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Jia, Xiaoxu, Ming'an Shao i Xiaorong Wei. "State-space prediction of soil respiration time series in temperate, semi-arid grassland in northern China". Soil Research 50, nr 4 (2012): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr12068.
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The prediction of soil respiration (Rs) has traditionally been studied using classical statistical methods. These methods do not consider temporal/spatial coordinates and assume independence between samples. The aim was to determine the primary factors influencing Rs and to develop a state-space model able to predict soil respiration. This study was conducted during one growing season, from July to October 2010, in temperate, semi-arid grassland. Data were collected for Rs, air temperature, soil surface temperature, soil temperature at a depth of 5 cm, soil moisture, air pressure, and relative humidity. Additionally, a novel autoregressive state-space method was used to simulate and predict Rs based on primary factors, and the quality of prediction was compared with the quality of prediction using classical statistics. Soil surface temperature and soil moisture were identified as primary factors affecting Rs. The state-space model that included soil surface temperature was a simple but effective model, accounting for 95% of the variation in Rs. The classical statistical models, however, represented only 39–69% of the variation in Rs. Furthermore, the quality of prediction of the state-space models was consistently much better than the quality from the classical statistical methods. State-space analysis is an effective tool for studying the temporal relationships between soil respiration and influencing factors. Additionally, the state-space method is recommended for predicting soil respiration using soil surface temperature in semi-arid grassland in northern China.
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Fiscaletti, D., i A. Sorli. "Quantum Relativity: Variable Energy Density of Quantum Vacuum as the Origin of Mass, Gravity and the Quantum Behaviour". Ukrainian Journal of Physics 63, nr 7 (2.08.2018): 623. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ujpe63.7.623.
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In Quantum Relativity, time and space are separated. Time is the numerical order of material changes, and space is the medium, in which these changes take place. Space has the origin in a three-dimensional quantum vacuum defined by fluctuations of the energy density corresponding to elementary RS (reduction state) processes of creation/annihilation of elementary quanta. Quantum Relativity provides a unifying approach to special relativity, general relativity, and quantum mechanics. Each physical object from the micro- to the macroscale can be derived from an opportune diminishing of the quantum vacuum energy density. In particular, the variable energy density of space in Quantum Relativity corresponds to the curvature of space in general relativity. In quantum theory, the behavior of each subatomic particle follows from opportune elementary RS processes of creation/annihilation of quanta guided by a quantum potential of the vacuum. Finally, the perspectives of this model regarding the view of gravity and quantum as two aspects of the same coin and the electroweak scale are analyzed.
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PENNA, T. J. P., P. M. C. de OLIVEIRA, J. J. ARENZON, R. M. C. de ALMEIDA i J. R. IGLESIAS. "CONVERGENCE TIME ON THE RS MODEL FOR NEURAL NETWORKS". International Journal of Modern Physics C 02, nr 03 (wrzesień 1991): 711–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183191000950.
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Convergence times and the corresponding dispersions have been studied numerically as parameters to measure the efficiency of neural network models. These quantities are also supposed to be related to the number of spurious states for each configuration of stored patterns. In this work we measure these quantities for a recent multineuron interaction model presenting an enhanced performance compared to other traditional schemes.
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Huang, Xiaohui, Jiabao Li, Jining Yan i Lizhe Wang. "An adaptive geographic meshing and coding method for remote sensing data". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1004, nr 1 (1.03.2022): 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1004/1/012006.
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Abstract Spatial indexing techniques, inherently data structures, are generally used in portals opened by institutions or organizations to efficiently filter RS images according to their spatial extent, thus providing researchers with fast Remote Sensing (RS) image data discovery ability. Specifically, space-based spatial indexing approaches are widely adopted to index RS images in distributed environments by mapping RS images in two-dimensional space into several one-dimensional spatial codes. However, current spatial indexing approaches still suffer from the boundary objects problem, which leads to multiple spatial codes for a boundary-crossing RS image and thus alleviates the performance of spatial indexes built on top of these spatial codes. To solve this problem, we propose an adaptive geographic meshing and coding method (AGMD) by combining the famous subdivision model GeoSOT and XZ-ordering to generate only one spatial code for RS images with different spatial widths. Then, we implement our proposed method with a unified big data programming model, (i.e., Apache Beam), to enable its execution in various distributed computing engines (e.g., MapReduce, and Apache Spark, etc.) in distributed environments. Finally, we conduct a series of experiments on real datasets, the archived Landsat metadata collection in level 2. The results show that the proposed AGMD method performs well on metrics, including the following aspects: the effectiveness of the storage overhead and the time cost are up to 359.7% and 58.02 %, respectively.
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Arendse, Nikki, Adriano Agnello i Radosław J. Wojtak. "Low-redshift measurement of the sound horizon through gravitational time-delays". Astronomy & Astrophysics 632 (grudzień 2019): A91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201935972.
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Context. The matter sound horizon can be infered from the cosmic microwave background within the Standard Model. Independent direct measurements of the sound horizon are then a probe of possible deviations from the Standard Model. Aims. We aim at measuring the sound horizon rs from low-redshift indicators, which are completely independent of CMB inference. Methods. We used the measured product H(z)rs from baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) together with supernovae Ia to constrain H(z)/H0 and time-delay lenses analysed by the H0LiCOW collaboration to anchor cosmological distances (∝ H0−1). Additionally, we investigated the influence of adding a sample of quasars with higher redshift with standardisable UV-Xray luminosity distances. We adopted polynomial expansions in H(z) or in comoving distances so that our inference was completely independent of any cosmological model on which the expansion history might be based. Our measurements are independent of Cepheids and systematics from peculiar motions to within percent-level accuracy. Results. The inferred sound horizon rs varies between (133 ± 8) Mpc and (138 ± 5) Mpc across different models. The discrepancy with CMB measurements is robust against model choice. Statistical uncertainties are comparable to systematics. Conclusions. The combination of time-delay lenses, supernovae, and BAO yields a distance ladder that is independent of cosmology (and of Cepheid calibration) and a measurement of rs that is independent of the CMB. These cosmographic measurements are then a competitive test of the Standard Model, regardless of the hypotheses on which the cosmology is based.
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Weiß, Christian H. "Regime-Switching Discrete ARMA Models for Categorical Time Series". Entropy 22, nr 4 (17.04.2020): 458. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22040458.
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For the modeling of categorical time series, both nominal or ordinal time series, an extension of the basic discrete autoregressive moving-average (ARMA) models is proposed. It uses an observation-driven regime-switching mechanism, leading to the family of RS-DARMA models. After having discussed the stochastic properties of RS-DARMA models in general, we focus on the particular case of the first-order RS-DAR model. This RS-DAR ( 1 ) model constitutes a parsimoniously parameterized type of Markov chain, which has an easy-to-interpret data-generating mechanism and may also handle negative forms of serial dependence. Approaches for model fitting are elaborated on, and they are illustrated by two real-data examples: the modeling of a nominal sequence from biology, and of an ordinal time series regarding cloudiness. For future research, one might use the RS-DAR ( 1 ) model for constructing parsimonious advanced models, and one might adapt techniques for smoother regime transitions.
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Ribeiro, Valério A. R. M., Michael F. Bode i Robert Williams. "Modelling the Late-time Hubble Space Telescope Imaging of the Outburst of the Recurrent Nova RS Ophiuchi (2006)". Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 8, S290 (sierpień 2012): 137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921312019382.
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AbstractThe nebular remnant of RS Ophiuchi was modelled using combined HST/ACS imaging and ground-based spectroscopy on day 155 after outburst as a two component bipolar expansion with a low velocity innermost hour-glass over density and a more extended high velocity dumbbell structure. The model was evolved to a much later date, day 455 after outburst, when second epoch HST images were secured. However, due to the lack of simultaneous ground-based spectroscopy the evolved model was much harder to constrain. One suggestion put forward was that the dumbbell structure expanded linearly while the inner hour-glass showed signs of deceleration. Archival data in the form of ground-based spectroscopy on day 415 were subsequently obtained. These new data suggest indeed that a non-linear expansion of the system occurred.
