Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / South-to-North Water Transfer Project

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „South-to-North Water Transfer Project”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 1 lutego 2022

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "South-to-North Water Transfer Project"

He, Chansheng, Xiaoying He i Li Fu. "China’s South-to-North Water Transfer Project: Is it Needed?" Geography Compass 4, nr 9 (wrzesień 2010): 1312–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-8198.2010.00375.x.

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Su, Xiao Cheng, Zhi Liu i Xiao Yun Wang. "Study on Jiping Canal Water Line of South-to-North Water Transfer Project". Advanced Materials Research 919-921 (kwiecień 2014): 1248–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.919-921.1248.

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The South-to-North Water Transfer Project is a cross century water diversion project. So it is very important to ensure its normal operation. The hydraulic calculation of Jiping Canal of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project is carried out in this paper, working out cross section, the profile and the X-Y-Z perspective plot of Jiping Canal respectively. An analysis of the canal stability enables us to get the condition in which the canal is stable, which will provide strong technical support for the design and construction of the canal. Therefore, the analysis has important practical significance. The study will be effective guidance on the normal operation of Jiping Canal of South-to-North Water Transfer Project.

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Yang, Hong, i Alexander J. B. Zehnder. "The South-North Water Transfer Project in China". Water International 30, nr 3 (wrzesień 2005): 339–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02508060508691874.

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Ma, Yu-Jun, Xiao-Yan Li, Maxwell Wilson, Xiu-Chen Wu, Andrew Smith i Jianguo Wu. "Water loss by evaporation from China’s South-North Water Transfer Project". Ecological Engineering 95 (październik 2016): 206–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2016.06.086.

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Ma, Jing, Arjen Y. Hoekstra, Hao Wang, Ashok K. Chapagain i Dangxian Wang. "Virtual versus real water transfers within China". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 361, nr 1469 (20.10.2005): 835–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2005.1644.

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North China faces severe water scarcity—more than 40% of the annual renewable water resources are abstracted for human use. Nevertheless, nearly 10% of the water used in agriculture is employed in producing food exported to south China. To compensate for this ‘virtual water flow’ and to reduce water scarcity in the north, the huge south–north Water Transfer Project is currently being implemented. This paradox—the transfer of huge volumes of water from the water-rich south to the water-poor north versus transfer of substantial volumes of food from the food-sufficient north to the food-deficit south—is receiving increased attention, but the research in this field has not yet reached further than rough estimation and qualitative description. The aim of this paper is to review and quantify the volumes of virtual water flows between the regions in China and to put them in the context of water availability per region. The analysis shows that north China annually exports about 52 billion m 3 of water in virtual form to south China, which is more than the maximum proposed water transfer volume along the three routes of the Water Transfer Project from south to north.

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Wang, Mark, i Chen Li. "An institutional analysis of China’s South-to-North water diversion". Thesis Eleven 150, nr 1 (10.01.2019): 68–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0725513618822419.

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The availability of and demand for water in China is an extreme case of uneven distribution in time and space. In response, the South to North Water Diversion (SNWD) project, the largest inter-basin water transfer scheme in the world, channels large amounts of fresh water from the Yangtze River in southern China to the more arid and industrialised north. In order to keep the SNWD project running smoothly, a comprehensive governance system has been implemented and innovative institutional arrangements have been created to facilitate the transfer of water itself. By taking the SNWD project’s Middle Route as one case study and drawing on primary and secondary data, this article examines the project’s emerging institutional arrangements. The article outlines the establishment of new institutions for the SNWD project with high administrative rankings at both central and local levels, the encouragement of inter-department cooperation, the adoption of a market mechanism and the integration of market functions into administrative functions. We argue that these institutional arrangements have to some extent overcome common challenges in water governance in China, including an engineering-heavy approach and what Chinese commentators have traditionally called the problem of water being managed by multiple government ministries and municipal authorities as the common metaphor of ‘nine dragons managing the water’. Our findings have significant implications for understanding the continuing evolution of water governance in China.

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Berkoff, Jeremy. "China: The South–North Water Transfer Project—is it justified?" Water Policy 5, nr 1 (1.02.2003): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2003.0001.

