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Gibert, Romain. "Coopération en R&D et politiques publiques de soutien à l'innovation". Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR054/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaObserving a lack of academic consensus about R&D public supports efficaciency, we focus on public R&D funding policies by considering R&D cooperation and proximity between firms and a public research sector. In a first way, we introduce how economic literature studies incentives to promote R&D efforts. In addition, we decide to illustrate our theorotical approach through french cluster policy called « politique des pôles de compétitivité ». In a second way, we develop an original theorotical modelisation able to evaluate the efficacity of three public instruments that promote R&D efforts and innovation : promote R&D cooperation, subsidizing private R&D sector and funding to public research sector. Our theorotical results lead us to make some recommandations to the policy makers. First, we conclude to an additionality effect of public policies on R&D efforts, that means we reject all crowding-out effect of public intervention. Moreover, we show that funding a public research sector (SPU policy) leads to better performance than the policy consisting to subsidize private R&D efforts (SPR policy) but only if the level of public spillovers is strong enough. Then, about the distribution of public fundings between public and private sector (SPM policy), we conclude that the proportion allocated to private sector always increases with the level of inter-firm spillovers and with the concentration of the industry if and only if the level of inter-firm spillovers is high enough. In the opposite, this proportion allocated to private sector decreases with the level of public knowledge externalities to the private sector, due to a closer proximity between public and private bodies, regardless of whether firms cooperate or not in R&D
Haddad, Simon. "Le soutien politique et les communautés religieuses dans le Liban d'aujourd'hui". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999IEPP0026.
Pełny tekst źródłaHuault, Claire. "L'Évaluation d'un outil de politique publique de soutien à la recherche : Le cas d'une aide à la recherche pour les acteurs du secteur agro-alimentaire". Paris, Institut national d'agronomie de Paris Grignon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INAP0030.
Pełny tekst źródłaAdoum, Fatima. "L' avance sur recettes : évaluation d'une politique de soutien au cinéma français (1959-1990)". Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010633.
Pełny tekst źródłaBacar, Ahmed Ben Kassim. "L' effet des programmes de soutien au développement sur la pauvreté dans les pays en voie de développement : Cas de l'union des Comores". Perpignan, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PERP0866.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe Union of Comoros is facing as most States in sub-Saharan Africa, to economy challenges in 2004, 44. 8 percent of individuals have resources below the poverty line fc 285 144 per head per year , Especially as the vulnerability of households is a more widespread as poverty, deprivation and "sustainable" are an important component of social deficit. At the same time, monetary inequalities, which have increased between 1995 and 2004, slowed the reduction of poverty. Nevertheless, substantial progress in terms of social progress seem to have been completed during the period 1995-2004, although this diagnosis requires a great caution, given the way for the enrolment of boys, little progress in terms of child malnutrition and socio-economy consequences of malnutrition
Sander, Anne. "Les Politiques de soutien à l'innovation, une approche cognitive : le cas des Cortechs en Alsace". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2005/SANDER_Anne_2005.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaOur investigation spans two fields of study, knowledge economics and regional economics, which are both interested in innovation and which often evolve in a parallel way without necessarily completing each other. We shed new light on the concept of innovation as a process which implies an interaction between these two fields of studies while taking the following into account: - creation of knowledge and competences, which concerns firms, institutions and the territory as a whole (Territory which is defined as a Learning Region), - its cumulative character in firms, institutions and on a given territory, - its interactivity between individuals, firms, but also institutions,- its localization in cognitive communities. By analyzing innovation policies implemented in France over the last fifty years, it appeared that the Cortechs (Research Agreements for high-level technicians) proved unique in Alsace, as it integrated in its operation, the various characteristics we proposed above. However, we also observed that the Cortechs had evolved after it was launched in 1988. These positive assets were largely underlined. For some evolutions, following the results of our research, we proposed to improve the tool, a renewal device (or set up), mainly to support the training of technicians and employees of institutions, while insisting on the sharing of experience, best practices, thus in fine, the creation of knowledge and competences within cognitive communities. These communities become communities engaged in the processes of innovation of firms and public and private institutions, in a grid of networks within a territory
Pothet, Jessica. "Le soutien à la parentalité : élaboration institutionnelle, éclectisme de ses mises en oeuvre professionnelles, réception par ses publics". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAH008/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaL'auteur n'a pas fourni de résumé en anglais
Mino, Jean-Christophe. "Soins palliatifs au domicile : la médecine holistique dans ses pratiques : à partir d'une étude de trois équipes de soutien et conseil". Paris 7, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA077156.