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Gaztañaga, Enrique. "The mass of our observable Universe". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters 521, nr 1 (14.02.2023): L59—L63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnrasl/slad015.
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ABSTRACT The standard cosmological model Lambda Cold Dark Matter (LCDM) assumes a global expanding space–time of infinite extent around us. But such idea is inconsistent with the observed cosmic acceleration unless we advocate for the existence of a mysterious dark energy (DE) or a cosmological constant (Λ). Here, we argue instead that our Universe has a very large but finite regular mass M, without the need to invoke DE or Λ. A system with a finite mass M has a finite gravitational radius rS = 2GM. When M is contained within rS, this is a black hole (BH). Nothing from inside can escape outside rS, which becomes a boundary for the inside dynamics. In the limit where there is nothing else outside, the inside corresponds then to a local isolated universe. Such boundary condition is equivalent to a Λ term: $\Lambda =3/r_\mathrm{ S}^2$. We can therefore interpret cosmic acceleration as a measurement of the gravitational radius of our Universe, rS, with a mass M ≃ 6 × 1022 M⊙. Such BH Universe is observationally very similar to the LCDM, except for the lack of the largest scale perturbations, which are bounded by rS.
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Gao, Shi-Jie, Ya-Tian Li i Tian-Wen Geng. "Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Relay Selection Algorithm in Free-Space Optical Cooperative Communications". Applied Sciences 12, nr 10 (11.05.2022): 4881. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12104881.
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Relay-aided free-space optical (FSO) communication systems have the ability of mitigating the adverse effects of link disruption by dividing a long link into several short links. In order to solve the relay selection (RS) problem in a decode and forward (DF) relay-aided FSO system, we model the relay selection scheme as a Markov decision process (MDP). Based on a dueling deep Q-network (DQN), the DQN-RS algorithm is proposed, which aims at maximizing the average capacity. Different from relevant works, the switching loss between relay nodes is considered. Thanks to the advantage of maximizing cumulative rewards by deep reinforcement learning (DRL), our simulation results demonstrate that the proposed DQN-RS algorithm outperforms the traditional greedy method.
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Lázaro, C., i M. J. Arévalo. "Time-Resolved Spectroscopy of Short Period RS CVn Systems". International Astronomical Union Colloquium 137 (1993): 392–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100018145.
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AbstractWe have initiated a programme of spectroscopic observations of RS CVn short-period group, with orbital phase resolution. The systems of this group are all eclipsing binaries with both components at the Main Sequence, and most of them have similar spectral type components. The high rotational velocities and their short orbital periods (less than 1 day) hinder the spectroscopic study of these stars. We presents the first results yielded by Hα line observations of the systems XY UMa and WY Cnc. Both systems were observed during 1991 with reasonably wide orbital phase coverage. The analysis of the spectra is made by comparison with a binary model, constructed from the observed spectra of normal stars of the same spectral type as the RS CVn system components. The model accounts for the partial contribution of each component at any orbital phase within eclipses.
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Chen, Jian Biao, Kai Zhang, Zi Jin Jiang, Li Ye Gao, Jiang Wen Xu, Jiang Tao Chen, Yun Zhao, Yan Li i Cheng Wei Wang. "Cu x S nanosheets with controllable morphology and alignment for memristor devices". Nanotechnology 33, nr 24 (25.03.2022): 245204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/ac5ca4.
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Abstract In electrochemical metallization memristor, the performance of resistive switching (RS) is influenced by the forming and fusing of conductive filaments within the dielectric layer. However, the growth of filaments, mostly, is unpredictable and uncontrollable. For this reason, to optimize ions migration paths in the dielectric layer itself in the Al/Cu x S/Cu structure, uniform Cu x S nanosheets films have been synthesized using anodization for various time spans. And the Al/Cu x S/Cu devices show a low operating voltage of less than 0.3 V and stable RS performance. At the same time, a reversible negative differential resistance (NDR) behavior is also demonstrated. And then, the mechanism of repeatable coexistence of RS effect and NDR phenomenon is investigated exhaustively. Analyses suggest that the combined physical model of space-charge limited conduction mechanism and conductive filaments bias-induced migration of Cu ions within the Cu x S dielectric layer is responsible for the RS operation, meanwhile, a Schottky barrier caused by copper vacancy at the Cu x S/Cu interface is demonstrated to explain the NDR phenomenon. This work will develop a new way to optimize the performance of non-volatile memory with multiple physical attributes in the future.
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NIITSUMA, HIROTAKA. "A NON-PARAMETRIC TRAINABLE OBJECT-DETECTION MODEL USING A CONCEPT OF RETINOTOPIC SAMPLING". International Journal of Computational Intelligence and Applications 04, nr 02 (czerwiec 2004): 115–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1469026804001185.
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A retina has a space-variant sampling mechanism and an orientation-sensitive mechanism. The space-variant sampling mechanism of the retina is called Retinotopic Sampling (RS). With these mechanisms, the object-detection is formulated as finding an appropriate coordinate transformation from a coordinate system on the input image to the retina. The appropriate coordinate transformation is found using maximum likelihood method. By using the model based on RS, we formulate a kernel function as an analytical function of the information on the input image, the position and the size of the object in the input image. Then the object-detection is realised as a gradient decent method for a discriminant function trained by Support Vector Machine (SVM). This detection mechanism realises faster detection than exploring a visual scene in raster-like fashion. The discriminant function outperforms results of SVMs using a kernel function using intensities of all pixels (based on independently published results), in face detection experiments over test images in the MIT-CBCL face database.
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Bogoyavlensky, V. I., I. V. Bogoyavlensky i T. N. Kargina. "Catastrophic gas blowout in 2020 on the Yamal Peninsula in the Arctic. Results of comprehensive analysis of aerospace RS data". Arctic: Ecology and Economy 11, nr 3 (wrzesień 2021): 362–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.25283/2223-4594-2021-3-362-374.
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The researchers carried out comprehensive study of the Bovanenkovo C17 object of a catastrophic gas blowout in 2020 based on RS data from space and using UAV. For the first time, based on the UAV data, they created a digital 3D model of a cavity in a ground ice massif, in which gas-dynamic processes developed. The dimensions of the cavity bottom are 14×61.5 m, and its height before the explosion was 25-30 m. The 3D model allows research in virtual space. According to RS data from space, the researchers have proved more than half a century of slow growth of the perennial heaving mound (PHM) C17 and established that its explosion occurred from May 28 to June 9. Based on the analysis of digital elevation models (DEM) ArcticDEM in the period of 2011-2017 they revealed an uneven growth rate of the PHM surface — on average 8 cm/year, maximum up to 20 cm/year. The scientists confirmed the formation features of gas-saturated cavities in the massifs of ground ice under the influence of endogenous processes, gas-dynamic growth of PHMs, powerful blowouts, self-ignitions and explosions of gas with the formation of giant craters. The results make it possible to reduce the risks of emergencies and catastrophic situations at the facilities of the oil and gas industry in the Arctic.
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Eder, Michael. "An approach for performance evaluation of SBS/RS with shuttle vehicles serving multiple tiers of multiple-deep storage rack". International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 110, nr 11-12 (21.09.2020): 3241–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-020-06033-y.