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The South-North Water Transfer Project (SNWTP), if fully developed, could divert 40-50 km3/yr from the Yangtse basin to the North China plain, alleviating water scarcity for 300-325M people living in what even then will be a highly water-stressed region. Construction of the next stage, diverting up to 20 km3 at a cost of about $17,000M (including $7000M in ancillary costs), is to start in 2002/3. A recent World Bank study suggests that the project is economically attractive. This conclusion has been disputed by the World Wildlife Fund (now the Worldwide Fund for Nature). This paper concludes that little confidence can be placed in either of these analyses. It therefore seeks to throw light on how the project fits within a broader regional and agricultural development setting. The project is hugely expensive, and would at the margin tend to preserve water in low value agriculture and require the resettlement of upwards of 300,000 people. On the other hand, the pace and scale of socio-economic change in China are without precedent, and adjustment problems on the North China plain are greatly exacerbated by water scarcity. Reallocation of water from irrigation to municipal and industrial uses or to the environment is socially divisive and in some instances physically impracticable. The transfer project would greatly alleviate these difficulties. It is these arguments (which are ultimately political and pragmatic), rather than those based strictly on economic or food security concerns, that make the Government's decision to proceed with the project fully understandable.

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Rogers, Sarah, Dan Chen, Hong Jiang, Ian Rutherfurd, Mark Wang, Michael Webber, Britt Crow‐Miller i in. "An integrated assessment of China's South—North Water Transfer Project". Geographical Research 58, nr 1 (23.10.2019): 49–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1745-5871.12361.

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Zhang, Yuxuan, Ranhang Zhao, Haofang Wang, Tao Peng i Huaqing Zhao. "A Gateway to Rapid Prediction of Water Quality: A Case Study in China’s South-to-North Water Diversion Project". Water 13, nr 17 (1.09.2021): 2407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13172407.

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Water quality assurance is the primary factor for the successful operation of water diversion projects across river basins. The rapid prediction of water pollution is the basis for timely and effective emergency control and disposal measures. In China, since the open channels intersect with numerous waterways and traffic arteries, water transfer projects are prone to sudden water pollution accidents. In this paper, the rapid prediction method was developed for sudden water pollution accidents that possibly occurred in the East Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project (ERP) in Shandong Province. With the empirical formula of the pollution transfer law, a rapid prediction model of water quality (WQRP) was established based on the simulation of the typical accidents in the main channel. Finally, four typical accidents were selected as application examples, and the prediction results were compared with the results from a computer numerical simulation to demonstrate the validity of the model. The results showed that the prediction results by the WQRP model meet the accuracy requirements. This method is of great significance for providing water transport security in the extreme conditions of long-distance water transfer projects.

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Chen, Dan, Di Zhang, Zhaohui Luo, Michael Webber i Sarah Rogers. "Water–energy nexus of the Eastern Route of China's South-to-North Water Transfer Project". Water Policy 21, nr 5 (20.07.2019): 945–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2019.188.

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Abstract This article investigates the energy intensity and related impacts of the Eastern Route of China's South-North Water Transfer Project, based on the concept of the water–energy nexus. It finds that from November 2013 to May 2017 a total of 2.35 billion kWh of energy was consumed to transfer 15.5 billion m3 water driven by a large-scale system of pumping stations. This energy production required 7.4 million m3 of virtual water and emitted 1.93 MtCO2e of carbon. An average water–energy nexus ratio of 0.05% indicates that transferring 100 m3 of water consumes 0.05 m3 of virtual water due to the electricity consumption of the Eastern Route's pumping stations. It is estimated that to transfer 7.3 billion m3 water by 2030, this mega project will consume 1.35 billion kWh of energy, 4.6 million m3 of virtual water and emit 0.94 MtCO2e of carbon. These findings and scenario analysis demonstrate that strategies are needed for mitigating the energy intensity of the Eastern Route, such as improved pumping efficiency, reduced water loss during water delivery, decreased water quotas, and promotion of other, less carbon-intensive water sources in destination provinces.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "South-to-North Water Transfer Project"

Wen, Cheng. "Payments for ecosystem services of the middle route of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project in China". Thesis, University of Leeds, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/7303/.