Pełny tekst źródłaDoumax, Virginie. "La politique française de soutien au biodiesel : une approche par l'équilibre général calculable". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM1120.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe objective of this thesis is to build a computable general equilibrium model for the analysis of the public support policy to biodiesel in France. The French government has recently decided to remove the partial exemption from the excise tax on fuels that was until now the main support instrument to promote first-generation biofuels. This modification could affect the profitability of the biofuels’ and connected activities. In this context, our model aims on the one hand to quantifies the consequences of this policy change throughout the national economy; on the other hand, it assesses the impacts of an alternative support scheme based on higher taxes on conventional diesel. The study also takes into account the influence of oil price fluctuations in the analysis. The social accounting matrix (SAM) used as empirical basis is built on the 2009 reference year. It includes three production factors, and seventeen goods and activity sectors. The disaggregation of agricultural and agribusiness sectors emphasizes the whole biodiesel production chain. Energy substitution is reflected through multi-stages nested production and consumption structures. In line with recent studies, the model also specifies the role of biodiesel by-products in the livestock sector, and analyses the land use changes. Different scenarios are implemented to isolate the effects of changes in the support system. Results of simulations suggest that the 10% penetration rate targeted by the 2009 European directive by 2020 could be reached with taxes on diesel as high as on gasoline. However, recessive impacts observed in many sectors mitigate the opportunity to adopt such an alternative support policy
Sow, Mamadou Mouctar. "Politiques de soutien au revenu, Pauvreté et Inégalités de santé à la naissance: Une comparaison Bruxelles-Montréal". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2021. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/332018/3/Manuscrit.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaDoctorat en Santé Publique
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Wu, Jianjun. "Le financement des PME et le soutien des pouvoirs publics : I'établissement d'un système de garantie de crédit en Chine". Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0070.
Pełny tekst źródłaInformation asymmetry and lack of collateral are two major reasons that prevent SMEs to access credit markets. Therefore, banks ration credit to SMEs. Given that the contribution of SMEs to economic growth, job creation and innovation, we try to prove the need of public intervention in favor of SMEs' access to bank credit. We analyze the market failure and the benefits of credit guarantee agency for resolution of information asymmetry and lack of collateral. The results show that the credit guarantee system, which is at the centre of the policy of intervention, is an effective way that can solve both problems encountered by SMEs. Thus, in the context of the difficult access of Chinese SMEs to bank credit, the intervention policy in favor of their financing is implemented in China since 1999. The Chinese credit guarantee system is compared with those of other countries to assess the Chinese system. We also carry out the comparison between the performance of the public credit guarantee agency and the commercial credit guarantee agency on taking the establishment of the credit guarantee system in Chengdu as an example
Rebenaque, Olivier. "L’impact de la tarification des réseaux et des politiques de soutien sur le développement de l’autoconsommation photovoltaïque". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALE003.