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Abstract This paper presents a method for determining the performance of shuttle-based storage and retrieval systems (SBS/RS) with tier-captive, single-aisle shuttles serving various numbers of tiers of multiple-deep storage. The use of this approach takes place in the design process of SBS/RS. The proposed approach considers the real operating characteristics of the shuttle and lifts. The basis of this calculation method is a continuous-time, open-queueing system with limited capacity. The cycle times of the lifts and shuttles, determined by a spatial value approach, can be used directly in the presented method with an assumed uniform distribution of storage locations and a probability-based model of storage depth. This approach is validated by a comparison with a discrete-event simulation. Finally, an example based on a system provided by a European material handling provider is presented to outline how this calculation model can be used for designing SBS/RS that fulfill predefined requirements. The result of this example is a decrease in the needed ground space with an increasing number of tiers served by each shuttle and with increasing storage depth.
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Essabane, Kamel. "Islamitische godsdienstlessen: naar een integratief pedagogisch-didactisch model". Religie & Samenleving 17, nr 3 (17.11.2022): 269–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.54195/rs.13316.
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In Flanders (Belgium) and in the Netherlands, confessional religious education (RE) as organized in publicly recognized and state-funded schools has often been criticized. The main criticisms are that confessional RE in general, and Islamic RE in particular, has an outdated pedagogy, while its content does not fit in contemporary Western society. In Flanders and in the Netherlands, many teachers of Islamic RE struggle with the question how confessional Islamic RE can, both pedagogically and with regard to content, be faithful towards the Islamic tradition and at the same time connect with contemporary Western society. In this contribution, the author argues that an integrative perspective on Islamic pedagogy, with particular attention for the rich hermeneutical tradition in Islam, could transcend this dichotomy.
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Xu, Yi, Anastasios Koidis, Xingguo Tian, Sai Xu, Xiaoyan Xu, Xiaoqun Wei, Aimin Jiang i Hongtao Lei. "Bayesian Fusion Model Enhanced Codfish Classification Using Near Infrared and Raman Spectrum". Foods 11, nr 24 (19.12.2022): 4100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11244100.
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In this study, a Bayesian-based decision fusion technique was developed for the first time to quickly and non-destructively identify codfish using near infrared (NIRS) and Raman spectroscopy (RS). NIRS and RS spectra from 320 codfish samples were collected, and separate partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) models were developed to establish the relationship between the raw data and cod identity for each spectral technique. Three decision fusion methods: decision fusion, data layer or feature layer, were tested and compared. The decision fusion model based on the Bayesian algorithm (NIRS-RS-B) was developed on the optimal discrimination features of NIRS and RS data (NIRS-RS) extracted by the PLS-DA method whereas the other fusion models followed conventional, non-Bayesian approaches. The Bayesian model showed enhanced classification metrics (92% sensitivity, 98% specificity, 98% accuracy) that were significantly superior to those demonstrated by any of other two spectroscopic methods (NIRS, RS) and the two data fusion methods (data layer fused, NIRS-RS-D, or feature layer fused, NIRS-RS-F). This novel proposed approach can provide an alternative classification for codfish and potentially other food speciation cases.
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Parab, Anuradha S., i P. N. Gore. "Development and Travel Time Analysis of Automated Storage and Retrieval System". Asian Review of Mechanical Engineering 9, nr 2 (5.11.2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/arme-2020.9.2.2483.
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Automated storage and retrieval system (AS/RS) is major automated storage method mainly used in warehouse and distribution centers. Objective of the study is to analyze expected travel time while performing storage/ travel request for randomized storage allocation and return to input-output dwell point policy. Single and Dual command cycle time expressions are verified through mathematical calculations and experimental observations.AS/RS model is prototyped with the help of Arduino Uno microcontroller board used as programmable controller system. Android interfacing makes system easy to access and control. Physical prototyping of AS/RS ensures better knowledge gain related to hardware, software and communication interfacing module.
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Lin, Yinghao, Qingjiu Tian, Baojun Qiao, Yu Wu, Xianyu Zuo, Yi Xie i Yang Lian. "A Synthetic Angle Normalization Model of Vegetation Canopy Reflectance for Geostationary Satellite Remote Sensing Data". Agriculture 12, nr 10 (10.10.2022): 1658. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12101658.
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High-frequency imaging characteristics allow a geostationary satellite (GSS) to capture the diurnal variation in vegetation canopy reflectance spectra, which is of very important practical significance for monitoring vegetation via remote sensing (RS). However, the observation angle and solar angle of high-frequency GSS RS data usually differ, and the differences in bidirectional reflectance from the reflectance spectra of the vegetation canopy are significant, which makes it necessary to normalize angles for GSS RS data. The BRDF (Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function) prototype library is effective for the angle normalization of RS data. However, its spatiotemporal applicability and error propagation are currently unclear. To resolve this problem, we herein propose a synthetic angle normalization model (SANM) for RS vegetation canopy reflectance; this model exploits the GSS imaging characteristics, whereby each pixel has a fixed observation angle. The established model references a topographic correction method for vegetation canopies based on path-length correction, solar zenith angle normalization, and the Minnaert model. It also considers the characteristics of diurnal variations in vegetation canopy reflectance spectra by setting the time window. Experiments were carried out on the eight Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) images obtained on 22 April 2015 to validate the performance of the proposed SANM. The results show that SANM significantly improves the phase-to-phase correlation of the GOCI band reflectance in the morning time window and retains the instability of vegetation canopy spectra in the noon time window. The SANM provides a preliminary solution for normalizing the angles for the GSS RS data and makes the quantitative comparison of spatiotemporal RS data possible.
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Mehta, Vishal M., Liz W. Paxton, Stefan X. Fornalski, Rick P. Csintalan i Donald C. Fithian. "Reliability of the International Knee Documentation Committee Radiographic Grading System". American Journal of Sports Medicine 35, nr 6 (czerwiec 2007): 933–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546507299742.
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Background The International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) forms are commonly used to measure outcomes after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. The knee examination portion of the IKDC forms includes a radiographic grading system to grade degenerative changes. The interrater and intrarater reliability of this radiographic grading system remain unknown. Hypothesis We hypothesize that the IKDC radiographic grading system will have acceptable interrater and intrarater reliability. Study Design Case series (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 4. Methods Radiographs of 205 ACL-reconstructed knees were obtained at 5-year follow-up. Specifically, weightbearing posteroanterior radiographs of the operative knee in 35° to 45° of flexion and a lateral radiograph in 30° of flexion were used. The radiographs were independently graded by 2 sports medicine fellowship—trained orthopaedic surgeons using the IKDC 2000 standard instructions. One surgeon graded the same radiographs 6 months apart, blinded to patient and prior IKDC grades. The percentage agreement was calculated for each of the 5 knee compartments as defined by the IKDC. Interrater reliability was evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) 2-way mixed effect model with absolute agreement. The Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient (rs) was applied to evaluate intrarater reliability. Results The interrater agreement between the 2 surgeons was 59% for the medial joint space (ICC = 0.46; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.35-0.56), 54% for the lateral joint space (ICC = 0.45; 95% CI = 0.27-0.58), 49% for the patellofemoral joint (ICC = 0.40; 95% CI = 0.26-0.52), 63% for the anterior joint space (ICC = 0.20; 95% CI = 0.05-0.34), and 44% for the posterior joint space (ICC = 0.28; 95% CI = 0.15-0.40). The intrarater agreement was 83% for the medial joint space (rs = .77, P < .001), 86% for the lateral joint space (rs = .76, P < .001), 81% for the patellofemoral joint (rs = .79, P < .001), 91% for the anterior joint space (rs = .48, P < .001), and 69% for the posterior joint space (rs = .64, P < .001). Conclusions While intrarater reliability was acceptable, interrater reliability was poor. These findings suggest that multiple raters may score the same radiographs differently using the IKDC radiographic grading system. The use of a single rater to grade all radiographs when using the IKDC radiographic grading system maximizes reliability.
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Livio, M., J. W. Truran i R. F. Webbink. "A model for the outbursts of the recurrent nova RS Ophiuchi". Astrophysical Journal 308 (wrzesień 1986): 736. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/164546.