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The South-to-North Water Transfer Project, which aims to mitigate the severe water shortage in the north of China, is the largest water transfer project in the world. However, the success of the middle route of this project is threatened by water pollution in the water supply area and insufficient funding to tackle this problem. This study focused on how to use the policy instrument of Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) to ensure the success of water protection of the middle route project. Non-market valuation was conducted in this study to provide policy suggestions on the design of PES schemes for water protection. From the service demand perspective, a Contingent Valuation survey with a total of 755 questionnaires was conducted in 4 cities (i.e. Beijing, Tianjin, Shijiazhuang and Zhengzhou) along the water transfer route in order to investigate urban residents’ Willingness To Pay (WTP) for the service of water protection. From the service supply perspective, a Choice Experiment survey with 246 questionnaires was conducted in 7 villages in the water supply area in order to reveal farmer households’ preferences for different designs of two water protection programs, namely the existing Sloping Land Conversion Program (SLCP) for reforestation and a hypothetical fertilizer reduction program. Results of the Contingent Valuation survey indicate that urban residents’ WTP for water protection was significantly influenced by their income, their knowledge of the water transfer project and their attitudes to the general idea of PES. Model estimation results show that, on average, respondents in Beijing, Tianjin, Shijiazhuang and Zhengzhou were willing to pay an increase of 0.71, 0.25, 0.39 and 0.36 yuan/m3 in the water price, respectively. In this case, though the annual WTP per capita would only account for 0.14%, 0.04%, 0.09% and 0.07% of the annual disposal income per capita in the four cities, respectively, the total annual WTP of all water users in the four cities could account for 76% of the annual cost of water protection in the water supply area. Therefore, It is argued that a multi-source PES scheme co-funded by water users and governmental budgets is financially feasible without imposing a heavy financial burden to water users in the four cities. Moreover, results of the Choice Experiment survey show that farmer households in the water supply area significantly preferred higher annual payment, longer contracts and less restrictions on the land use activities regarding both water protection programs. The trade-offs between the three attributes indicate that, on average, farmer households were willing to forgo about 8 yuan/mu/year (mu is a commonly used unit of land which equal to 1/15 hectare) for each extra SLCP contract year and 13 yuan/mu/year for the permission of planting each 10% more “commercial trees” (which are more profitable but generate less ecological benefits). Furthermore, analysis also found that the current SLCP contracts have underestimated farmer households’ preference for the “commercial trees”, and thus are discouraging them to choose the “ecological trees” which are less profitable but generate more ecological benefits. For the hypothetical fertilizer reduction program, farmer households were willing to forgo about 26 yuan/mu/year for every extra contract year but required 16 yuan/mu/year for reducing each 10% of the use of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers. Overall, this research contributes to the literature of linking non-market valuation and PES studies in environmental and natural resources management. It is concluded that PES is a promising policy instrument to secure the supply of clean water for the middle route of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project in China, and non-market valuation methods (Contingent Valuation and Choice Experiments) are useful tools to reveal public attitudes and preferences in the design of PES schemes.

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Chen, Hui, i Peter F. Ffolliott. "South-to-North Water Diversion Project in China". Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/296674.

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Markus, Daniel Robert. "Methods to relieve the north of China’s water scarcity issue – The South-North Water Project and desalination". The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1306371441.

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Kim, Ho S. "Sustainable development and the south-to-north water transfer project in China /". 2003. http://www.consuls.org/record=b2587543.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Central Connecticut State University, 2003.
Thesis advisor: Timothy J. Rickard. " ... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in International Studies." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 84-88). Also available via the World Wide Web.

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Chen, Ji Graduate Research Program in Environmental Policy &amp Management UNSW. "Sustainable natural resources policy and management in relation to water diversions with special reference to the south-to-north water transfer project in China". 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/43930.