Pełny tekst źródłaOver the past ten years, the public authorities have supported the photovoltaic industry to meet greenhouse gas emission reduction targets. The support policies have resulted in unprecedented development of this sector, leading to a significant reduction in production costs. This trend combined with the increase of the retail rates enabled to reach the grid parity in some European countries. Households are now encouraged to invest in a photovoltaic power plant in order to consume a part of their consumption. These households are called prosumers. The photovoltaic investment depends mainly on the grid pricing. This tariff is based mainly on the energy withdrawal from the grid. However, this kind of tariff does not reflect the costs of the electricity grid operators, which are mainly fixed in the short and medium term. The drop in revenue due to self-consumption leads to a deficit for the grid operators, which must be covered by an increase in the grid tariff. This situation leads to cross-subsidies from standard consumers to self-consumers.The objective of this thesis is to answer this problem and it consists of 4 chapters. In the first chapter, an analysis of policies supporting self-consumption was carried out for the following countries: Germany, the United Kingdom, Denmark, Spain and France. This study is based on bibliographical and documentary research to identify the strengths and weaknesses of these policies. In the second chapter, we study the indirect costs of the self-consumption development for the consumers. For this purpose, an estimate of cross-subsidies in France between 2017 and 2021 is proposed. This estimate is based on the calculation of the volumes of self-consumption aggregated at the national level by modelling the load curves of different consumers and company profiles. In Chapter 3, the current support mechanism is evaluated according to two criteria, namely the revenue generated by self-consumption and the support costs for the ratepayers. A simulation model has been developed to determine the profitability of a photovoltaic installation coupled with a battery under different grid tariffs. In chapter 4, an estimation of the profits related to the self-supply is made. A battery charge optimisation model has been developed with the objective of maximising the revenue from the consumption savings for the prosumer.The thesis shows that self-consumption support policies have neglected the indirect costs related to network pricing. It is necessary to modify the grid pricing in order, on the one hand, to limit cross-subsidies and, on the other hand, to take advantage of the benefits that self-consumption can bring to the network. Signals need to be sent in order to increase the value of self-consumption. Nevertheless, this is only possible by changing the current subsidy scheme, which does not encourage battery adoption. The results show that a premium for battery investment would limit the cross-subsidies but would limit the development of self-consumption
Doustaly, Cécile. "Le soutien public à l'art en Angleterre du XIXe siècle à la fin des années 1960 : de la démocratisation de la culture à la démocratie culturelle?" Paris 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA030151.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe aim of this thesis is to trace the evolution of the discourse and the objectives for public support in the arts and to analyse the role played by other actors such as artists, trades unions, voluntary associations, think-tanks, the local and national press and the public. The artistic fields under study are the visual and the live arts which came to be funded after 1945 by the Arts Council. The source of this intervention is studied to understand the British model which administers the arts at arm’s length. This phd shows that the origins of today’s instrumentalisation in the arts to answer other policy objectives are more wide-ranging and older than is generally assumed by academic studies which overlook the fact that the evolution was not continuous. In 1945 the Arts Council was created to carry out government’s policy at arm’s length. Democratisation of the arts wasn’t necessarily a way to offer the right to culture, it was a means to an end : education, social cohesion or control were the targets of governmental intervention. The impact of this on the type of culture that was being subsidized deserves analysis, as well as the the ideal of cultural democracy based on an inclusion of popular and amateurs arts. Most of the democratisation agenda concentrated on support for the regions. Policies, depending on the period, prioritized the artists, the public or the arts. If Jennie Lee’s new Ministry for the Arts in 1965 was a golden age in the field, expectations for cultural democracy were not satisfied. The consequences of structural reform on the autonomy of the Arts Council appears in the gradual increase of instrumentalisation and politicization
