Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Spatial and temporal movements

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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Spatial and temporal movements”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 1 lutego 2022

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Spatial and temporal movements"

Maslovat, Dana, Nicola J. Hodges, Romeo Chua i Ian M. Franks. "Motor preparation of spatially and temporally defined movements: evidence from startle". Journal of Neurophysiology 106, nr 2 (sierpień 2011): 885–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00166.2011.

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Previous research has shown that the preparation of a spatially targeted movement performed at maximal speed is different from that of a temporally constrained movement ( Gottlieb et al. 1989b ). In the current study, we directly examined preparation differences in temporally vs. spatially defined movements through the use of a startling stimulus and manipulation of the task goals. Participants performed arm extension movements to one of three spatial targets (20°, 40°, 60°) and an arm extension movement of 20° at three movement speeds (slow, moderate, fast). All movements were performed in a blocked, simple reaction time paradigm, with trials involving a startling stimulus (124 dB) interspersed randomly with control trials. As predicted, spatial movements were modulated by agonist duration and timed movements were modulated by agonist rise time. The startling stimulus triggered all movements at short latencies with a compression of the kinematic and electromyogram (EMG) profile such that they were performed faster than control trials. However, temporally constrained movements showed a differential effect of movement compression on startle trials such that the slowest movement showed the greatest temporal compression. The startling stimulus also decreased the relative timing between EMG bursts more for the 20° movement when it was defined by a temporal rather than spatial goal, which we attributed to the disruption of an internal timekeeper for the timed movements. These results confirm that temporally defined movements were prepared in a different manner from spatially defined movements and provide new information pertaining to these preparation differences.

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Paramei, Galina V., Marco Bertamini, Bruce Bridgeman i Nicholas J. Wade. "Eye Movements: Spatial and Temporal Aspects". i-Perception 1, nr 2 (styczeń 2010): 31–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/i0102.

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Franz, Elizabeth A., James C. Eliassen, Richard B. Ivry i Michael S. Gazzaniga. "Dissociation of Spatial and Temporal Coupling in the Bimanual Movements of Callosotomy Patients". Psychological Science 7, nr 5 (wrzesień 1996): 306–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1996.tb00379.x.

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The neural mechanisms of limb coordination were investigated by testing callosotomy patients and normal control subjects on bimanual movements Normal subjects produced deviations in the trajectories when spatial demands for the two hands were different, despite temporal synchrony in the onset of bimanual movements Callosotomy patients did not produce spatial deviations, although their hands moved with normal temporal synchrony Normal subjects but not callosotomy patients exhibited large increases in planning and execution time for movements with different spatial demands for the two hands relative to movements with identical spatial demands for the two hands This neural dissociation indicates that spatial interference in movements results from callosal connections, whereas temporal synchrony in movement onset does not rely on the corpus callosum

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Nauert, Elliot, i Douglas J. Gillan. "Individual Measures of Time Perception Predict Performance in a Timed Reaching Task". Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 61, nr 1 (wrzesień 2017): 1380–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601829.

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In temporally-constrained reaching tasks, participants make rapid movements to a target while making their movements last a designated length of time. It has been well-established that effective target width, a measure of spatial accuracy, increases linearly with movement speed. This study sought to understand how individual differences in temporal sensitivity affect this speed-accuracy tradeoff. It was found that time sensitivity did not affect spatial components of the timed reaching task, but it was related to temporal components of the task. Ideas regarding the role of time perception in movement planning as well as differences in movement strategies for short and long target intervals are discussed.

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Cao, Rui, Wei Tu, Jinzhou Cao i Qingquan Li. "COMPARISON OF URBAN HUMAN MOVEMENTS INFERRING FROM MULTI-SOURCE SPATIAL-TEMPORAL DATA". ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B2 (8.06.2016): 471–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b2-471-2016.

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The quantification of human movements is very hard because of the sparsity of traditional data and the labour intensive of the data collecting process. Recently, much spatial-temporal data give us an opportunity to observe human movement. This research investigates the relationship of city-wide human movements inferring from two types of spatial-temporal data at traffic analysis zone (TAZ) level. The first type of human movement is inferred from long-time smart card transaction data recording the boarding actions. The second type of human movement is extracted from citywide time sequenced mobile phone data with 30 minutes interval. Travel volume, travel distance and travel time are used to measure aggregated human movements in the city. To further examine the relationship between the two types of inferred movements, the linear correlation analysis is conducted on the hourly travel volume. The obtained results show that human movements inferred from smart card data and mobile phone data have a correlation of 0.635. However, there are still some non-ignorable differences in some special areas. This research not only reveals the citywide spatial-temporal human dynamic but also benefits the understanding of the reliability of the inference of human movements with big spatial-temporal data.

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Shiomi, Kozue, Katsufumi Sato, Nobuhiro Katsumata i Ken Yoda. "Temporal and spatial determinants of route selection in homing seabirds". Behaviour 156, nr 11 (2019): 1165–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003560.

