carlo Alberto Redi i Ernesto Capanna. "Trapping speciation". Nature 390, nr 6657 (listopad 1997): 241–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/36760.

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Shaw, K. L., i S. P. Mullen. "Speciation Continuum". Journal of Heredity 105, S1 (1.01.2014): 741–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esu060.

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Grant, Peter R., i B. Rosemary Grant. "Speciation undone". Nature 507, nr 7491 (marzec 2014): 178–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/507178b.

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Zahn, L. M. "Sparrow Speciation". Science 333, nr 6051 (29.09.2011): 1802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.333.6051.1802-c.

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48

Knox, J. S. "Documenting Speciation". Science 286, nr 5440 (22.10.1999): 681f—681. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.286.5440.681f.

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Hoffmann, Thorsten, i Klaus G. Heumann. "Elemental speciation". Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 404, nr 8 (25.09.2012): 2125–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-012-6411-y.

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50

Flockhart, Hilary A. "Trichinella speciation". Parasitology Today 2, nr 1 (styczeń 1986): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-4758(86)90065-7.

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