Doumax, Virginie. "La politique française de soutien au biodiesel : une approche par l'équilibre général calculable". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM1120.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe objective of this thesis is to build a computable general equilibrium model for the analysis of the public support policy to biodiesel in France. The French government has recently decided to remove the partial exemption from the excise tax on fuels that was until now the main support instrument to promote first-generation biofuels. This modification could affect the profitability of the biofuels’ and connected activities. In this context, our model aims on the one hand to quantifies the consequences of this policy change throughout the national economy; on the other hand, it assesses the impacts of an alternative support scheme based on higher taxes on conventional diesel. The study also takes into account the influence of oil price fluctuations in the analysis. The social accounting matrix (SAM) used as empirical basis is built on the 2009 reference year. It includes three production factors, and seventeen goods and activity sectors. The disaggregation of agricultural and agribusiness sectors emphasizes the whole biodiesel production chain. Energy substitution is reflected through multi-stages nested production and consumption structures. In line with recent studies, the model also specifies the role of biodiesel by-products in the livestock sector, and analyses the land use changes. Different scenarios are implemented to isolate the effects of changes in the support system. Results of simulations suggest that the 10% penetration rate targeted by the 2009 European directive by 2020 could be reached with taxes on diesel as high as on gasoline. However, recessive impacts observed in many sectors mitigate the opportunity to adopt such an alternative support policy
Avril, Sophie. "A multidisciplinary approach to the introduction of the solar photovoltaic technologies in the energy mix". Thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ECAP0057.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe energetic issue is on the top of the political agenda in many countries, for environmental reasons, for its driving role in all the economic sectors, as well as for the energetic independency concerns. This problematic is stressed by the increasing weight of renewable intermittent power sources in the global energy mix. In particular, due to its high potential and the strong national policy support it beneficiated, solar photovoltaic energy is now a key player in the world energy mutation, and the way it is integrated into the global mix should be carefully performed. To deeply understand the way solar energy can penetrate and transform the forthcoming energy framework, we adopted a three-level strategy with an multidisciplinary approach to provide some answers to the following questions: i/ how can we situate the photovoltaic power role in future energy mixes?; ii/ due to its main drawback, intermittency, could we provide an optimal design of a system combining storage devices?; iii/ what is the efficiency of the incentive policies that are or have been implemented to accelerate its deployment?That is why, in a first chapter, the peculiar position of the solar photovoltaic energy in the energy mix is analyzed. After recalling the general issue of future global energetic mixes, we propose a brief description of the different photovoltaic technologies and their promising evolutions in terms of technical improvements and cost reductions. Then, we describe the fast growing photovoltaic market and its consequences both on the electricity mix and the industry sector.In the second chapter we investigate the issue of integrating such an intermittent energy in the electricity mix, by developing a multicriteria evaluation methodology and a multicriteria under constraint optimization tool which simulates a system composed of photovoltaic panels and storage devices. Applications on a real case in the Cirque de Mafate (L’île de la Réunion, France) are presented to illustrate the interest of our method.Finally, in chapter three, we question the efficiency of different public support policies to the photovoltaic technologies in the most relevant countries. We focus on correlating the installed power capacity with the spent public money and the electricity prices
Shirizadeh, Ghezeljeh Behrang. "Reaching carbon neutrality in France by 2050 : optimal choice of energy sources, carriers and storage options". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021EHES0013.
Pełny tekst źródłaTo stay in line with 1.5°C of global warming, the French government has adopted the target of net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. The main greenhouse gas being carbon dioxide, and the majority of its emissions being due to energy combustion, this dissertation focuses on reaching carbon-neutrality in French energy-related CO2 emissions by 2050. This thesis dissertation aims to study the relative role of different low-carbon mitigation options in the energy sector in reaching carbon-neutrality. More precisely, this thesis first studies the French power sector, first in a fully renewable power system, and second in a power system containing other mitigation options i.e. nuclear energy and carbon capture and storage. I study the impact of uncertainties related to cost development of renewables and storage options and address the robustness of a fully renewable power system to cost uncertainties. Later, adding other low-carbon mitigation options in the power sector, I analyze the relative role of different low-carbon options. Similarly, to incentivize the investments in variable renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power, I