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Abstract Time of day is recognized as an important behaviour modulator of wild animals mainly via physical environmental changes such as temperature and light intensity. These temporal factors can also affect animal movements (i.e., changes of locations) and consequent distribution. However, while it is commonly observed in diverse taxa that an animal’s attendance at a specific site concentrates within a narrow time window, how time influences the route selections of traveling animals in the course of their movements through to the end point is still not well understood. In this study, we quantified temporal and spatial patterns in the homing paths of streaked shearwaters Calonectris leucomelas, which are present at the breeding colony exclusively after sunset, to investigate how time constrains their movement strategy for homing from at-sea foraging areas. We tracked the foraging trips using GPS loggers in chick-rearing seasons for five years. In addition, in one year we conducted displacement experiments, releasing birds at sea at three different times of the day (midday, sunset and night-time) to impose time constraints on homeward movements. The movement paths revealed that the time of sunset was key to their decision of timing and in route selections during homing. Most birds returning from foraging trips reached the coastal area around sunset by adjusting travel timing and directions, despite variation in foraging areas, and flew along the coastline to the breeding island. Meanwhile, most birds released offshore stopped flights around sunset and waited on the water surface for sunrise before restarting their homeward movements. Birds therefore avoid offshore traveling at night, appearing to preferentially use diurnal cues for homing at sea. This study demonstrates the importance of timing as well as geographic features for homing decisions of streaked shearwaters and confirms that both spatial and temporal cognitive abilities are well developed in seabirds.

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Donald, G. E., D. J. Miron, T. Dyall i M. G. Garner. "Temporal and spatial regional cattle farm turn-off patterns in eastern Australia". Animal Production Science 50, nr 6 (2010): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an09160.

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The introduction of the National Livestock Identification System served to provide a record of cattle movements by using an effective, electronic animal tracking system across Australia. The availability of an algorithm to simulate real-time and accurate movements of cattle is critical in the event of a major exotic disease outbreak. Such an algorithm could also be used for forecasting and formulation of policies to manage emerging disease threats. The National Livestock Identification System database will provide the basis for testing and verifying real-time and forecast cattle livestock turn-off patterns as a precursor to developing a real-time cattle movement simulation algorithm. The study demonstrated the major drivers and that real-time pasture information clearly needed to be incorporated into a movement model.

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Crawford, T. J., i H. J. Muller. "Spatial and temporal effects of spatial attention on human saccadic eye movements". Vision Research 32, nr 2 (luty 1992): 293–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0042-6989(92)90140-e.

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Haney, Justin M., Tianke Wang, Clive D’Souza, Monica L. H. Jones i Matthew P. Reed. "Spatial and Temporal Patterns in Sequential Precision Reach Movements". Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 61, nr 1 (wrzesień 2017): 929–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601714.