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China has undertaken a vast engineering project: the large-scale transfer of water from the south of the country to the north, the intention being to alleviate flooding in the south and water shortages in the north. It may take up to fifty years to complete. This thesis examines the broad outline of the scheme, the planning that has gone into it, its historical and political background, and the political, social, and ecological problems that it has encountered and may be likely to cause in the future. The political context of a 'pro-technology' policy amongst today's Chinese leaders is highlighted. The Chinese study is made in the light of water-transfer schemes that have been implemented, or proposed, in other countries; and also ideas about sustainable development, policy processes, and natural resource management. Five case studies are considered: the Aral Sea (Central Asia), the Snowy Mountain Scheme (Australia), the National Hydrological Plan (Spain), the Central Arizona Project (the United States) and the South-to-North Water Transfer Project (China). They are examined as a basis for understanding policy problems and processes in water resource management, and also to make some suggestions for their resolution in the Chinese case―though finding a permanent or definitive solution lies beyond the scope of the present inquiry. The difficulties for traditional policy processes to manage uncertainty and complexity are particularly acute in the area of natural resource management. For example, climate change issues challenge present water management systems and diversion projects. Therefore, uncertainty and complexity issues, beyond the 'ideal' policy cycle, are considered, particularly in relation to climate change, but also the water diversion schemes themselves. Climate change presents a particularly important challenge to the Chinese Project.

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Książki na temat "South-to-North Water Transfer Project"

Corrado, Clini, red. Nan shui bei diao (dong xian) ke chi xu shui zi yuan zong he guan li yan jiu: SWIMER: the Sustainable Water Integrated Management of the South-to-north Water Diversion Project (East Route) in China. Beijing Shi: Jing ji guan li chu ban she, 2011.

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Nan shui bei diao gong cheng ying xiang xia de di qu ke chi xu fa zhan yan jiu: Research on the area sustainable development under the effect of south-to-north water transfer project. Beijing: Zhongguo jing ji chu ban she, 2011.

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Canada. Bill: An act to detach that portion of the Municipality of St. Roch of Quebec, South, lying west of the division line between the property of the Ursuline Nuns and those of the heirs Tourangeau and Ware, from that municipality, and to annex the same to the municipality of the Parish of St. Roch of Quebec, North. Quebec: Printed for the Contractors by Hunter, Rose & Lemieux, 2001.

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Lei, Xiaohui, red. Emergency Operation Technologies for Sudden Water Pollution Accidents in the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project. IntechOpen, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.81771.

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Koyagi, Mikiya. Iran in Motion. Stanford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.11126/stanford/9781503613133.001.0001.

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Completed in 1938, the Trans-Iranian Railway connected Tehran to Iran's two major bodies of water: the Caspian Sea in the north and the Persian Gulf in the south. Iran's first national railway, it produced and disrupted various kinds of movement—voluntary and forced, intended and unintended, on different scales and in different directions—among Iranian diplomats, tribesmen, migrant laborers, technocrats, railway workers, tourists and pilgrims, as well as European imperial officials alike. Iran in Motion tells the hitherto unexplored stories of these individuals as they experienced new levels of mobility. Drawing on newspapers, industry publications, travelogues, and memoirs, as well as American, British, Danish, and Iranian archival materials, Mikiya Koyagi traces contested imaginations and practices of mobility from the conception of a trans-Iranian railway project during the nineteenth-century global transport revolution to its early years of operation on the eve of Iran's oil nationalization movement in the 1950s. Weaving together various individual experiences, this book considers how the infrastructural megaproject reoriented the flows of people and goods. In so doing, the railway project simultaneously brought the provinces closer to Tehran and pulled them away from it, thereby constantly reshaping local, national, and transnational experiences of space among mobile individuals.

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van der Hoeven, Frank, i Alexander Wandl. Hotterdam: How space is making Rotterdam warmer, how this affects the health of its inhabitants, and what can be done about it. TU Delft Open, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.47982/bookrxiv.1.