study the investment risk related to the price and volume volatility of renewable electricity technologies, and the performance of different public policy support schemes. The analysis in this thesis goes beyond the electricity system and it also considers the whole energy system in the presence of sector-coupling. During this thesis, I have developed a family of models optimizing dispatch and investment to answer different questions regarding the French energy transition. These models minimize the cost of the considered system (electricity system or the whole energy system) by satisfying the supply/demand equilibrium at each hour over at least one year, respecting the main technical and operational, resource related and land-use constraints. Thus, both short-term and long-term variability of renewable energy sources are taken into account. Using these models, I address the questions raised above. These models are not used to find a single optimal solution, but several optimal solutions depending on different weather, cost, energy demand and technology availability scenarios. Therefore, the importance of robustness to the uncertainties is at the center of the used methodology beside optimality. The findings of my thesis show that renewable energy supply sources are the main enablers of reaching carbon neutrality in a cost-effective way, no matter the considered energy system; either only electricity or the whole energy system. While the elimination of nuclear power barely increases the cost of a carbon-neutral energy system, the elimination of renewables is associated with high inefficiencies both from the cost and emission points of view. In fact, if renewable gas is not available, even a social cost of carbon of €500/tCO2 will not be enough to reach carbon-neutrality. This is partially due to the negative emissions that it can provide once combined with carbon capture and storage, and partially due to the cost-optimality of renewable gas-fired internal combustion engines in reaching carbon-neutrality in the transport sector. This dissertation has several important policy-related messages; however, the central one is that reaching carbon-neutrality for the lowest cost requires a highly renewable energy system. Therefore, if we are to prioritize investment in low-carbon options, renewable gas and electricity technologies are of the highest importance
Zaitseva, Valériia. "Le harcèlement moral en milieu professionnel : le cas du service public hospitalier ukrainien". Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF10491/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe main objective of this doctoral thesis is to clarify the existing relations between organisational factors and mobbing in the Ukrainian public sector so to formulate the prevention measures of psychological harassment in the organisational area. To the best of my knowledge, this is the first research that shed light into the psychological harassment as well as on its factors in Ukraine, where the legislation to that matter is inexistent. This thesis has also the ambition to test the impact of individual characteristics of the victim with psychological harassment. To that end, we conducted a research in three steps. Firstly, an analysis of 450 articles has been realised. The aim of that step was to grasp the main organisation factors that influence psychological harassment in a company environment using a precise definition: a minimal harassment length of at least 6 months and a notion of repeatability of the act weekly or monthly. It appeared that five types of factors contribute to the explanation of psychological harassment, namely: work organisation, leadership, the organisational culture and social climate, the compensation and benefit system and organisation changes. Secondly, we led a qualitative exploratory research aiming to refine the results of the literature review with elements that are specific to the Ukrainian area. Twelve semi-structured interviews have been conducted with medical specialists working in obstetrics hospitals located in Kharkiv (Ukraine). The goal of this step resulted in the construction of the research model. Finally, a confirmatory quantitative study helped us to test statistically correlations between fourteen organisational factors and three dimensions of mobbing. Mobbing has been measured through a behavioural method (NAQ, Einarsen et al., 1994). In order to measure the organisation variables, we structured our own survey by inspiring us from several measuring scales tested and validated in previous studies. The transcultural validation steps of one survey of Vallerand (1989) have been applied. Through this quantitative research, 243 participants have been surveyed. Among those, 35% are regular harassment victims during 6 months preceding the research. The analysis brings out that the fact of being a man increases the likelihood of being harassed. When it comes to organisational factors, it turns out that role conflict, work conflict, social support and decision authority are all major determinants in moral harassment in the Ukrainian context
Mathieu, Ilinca. "La question du sens de l'action dans les opérations extérieures : décision politique, soutien public et motivation militaire dans le cadre de la participation française à la FIAS et à la FINUL renforcée". Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CLF10452.