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Eissa, N. T., V. M. Ranieri, C. Corbeil, M. Chasse, F. M. Robatto, J. Braidy i J. Milic-Emili. "Analysis of behavior of the respiratory system in ARDS patients: effects of flow, volume, and time". Journal of Applied Physiology 70, nr 6 (1.06.1991): 2719–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1991.70.6.2719.
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The effects of inspiratory flow (V) and inflation volume (delta V) on the mechanical properties of the respiratory system in eight ARDS patients were investigated using the technique of rapid airway occlusion during constant-flow inflation. We measured interrupter resistance (Rint,rs), which in humans represents airway resistance, the additional resistance (delta Rrs) due to viscoelastic pressure dissipations and time constant inequalities, and static (Est,rs) and dynamic (Edyn,rs) elastance. The results were compared with a previous study on 16 normal anesthetized paralyzed humans (D'Angelo et al. J. Appl. Physiol. 67: 2556-2564, 1989). We observed that 1) resistance and elastance were higher in ARDS patients; 2) with increasing V, Rint,rs and Est,rs did not change, delta Rrs decreased progressively, and Edyn,rs increased progressively; 3) with increasing delta V, Rint,rs decreased slightly, delta Rrs increased progressively, and Est,rs and Edyn,rs showed an initial decrease followed by a secondary increase noted only in the ARDS patients. The above findings could be explained in terms of a model incorporating a standard resistance in parallel with a standard elastance and a series spring-and-dashpot body that represents the stress adaptation units within the tissues of the respiratory system.
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Wang, Fang Nian, Shen Shen Wang, Wan Fang Che i Yun Bai. "Network Intrusion Detection Method Based on RS-LSSVM". Applied Mechanics and Materials 602-605 (sierpień 2014): 1634–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.602-605.1634.
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An intrusion detection method based on RS-LSSVM is studied in this paper. Firstly, attribute reduction algorithm based on the generalized decision table is proposed to remove the interference features and reduce the dimension of input feature space. Then the classification method based on least square support vector machine (LSSVM) is analyzed. The sample data after dimension reduction is used for LSSVM training, and the LSSVM classification model is obtained, which forms the ability of detecting unknown intrusion. Simulation results show that the proposed method can effectively remove the unnecessary features and improve the performance of network intrusion detection.
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Singh, Navjot, Varinder Pal Singh, Inderpreet Kaur i Ravi Kant Gupta. "Economic analysis of dairy and fish farming based integrated model in Punjab". Environment Conservation Journal 22, SE (8.03.2021): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2021.se.2209.
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The present study has been carried out in South-Western and Central agro climatic regions of Punjab state for studying the cost-returns and marketing pattern of dairy and fish farming based integrated model. It was observed from the study that the net returns from crop farming was ` Rs.65,852 per farm per year, whereas the net returns on per acre basis were found to be ` Rs.32,328 per acre per year. Further, the net returns from dairy farming were found to be ` Rs. 4,928 per farm per year and ` Rs.8,822 per acre per year. From fish farming, net returns were observed to be ` Rs. 2, 47, 396 per farm per annum and ` Rs.84,725 per acre per year. Total profitability of the crop-dairy-fish farming integrated model was observed to be `Rs. 4,58,176 per farm per annum, and net returns per acre from this model were ` Rs. 53,030 per year. Hence, it may be inferred that dairy and fish farming are more profitable as compared to crops and when adopted in an integrated manner along with crops, can enhance the overall profitability of the farm by efficient utilisation of farm waste products and by-products. At the same time, there is need of creating awareness among the farmers regarding the importance of dairy and fish farming based integrated models, so that they can adopt these types of models for enhancing their income levels.
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Wang, Yong, Xiuwen Wang, Xiangyang Guan i Jinjun Tang. "Multidepot Recycling Vehicle Routing Problem with Resource Sharing and Time Window Assignment". Journal of Advanced Transportation 2021 (17.05.2021): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2327504.
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This study aims to provide tactical and operational decisions in multidepot recycling logistics networks with consideration of resource sharing (RS) and time window assignment (TWA) strategies. The RS strategy contributes to efficient resource allocation and utilization among recycling centers (RCs). The TWA strategy involves assigning time windows to customers to enhance the operational efficiency of logistics networks. A biobjective mathematical model is established to minimize the total operating cost and number of vehicles for solving the multidepot recycling vehicle routing problem with RS and TWA (MRVRPRSTWA). A hybrid heuristic algorithm including 3D k-means clustering algorithm and nondominated sorting genetic algorithm- (NSGA-) II (NSGA-II) is designed. The 3D k-means clustering algorithm groups customers into clusters on the basis of their spatial and temporal distances to reduce the computational complexity in optimizing the multidepot logistics networks. In comparison with NSGA algorithm, the NSGA-II algorithm incorporates an elitist strategy, which can improve the computational speed and robustness. In this study, the performance of the NSGA-II algorithm is compared with the other two algorithms. Results show that the proposed algorithm is superior in solving MRVRPRSTWA. The proposed model and algorithm are applied to an empirical case study in Chongqing City, China, to test their applicability in real logistics operations. Four different scenarios regarding whether the RS and TWA strategies are included or not are developed to test the efficacy of the proposed methods. The results indicate that the RS and TWA strategies can optimize the recycling services and resource allocation and utilization and enhance the operational efficiency, thus promoting the sustainable development of the logistics industry.
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Hachisu, Izumi, i Mariko Kato. "A Theoretical Light-Curve Model for the 1985 Outburst of RS Ophiuchi". Astrophysical Journal 536, nr 2 (20.06.2000): L93—L96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/312736.
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FERRETTO, DIEGO. "Produção imobiliária e reestruturação intraurbana em Passo Fundo - RS". GOT - Journal of Geography and Spatial Planning, nr 21 (30.06.2021): 263–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17127/got/2021.21.011.
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This article aims to discuss the spread of horizontal condominiums and planned neighborhoods in the city of Passo Fundo - RS, in the decade of 2010. It is assumed that the new real estate products redefine the processes of socio-spatial segregation, showing the dispersion of the classes of middle and high income for peripheral areas, traditionally occupied by the low-income population. The reframing of the periphery denotes the complexification of the intra-urban socio-spatial structure, indicating the emergence of new patterns of socio-spatial segregation, superimposed on the traditional center-periphery model, constituted in the 20th century. In this context, it is argued that it is possible to recognize ongoing common processes, characterized by significant disruptions with the previous logic of production of intra-urban space.
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Zainora, A. M., M. N. Norzailawati i P. Tuminah. "A SPATIAL ANALYSIS ON GIS-HEDONIC PRICING MODEL ON THE INFLUENCE OF PUBLIC OPEN SPACE AND HOUSE PRICE IN KLANG VALLEY, MALAYSIA". ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B8 (23.06.2016): 829–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b8-829-2016.
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Presently, it is noticeable that there is a significant influence of public open space about house price, especially in many developed nations. Literature suggests the relationship between the two aspects give impact on the housing market, however not many studies undertaken in Malaysia. Thus, this research was initiated to analyse the relationship of open space and house price via the techniques of GIS-Hedonic Pricing Model. In this regards, the GIS tool indicates the pattern of the relationship between open space and house price spatially. Meanwhile, Hedonic Pricing Model demonstrates the index of the selected criteria in determining the housing price. This research is a perceptual study of 200 respondents who were the house owners of double-storey terrace houses in four townships, namely Bandar Baru Bangi, Taman Melawati, Subang Jaya and Shah Alam, in Klang Valley. The key research question is whether the relationship between open space and house price exists and the nature of its pattern and intensity. The findings indicate that there is a positive correlation between open space and house price. Correlation analysis reveals that a weak relationship (rs < 0.1) established between the variable of open space and house price (rs = 0.91, N = 200, p = 0.2). Consequently, the rate of house price change is rather small. In overall, this research has achieved its research aims and thus, offers the value added in applying the GIS-Hedonic pricing model in analysing the influence of open space to the house price in the form of spatially and textually.