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Heat waves will occur in Rotterdam with greater frequency in the future. Those affected most will be the elderly – a group that is growing in size. In the light of the Paris heat wave of August 2003 and the one in Rotterdam in July 2006, mortality rates among the elderly in particular are likely to rise in the summer. METHOD The aim of the Hotterdam research project was to gain a better understanding of urban heat. The heat was measured and the surface energy balance modelled from that perspective. Social and physical features of the city we identified in detail with the help of satellite images, GIS and 3D models. We determined the links between urban heat/surface energy balance and the social/physical features of Rotterdam by multivariable regression analysis. The crucial elements of the heat problem were then clustered and illustrated on a social and a physical heat map. RESULTS The research project produced two heat maps, an atlas of underlying data and a set of adaptation measures which, when combined, will make the city of Rotterdam and its inhabitants more aware and less vulnerable to heat wave-related health effects. CONCLUSION In different ways, the pre-war districts of the city (North, South, and West) are warmer and more vulnerable to urban heat than are other areas of Rotterdam. The temperature readings that we carried out confirm these findings as far as outdoor temperatures are concerned. Indoor temperatures vary widely. Homes seem to have their particular dynamics, in which the house’s age plays a role. The above-average mortality of those aged 75 and over during the July 2006 heat wave in Rotterdam can be explained by a) the concentration of people in this age group, b) the age of the homes they live in, and c) the sum of sensible heat and ground heat flux. A diverse mix of impervious surfaces, surface water, foliage, building envelopes and shade make one area or district warmer than another. Adaptation measures are in the hands of residents, homeowners and the local council alike, and relate to changing behaviour, physical measures for homes, and urban design respectively.

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Części książek na temat "South-to-North Water Transfer Project"

Magee, Darrin. "Moving the River? China’s South–North Water Transfer Project". W Engineering Earth, 1499–514. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9920-4_85.

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Cao, Yongxiao, Guohua Fang i Fengcun Yu. "The Establishment of Water Markets in Water Imported Areas of the East-Route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project". W Advances in Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, 1509–14. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89465-0_261.

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Weiming, Zhang. "Synopsis of the West-Route Project of South-to-North Water Transfer from the Yangtze to the Yellow River". W The GeoJournal Library, 677–86. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2450-5_42.

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Li, Hongyan. "Study on Reservoir Group Dispatch of Eastern Route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project Based on Network". W Communications in Computer and Information Science, 221–26. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18134-4_35.

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"Blue water transfer versus virtual water transfer in China – with a focus on the South-North Water Transfer Project". W Integrated Water Resources Management in the 21st Century: Revisiting the paradigm, 271–86. CRC Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b16591-21.

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YANG, KAI-LIN, i WEI-XIN SHI. "OPTIMIZATION OF BEIJING SECTION PROJECT IN MIDDLE ROUTE OF SOUTH-NORTH WATER TRANSFER". W Hydroinformatics, 431–38. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812702838_0053.

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Yuansheng, Pei, Wang Jianhua i Luo Lin. "Analysis of effect of south-to-north water transfer project on aquatic ecosystems of Haihe River basin". W Environmental Hydraulics and Sustainable Water Management, Two Volume Set, 801–7. CRC Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b16814-131.

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"Water pressure test in the design of the tunnel in Yellow River crossing project of the mid-route of South-to-north water transfer project". W Water Resources and Environment, 69–76. CRC Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b19079-13.

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Dai, Zhangjun, Shanxiong Chen i Hongming Luo. "Seepage characteristics and its evolution laws in strong expansive soil slope of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project". W Hydraulic Engineering II, 49–53. CRC Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b16025-10.

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"Study on flow’s wave velocity of the Beijing–Shijiazhuang section on the Mid-route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project". W Resources, Environment and Engineering, 57–62. CRC Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b17389-9.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "South-to-North Water Transfer Project"

Mei, Jinshan. "The South-to-North Water Transfer Project of China". W World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2006. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40856(200)230.

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Jiang Jin i Sun Wei. "Unit water resources allocation in Shaanxi's South-to-North water transfer Project". W 2011 International Symposium on Water Resource and Environmental Protection (ISWREP). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iswrep.2011.5893111.

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Liu, Jian, i Jun Wan. "Environmental Impact of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project in China". W World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2001. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40569(2001)330.

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You, Jinjun, Hong Gan, Kewang Tang, Ling Jia i Niu Cunwen. "Analysis of Impact of South-to-North Water Transfer Project on Groundwater Exploitation in North China". W World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2011. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41173(414)272.

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Sang, Guoqing, Ying Wang, Shuxin Song, Cuiling Jiao i Guoqing Ma. "Emergency Control of Sudden Water Pollution Accidents in South to North Water Transfer Project". W 2016 7th International Conference on Education, Management, Computer and Medicine (EMCM 2016). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/emcm-16.2017.194.

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You, Jinjun, Kewang Tang, Hong Gan i Lin Wang. "Analysis of Effect of South-to-North Water Transfer Project on Groundwater Exploitation in North China". W 2010 4th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2010.5515494.