Pełny tekst źródłaMany studies have determined that democracies perform better in war. Through our analysis of the relationship that links the pillars of today’s clasewitzian trinity – political leaders, people and soldiers – our study seeks to highlight the importance, to this regard, of defining the « meaning of the action ». In spite of a complex conceptualization, this object can be apprehended by analyzing the interactions of the three pillars, within the frame of a military intervention abroad. This interactional dynamic’s origin lies in the meaning given by the political discourse to the decision to use force. This political meaning leans on national interests (as perceived by policymakers), but also on public preferences (as perceived by policymakers), due to democratic constraint. Public support appears essential to underpin the political will during a conflict, but it also affects soldiers’ morale in the field. Secondly, our study thus seeks to analyse the components of the meaning given by soldiers to their mission,in order to determine to what extent an uncleared or blurred political meaning might affect public support and ultimately provoke a loss of meaning among the military. This multiscale approach aims to answer to the ultimate question of knowing why are we fighting, by deepening two case studies : the French Army contribution to ISAF (in Afghanistan) and UNIFIL II (in Lebanon). It can more broadly come within the framework of previous researchs studying strategic and battlefield effectiveness, by underlying that democracies might have a weakness in this regard
Vernet, Guillaume. "Aux origines d’un discours critique : la « tradition de la qualité » et la « qualité française » : la bataille de la qualité ou la mise en place du soutien de l’État aux films de qualité en France (1944-1953)". Thesis, Rennes 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN20010.
Pełny tekst źródłaOur knowledge of French cinema from after the Second World War was built from the historical category of « qualité », the so-called « tradition de la qualité » and « qualité française ». Nevertheless, one can consider the latter as an obstacle to the historical knowledge of cinema from this period. Indeed, this category is not neutral because it results from the speeches of the « jeunes Turcs », who used it to oppose this cinema. Rather than abandoning it, it is best to reveal its meaning by questioning its origins and presenting the famous critical speech which constitute it, the « qualité » versus the « cinéma d’auteurs », within a vast discursive battle engaged since the French Liberation by the actors of the French cinema, about the support of the French State for quality films. This thesis intends to analyse this battle of quality, or the progressive implementation through speeches between 1944 and 1953 of the political model, nowadays, indissociable from Frenchcinema
Escafré-Dublet, Angéline. "État, culture, immigration : la dimension culturelle des politiques françaises d'immigration, 1958-1991". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008IEPP0027.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn this dissertation, the author examines how the French state responded to the cultural diversity of successive waves of immigration. The investigation begins with the Algerian War, and the creation of a Social Action Fund, and ends in the 1990s with an analysis of the development of the French model of integration. The author argues that the state’s recognition of growing cultural diversity evolved over time. In the 1960s, the government advocated the cultural assimilation of its immigrants, while in the 1970s, it encouraged them to maintain links with their culture of origin in view of facilitating their return to their respective homelands. When it became clear, however, in the 1980s, that immigrants in France would in fact remain permanently, the state adopted integration policies. Examining the cultural dimensions of immigration policy, allows the author to highlight aspects of the history of immigration in France that have not yet been fully explored. For example, the dissertation includes both an analysis of how immigrant culture was perceived and organised according to countries of origin, as well as a comparison with how immigration policy has treated cultural issues in the United States. The author also examines how community leaders and administrative officials sometimes worked together and sometimes came into conflict over such issues as the organisation of cultural festivals and the programming of immigrant-aimed television broadcasts. Lastly, on a more symbolic level, the author examines the extent to which immigrant culture was able to find expression in national, state-sponsored, French culture
Gauthier, Pascale. "Les Espagnols à Paris et le Service social d'Aide aux émigrants de 1945 aux années 1980 : le parcours des "Esparisiens" dans la capitale". Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0081.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe study of 695 personal files, drawn up by the social workers of the S. S. A. E (. Social Services of Assistance to Emigrants) between 1945 and the 1980s and concerning the Spanish community makes it possible to recreate the life of 1868 people who lived in Paris over that period. Migration and social policies become apparent. The description of these individual developments helps us to understand the integration of the Spanish emigrants, the hardships they encountered and the success they achieved. Work, housing and family life have been the first stages of this adaptation. Other sources complete the analysis of the integration of the Spanish community as a whole living in Paris through their political, trade union and cultural life as they opened up to the Parisians. The latter have learnt to acknowledge and to appreciate them