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Introduction: Sequential reach tasks are a common component of manual assembly jobs. These tasks typically involve manipulating a work object or material and reaching to successive target locations with different precision requirements. Ergonomics research on the control of hand movements has largely focused on tasks requiring discrete reaches (e.g., Bootsma & Van Wieringen, 1992; Hoff & Arbib, 1993; Jeannerod, 1984; Marteniuk et al., 1990). The objective of this paper was to investigate spatial and temporal effects of pulley design parameters (outer diameter and groove width) on the trajectory of the threading hand in sequential reaches with different precision requirements. Additionally, we propose a scheme to segment hand trajectories into control phases based on the fingertip trajectory speed profile. Segmenting sequential reach tasks into discrete movements between two consecutive target locations will be useful towards developing models of sequential reaching movements and performance for ergonomic analysis. Methods: Twelve right-handed adults, ages 20-26 years, participated in a laboratory experiment that required threading polyester string through a system of pulleys mounted on an acrylic work surface. Interchangeable pulleys were arranged on the perimeter of a semicircle with a radius of 46 cm at azimuths of 0°, 45°, 90°, 135°, and 180° relative to a constant origin pulley located at the center. The height of the pulleys above the floor was adjusted to place the center pulley at the participant’s standing elbow height. The thread was pulled from a spool located below the center pulley. The task involved threading the pulleys in the following sequence: origin-180°-origin-135°-origin-90°-origin-45°-origin-0°-origin. We conducted a full-factorial experiment with three pulley outer diameters (OD: 38-mm, 76-mm, and 152-mm), three groove widths (GW: 3-mm, 6-mm, and 9-mm), five pulley locations (0°, 45°, 90°, 135°, and 180°), and two threading directions (clockwise and counterclockwise), with 3 repetitions per condition. Participants were instructed to complete the task as quickly as possible while also ensuring each pulley was threaded successfully. A motion capture marker triad on the hand dorsum tracked hand motions during the task. Hand trajectories were analyzed separately for each of the 5 origin-destination pulley location pairs. Speed profiles were analyzed to identify transition points between the transport phase, where the hand is reaching from the origin to the destination location, and the pulley interaction phase, where the hand is engaged in threading the destination pulley. The start and end points of the pulley interaction phase correspond to the first and last local speed minima that occur below a threshold set at 100-mm/s above the minimum speed when the trajectory is within the region of the destination pulley. The angle ( α) and radius ( R) of the hand position, relative to the destination pulley center, were estimated at the start ( t1) and end ( t2) points of the pulley interaction phase. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to test the effects of OD, GW, pulley location, and threading direction on the time spent in the pulley interaction phase ( TPI = t2 − t1), R1, R2, α1, α2, and the difference between α1 and α2 ( αPI = α2 - α1). Results: Temporal parameters: Pulley OD ( p < 0.001), GW ( p < 0.001), location ( p = 0.002), and the threading direction x pulley location interaction (p < 0.001) had a significant effect on TPI. Larger GW corresponded to less TPI (GW: Mean±SE, 3-mm: 772±34 ms, 6-mm: 473±23 ms, 9-mm: 351±18 ms). Pulley OD of 152-mm required significantly more TPI (713±35 ms) compared to the 38-mm (449±21 ms) and 76-mm (433±21 ms) OD. The CW threading direction required significantly less TPI for the 0°, 45° and, 90° pulley locations, while CCW threading direction took more TPI for the 135° and 180° pulley locations. Spatial Parameters: The effects of OD ( p < 0.001) and pulley location ( p < 0.001) were significant for R1. Larger OD corresponded to increased R1, i.e., 38-mm OD: 76±1-mm, 76-mm OD: 87±1-mm, and 152-mm OD: 119±1-mm. Additionally, R1 increased significantly as the pulley location changed from 0°-180°. Similar trends were observed for R2 across OD and pulley location. The main effects of OD ( p < 0.001), pulley location ( p < 0.001), and threading direction ( p < 0.001) and the interaction between pulley location and threading direction ( p < 0.001) were significant for α1. Larger OD corresponded to a greater α1 (38-mm OD: 24±1°, 76-mm OD: 34±1°, 152-mm OD: 53±1°). At the 180° pulley location, α1 was significantly greater for the CCW vs. CW threading direction. At the 0°, 45° and, 90° pulley locations, α1 was greater for the CW vs. CCW threading direction. Similar trends were observed for α2 across task parameters. The main effect of pulley OD on αPI was significant ( p < 0.001) with a larger αPI for the 152-mm OD (22±1°) compared to the 38-mm OD (15±1°) and 76-mm OD (11±1°). Discussion: These results show that pulley design parameters in a sequential reach task systematically influence the spatial properties and transition timing of hand motion trajectories between phases. Narrower GW increased the precision requirement and corresponded to slower times. Participants took more time threading the larger OD. Shorter threading times occurred when participants had a direct line of sight with the pulley groove. Pulley OD influenced the radius of the hand position at the start and end of the pulley interaction phase, whereas pulley GW had no effect. The increase in R1 and R2 for pulleys located on the contralateral side compared to the lateral side was attributed to need for line of sight with the pulley groove since the hand obstructs the view of the pulley edge on the contralateral side. Conclusions: Analysis of sequential reaches needs to consider individual target locations and design parameters. Our findings also show the potential for modeling sequential reaches as a series of discrete reaches. A scheme to segment hand trajectories into control phases based on the fingertip trajectory speed profile was presented. Further investigation is necessary in sequential reach tasks with more realistic and complex work configurations observed in industrial settings.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Spatial and temporal movements"

Xia, Jianhong, i not supplied. "Modelling the spatial-temporal movement of tourists". RMIT University. Mathematical and Geospatial Sciences, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080110.161021.

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Tourism is one of the most rapidly developing industries in the world. The study of spatio-temporal movement models of tourists are undertaken in variety of disciplines such as tourism, geography, mathematics, economics and artificial intelligence. Knowledge from these different fields has been difficult to integrate because tourist movement research has been conducted at different spatial and temporal scales. This thesis establishes a methodology for modelling the spatial-temporal movement of tourists and defines the spatial-temporal movement of tourists at both the macro and micro level. At the macro level, the sequence of tourist movements is modelled and the trend for tourist movements is predicted based on Markov Chain theory (MC). Log-linear models are then adopted to test the significance of the movement patterns of tourists. Tourism market segmentation based on the significant movement patterns of tourists is implemented using the EM (Expectation-Maximisation) algorithm. At the micro level, this thesis investigates the wayfinding decision-making processes of tourists. Four wayfinding models are developed and the relationships between the roles of landmarks and wayfinding decision-making are also discussed for each type of the wayfinding processes. The transition of a tourist movement between the macro and micro levels was examined based on the spatio-temporal zooming theory. A case study of Phillip Island, Victoria, Australia is undertaken to implement and evaluate the tourist movement models established in this thesis. Two surveys were conducted on Phillip Island to collect the macro and micro level movement data of tourists. As results show particular groups of tourists travelling with the same movement patterns have unique characteristics such as age and travel behaviours such as mode of transport. Effective tour packages can be designed based on significant movement patterns and the corresponding target markets. Tourists with various age groups, residency, gender and different levels of familiarity with physical environment have different wayfinding behaviours. The results of this study have been applied to tourism management on Phillip Island and the novel methods developed in this thesis have proved to be useful in improving park facilities and services provided to tourists, in designing tour packages for tourism market promotion and in understanding tourist wayfinding behaviours.

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Trukenbrod, Hans Arne. "Temporal and spatial aspects of eye-movement control : from reading to scanning". Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2012. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2014/7020/.