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Zainora, A. M., M. N. Norzailawati i P. Tuminah. "A SPATIAL ANALYSIS ON GIS-HEDONIC PRICING MODEL ON THE INFLUENCE OF PUBLIC OPEN SPACE AND HOUSE PRICE IN KLANG VALLEY, MALAYSIA". ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B8 (23.06.2016): 829–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b8-829-2016.
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Presently, it is noticeable that there is a significant influence of public open space about house price, especially in many developed nations. Literature suggests the relationship between the two aspects give impact on the housing market, however not many studies undertaken in Malaysia. Thus, this research was initiated to analyse the relationship of open space and house price via the techniques of GIS-Hedonic Pricing Model. In this regards, the GIS tool indicates the pattern of the relationship between open space and house price spatially. Meanwhile, Hedonic Pricing Model demonstrates the index of the selected criteria in determining the housing price. This research is a perceptual study of 200 respondents who were the house owners of double-storey terrace houses in four townships, namely Bandar Baru Bangi, Taman Melawati, Subang Jaya and Shah Alam, in Klang Valley. The key research question is whether the relationship between open space and house price exists and the nature of its pattern and intensity. The findings indicate that there is a positive correlation between open space and house price. Correlation analysis reveals that a weak relationship (rs < 0.1) established between the variable of open space and house price (rs = 0.91, N = 200, p = 0.2). Consequently, the rate of house price change is rather small. In overall, this research has achieved its research aims and thus, offers the value added in applying the GIS-Hedonic pricing model in analysing the influence of open space to the house price in the form of spatially and textually.
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Wu, Chengyong, Kelong Chen, Chongyi E, Xiaoni You, Dongcai He, Liangbai Hu, Baokang Liu i in. "Improved CASA model based on satellite remote sensing data: simulating net primary productivity of Qinghai Lake basin alpine grassland". Geoscientific Model Development 15, nr 17 (13.09.2022): 6919–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-6919-2022.
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Abstract. The Carnegie–Ames–Stanford Approach (CASA) model is widely used to estimate vegetation net primary productivity (NPP) at regional scales. However, the CASA is still driven by multisource data, e.g. satellite remote sensing (RS) data, and ground observations that are time-consuming to obtain. RS data can conveniently provide real-time regional information and may replace ground observation data to drive the CASA model. We attempted to improve the CASA model in this study using the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) RS products, the GlobeLand30 RS product, and the digital elevation model data derived from radar RS. We applied it to simulate the NPP of alpine grasslands in the Qinghai Lake basin, which is located in the northeastern Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, China. The accuracy of the RS-data-driven CASA, with a mean absolute percent error (MAPE) of 22.14 % and root mean square error (RMSE) of 26.36 g C m−2 per month, was higher than that of the multisource-data-driven CASA, with a MAPE of 44.80 % and RMSE of 57.43 g C m−2 per month. The NPP simulated by the RS-data-driven CASA in July 2020 shows an average value of 108.01 ± 26.31 g C m−2 per month, which is similar to published results and comparable with the measured NPP. The results of this work indicate that simulating alpine grassland NPP with satellite RS data rather than ground observations is feasible. We may provide a workable reference for rapid simulation of grassland NPP to satisfy the requirements of accounting carbon stocks and other applications.
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Zwick, Lorenz, Pedro R. Capelo, Elisa Bortolas, Lucio Mayer i Pau Amaro-Seoane. "Improved gravitational radiation time-scales: significance for LISA and LIGO-Virgo sources". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 495, nr 2 (20.05.2020): 2321–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa1314.
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ABSTRACT We present a revised version of Peters’ time-scale for the gravitational wave (GW)-induced decay of two point masses. The new formula includes the effects of the first-order post-Newtonian perturbation and additionally provides a simple fit to account for the Newtonian self-consistent evolution of the eccentricity. The revised time-scale is found by multiplying Peters’ estimate by two factors, $R(e_0)= 8^{1-\sqrt{1-e_0}}$ and Qf(p0) = exp (2.5(rS/p0)), where e0 and p0 are the initial eccentricity and periapsis, respectively, and rS the Schwarzschild radius of the system. Their use can correct errors of a factor of 1–10 that arise from using the original Peters’ formula. We apply the revised time-scales to a set of typical sources for existing ground-based laser interferometers and for the future Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA), at the onset of their GW-driven decay. We argue that our more accurate model for the orbital evolution will affect current event- and detection-rate estimates for mergers of compact object binaries, with stronger deviations for eccentric LISA sources, such as extreme and intermediate mass-ratio inspirals. We propose the correction factors R and Qf as a simple prescription to quantify decay time-scales more accurately in future population synthesis models. We also suggest that the corrected time-scale may be used as a computationally efficient alternative to numerical integration in other applications that include the modelling of radiation reaction for eccentric sources.
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Luo, Dayou, Xingping Wen i Ping He. "Surface Soil Moisture Estimation Using a Neural Network Model in Bare Land and Vegetated Areas". Journal of Spectroscopy 2023 (4.01.2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/5887177.
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Most of the approaches to retrieve surface soil moisture (SSM) by optical and thermal infrared (TIR) spectroscopies are purposed to calculate various characteristic bands/indices and then to establish the regression relationship between them in combination with the measurement data. However, due to the combined impact of many factors, the regression relationship often shows nonlinearity. Moreover, the relationship between the single temporal image and the measured data are not transplantable in time and space, which makes it difficult to construct a more general model for the remote sensing (RS) estimation of SSM. In order to solve this problem, the back propagation (BP) neural network (NN) with an excellent nonlinear mapping ability is introduced to determine the relationship between the characteristic band/index and the measurement data. In the BPNN model, the optical and TIR RS data in different periods were taken as the input parameters, and the in situ soil moisture data were treated as the output parameter. There are 12 schemes designed to retrieve SSM. The key findings of study were as follows: (1) the BPNN model could retrieve SSM with a high accuracy that indicates the correlation coefficient between the estimated and measured soil moisture as 0.9001 and (2) the SSM retrieval model based on the BPNN can be applied to estimate the SSM with different spatial resolution values.
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Rouillard, A. P., R. F. Pinto, A. Vourlidas, A. De Groof, W. T. Thompson, A. Bemporad, S. Dolei i in. "Models and data analysis tools for the Solar Orbiter mission". Astronomy & Astrophysics 642 (30.09.2020): A2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201935305.
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Context. The Solar Orbiter spacecraft will be equipped with a wide range of remote-sensing (RS) and in situ (IS) instruments to record novel and unprecedented measurements of the solar atmosphere and the inner heliosphere. To take full advantage of these new datasets, tools and techniques must be developed to ease multi-instrument and multi-spacecraft studies. In particular the currently inaccessible low solar corona below two solar radii can only be observed remotely. Furthermore techniques must be used to retrieve coronal plasma properties in time and in three dimensional (3D) space. Solar Orbiter will run complex observation campaigns that provide interesting opportunities to maximise the likelihood of linking IS data to their source region near the Sun. Several RS instruments can be directed to specific targets situated on the solar disk just days before data acquisition. To compare IS and RS, data we must improve our understanding of how heliospheric probes magnetically connect to the solar disk. Aims. The aim of the present paper is to briefly review how the current modelling of the Sun and its atmosphere can support Solar Orbiter science. We describe the results of a community-led effort by European Space Agency’s Modelling and Data Analysis Working Group (MADAWG) to develop different models, tools, and techniques deemed necessary to test different theories for the physical processes that may occur in the solar plasma. The focus here is on the large scales and little is described with regards to kinetic processes. To exploit future IS and RS data fully, many techniques have been adapted to model the evolving 3D solar magneto-plasma from the solar interior to the solar wind. A particular focus in the paper is placed on techniques that can estimate how Solar Orbiter will connect magnetically through the complex coronal magnetic fields to various photospheric and coronal features in support of spacecraft operations and future scientific studies. Methods. Recent missions such as STEREO, provided great opportunities for RS, IS, and multi-spacecraft studies. We summarise the achievements and highlight the challenges faced during these investigations, many of which motivated the Solar Orbiter mission. We present the new tools and techniques developed by the MADAWG to support the science operations and the analysis of the data from the many instruments on Solar Orbiter. Results. This article reviews current modelling and tool developments that ease the comparison of model results with RS and IS data made available by current and upcoming missions. It also describes the modelling strategy to support the science operations and subsequent exploitation of Solar Orbiter data in order to maximise the scientific output of the mission. Conclusions. The on-going community effort presented in this paper has provided new models and tools necessary to support mission operations as well as the science exploitation of the Solar Orbiter data. The tools and techniques will no doubt evolve significantly as we refine our procedure and methodology during the first year of operations of this highly promising mission.
