Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „South sea Islander”
Kliknij ten link, aby zobaczyć inne rodzaje publikacji na ten temat: South sea Islander.
Utwórz poprawne odniesienie w stylach APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard i wielu innych
Sprawdź 50 najlepszych artykułów w czasopismach naukowych na temat „South sea Islander”.
Przycisk „Dodaj do bibliografii” jest dostępny obok każdej pracy w bibliografii. Użyj go – a my automatycznie utworzymy odniesienie bibliograficzne do wybranej pracy w stylu cytowania, którego potrzebujesz: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver itp.
Możesz również pobrać pełny tekst publikacji naukowej w formacie „.pdf” i przeczytać adnotację do pracy online, jeśli odpowiednie parametry są dostępne w metadanych.
Przeglądaj artykuły w czasopismach z różnych dziedzin i twórz odpowiednie bibliografie.
1
Cheer, Joseph, i Keir Reeves. "Roots Tourism: Blackbirding and the South Sea Islander Diaspora". Tourism Analysis 18, nr 3 (9.08.2013): 245–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/108354213x13673398610574.
Pełny tekst źródła
2
Headrick, Simone, Thomas Robertson, John MacMillan, John Cameron i Richard Boyle. "Oculopharyngodistal myopathy with AD inheritance in a south sea islander family". Clinical Neurophysiology 119, nr 3 (marzec 2008): e24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2007.10.052.
Pełny tekst źródła
3
Barker, Bryce, i Lara Lamb. "Archaeological Evidence for South Sea Islander Traditional Ritual Practice at Wunjunga, Ayr, Central Queensland Coast". Australian Archaeology 73, nr 1 (1.12.2011): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03122417.2011.11961927.
Pełny tekst źródła
4
Kathrein, Jakob Franz. "Indigene und Cook. Der Tahitianer Omai (1751–1780) als Fallbeispiel für das Konzept des „Edlen Wilden“?" historia.scribere, nr 9 (9.06.2017): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.15203/historia.scribere.9.555.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
During James Cook’s second voyage of discovery, a young Tahitian by the name of Omai (1751–1780) was taken aboard the Adventure, one of the two ships of this expedition. Omai travelled to England, where he was introduced into the British Upper Class and much admired as a living example of a noble and pure South Sea islander in tune with Mother Nature. Omai became accepted in the highest society circles, was painted by several great artists of the time and became part of the collective hype surrounding James Cook’s voyages of discovery and the new experiences with non-European cultures. This paper compares available scientific literature on this topic and aims to analyze the role of Omai as a historical figure and as the personification of the idealized European concept of the noble savage.
5
Dowe, John Leslie, i Sara Maroske. "John Dallachy (1804–71): collecting botanical specimens at Rockingham Bay". Historical Records of Australian Science 31, nr 2 (2020): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr19013.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Warning Readers of this article are warned that it may contain terms, descriptions and opinions that are culturally sensitive and/or offensive to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders. John Dallachy (1804–71) was employed by Baron Ferdinand von Mueller to collect plants as a pioneer resident of Cardwell, Rockingham Bay, Queensland, 1864–71. Mueller’s longest-serving paid botanical collector, Dallachy was also the most prolific collector of types among Mueller’s large network of collectors. In part, Dallachy’s success can be attributed to his collecting methods and intensive travels around the species-rich Rockingham Bay area. In part, also, Dallachy was indebted to fellow European pioneers for support (which was acknowledged in the eponymy of new taxa), and to local Indigenous and South Sea Islander people. Dallachy managed these relationships in a context of frontier war as local Indigenous people resisted being displaced by European colonists. Nevertheless, Dallachy’s opportunity to work as a full-time professional botanical collector, and the rapidity with which his new specimens were identified and published was, to a large extent, due to Mueller. The partnership with Mueller led to Dallachy contributing ~3500 specimens from Rockingham Bay to the Melbourne Herbarium of which ~400 taxa were considered new to Western science.