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Eye movements are a powerful tool to examine cognitive processes. However, in most paradigms little is known about the dynamics present in sequences of saccades and fixations. In particular, the control of fixation durations has been widely neglected in most tasks. As a notable exception, both spatial and temporal aspects of eye-movement control have been thoroughly investigated during reading. There, the scientific discourse was dominated by three controversies, (i), the role of oculomotor vs. cognitive processing on eye-movement control, (ii) the serial vs. parallel processing of words, and, (iii), the control of fixation durations. The main purpose of this thesis was to investigate eye movements in tasks that require sequences of fixations and saccades. While reading phenomena served as a starting point, we examined eye guidance in non-reading tasks with the aim to identify general principles of eye-movement control. In addition, the investigation of eye movements in non-reading tasks helped refine our knowledge about eye-movement control during reading. Our approach included the investigation of eye movements in non-reading experiments as well as the evaluation and development of computational models. I present three main results : First, oculomotor phenomena during reading can also be observed in non-reading tasks (Chapter 2 & 4). Oculomotor processes determine the fixation position within an object. The fixation position, in turn, modulates both the next saccade target and the current fixation duration. Second, predicitions of eye-movement models based on sequential attention shifts were falsified (Chapter 3). In fact, our results suggest that distributed processing of multiple objects forms the basis of eye-movement control. Third, fixation durations are under asymmetric control (Chapter 4). While increasing processing demands immediately prolong fixation durations, decreasing processing demands reduce fixation durations only with a temporal delay. We propose a computational model ICAT to account for asymmetric control. In this model, an autonomous timer initiates saccades after random time intervals independent of ongoing processing. However, processing demands that are higher than expected inhibit the execution of the next saccade and, thereby, prolong the current fixation. On the other hand, lower processing demands will not affect the duration before the next saccade is executed. Since the autonomous timer adjusts to expected processing demands from fixation to fixation, a decrease in processing demands may lead to a temporally delayed reduction of fixation durations. In an extended version of ICAT, we evaluated its performance while simulating both temporal and spatial aspects of eye-movement control. The eye-movement phenomena investigated in this thesis have now been observed in a number of different tasks, which suggests that they represent general principles of eye guidance. I propose that distributed processing of the visual input forms the basis of eye-movement control, while fixation durations are controlled by the principles outlined in ICAT. In addition, oculomotor control contributes considerably to the variability observed in eye movements. Interpretations for the relation between eye movements and cognition strongly benefit from a precise understanding of this interplay.
Blickbewegungen stellen ein wichtiges Instrument dar, um kognitive Prozesse zu untersuchen. In den meisten Paradigmen ist allerdings wenig über die Entstehung von Sakkaden und Fixationen bekannt. Insbesondere die Kontrolle der Fixationsdauern wurde häufig außer acht gelassen. Eine wesentliche Ausnahme stellt die Leseforschung dar, in der sowohl zeitlichliche als auch räumliche Aspekte der Blickbewegungssteuerung im Detail betrachtet wurden. Dabei war der wissenschaftliche Diskurs durch drei Kontroversen gekennzeichnet, die untersuchten, (i), welchen Einfluss okulomotorische bzw. kognitive Prozesse auf die Blicksteuerung haben, (ii), ob Worte seriell oder parallel verarbeitet werden und, (iii), wie Fixationsdauern kontrolliert werden. Die vorliegende Arbeit zielt im wesentlichen darauf ab, die Dynamik von Fixationssequenzen zu erforschen. Ausgehend von den Erkenntnissen beim Lesen untersuchten wir Blickbewegungen in Nichtlese-Aufgaben, mit dem Ziel allgemeine Prinzipien der Blicksteuerung zu identifizieren. Zusätzlich versuchten wir mit Hilfe dieser Aufgaben, Erkenntnisse über Prozesse beim Lesen zu vertiefen. Unser Vorgehen war sowohl von der Durchführung von Experimenten als auch der Entwicklung und Evaluation computationaler Modelle geprägt. Die Hauptbefunde zeigten: Erstens, okulomotorische Phänomene des Lesens lassen sich in Suchaufgaben ohne Wortmaterial replizieren (Kapitel 2 & 4). Dabei bestimmen okulomotorische Prozesse die Fixationsposition innerhalb eines Objektes. Diese wiederum beeinflusst das nächste Sakkadenziel sowie die Fixationsdauer. Zweitens, wesentliche Vorhersagen von Modellen, in denen Blickbewegungen von seriellen Aufmerksamkeitsverschiebungen abhängen, konnten falsifiziert werden (Kapitel 3). Stattdessen legen unsere Erkenntnisse nahe, dass die Blicksteuerung von der parallelen Verarbeitung mehrerer Objekte abhängt. Drittens, Fixationsdauern werden asymmetrisch kontrolliert (Kapitel 4). Während hohe Verarbeitungsanforderungen Fixationsdauern unmittelbar verlängern können, führen niedrige Verarbeitungsanforderungen nur zeitlich verzögert zu einer Reduktion. Wir schlagen ein computationales Modell ICAT vor, um asymmetrische Kontrolle zu erklären. Grundlage des Modells ist ein autonomer Zeitgeber, der unabhängig von der momentanen Verarbeitung nach zufälligen Zeitintervallen Sakkaden initiiert. Unerwartet hohe Verarbeitungsanforderungen können die Initiierung der nächsten Sakkade hinauszögern, während unerwartet niedrige Verarbeitungsanforderungen den Beginn der nächsten Sakkade nicht verändern. Der Zeitgeber passt sich allerdings von Fixation zu Fixation neuen Verarbeitungsanforderungen an, so dass es zu einer zeitlich verzögerten Reduktion der Fixationsdauern kommen kann. In einer erweiterten Version des Modells überprüfen wir die Kompatibilität ICATs mit einer realistischen räumlichen Blicksteuerung. Die Ähnlichkeit von Blickbewegungsphänomenen über Aufgaben hinweg legt nahe, dass sie auf allgemeinen Prinzipien basieren. Grundlage der Blicksteuerung ist die verteilte Verarbeitung des visuellen Inputs, während die Kontrolle der Fixationsdauer auf den Prinzipien von ICAT beruht. Darüber hinaus tragen okulomotorische Phänomene wesentlich zur Variabilität der Blicksteuerung bei. Ein Verständnis dieses Zusammenspiels hilft entscheidend den Zusammenhang von Blickbewegungen und Kognitionen besser zu verstehen.