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Davies, Stephen, Wajiha Saeed, Muhammad Saad Moeen, Tehmina Tanveer i Aamer Irshad. "Fiscal Space for Investment in Agriculture— A Review of Taxes and Subsidies in Agriculture in Pakistan". Pakistan Development Review 55, nr 4I-II (1.12.2016): 873–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v55i4i-iipp.873-887.
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Despite agriculture’s importance in terms of its relationship to poverty and welfare of the poorest households, the government finds it increasingly difficult to find the fiscal space for budgetary allocations for agriculture and agricultural RD. We hypothesise that expansion of expenditures on agriculture is possible in the short to medium run with a combination of reallocations and new taxation. We argue that existing spending aimed towards the agriculture sector includes very large outlays on implicit subsidies that are largely unproductive. These costs include: subsidisation of gas for fertiliser plants, which approach Rs 48 billion in gas subsidies to fertiliser companies; the full costs of the infrastructure and operation and maintenance of the irrigation system, which amount to Rs 166 billion per year; and losses on wheat procurement, which have been about Rs 25 billion recently. On the taxation side, while agricultural producers are not currently liable to pay tax on income, they do however pay indirect taxes on agricultural inputs. Using a Social Accounting Matrix (SAM), we estimate agricultural producer pay about Rs 61 billion, mostly from GST taxes on fertiliser. Using a Computable General Equilibrium model, we show that agriculture could contribute further with an income tax on agricultural income. With a ―low-rate-widebase‖ income tax of 15 percent on non-poor, medium and large farms, as much as Rs 130 billion could be raised, enough to cover, for example, a sizable portion of the operation and maintenance cost of the irrigation system. JEL Classifications: D58, E16, H20, H22, H23, Q10 Keywords: Agriculture, Fiscal Policy, Subsidies, Taxation, General Equilibrium, Social Accounting Matrix, Pakistan
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Li, Wei, Wen Yi Fan, Xue Gang Mao i Lin Zhao. "Soil Erosion Research Based on RS and USLE in Great Khinggan". Advanced Materials Research 864-867 (grudzień 2013): 2799–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.864-867.2799.
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Uses 2011 years TM/ETM images classification were land uses/cover type figure, combination Great Khinggan area digital elevation model (DEM), and soil type distribution figure and research regional rainfall information, we got all factors values of space distribution in the USLE model, got soil erosion volume estimates data and soil erosion strength distribution figure based on grid cell data. Result indicate that the micro-absolute percentage of erosion throughout the study area, with increasing slope, area of erosion and erosion gradually reduce trend increases with the elevation increases, reduced erosion area after, generally good soil and water conservation in the region.
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Bunce, E. J., i S. W. H. Cowley. "A note on the ring current in Saturn’s magnetosphere: Comparison of magnetic data obtained during the Pioneer-11 and Voyager-1 and -2 fly-bys". Annales Geophysicae 21, nr 3 (31.03.2003): 661–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-21-661-2003.
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Abstract. We examine the residual (measured minus internal) magnetic field vectors observed in Saturn’s magnetosphere during the Pioneer-11 fly-by in 1979, and compare them with those observed during the Voyager-1 and -2 fly-bys in 1980 and 1981. We show for the first time that a ring current system was present within the magnetosphere during the Pioneer-11 encounter, which was qualitatively similar to those present during the Voyager fly-bys. The analysis also shows, however, that the ring current was located closer to the planet during the Pioneer-11 encounter than during the comparable Voyager-1 fly-by, reflecting the more com-pressed nature of the magnetosphere at the time. The residual field vectors have been fit using an adaptation of the current system proposed for Jupiter by Connerney et al. (1981a). A model that provides a reasonably good fit to the Pioneer-11 Saturn data extends radially between 6.5 and 12.5 RS (compared with a noon-sector magnetopause distance of 17 RS), has a north-south extent of 4 RS, and carries a total current of 9.6 MA. A corresponding model that provides a qualitatively similar fit to the Voyager data, determined previously by Connerney et al. (1983), extends radially between 8 and 15.5 RS (compared with a noon-sector magnetopause distance for Voyager-1 of 23–24 RS), has a north-south extent of 6 RS, and carries a total current of 11.5 MA.Key words. Magnetospheric physics (current systems, magnetospheric configuration and dynamics, planetary magnetospheres)
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Ho, Zih Ping. "Just-in-Time Orders Delivery Mixed Outsourcing Problem". Applied Mechanics and Materials 220-223 (listopad 2012): 246–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.220-223.246.
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In a competitive environment, service guarantees would affect customer back-off rate. On time delivery plays an important role on time-based competition. If orders cannot be delivered on time, those orders should be outsourced in order to gain a good reputation. However, if a cargoes distribution company has it own trucks, it would gain more profits if the orders were not outsourced. Thus, JIT orders delivery mixed outsourcing problem (JITMOP) is a difficult decision making problem in a cargoes distribution company. This research constructed a Mixed Integer Programming (MIP) model for maximizing operational profits of the company. The study proposed a Genetic Algorithm with Tabu (GAWT) to solve the model. For validation, the proposed approach was comparing to Random Hybrid Tabu (RHT) and Ransom Search (RS); also found GAWT outperformed RS by an average of 54%. It represented that a cargoes distribution company would gain more than 54% of profits if they schedule orders well, part of orders outsourcing to collaborative companies, and using GAWT heuristics. Future research suggests expanding this research to include more discussion if some assumptions are changed.
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Mandelker, Nir, Daisuke Nagai, Han Aung, Avishai Dekel, Yuval Birnboim i Frank C. van den Bosch. "Instability of supersonic cold streams feeding galaxies – IV. Survival of radiatively cooling streams". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 494, nr 2 (2.04.2020): 2641–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa812.
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ABSTRACT We study the effects of Kelvin–Helmholtz Instability (KHI) on the cold streams that feed massive haloes at high redshift, generalizing our earlier results to include the effects of radiative cooling and heating from a UV background, using analytic models and high resolution idealized simulations. We currently do not consider self-shielding, thermal conduction, or gravity. A key parameter in determining the fate of the streams is the ratio of the cooling time in the turbulent mixing layer which forms between the stream and the background following the onset of the instability, $t_{\rm cool,\, mix}$, to the time in which the mixing layer expands to the width of the stream in the non-radiative case, tshear. This can be converted into a critical stream radius, Rs, crit, such that $R_{\rm s}/R_{\rm s,crit}=t_{\rm shear}/t_{\rm cool,\, mix}$. If Rs < Rs, crit, the non-linear evolution proceeds similarly to the non-radiative case studied by Mandelker et al. If Rs > Rs,crit, which we find to almost always be the case for astrophysical cold streams, the stream is not disrupted by KHI. Rather, background mass cools and condenses on to the stream, and can increase the mass of cold gas by a factor of ∼3 within 10 stream sound crossing times. The mass entrainment induces thermal energy losses from the background and kinetic energy losses from the stream, which we model analytically. Roughly half of the dissipated energy is radiated away from gas with $T \lt 5\times 10^4\, {\rm K}$, suggesting much of it will be emitted in Ly α.