6
Toussaint, Sandy. "Practicing Anthropology in Australia: An Introduction". Practicing Anthropology 23, nr 1 (1.01.2001): 2–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.23.1.07107g644p706g16.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Applied anthropology in Australia is an increasingly sought after and diverse field of social inquiry and research application. There are several reasons for this interest, including substantial anthropological involvement in the land claims process during the past three decades. Such a process has resulted in anthropologists working for Indigenous groups and land councils, documenting Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander interests in land and sea, negotiating resource development agreements, undertaking ethnographic site surveys, presenting evidence in court. A number of contributions to this special edition of Practicing Anthropology provide details of these practical applications of anthropology in Australian settings. Nicolas Peterson describes some of the historial background to the introduction of land rights legislation in the Northern Territory, and Jim Birckhead discusses cultural heritage issues in national parks in New South Wales. Birckhead and Toussaint also raise concerns about anthropological practice and the ethics and politics of representation, including with reference to the relationship between gender and culture.
7
Bornemann, H., M. Kreyscher, S. Ramdohr, T. Martin, A. Carlini, L. Sellmann i J. Plötz. "Southern elephant seal movements and Antarctic sea ice". Antarctic Science 12, nr 1 (marzec 2000): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095410200000002x.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Weaned pups and post-moult female elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) were fitted with satellite transmitters at King George Island (South Shetland Islands) between December 1996 and February 1997. Of the nine adult females tracked for more than two months, three stayed in a localized area between the South Shetland Islands and the South Orkney Islands. The other six females travelled south-west along the coast of the Antarctic Peninsula up to the Bellingshausen Sea. Two of them then moved north-east and hauled out on South Georgia in October. One female was last located north of the South Shetland Islands in March 1998. In total, eight females were again sighted on King George Island and six of the transmitters removed. The tracks of the weaners contrasted with those of the adults. In January, five juveniles left King George Island for the Pacific sector spending about four weeks in the open sea west of the De Gerlache Seamounts. Three of them returned to the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula in June, of which one was last located on the Patagonian Shelf in November 1997. The juveniles avoided sea ice while the adults did not. The latter displayed behavioural differences in using the pack ice habitat during winter. Some females adjusted their movement patterns to the pulsating sea ice fringe in distant foraging areas while others ranged in closed pack ice of up to 100%. The feeding grounds of adult female elephant seals are more closely associated with the pack ice zone than previously assumed. The significance of the midwater fish Pleuragramma antarcticum as a potential food resource is discussed.
8
Gallegos, Danielle, Hong Do, Quyen Gia To, Brenda Vo, Janny Goris i Hana Alraman. "Eating and physical activity behaviours among ethnic groups in Queensland, Australia". Public Health Nutrition 23, nr 11 (25.03.2020): 1991–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s136898001900418x.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
AbstractObjective:To examine differences in eating and physical activity behaviours among ethnic groups in Queensland, Australia, and differences in those behaviours due to the duration of residency in Australia.Design:Cross-sectional study using baseline data collected for the Living Well Multicultural–Lifestyle Modification Program between October 2014 and June 2017.Setting:Culturally and linguistically diverse communities (CALD), including Afghani, Somali, Burmese, Pacific and South Sea Islander, Sri Lankan, Sudanese and Vietnamese, living in Queensland, Australia.Participants:People were recruited if they were ≥18 years old and living in the targeted CALD communities.Results:Burmese/Vietnamese, on average, had better eating scores in line with Australian dietary guidelines, compared with Afghani/Arabic-speaking (difference = 2·05 points, 95 % CI 1·39, 2·72), Somali/Sudanese (difference = 1·53 points, 95 % CI 0·79, 2·28) and Pacific Islander (difference = 1·46 points, 95 % CI 0·79, 2·13). Association between ethnicity and meeting the physical activity guideline was not significant. Those who stayed in Australia longer than a year were less likely to meet the physical activity guideline than those staying <1 year (OR = 0·51, 95 % CI 0·31, 0·84). There was no significant association between duration of residency in Australia and eating scores.Conclusions:Eating behaviours were significantly different among the ethnic groups in Queensland with Burmese/Vietnamese and Sri Lankan/Bhutanese having the healthiest diets. All ethnic groups were less likely to meet the physical activity guideline compared with the general Australian population. People with duration of residency of at least 1 year in Australia were less likely to meet the physical activity guideline compared with those who had shorter stays.