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Yasumiishi, Misa. "Spatial and temporal analysis of human movements and applications for disaster response management| Using cell phone data". Thesis, State University of New York at Buffalo, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1600848.

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This survey study examines cell phone usage data and focuses on the application of the data to disaster response management. Through the course of this study, the structure of cell phone usage data and its characteristics will be reviewed. Cell phone usage data provides us with valuable information about human movements and their activities. The uniqueness of the data is that it contains both spatial and temporal information and this information is free of fixed routes such as roads or any preset data capturing timing. In short, it is a very fluid kind of data which reflects our activities as humans with freedom of movement. Depending on data extraction methods, the data server can provide additional information such as application activities, battery level and charge activities. However, cell phone usage data contains shortcomings including data inconsistency and sparseness. Both the richness and the shortcomings of the data expose the hurdles required in data processing and force us to devise new ways to analyze this kind of data. Once the data has been properly analyzed, the findings can be applied to our real life problems including disaster response. By understanding human movement patterns using cell phone usage data, we will be able to allocate limited emergency resources more adequately. Even more, when disaster victims lose their cell phone functionality during a disaster, we might be able to identify or predict the locations of victims or evacuees and supply them with necessary assistance. The results of this study provide some insights to cell phone usage data and human movement patterns including the concentration of cell phone activities in specific zones and rather universal cell phone charging patterns. The potential of the data as a movement analysis resource and the application to disaster response is apparent. As a base to leverage the study to the next level, a possible conceptual model of human movement factors and data processing methods will be presented.

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van, Geel Catherina Francisca (Nienke). "Predator movements in complex geography : spatial distribution and temporal occurrence of low-density bottlenose dolphin communities off western Scotland". Thesis, University of the Highlands and Islands, 2016. https://pure.uhi.ac.uk/portal/en/studentthesis/predator-movements-in-complex-geography(f898982a-6509-4e73-9340-b0ad7463ae6d).html.

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The coastal waters off western Scotland are inhabited by two small under-studied common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) communities: the Inner Hebrides and the Sound of Barra (SoB) community. The region is considered for future developments for the marine renewables industry, which have the potential to negatively impact these communities; however the assessment of impacts and the development of plans to minimise these are currently hampered by a lack of knowledge about the dolphin's distribution and residency patterns, and spatial and temporal mobility. Using a variety of research methods (dedicated cetacean surveys and targeted photo-ID trips, acoustic monitoring and the collection of opportunistic photo-ID and sightings data from the general public) the current study examined local dolphin spatial and temporal mobility patterns by investigation of their spatial distribution and temporal occurrence. Collectively, the results revealed the presence of two socially and geographically separated (at least 2006-2013) resident communities which both demonstrated year-round presence and long-term site-fidelity, but maintained different ranging patterns. Long-term presence of individuals from the Inner Hebrides community dated back to 2001 and dolphins from this community ranged widely in nearshore waters throughout the entire currently known communal range, and practically used the entire range throughout the year. The SoB community, on the other hand, appeared to have a more restricted distribution, and appeared female-dominated. Summer censuses of the SoB community revealed annual estimates of ≤15 dolphins, with four individuals first identified in 1995, and at least eight calves born since 2005. Acoustic presence of dolphins in the SoB varied through the year, and in relation to the tidal and diel cycles. This study demonstrated that the integration of complementary methodological approaches is useful in investigating mobility patterns of low-density populations, and given the indications for social and spatial isolation, these communities should be managed independently.

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Levy, Manuel. "From boxes to codes : adaptation of V1 nonlinearities to the temporal encoding of spatial information during simuled eye movements". Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066238.