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Wang, Dangxian, Jing Ma, Hao Wang, Yin Wang, Jianshi Zhao i Bifeng Shen. "Water Marginal Benefit Analysis in the Recipient Area of Water Transfer Project from South to North". W World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2006. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40856(200)232.

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Liu, Shuguang, Guihui Zhong, Cuiping Kuang, Bo Sun, Hongliang Gou i Wenrui Huang. "Effects of South-To-North Water Transfer Project on Salinity Intrusion in Yangtze Estuary". W Engineering Mechanics Conference. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784412664.012.

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Liu, Guoqiang, Guanghua Guan i Changde Wang. "Transition mode of the middle route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project before freezing". W 2011 International Conference on Networking, Sensing and Control (ICNSC 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icnsc.2011.5874904.

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Sang, Guoqing, Shuxin Song, Ying Wang, Cuiling Jiao i Guoqing Ma. "Research on Daily Optimal Operation of Pumping Station of South to North Water Transfer Project". W 2016 7th International Conference on Education, Management, Computer and Medicine (EMCM 2016). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/emcm-16.2017.243.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "South-to-North Water Transfer Project"

Anderton, Gary, Ernest Berney, John Newman, Travis Mann, Chad Gartrell i Daniel Miller. Joint Rapid Airfield Construction (JRAC) Program 2004 Demonstration Project--Fort Bragg, North Carolina. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), marzec 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40139.

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This report describes the demonstration of technologies and procedures developed during April 2002 and May 2004 under the Joint Rapid Airfield Construction (JRAC) Program. The demonstration took place at Sicily Landing Zone (LZ) at Fort Bragg, NC, in July of 2004. The objective of the exercise was to demonstrate the procedures and technologies developed under the JRAC Program by rapidly building two parking aprons capable of supporting C-130 transport aircraft taxiing and parking operations. The exercise was conducted under continuous 24-hr operations to simulate a real-world rapid construction environment. Apron 1 (north apron) was constructed using two technologies, one-half being ACE™ Matting and the other half being a cement-polymer stabilized soil surface. Apron 2 (south apron) was constructed solely of a fiber-cement-stabilized soil system. Both aprons were treated with a polymer emulsion surface application to form a sealed surface against abrasion and water infiltration. The entire construction of both aprons required 76 hr, with Apron 1 finished in 48 hr. The construction of Apron 1 was validated by operation of a C-130 aircraft approximately 31 hr after completion with success and high praises from the aircraft flight crew on the stability and surface of the apron, as well as its dust-abating characteristics.

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Orbeta, Aniceto C., Neeta Pokhrel, Saswati Ghosh Belliappa, Saugata Dasgupta i Arati Nandi. Measuring the Impact of West Bengal Drinking Water Sector Improvement Project: A Baseline Study. Asian Development Bank, grudzień 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps200410-2.

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Access to safe drinking water is a fundamental right of people. The West Bengal Drinking Water Sector Improvement Project is assisting the Government of West Bengal to provide safe, sustainable, and inclusive drinking water services to over 1.65 million people in the arsenic, fluoride, and salinity-affected areas of Bankura, North and South 24 Parganas, and Purba Medinipur districts. This publication sets the baseline of the project by providing the benchmark comparison of primary outcomes for the project and non-project households, before implementation, so that an impact evaluation can be carried out at project completion.

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Beck, Aaron. RiverOceanPlastic: Land-ocean transfer of plastic debris in the North Atlantic, Cruise No. AL534/2, 05 March – 26 March 2020, Malaga (Spain) – Kiel (Germany). GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/cr_al534-2.