Ndayirata, Serge. "L’influence des perceptions des pratiques de GRH et des facteurs de contexte organisationnel sur la fidélité des employés : cas des médecins du secteur public au Burundi". Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MON30044/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn the context of the human resources for health crisis, the development of healthcare professionals’ loyalty is an important challenge for healthcare organizations in the Sub-Saharan African Region. To overcome the crisis, the existing researches have suggested the relevance of focusing on and developing adequate HR policies (Lucas, 2005). Thus, our study examines the influence that HRM practices perceptions and the organizational context’s factors might have on employees’ loyalty toward their organization. The social exchange theory (Blau, 1964) was mobilized and two studies were undertaken. First, 27 semi-structured interview were conducted in the qualitative phase and data were analyzed using NVIVO 11 software. A questionnaire was then designed and filled in by a sample of 225 physicians; data were analyzed using SPSS 23 and AMOS 23 software. The main results reveal firstly, the existence of the direct positive effects of HRM practices on the perceived organizational support (POS) and on the perceived procedural justice, both affect positively the affective commitment and negatively the voluntary leaving intention. It can be concluded that the physician’s individual performance is neither associated with their perceived organizational support (POS) nor with their perceived procedural justice, at the other hand. The respondents indicate that internal organizational context’s factors (the satisfaction towards the hospital’s work equipment, the satisfaction towards the physical working environment) influence positively the perceived organizational support (1), are associated to their affective commitment and their voluntary leaving intention (2) and that the external context’s factors (the satisfaction towards the healthcare access of the population visiting public hospitals and the physicians’ satisfaction towards the socioeconomic living conditions) are associated to the voluntary leaving intention of the doctors (3). Finally, the tests of the indirect effects based on bootstrap analysis (Preacher & Hayes, 2008; Hayes, 2013) reveal that the effects the career management practices have on the affective commitment are mediated by the POS as well as by the perceived procedural justice (1) whereas the POS mediates the effects the reward practices and the internal organizational context’s factors have on the affective commitment and the voluntary leaving intention (2)
Ait, Belhoucine Mariam. "Evaluation des partenariats public-privé appliqués à la production cinématographique au Maroc entre 2004 et 2013". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCA048/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaSince 2004, the Moroccan government launched public-private partnerships (PPP) to increase the number of film productions, and leverage up the corresponding budgets in the aim for higher film and media quality. Ten years later, the number of films produced has increased, yet the gross income has dropped down, along with the number of movie theaters. In regard to the listed outcomes, reviewing the projects selected to benefit from state financial support, as well as the film release campaigns, and consequently the work of the Moroccan Cinematographic Center (CCM), the state Agency in charge of the selection and financial support of film projects, became an urgent necessity. The present thesis aims to evaluate the films produced in partnership with the State, based on a SWOT analysis method.The commission in charge of the film selection for the PPP support is renewed every two years. The ministry of communication and culture based on different criteria appoints this commission’s members. Among these criteria are the political and ideological beliefs, which indirectly influence the choice of the theme and the movie project to pick and put up front for the PPP sponsorship program.A summary of the two years' period SWOT analysis for the selected films helps evaluate the commission’s work. A more in depth study over the past ten years, yields a synthesis of the SWOT results for each of the movie projects reviewed. This synthesis allowed questioning the criteria, and the process of selection used by the CCM and thus the quality of its work. The present thesis will consequently, investigate the effectiveness of this state agency and highlight the corrective actions implemented by the state to remediate to the actual situation, then conclude with the results of these actions.Evaluating the Strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities of each and every film project as whole will certainly enable a better organization of the state funding, and thus help future productions success, making the funding purpose come true. Based on the study of several successful models in different countries, this thesis, suggests a new strategy to restructure the film support fund in Morocco, in order for a better commercial outcome of the film industry in Morocco
Dezetter, Anne. "Analyses épidémiologiques et socioéconomiques de la situation des psychothérapies en France, en vue de propositions sur les politiques de remboursement des psychothérapies". Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00676243.
Pełny tekst źródłaBendaoud, Maroine. "L’État-providence soutient qui et comment? Le logement des ménages à revenu modeste dans trois provinces canadiennes, 1975-2015". Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19004.