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Cette thèse a pour objet le rôle des nonlinéarités des cellules simples du cortex visuel primaire (V1) dans le traitement et l’encodage temporel des stimuli naturels. Les réponses neuronales enregistrées par des électrodes intra- et extra-cellulaires chez le Chat anesthésié et paralysé ont été analysées avec les outils de l’identification de système et de la théorie de l’information. Nous montrons que le recrutement des contrôles de gain au contraste et des interactions centre pourtour, en particulier par des stimuli dont la dynamique est dérivée des mouvement des yeux naturels, augmente la reproductibilité du potentiel de membrane dans les hautes fréquences ainsi que la précision temporelle et la rareté des potentiels d’action. Une inhibition de type complexe, en retard sur les entrées plus linéaires du neurone, modélise correctement nos résultats. Nous proposons que les nonlinéarités de V1 sont adaptées à l’encodage temporel d’une information spatiale de plus en plus détaillée durant le cours d’une fixation oculaire
This thesis focuses on the processing and temporal encoding of natural stimuli by simple cells of the primary visual cortex (V1). Neuronal responses were recorded by intra- and extra-cellular electrodes in the anaesthetized and paralysed Cat, and analysed with tools derived from system identification and information theory. We show that the recruitment of contrast gain controls and centre surround interactions, in particular by stimuli having natural eye movement dynamics, increases the reproducibility of the high temporal frequencies components of the membrane potential, as well as the temporal precision and sparseness of the spike output. The addition of a complex-like, feedforward, delayed inhibition to the classical LN model accounted largely for our results. Finally we propose that V1 nonlinearities are adapted to the coarse-to-fine processing and temporal encoding of spatial information during the course of an ocular fixation

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Lättman, Håkan. "Description of spatial and temporal distributions of epiphytic lichens". Licentiate thesis, Linköping University, Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-11561.

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Lichens are, in most cases, sensitive to anthropogenic factors such as air pollution, global warming, forestry and fragmentation. Two studies are included in this thesis. The first is an evaluation of the importance of old oak for the rare epiphytic lichen Cliostomum corrugatum (Ach.) Fr. This study analysed whether C. corrugatum was limited by dispersal or restricted to tree stands with an unbroken continuity or the substrate old oaks. The results provide evidence that the investigated five populations in Östergötland, Sweden, of C. corrugatum exhibit substantial gene flow, an effective dispersal and a small genetic variation between the sites. Most of the genetic variation was within the populations. Thus, C. corrugatum is more dependent of the substrate old oaks, rather than limited by dispersal. The second study investigated possible range shift of some common macrolichens, due to global warming, from 64 sites in southern Sweden comparing the two years 1986 and 2003. The centroid of three lichen species had moved a significant distance, all in a north east direction: Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl. and Vulpicida pinastri (Scop.) J.-E. Mattsson and M. J. Lai on the tree species Juniperus communis L. (50 and 151 km, respectively) and H. physodes on Pinus sylvestris L. (41 km). Considering also the non-significant cases, there is strong evidence for a prevailing NE direction of centroid movement.

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Oslender, Ulrich. "Black communities on the Columbian Pacific coast and the 'aquatic space' : a spatial approach to social movement theory". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366209.

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Knöll, Jonas [Verfasser], i Frank [Akademischer Betreuer] Bremmer. "Spatio-temporal representations during eye movements and their neuronal correlates / Jonas Knöll. Betreuer: Frank Bremmer". Marburg : Philipps-Universität Marburg, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1028072260/34.

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Nadorozny, Nicole Dorathea. "A temporal and spatial comparison of the movements of three frogs, genus Rana, among farm and forested landscapes in the Annapolis Valley, Nova Scotia". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq23697.pdf.

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Deck, Aubrey Lynn. "Spatio-temporal relationships between feral hogs and cattle with implicatons for disease transmission". Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/5884.

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It is widely recognized that livestock industries are vulnerable to intentional or accidental introductions of Foreign Animal Diseases (FADs). Combating disease is difficult because of unknown wildlife-livestock interactions. Feral hogs (Sus scrofa) could harbor and shed disease in areas used by domestic livestock such as cattle (Bos taurus). Extent of risk logically depends on spatio-temporal interactions between species. I used Global Positioning System (GPS) collars on cattle and hogs in combination with a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for detailed analysis on movement patterns of these 2 species on a ranch in southwestern Texas, USA. Motion-triggered video recorders were also utilized to determine interspecific activity patterns. I tested hypotheses that spatio-temporal distributions of domestic cattle and feral hogs on rangeland overlap and that interspecific contact occurs. If these posits are true, it is possible that introduced pathogens like foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) could be transmitted from feral hogs to cattle. Using a rate of 1 GPS fix/15 min (96 fixes/day), I found that spatial distribution of individual hogs and cattle overlapped on both the 95% and 50% kernel area use among 4 seasons. Both cows and feral hogs used Clay Flat, Clay Loam, and Rolling Hardland more so than other range sites. During Summer 2004, riparian zones were the most used feature, identified at 14% (2,760/19,365) of cattle and 70% (445/632) of hog fixes. Other than brush strips, cattle and feral hogs primarily interacted at riparian zones, fencelines, and roads. There were no direct interspecific contacts evident from GPS data, but 3 cases were recorded from video data. Indirect interspecific contacts that may be sufficient for disease transmission occurred much more frequently (GPS = 3.35 indirect contacts/day, video = cows follow hogs: 0.69 indirect contacts/day and hogs follow cows: 0.54 indirect contacts/day). Research results suggested that both species often travel along the same roads and fencelines to water and food sources, especially during extreme heat and low-precipitation conditions. This research provides basic information needed to improve models for management of FAD outbreaks in the U.S., based on specific knowledge of landscape usage and movement patterns of feral hogs and cattle.

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Książki na temat "Spatial and temporal movements"

Garam, Lajos. The influence of the spatial-temporal structure of movement on intonation during changes of position in violin playing. [Helsinki: Sibelius-Akatemia, 1990.