9
Taparra, Kekoa, Edward Christopher Dee, Dyda Dao, Rohan Patel, Patricia Mae G. Santos i Fumiko Chino. "Disaggregating Pacific Islanders and major Asian subpopulations to reveal hidden breast cancer disparities." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, nr 28_suppl (1.10.2021): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.39.28_suppl.80.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
80 Background: The Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Other Pacific Islander (AA/NHPI) population is the fastest growing and most socioeconomically heterogeneous racial/ethnic group in the US. AA/NHPI breast cancer outcomes are often reported as superior to Non-Hispanic Whites (NHW) however evidence suggests aggregating AA/NHPI masks disparities among subpopulations. As NHPI is often ignored as one of five official US races, this study aims to disaggregate AA and NHPI to unmask breast cancer disparities. Methods: An IRB exempt, retrospective cohort study using the National Cancer Database was conducted for women diagnosed with breast cancer in 2004-2016. AA and NHPI patients were compared with the majority NHW group. AA was separated into pertinent geographical origins: East Asian (EA; Chinese, Japanese, Korean), South Asian (SA; Indian, Pakistani), and Southeast Asian (SEA; Filipino, Vietnamese, Laotian, Hmong, Cambodian). Descriptive statistics were used. Logistic and Cox proportional hazard regressions assessed adjusted Odds Ratios (aORs) and adjusted Hazards Ratios (aHR), respectively, with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Analyses were adjusted for patient factors (age, insurance, income, rural/urban, education, hospital region, hospital distance, Deyo comorbidity score) and cancer characteristics (grade, stage, metastases, diagnosis year, hormone status). Results: Of 2,073,822 women there were 28,311 EA, 13,259 SA, 21,645 SEA, 5,375 NHPI, and 2,005,232 NHW. The median age was 62 years with median 66 month follow-up. Compared to NHW (9.6%), presentation with late-stage disease (Stage III/IV) was higher in NHPI (12%), SA (12%), and SEA (11%), but not EA (7.5%). On adjusted analysis (Table), EA was the only group with a statistical difference from NHW with aOR=0.85 (95%CI=0.76-0.94). Kaplan-Meier test for overall survival (OS) showed differences between ethnic/racial groups with NHPI having worse OS than AA subpopulations (p<0.0001). On adjusted analysis (Table), all AA subpopulations had lower risk of death compared to NHW: EA (aHR=0.69; 95%CI=0.64-0.74), SA (aHR=0.65; 95CI=0.59-0.71), and SEA (aHR=0.78; 95%CI=0.73-0.84) however the NHPI group had a greater risk of death (aHR=1.14; 95%CI=1.02-1.28). Conclusions: NHPI women with breast cancer have worse outcomes compared to NHW. This is masked by superior AA outcomes when aggregated. The continual improper aggregation of AA with NHPI downplays NHPI cancer disparities. Proper disaggregation of NHPI from AA warrants greater attention.[Table: see text]
10
Basir Khan, M. Reyasudin, Jagadeesh Pasupuleti, Razali Jidin i Sharifah Azwa Shaaya. "Seasonal Wind Power Potential for a Resort Island in the South China Sea". Applied Mechanics and Materials 793 (wrzesień 2015): 383–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.793.383.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This paper presents a wind energy assessment for a resort island in the South China Sea that has a seasonal climate contributed by the monsoon seasons. The resort island selected for this study is Tioman, as it denotes the typical energy requirements of most resort islands in the South China Sea. The island depends primarily on diesel-fuel for electricity generation. However, diesel is subjected to expensive and unpredictable market values, high operation and maintenance costs, and poses environmental threats. Therefore, the potential for wind energy conversion system development is conducted in order to reduce the island’s diesel fuel dependency. The study starts with energy auditing and meteorological data collection. Subsequently, the wind energy potential is evaluated using Weibull distribution function. The results indicate that the wind speed vary according to seasons, where higher wind power can be generated during the northeast monsoon season than any other seasons.