Pełny tekst źródłaAlthough understudied, low-income housing policy in Canadian provinces have experienced fundamental shifts since the welfare state’s expansion during the post-war era. These shifts relate to who benefits from public monies and how these are spent. Such changes raise important questions for our understanding of the welfare state. This dissertation examines the policy similarity of low-income housing policy in British Columbia, Alberta and Quebec. The resemblance is particularly interesting after the federal government’s disengagement from the low-income housing domain in the mid-1990s. The policy similarity focuses around three fundamental shifts: 1) targeting of vulnerable citizens; 2) construction of new social/affordable housing units through third sector providers rather than government-owned public housing projects; 3) stronger use of private market instruments (housing allowance and rent supplement). How and why did the provinces decide to design similar housing policies? Yet the three provinces are known to have different approaches with regard to social policy. Starting with empirical material collected in archives and through interviews with policy elites, the analysis demonstrates that the three fundamental shifts in each province result from the interaction of two processes. The most important one is the puzzling process with its two learning mechanisms (social and instrumental). They can help us to understand that in a context of cost-containment, decision-makers have made the difficult choice to target the most vulnerable citizens following an equity principle, and to move away from the traditional public housing model for efficiency reasons. Public administrators in the three provinces have mostly financed non-profit housing owned by non-profit groups in the third sector and supported private market instruments. However, the puzzling process meets with the path dependence process and its two mechanisms (policy feedback and increasing returns) in the decision-making phase. Both of these mechanisms are useful to understand why subsidies to third sector groups and the use of housing allowances as well as rent supplements, which have started before the federal withdrawal, were pursued. Therefore the fundamental shifts with regard to policy instruments exhibit a certain form of continuity. In addition to the empirical contribution resulting from the study of three major provinces from the 1970s to the 2010s, the thesis develops an analytical framework around policy learning and the permanent search for the best use of scarce resources. This mechanismic framework furthers our understanding of government decision-making, between innovation and continuity forces, with the objective to maximize social welfare at the lowest possible cost for government. Based on welfare economics premises, this analytical framework relies on traditional cost-benefit evaluation seeking efficiency, but also integrates the normative aspect of equity.
Guertin-Armstrong, Simon. "L’analyse économique des changements climatiques : débat expert, couverture médiatique et influence sur l’opinion publique". Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/21779.
Pełny tekst źródłaBussières, McNicoll Fannie. "L’impact de l’utilisation d’un budget de référence sur le niveau de générosité du soutien financier minimal dans les pays de l’OCDE". Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19184.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn the last two decades, many academics have studied factors that have an impact on the generosity level of minimum income protection in OECD countries. Studies have shown, for example, that benefit generosity was positively linked with high GDP, a high level of centralisation of social assistance schemes, and the presence of universal social insurance programs. Likewise, in recent years, academics have shown a rising interest about the budgetary approach based on beneficiaries’ needs as a mean of determining the minimum social assistance benefit level. However, no important study has verified if the use of reference budgets for determining and adjusting social assistance benefits was correlated with a high or low benefits level. This correlation is what this paper attempts to ascertain. The main conclusion of this research is that the simple use of reference budgets is not directly linked with a high level of benefit generosity. However, if a state uses a budgetary model that allows to achieve a decent and reasonable standard of living, it is very probable that the generosity of assistance to the able-bodied poor will be high. The case of Quebec shows moreover that the use of a reference budget aiming to reach a minimum level of subsistence can contribute to a decrease of benefit generosity. The Swedish case, however, demonstrates that the use of a reference budget allowing a decent living standard and social participation has influenced positively the generosity of social assistance benefits. This study also shows that political and economic concerns and pressures have had important, and generally negative, impacts on the generosity level of social assistance benefits over time.
Hamel-Roy, Laurence. "«Je dois mettre dans ma tête que c’est pour rendre service» : engagements et contraintes de l’emploi des préposées au soutien à domicile embauchées par le Chèque emploi-service". Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20362.
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