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Stock, Oliviero. Spatial and Temporal Reasoning. Dordrecht: Springer, 1997.

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Stock, Oliviero, red. Spatial and Temporal Reasoning. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-585-28322-7.

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Roddick, John F., i Kathleen Hornsby, red. Temporal, Spatial, and Spatio-Temporal Data Mining. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45244-3.

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Baum, Rex I. Kinematics of the Aspen Grove landslide, Ephraim Canyon, central Utah: Description and anlysis of deformational structures and of spatial and temporal patterns of movement of the landslide. Denver, CO: U.S. Geological Survey, 1994.

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Ligozat, Gérard. Qualitative spatial and temporal reasoning. London, UK: ISTE, 2011.

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Ligozat, Gérard. Qualitative Spatial and Temporal Reasoning. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118601457.

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Schneider, David C. Quantitative ecology: Spatial and temporal scaling. San Diego: Academic Press, 1994.

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Mamoulis, Nikos, Thomas Seidl, Torben Bach Pedersen, Kristian Torp i Ira Assent, red. Advances in Spatial and Temporal Databases. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02982-0.

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Peters, Gareth William, i Tomoko Matsui, red. Theoretical Aspects of Spatial-Temporal Modeling. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55336-6.

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Części książek na temat "Spatial and temporal movements"

Galton, Antony. "Space, Time, and Movement". W Spatial and Temporal Reasoning, 321–52. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-585-28322-7_10.

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Gkountouna, Olga, Dieter Pfoser, Carola Wenk i Andreas Züfle. "A Unified Framework to Predict Movement". W Advances in Spatial and Temporal Databases, 393–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64367-0_23.

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Yan, Zhixian, Nikos Giatrakos, Vangelis Katsikaros, Nikos Pelekis i Yannis Theodoridis. "SeTraStream: Semantic-Aware Trajectory Construction over Streaming Movement Data". W Advances in Spatial and Temporal Databases, 367–85. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22922-0_22.

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Katz, Oded, Einav Reuven, Yonatan Elfassi, Anner Paldor, Zohar Gvirtzman i Einat Aharonov. "Spatial and Temporal Relation of Submarine Landslides and Faults Along the Israeli Continental Slope, Eastern Mediterranean". W Submarine Mass Movements and their Consequences, 351–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20979-1_35.

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Lomakina, Olga, Lubov Podladchikova, Dmitry Shaposhnikov i Tatiana Koltunova. "Spatial and Temporal Parameters of Eye Movements During Viewing of Affective Images". W Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 127–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32554-5_17.

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Chen, Monchu, Nelson Alves i Ricardo Sol. "Combining Spatial and Temporal Information of Eye Movements in Goal-Oriented Tasks". W Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 827–30. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39062-3_62.

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Gilligan, Christopher A., David Claessen i Frank van den Bosch. "Spatial and temporal dynamics of gene movements arising from deployment of transgenic crops". W Environmental Costs and Benefits of Transgenic Crops, 143–61. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3249-8_18.

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Yan, ChunJuan. "Unsupervised Posture Modeling Based on Spatial-Temporal Movement Features". W Advanced Research on Electronic Commerce, Web Application, and Communication, 426–31. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20370-1_70.

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Davison, Adrian K., Moi Hoon Yap, Nicholas Costen, Kevin Tan, Cliff Lansley i Daniel Leightley. "Micro-Facial Movements: An Investigation on Spatio-Temporal Descriptors". W Computer Vision - ECCV 2014 Workshops, 111–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16181-5_8.

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Pearson, D. J. "Palaearctic Passerine Migrants in Kenya and Uganda: Temporal and Spatial Patterns of Their Movements". W Bird Migration, 44–59. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74542-3_4.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Spatial and temporal movements"

Yang, Ning, Xiangnan Kong, Fengjiao Wang i Philip S. Yu. "When and Where: Predicting Human Movements Based on Social Spatial-Temporal Events". W Proceedings of the 2014 SIAM International Conference on Data Mining. Philadelphia, PA: Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/1.9781611973440.59.

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Doan, Huong Giang, Hai Vu i Thanh Hai Tran. "Recognition of hand gestures from cyclic hand movements using spatial-temporal features". W SoICT 2015: The Sixth International Symposium on Information and Communication Technology. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2833258.2833301.

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Andrienko, Gennady, i Natalia Andrienko. "Spatio-temporal aggregation for visual analysis of movements". W 2008 IEEE Symposium on Visual Analytics Science and Technology (VAST). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vast.2008.4677356.

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Grüner, Tobias, Sören Frey, Jens Nahm i Dirk Reichardt. "Exploring Spatio-temporal Movements for Intelligent Mobility Services". W 6th International Conference on Vehicle Technology and Intelligent Transport Systems. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0009563801230128.

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Kamitani, Takuya, Hiroki Yoshimura, Masashi Nishiyama i Yoshio Iwai. "Identifying People Using Temporal and Spatial Changes in Local Movements Measured from Body Sway". W 2017 4th IAPR Asian Conference on Pattern Recognition (ACPR). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/acpr.2017.82.