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Tanahashi, Norihiro, i Takahiro Tanaka. "Time-symmetric initial data of large brane-localized black hole in RS-II model". Journal of High Energy Physics 2008, nr 03 (13.03.2008): 041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1126-6708/2008/03/041.
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De Sarkar, Agnibha, Nayana A. J., Nirupam Roy, Soebur Razzaque i G. C. Anupama. "Lepto-hadronic Interpretation of 2021 RS Ophiuchi Nova Outburst". Astrophysical Journal 951, nr 1 (1.07.2023): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acd6ed.
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Abstract Very-high-energy (VHE; 100 GeV < E ≤ 100 TeV) and high-energy (HE; 100 MeV < E ≤ 100 GeV) gamma rays were observed from the symbiotic recurrent nova RS Ophiuchi (RS Oph) during its outburst in 2021 August by various observatories, such as the High Energy Stereoscopic System (HESS), Major Atmospheric Gamma Imaging Cherenkov (MAGIC), and Fermi-Large Area Telescope (LAT). The models that have been explored so far tend to favor a hadronic scenario of particle acceleration over an alternative leptonic scenario. This paper explores a time-dependent lepto-hadronic scenario to explain the emission from the RS Oph source region. We have used simultaneous low-frequency radio data observed by various observatories along with the data provided by HESS, MAGIC, and Fermi-LAT to explain the multiwavelength spectral energy distributions corresponding to 4 days after the outburst. Our results show that a lepto-hadronic interpretation of the source not only explains the observed HE-VHE gamma-ray data but the corresponding model synchrotron component is also consistent with the first 4 days of low-radio-frequency data, indicating the presence of nonthermal radio emission at the initial stage of the nova outburst. We have also calculated the expected neutrino flux from the source region and discuss the possibility of detecting neutrinos.
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Zhang, Qi, Penglin Zhang i Yao Xiao. "A Modeling and Measurement Approach for the Uncertainty of Features Extracted from Remote Sensing Images". Remote Sensing 11, nr 16 (7.08.2019): 1841. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11161841.
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The reliability of remote sensing (RS) image classification is crucial for applying RS image classification results. However, it has received minimal attention, especially the uncertainty of features extracted from RS images. The uncertainty of image features constantly accumulates, propagates, and ultimately affects the reliability and accuracy of image classification results. Thus, research on the quantitative modeling and measurement of the feature uncertainty of RS images is very necessary. To make up for the lack of research on quantitative modeling and measurement of uncertainty of image features, this study first investigates and summarizes the appearance characteristics of the feature uncertainty of RS images in geospatial and feature space domains based on the source and formation mechanisms of feature uncertainty. Then, a modeling and measurement approach for the uncertainty of image features is proposed on the basis of these characteristics. In this approach, a new Local Adaptive Multi-Feature Weighting Method based on Information Entropy and the Local Distribution Density of Points is proposed to model and measure the feature uncertainty of an image in the geospatial and feature space domains. In addition, a feature uncertainty index is also constructed to comprehensively describe and quantify the feature uncertainty, which can also be used to refine the classification map to improve its accuracy. Finally, we propose two effectiveness verification schemes in two perspectives, namely, statistical analysis and image classification, to verify the validity of the proposed approach. Experimental results on two real RS images confirm the validity of the proposed approach. Our study on the feature uncertainty of images may contribute to the development of uncertainty control methods or reliable classification schemes for RS images.
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Ramadhanis, Mareta. "UNDERSTANDING OF CONTINOUS MODEL AND DISCRETE MODEL FOR SINGLE TIME IN MULTI AUTOMATIC STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEM USING BASIC CLASS : A REVIEW". Journal of Mechanical Science and Engineering 8, nr 1 (29.03.2021): 007–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.36706/jmse.v8i1.50.
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This journal review aims to better understand the automation of control systems, especially regarding discrete and continuous data. Begin with interest in discusses storage assignment problems in automated storage and retrieval (AS / RS) systems, and more specifically class-based storage in multi-aisle AS / RS. In the first part, we develop a sustainable approach. The latter is an analytical approach based on a continuous approach of multiple discrete distributions that models the precise horizontal and vertical motion of the S / R machines in each class A, B, and C. Furthermore, the proposed model is validated by comparing it with the discrete model. For this, we have studied several configurations to compare the results given by the discrete model and the continuous model. Finally, the results obtained show that these two models are very close to each other. This is expected because the expression developed is a continuous estimate of discrete data. This journal review aims to better understand the automation of control systems, especially regarding discrete and continuous data.
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Hall, Jeffrey C., i Lawrence W. Ramsey. "Eclipse observations of RS CVn binaries. 2: A parametric model of extended matter". Astronomical Journal 107 (marzec 1994): 1149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/116927.
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Hempelmann, A., i L. Patkos. "Spot model of a peculiar brightening of the RS CVn variable SV Cam". Astronomische Nachrichten: A Journal on all Fields of Astronomy 312, nr 1 (1991): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asna.2113120106.
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D'Angelo, E., E. Calderini, G. Torri, F. M. Robatto, D. Bono i J. Milic-Emili. "Respiratory mechanics in anesthetized paralyzed humans: effects of flow, volume, and time". Journal of Applied Physiology 67, nr 6 (1.12.1989): 2556–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1989.67.6.2556.
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The effects of inspiratory flow rate and inflation volume on the resistive properties of the total respiratory system were investigated in 16 anesthetized paralyzed humans by using the technique of rapid airway occlusion during constant flow inflation. This allowed measurement of the intrinsic resistance (Rmin,rs) and of the effective additional resistance (delta Rrs) as the result of viscoelastic pressure dissipations within the pulmonary and chest wall tissues. We observed that 1) at fixed inflation volume, Rmin,rs increased linearly with increasing flow although delta Rrs decreased according to an exponential function; 2) at fixed inflation flow, Rmin,rs decreased with increasing inflation volume although there was a concomitant increase in delta Rrs. This behavior could be explained in terms of a spring-and-dashpot model incorporating 1) the standard resistance and elastance and 2) a spring-and-dashpot in parallel with standard elastance, reflecting the stress adaptation units within the thoracic tissues.
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Raharjo, Jany T., i Ronggo Sadono. "Model Tajuk Jati (Tectona Grandis L.f) dari Berbagai Famili pada Uji Keturunan Umur 9 Tahun". Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan 2, nr 2 (1.07.2008): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jik.834.
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Crown Model on Several Family of 9 years old of Teak (Tectona grandis L.f) Progeny TrialCrown plays an important role in regulating the rate of tree growth through the photosynthesis process. Furthermore it can be used to measure stand density and to determine the availability of growing space. Because of the difficulty and time consuming in direct crown measurement, the development of crown model is needed. The objectives of this study were to develop crown models of teak (Tectona grandis) of 9 years old from selected open pollinated families and to identifi) the variations of crown models among them.The study was conducted in an open pollinated progeny test located at the compartment 49a, RPH Sidowayah, BKPH Kedunggalar, KPH Ngawi. The experimental unit was family. Five families with the best average of stem diameter at breast height were selected as samples. Crown models were developed and variations of crown model were tested with analysis of variance.The crown model of teak can be divided into two sections. The upper crown representing the light crown section followed parabolic model while the under crown representing the shaded crown section followed linear model. No differences in crown model were found among families. The proposed models are:light crown section, paraboloid : Rl =1.91 * hl0.33shaded crown section, linear .. Rs = -0.75 + 0.57 hswhere Rl is light crown radius (m), hl is the height of light crown section (m), Rs is shaded crown radius (m) and hs is the height of shaded crown section (m)
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Wright, Ashley J., Jeffrey P. Walker i Valentijn R. N. Pauwels. "Identification of Hydrologic Models, Optimized Parameters, and Rainfall Inputs Consistent with In Situ Streamflow and Rainfall and Remotely Sensed Soil Moisture". Journal of Hydrometeorology 19, nr 8 (1.08.2018): 1305–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-17-0240.1.