11
Uda, Takaaki, Masumi Serizawa i Shiho Miyahara. "DEVELOPMENT OF SAND BARS AROUND ISLANDS OFFSHORE OF KRABI IN THAILAND AND THEIR PREDICTION". Coastal Engineering Proceedings, nr 36 (30.12.2018): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36.papers.22.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Poda and Po Da Nok Islands are located offshore of Krabi facing the Andaman Sea in the south part of Thailand. A shallow sea extends together with the development of a slender sandbar between these islands, and there is another small island named Tup Island connected by sandy beach. Sandbars can well develop in this area because of the shallow sea. The wave-sheltering effect of these islands affect to another island. On August 2016, field observation was carried out to study the formation of sandbars, and numerical simulation using the BG model was carried out to investigate the interaction of three islands.
12
Goodwin, Claire, Jennifer Jones, Karen Neely i Paul Brickle. "Sponge biodiversity of Beauchêne and the Sea Lion Islands and south-east East Falkland, Falkland Islands, with a description of nine new species". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 96, nr 2 (8.12.2014): 263–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315414001775.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Sponge samples were taken by scuba diving from six sites around Sea Lion Island (Sea Lion, Sea Lion Easterly and Brandy Islands), three sites south-east of East Falkland (Motley Island, Green Island and Triste Island) and six sites around Beauchêne Island. Nine new species are described:Iophon roseumsp. nov.,Clathria(Microciona)tenebrosasp. nov.,Clathria(Microciona)cheekisp. nov.,Hymedesmia(Hymedesmia)laptikhovskyisp. nov.,Hymedesmia(Hymedesmia)croftsaesp. nov.,Myxilla(Ectyomyxilla)beauchênensissp. nov.,Tedania(Tedania)lividasp. nov.,Amphilectus fimbriatussp. nov. andIsodictya cutisanserinasp nov. Additional information is provided on several species recently described from the Falkland Islands andAmphimedon marseiis newly reported. The biogeography of the sponge fauna of the southern Falkland Islands is discussed.
13
Ballis, Athanasios, Despoina Tsouka, Tatiana Moschovou i George Kasselouris. "THE IMPACT OF AIRPORT DEVELOPMENT ON THE TOURISM IN THE GREEK ISLANDS OF THE SOUTH AEGEAN SEA". Journal of Air Transport Studies 9, nr 2 (1.07.2018): 95–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.38008/jats.v9i2.25.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The current work focuses on the islands of the South Aegean and attempts to highlight the importance of airport infrastructure for their tourism development. The impact of other island characteristics (area, shore length, population, number of beds in various classes of accommodation, cost of accommodation, island’s attractiveness, distance from Piraeus port, etc.) was also investigated using regression analysis. The results revealed that airports having runways above 1,800m serve direct international flights and have a very significant contribution to the tourism development of the associated islands. On the contrary, islands having airports with short runways are served through Athens International Airport yet, the number of tourist arrivals by air is low, having a minor impact on their tourism product. The characteristics of these islands indicate that they have strong potential for further tourism growth given that their airport infrastructure will be improved overcoming technical and environmental barriers.
14
Zhou, Xiao, Liang Cheng, Fangli Zhang, Zhaojin Yan, Xiaoguang Ruan, Kaifu Min i Manchun Li. "Integrating Island Spatial Information and Integer Optimization for Locating Maritime Search and Rescue Bases: A Case Study in the South China Sea". ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 8, nr 2 (15.02.2019): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8020088.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Maritime search and rescue (SAR) operations are critical for ensuring safety at sea. Islands have been considered as feasible solutions for the construction of new maritime SAR bases to improve the capacity of SAR operations in remote sea areas. This paper proposes a new framework, based on island spatial information, for determining the optimal locations for maritime SAR bases. The framework comprises four steps. First, candidate islands for the construction of maritime SAR bases are selected. Second, the potential rescue demand is estimated by employing ship location data and marine incident data. In the third step, the response time from candidate islands to any site at sea is calculated, with explicit consideration of the impact of sea conditions on the ship’s speed. Fourth, the final island locations are proposed by solving the maximal covering location problem (MCLP). The proposed framework was applied to the South China Sea. The results showed that there would be a decrease of 1.09 h in terms of the mean access time for the South China Sea if the six selected island bases were constructed, whilst the primary coverage increased from 62.63% to 80.02% when using a 6-hour threshold. This new framework is expected to contribute to improvements in safety at sea and should be applicable to any sea area where the construction of island rescue bases is being considered.