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Tritsarolis, Andreas, Yannis Kontoulis, Nikos Pelekis i Yannis Theodoridis. "MaSEC: Discovering Anchorages and Co-movement Patterns on Streaming Vessel Trajectories". W SSTD '21: 17th International Symposium on Spatial and Temporal Databases. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3469830.3470909.

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Konuk, I., U. O. Akpan i D. P. Brennan. "Random Field Modeling of Rainfall-Induced Soil Movement". W 2002 4th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2002-27165.

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Natural oil and gas transmission pipeline networks often traverse regions where potential slow ground movements may affect pipeline structural integrity. One of the primary causes of slow ground movement in any region involves the duration, amount, and intensity of rainfall. The phenomenon of rainfall-induced slow ground movement is characterized by both spatial and temporal variability, and involves uncertainties that are best modeled using a probabilistic methodology. A random field modeling strategy is formulated in this study, in which spatial and temporal correlations between rainfall and ground movement are accounted for. The random field formulation advanced in the current study has a number of significant features and capabilities, including modeling the spatial and temporal relationship between rainfall and slope movement for specified pipeline routes, predicting the likelihood of exceeding slope movement thresholds for various precipitation levels and intensities, and providing maps of risk for slope movement, which can be used as a guide in pipeline route planning, selection, and adaptation strategies for the design and maintenance of oil and gas infrastructure. These capabilities have been implemented and encapsulated into the software tool VSLOPE, which has been tested using monthly rainfall and field data for various locations.

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Kong, Dejiang, i Fei Wu. "HST-LSTM: A Hierarchical Spatial-Temporal Long-Short Term Memory Network for Location Prediction". W Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-18}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/324.

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The widely use of positioning technology has made mining the movements of people feasible and plenty of trajectory data have been accumulated. How to efficiently leverage these data for location prediction has become an increasingly popular research topic as it is fundamental to location-based services (LBS). The existing methods often focus either on long time (days or months) visit prediction (i.e., the recommendation of point of interest) or on real time location prediction (i.e., trajectory prediction). In this paper, we are interested in the location prediction problem in a weak real time condition and aim to predict users' movement in next minutes or hours. We propose a Spatial-Temporal Long-Short Term Memory (ST-LSTM) model which naturally combines spatial-temporal influence into LSTM to mitigate the problem of data sparsity. Further, we employ a hierarchical extension of the proposed ST-LSTM (HST-LSTM) in an encoder-decoder manner which models the contextual historic visit information in order to boost the prediction performance. The proposed HST-LSTM is evaluated on a real world trajectory data set and the experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model.

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Hamanishi, Natsuki, i Jun Rekimoto. "Temporal Manipulation Interface of Motion Data for Movement Observation in a Personal Training". W SUI '20: Symposium on Spatial User Interaction. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3385959.3422696.

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Sunshine-Hill, Ben, Jan Allbeck, Nuria Pelechano i Norm Badler. "Generating plausible individual agent movements from spatio-temporal occupancy data". W the 2007 workshop. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1352922.1352924.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Spatial and temporal movements"

Gutiérrez Rodríguez, Encarnación. Entangled Migrations The Coloniality of Migration and Creolizing Conviviality. Maria Sibylla Merian International Centre for Advanced Studies in the Humanities and Social Sciences Conviviality-Inequality in Latin America, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46877/rodriguez.2021.35.

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This Working Paper discusses entangled migrations as territorially and temporally entangled onto-epistemological phenomena. As a theoretical-analytical framework, it addresses the material, epistemological and ethical premises of spatial-temporal entanglements and relationality in the understanding of migration as a modern colonial phenomenon. Entangled migrations acknowledges that local migratory movements mirror global migrations in complex ways, engaging with the analysis of historical connections, territorial entrenchments, cultural confluences, and overlapping antagonistic relations across nations and continents. Drawing on European immigration to the American continent and specifically to Brazil in the 19th century, this argument is tentatively developed by discussing two opposite moments of entangled migrations, the coloniality of migration and creolizing conviviality. To do this, the paper engages first with the theoretical framework of spatial-temporal entanglements. Second, it approaches the coloniality of migration. Finally, it briefly discusses creolizing conviviality.

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Williams, H. Chapter 2: Temporal and spatial divisions. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/205246.

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Griffiths, Hugh. Bistatic Denial Using Spatial-Temporal Coding. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, marzec 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada387730.

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Schmidt, Richard A. Controlling the Temporal Structure of Limb Movements: A Response. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, maj 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada169261.

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Swinney, H. L. Complex temporal and spatial patterns in nonequilibrium systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), wrzesień 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5053202.

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Mobley, Curtis D., i Robert A. Maffione. Spatial and Temporal Measurements of Benthic Optical Properties. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, kwiecień 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada362432.

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Maffione, Robert A. Spatial and Temporal Measurements of Benthic Optical Properties. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, sierpień 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada627748.

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Maffione, Robert A. Spatial and Temporal Measurements of Benthic Optical Properties. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, wrzesień 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada635926.

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Maffione, Robert A. Spatial and Temporal Measurements of Benthic Optical Properties. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, wrzesień 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada630455.

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McKenna, Sean Andrew, i Karen A. Gutierrez. Spatial-temporal event detection in climate parameter imagery. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), październik 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1029771.

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