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Cruise AL534/2 is part of a multi-disciplinary research initiative as part of the JPI Oceans project HOTMIC and sought to investigate the origin, transport and fate of plastic debris from estuaries to the oceanic garbage patches. The main focus of the cruise was on the horizontal transfer of plastic debris from major European rivers into shelf regions and on the processes that mediate this transport. Stations were originally chosen to target the outflows of major European rivers along the western Europe coast between Malaga (Spain) and Kiel (Germany), although some modifications were made in response to inclement weather. In total, 16 stations were sampled along the cruise track. The sampling scheme was similar for most stations, and included: 1) a CTD cast to collect water column salinity and temperature profiles, and discrete samples between surface and seafloor, 2) sediment sampling with Van Veen grab and mini-multi corer (mini-MUC), 3) suspended particle and plankton sampling using a towed Bongo net and vertical WP3 net, and 4) surface neusten sampling using a catamaran trawl. At a subset of stations with deep water, suspended particles were collected using in situ pumps deployed on a cable. During transit between stations, surface water samples were collected from the ship’s underway seawater supply, and during calm weather, floating litter was counted by visual survey teams. The samples and data collected on cruise AL534/2 will be used to determine the: (1) abundance of plastic debris in surface waters, as well as the composition of polymer types, originating in major European estuaries and transported through coastal waters, (2) abundance and composition of microplastics (MP) in the water column at different depths from the sea surface to the seafloor including the sediment, (3) abundance and composition of plastic debris in pelagic and benthic organisms (invertebrates), (4) abundance and identity of biofoulers (bacteria, protozoans and metazoans) on the surface of plastic debris from different water depths, (5) identification of chemical compounds (“additives”) in the plastic debris and in water samples.

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Ruiz, Pablo, Craig Perry, Alejando Garcia, Magali Guichardot, Michael Foguer, Joseph Ingram, Michelle Prats, Carlos Pulido, Robert Shamblin i Kevin Whelan. The Everglades National Park and Big Cypress National Preserve vegetation mapping project: Interim report—Northwest Coastal Everglades (Region 4), Everglades National Park (revised with costs). National Park Service, listopad 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2279586.

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The Everglades National Park and Big Cypress National Preserve vegetation mapping project is part of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP). It is a cooperative effort between the South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD), the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), and the National Park Service’s (NPS) Vegetation Mapping Inventory Program (VMI). The goal of this project is to produce a spatially and thematically accurate vegetation map of Everglades National Park and Big Cypress National Preserve prior to the completion of restoration efforts associated with CERP. This spatial product will serve as a record of baseline vegetation conditions for the purpose of: (1) documenting changes to the spatial extent, pattern, and proportion of plant communities within these two federally-managed units as they respond to hydrologic modifications resulting from the implementation of the CERP; and (2) providing vegetation and land-cover information to NPS park managers and scientists for use in park management, resource management, research, and monitoring. This mapping project covers an area of approximately 7,400 square kilometers (1.84 million acres [ac]) and consists of seven mapping regions: four regions in Everglades National Park, Regions 1–4, and three in Big Cypress National Preserve, Regions 5–7. The report focuses on the mapping effort associated with the Northwest Coastal Everglades (NWCE), Region 4 , in Everglades National Park. The NWCE encompasses a total area of 1,278 square kilometers (493.7 square miles [sq mi], or 315,955 ac) and is geographically located to the south of Big Cypress National Preserve, west of Shark River Slough (Region 1), and north of the Southwest Coastal Everglades (Region 3). Photo-interpretation was performed by superimposing a 50 × 50-meter (164 × 164-feet [ft] or 0.25 hectare [0.61 ac]) grid cell vector matrix over stereoscopic, 30 centimeters (11.8 inches) spatial resolution, color-infrared aerial imagery on a digital photogrammetric workstation. Photo-interpreters identified the dominant community in each cell by applying majority-rule algorithms, recognizing community-specific spectral signatures, and referencing an extensive ground-truth database. The dominant vegetation community within each grid cell was classified using a hierarchical classification system developed specifically for this project. Additionally, photo-interpreters categorized the absolute cover of cattail (Typha sp.) and any invasive species detected as either: Sparse (10–49%), Dominant (50–89%), or Monotypic (90–100%). A total of 178 thematic classes were used to map the NWCE. The most common vegetation classes are Mixed Mangrove Forest-Mixed and Transitional Bayhead Shrubland. These two communities accounted for about 10%, each, of the mapping area. Other notable classes include Short Sawgrass Marsh-Dense (8.1% of the map area), Mixed Graminoid Freshwater Marsh (4.7% of the map area), and Black Mangrove Forest (4.5% of the map area). The NWCE vegetation map has a thematic class accuracy of 88.4% with a lower 90th Percentile Confidence Interval of 84.5%.

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