15
Han, Shengsheng, Suxia Liu, Shi Hu, Xianfang Song i Xingguo Mo. "Evapotranspiration on Natural and Reclaimed Coral Islands in the South China Sea". Remote Sensing 13, nr 6 (15.03.2021): 1110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13061110.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Studies of evapotranspiration on remote tropical coral islands are important to explore and sustain scarce freshwater resources. However, there is a significant knowledge gap between research to evaluate evapotranspiration based on remote sensing methods and the influences of different land use types on water dynamics on reclaimed coral islands. This study applied the remote-sensing-based Vegetation Interfaces Processes (VIP-RS) model to estimate actual evapotranspiration (ETa) on Zhaoshu Island, Yongxing Island, and Yongshu Island in the South China Sea from 2016 to 2019. The results showed that the average annual ETa of Zhaoshu Island, Yongxing Island, and Yongshu Island was 685 mm, 530 mm, and 210 mm, respectively. Annual transpiration (Ec) and soil evaporation (Es) exhibited similar patterns on the natural islands; however, Es controlled the water consumption on the reclaimed islands. Water dynamics exhibited seasonal fluctuations due to the uneven distribution of precipitation (PRP). However, ETa of the natural islands was higher than PRP in the dry season, indicating vegetation has to absorb water from the groundwater to sustain growth. The results also agreed with the analysis of dominant driving factors based on partial correlation analysis, which demonstrated that the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is the most important factor that influences ETa, while relative humidity (RH) controlled the bare land or sparsely vegetated areas on the reclaimed islands. The setting of different land use types showed that vegetation and built-up or hardened roads took control of evapotranspiration and rainwater collection, respectively, which play important roles in water dynamics on corals islands. The evaluation of ETa based on a remote-sensing-based model overcame the difficulty in fieldwork observation, which improves the certainty and accuracy at a spatial scale. In addition, it gave us a new reference to protect and manage scarce freshwater resources properly.
16
Huang, Longyu, Jungang Yang, Junmin Meng i Jie Zhang. "Underwater Topography Detection and Analysis of the Qilianyu Islands in the South China Sea Based on GF-3 SAR Images". Remote Sensing 13, nr 1 (28.12.2020): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13010076.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Shallow sea underwater topography plays an important role in the development of islands and reefs. The Qilianyu Islands, located in Xisha, South China Sea, are a key area for the development and utilization of the South China Sea. Compared with traditional underwater topography detection methods, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has the advantages of low cost, short time consumption, and the large-scale detection of shallow water topography. The GF-3 satellite is the first SAR satellite launched by China, and its ability to probe shallow sea topography has never been assessed. To detect the underwater topography of the Qilianyu Islands and test the application of GF-3 SAR data in shallow sea underwater topography detection, this paper implements the SAR shallow sea underwater topography detection model, the tidal information corresponding to the imaging time of the SAR image, and six GF-3 SAR images to detect the underwater topography of the Qilianyu island and reefs. The detection results have been analyzed from different imaging times, different water depths and different polarization modes, and the first four SAR images show promising detection results. The average absolute error (MAE) and average relative error (MRE) of the results are 1.5 m and 14.33%, respectively, which demonstrates that GF-3 SAR images have an impressive performance in underwater topography detection of South China Sea island reefs.