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Abstract An increased understanding of the uncertainties present in rainfall time series can lead to improved confidence in both short- and long-term streamflow forecasts. This study presents an analysis that considers errors arising from model input data, model structure, model parameters, and model states with the objective of finding a self-consistent set that includes hydrological models, model parameters, streamflow, remotely sensed (RS) soil moisture (SM), and rainfall. This methodology can be used by hydrologists to aid model and satellite selection. Taking advantage of model input data reduction and model inversion techniques, this study uses a previously developed methodology to estimate areal rainfall time series for the study catchment of Warwick, Australia, for multiple rainfall–runoff models. RS SM observations from the Soil Moisture Ocean Salinity (SMOS) and Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) satellites were assimilated into three different rainfall–runoff models using an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF). Innovations resulting from the observed and predicted SM were analyzed for Gaussianity. The findings demonstrate that consistency between hydrological models, model parameters, streamflow, RS SM, and rainfall can be found. Joint estimation of rainfall time series and model parameters consistently improved streamflow simulations. For all models rainfall estimates are less than the observed rainfall, and rainfall estimates obtained using the Sacramento Soil Moisture Accounting (SAC-SMA) model are the most consistent with gauge-based observations. The SAC-SMA model simulates streamflow that is most consistent with observations. EnKF innovations obtained when SMOS RS SM observations were assimilated into the SAC-SMA model demonstrate consistency between SM products.
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Pereira-Cardenal, S. J., N. D. Riegels, P. A. M. Berry, R. G. Smith, A. Yakovlev, T. U. Siegfried i P. Bauer-Gottwein. "Real-time remote sensing driven river basin modelling using radar altimetry". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 7, nr 5 (25.10.2010): 8347–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-7-8347-2010.
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Abstract. Many river basins have a weak in-situ hydrometeorological monitoring infrastructure. However, water resources practitioners depend on reliable hydrological models for management purposes. Remote sensing (RS) data have been recognized as an alternative to in-situ hydrometeorological data in remote and poorly monitored areas and are increasingly used to force, calibrate, and update hydrological models. In this study, we evaluate the potential of informing a river basin model with real-time radar altimetry measurements over reservoirs. We present a lumped, conceptual, river basin water balance modelling approach based entirely on RS and reanalysis data: precipitation was obtained from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA), temperature from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast's (ECMWF) Operational Surface Analysis dataset and reference evapotranspiration was derived from temperature data. The Ensemble Kalman Filter was used to assimilate radar altimetry (ERS2 and Envisat) measurements of reservoir water levels. The modelling approach was applied to the Syr Darya River Basin, a snowmelt-dominated basin with large topographical variability, several large reservoirs and scarce hydrometeorological data that is shared between 4 countries with conflicting water management interests. The modelling approach was tested over a historical period for which in-situ reservoir water levels were available. Assimilation of radar altimetry data significantly improved the performance of the hydrological model. Without assimilation of radar altimetry data, model performance was limited, probably because of the size and complexity of the model domain, simplifications inherent in model design, and the uncertainty of RS and reanalysis data. Altimetry data assimilation reduced the mean error of the simulated reservoir water levels from 4.7 to 1.9 m, and overall model RMSE from 10.3 m to 6.7 m. Because of its easy accessibility and immediate availability, radar altimetry lends itself to being used in real-time hydrological applications. As an impartial source of information about the hydrological system that can be updated in real time, the modelling approach described here can provide useful medium-term hydrological forecasts to be used in water resources management.
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Borovinšek, Matej, Banu Y. Ekren, Aurelija Burinskienė i Tone Lerher. "MULTI-OBJECTIVE OPTIMISATION MODEL OF SHUTTLE-BASED STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEM". Transport 32, nr 2 (12.05.2016): 120–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2016.1186732.
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This paper presents a multi-objective optimisation solution procedure for the design of the Shuttle-Based Storage and Retrieval System (SBS/RS). An efficient SBS/RS design should take into account multi-objectives for optimization. In this study, we considered three objective functions in the design concept which are the minimization of average cycle time of transactions (average throughput time), amount of energy (electricity) consumption and total investment cost. By also considering the amount of energy consumption as an objective function for minimization, we aimed to contribute to an environmentally friendly design concept. During the optimization procedure, we considered seven design variables as number of aisles, number of tiers, number of columns, velocities of shuttle carriers, acceleration/deceleration of shuttle carriers, velocity of the elevators lifting tables and acceleration/deceleration of the elevators lifting tables. Due to the non-linear property of the objective function, we utilized the Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA II) genetic algorithm for facilitating the solution. Lastly, we searched Pareto optimal solutions to find out the optimum results. We believe that this study provides a useful and a flexible tool for warehouse planners and designers, while choosing a particular type of SBS/RS at the early stage of the warehouse design.
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Hami, Rihab, Sena Apeke, Pascal Redou, Laurent Gaubert, Ludwig J. Dubois, Philippe Lambin, Dimitris Visvikis i Nicolas Boussion. "Predicting the Tumour Response to Radiation by Modelling the Five Rs of Radiotherapy Using PET Images". Journal of Imaging 9, nr 6 (20.06.2023): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jimaging9060124.
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Despite the intensive use of radiotherapy in clinical practice, its effectiveness depends on several factors. Several studies showed that the tumour response to radiation differs from one patient to another. The non-uniform response of the tumour is mainly caused by multiple interactions between the tumour microenvironment and healthy cells. To understand these interactions, five major biologic concepts called the “5 Rs” have emerged. These concepts include reoxygenation, DNA damage repair, cell cycle redistribution, cellular radiosensitivity and cellular repopulation. In this study, we used a multi-scale model, which included the five Rs of radiotherapy, to predict the effects of radiation on tumour growth. In this model, the oxygen level was varied in both time and space. When radiotherapy was given, the sensitivity of cells depending on their location in the cell cycle was taken in account. This model also considered the repair of cells by giving a different probability of survival after radiation for tumour and normal cells. Here, we developed four fractionation protocol schemes. We used simulated and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with the hypoxia tracer 18F-flortanidazole (18F-HX4) images as input data of our model. In addition, tumour control probability curves were simulated. The result showed the evolution of tumours and normal cells. The increase in the cell number after radiation was seen in both normal and malignant cells, which proves that repopulation was included in this model. The proposed model predicts the tumour response to radiation and forms the basis for a more patient-specific clinical tool where related biological data will be included.
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Duan, Ya-ru, Yong-shi Hu i Peng Wu. "An Adaptive Large Neighborhood Search Heuristic for the Electric Vehicle Routing Problems with Time Windows and Recharging Strategies". Journal of Advanced Transportation 2023 (7.08.2023): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/1200526.
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This study addresses a new electric vehicle routing problem with time windows and recharging strategies (EVRPTW-RS), where two recharging policies (i.e., full or partial recharging) and three recharging technologies (i.e., normal, rapid, and ultra-rapid) are considered. For this problem, we first develop a mixed-integer linear programming model defined in a series of vertices including a depot, a series of recharging stations, and a set of customers. Due to the strong NP-hardness of EVRPTW-RS, a tailored adaptive large neighborhood search heuristic (ALNS) which contains a number of advanced efficient procedures tailored to handle the proposed problem is developed. Numerical experiments for benchmark instances generated based on the Greater Toronto Area and Ontario in Canada are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed model and ALNS. Computational results demonstrate that the ALNS is highly effective in solving EVRPTW-RS and outperforms commercial solver CPLEX. Moreover, the advantages of the proposed recharging strategies are illustrated and some recommendations are provided for stakeholders when using electric vehicles for delivery.