17
Ronaboyd, Irfa. "Kedaulatan dan Yurisdiksi Negara terhadap Pulau Buatan dalam Perspektif UNCLOS 1982". Jurnal Suara Hukum 1, nr 1 (14.03.2019): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/jsh.v1n1.p51-60.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The provisions in UNCLOS 1982 are also historical representations in following developments and demands of the times to solve various problems of sea use. A number of principles in marine law instruments were reaffirmed, in addition to the new principles or provisions added to UNCLOS 1982 in order to resolve future and future maritime territorial disputes. Nevertheless, there are a number of things that have not been regulated in detail by UNCLOS 1982, for example artificial islands.The artificial island discourse was again a concern by various parties, especially international law experts. The debate surfaced after China in the South China Sea built five artificial islands and military installations on it. The artificial island is built on the reefs of the Spartly islands, the South China Sea. Apart from the Chinese polemic in building artificial islands in disputed areas, basically every coastal country has exclusive jurisdiction to build artificial islands within the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). Even under international law all countries have the freedom to build artificial islands on the high seas
18
Bland, Robert D. "“A GRIM MEMORIAL OF ITS THOROUGH WORK OF DEVASTATION AND DESOLATION”: RACE AND MEMORY IN THE AFTERMATH OF THE 1893 SEA ISLAND STORM". Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 17, nr 2 (kwiecień 2018): 297–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537781417000846.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
“‘A Grim Memorial of Its Thorough Work of Devastation and Desolation’: Race and Memory in the Aftermath of the 1893 Sea Island Storm” explores the political struggle that ensued in the aftermath of the August 1893 hurricane. The storm, which decimated the predominantly African American South Carolina Sea Islands, required a nine-month relief effort to assist the region's citizens in their time of need. Led by the American Red Cross, the relief effort became a new proxy for a long-standing debate over the legacy of Reconstruction and the meaning of black citizenship. This battle, waged by leaders in South Carolina's Democratic Party, Red Cross officials, writers in the national press, former abolitionists, and African Americans living in the South Carolina Sea Islands, exposed growing fissures in how Americans understood notions of charity and self-help. More than a battleground for still-nascent ideas of disaster relief, the political turmoil that followed the 1893 Sea Island Storm played a critical role in redefining the racial boundaries of the United States on the eve of the Jim Crow era.
19
DAVENPORT, Tara. "Island-Building in the South China Sea: Legality and Limits". Asian Journal of International Law 8, nr 1 (styczeń 2018): 76–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2044251317000145.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
AbstractAll the claimants in the South China Sea disputes have engaged in various degrees of island-building on many of the geographic features in the Spratly Islands. However, as noted by the Tribunal in the South China Sea Arbitration, none has been on the scale of Chinese island-building on the features which it occupies, which escalated after the Philippines initiated arbitral proceedings in 2013. While the most important aspect of the Award is that it clarified the extent of the respective maritime rights of China and the Philippines in the South China Sea, the Tribunal’s rulings on the reclamation and island-building activities of China are equally significant. To this end, this paper will examine the findings of the Tribunal on the legality of China’s island-building activities as well as legal constraints on such activities (if any). Last, it will explore the implications of these findings for the Southeast Asian claimants and island-building and fortification of the features that they occupy.
20
Bartlett, Jesamine C., P. Convey, K. A. Hughes, S. E. Thorpe i S. A. L. Hayward. "Ocean currents as a potential dispersal pathway for Antarctica’s most persistent non-native terrestrial insect". Polar Biology 44, nr 1 (styczeń 2021): 209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-020-02792-2.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
AbstractThe non-native midge Eretmoptera murphyi is Antarctica’s most persistent non-native insect and is known to impact the terrestrial ecosystems. It inhabits by considerably increasing litter turnover and availability of soil nutrients. The midge was introduced to Signy Island, South Orkney Islands, from its native South Georgia, and routes of dispersal to date have been aided by human activities, with little known about non-human-assisted methods of dispersal. This study is the first to determine the potential for dispersal of a terrestrial invertebrate species in Antarctica by combining physiological sea water tolerance data with quantitative assessments of ocean current journey times. Fourth instar larvae tolerated sea water submergence for up to 21 days, but submerged egg sacs had significantly reduced hatching success. Using near-surface drifter data, we conclude that ocean current dispersal from Signy Island would not present a risk of species transfer beyond the South Orkney Islands on the tested timescales. However, if E. murphyi were to be introduced to the South Shetlands Islands or Adelaide Island, which are located offshore of the Antarctic Peninsula, there would be a risk of successful oceanic dispersal to neighbouring islands and the Antarctic Peninsula mainland. This study emphasises the need for effective biosecurity measures and demonstrates the role that currently undocumented pathways may have in dispersing non-native species.
21
Shevchenko, Georgy, Ekie Kato i Marina Khuzeeva. "Storm surges and extreme storms in Sakhalin Island and South Kuril Islands". MATEC Web of Conferences 265 (2019): 03004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201926503004.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Storm surges (the significant sea level rises due to a drop in surface atmospheric pressure and an increase in wind velocity during the passage of deep cyclones over the coastal areas) pose a formidable threat to the coastal settlements of Sakhalin and the South Kuril Islands. As a result of flooding of coastal areas, the impact of storm waves on the shores and coastal facilities is sharply increased. The greatest damage caused by surges on 10.11.1990 and 9.11.1995 which affected the most populated southern part of Sakhalin Island. A long-term sea level series were analyzed, recorded at 9 coastal tide gauges located on the coast of Sakhalin Island and South Kuril Islands. Estimates for the maximum heights of the storm surges and tidal level were obtained separately, as well as for the rare recurrence of the total sea level height with the probability of these individual components superposition. The maximum total height of the sea level was obtained for the Kurilsk station, where the highest storm surge was recorded. The minimum values were obtained for southwestern coast of Sakhalin Island (Kholmsk and Nevelsk stations) were tides are small. Seasonal and inter-annual variations of strong waves were analysed from the data of visual observations.
22
Moore, Gregory J., i Christopher B. Primiano. "Audience Costs and China’s South China Sea Policy". Journal of Asian Security and International Affairs 7, nr 3 (1.11.2020): 325–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2347797020962635.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
China’s island building in the South China Sea has received considerable attention from scholars, the media and policy-related officials in recent years. In this article, we conduct a survey to assess the opinions of Chinese university students as it regards their views of any moves by the Chinese government to retreat from its island building and the South China Sea claims due to international pressure. Since China has laid claim to much of the South China Sea via its ‘nine-dash line’, if it were to reverse course and retreat from its man-made islands or remove military installations, how would that play out domestically? Would the Chinese government incur audience costs for doing so? We hypothesise that it would. More specifically, we find it likely that Chinese university students would seek to hold their government accountable for claims to the South China Sea that it has made recently, making it more difficult for the government to retreat from or otherwise adopt a more flexible policy on the South China Sea if it chose to do so. The findings are significant for the audience costs literature, Chinese foreign policy, and South China Sea territoriality studies, in addition to having important policy implications.
23
Bartsch, Ilse. "Antarctic Halacaridae (Acari), new records, these species characteristics and an updated list of species". Polish Polar Research 37, nr 1 (1.03.2016): 131–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/popore-2016-0007.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
AbstractFour halacarid species:Agaue agauoides,Agaue parva,Bradyagaue drygalskii, andHalacarus minorhave been extracted from bottom samples taken in Admiralty Bay, King George Island, South Shetland Islands, another four,Colobocerasides auster,Halacarus arnaudi,Lohmannella fukushimai, andL. gaussi, from Kapp Norvegia, Atka and Halley Bay, Weddell Sea. Most of these species are widespread around Antarctica and adjacent islands. Diagnostic characters are outlined. An annotated list presents 66 halacarid species reported from south of the Antarctic Polar Front.
24
León, Tomás Munilla. "Ammothea tibialis, a new pycnogonid from Drake Passage, Antarctica". Antarctic Science 14, nr 2 (czerwiec 2002): 171–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102002000731.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The most recent reports about the family Ammotheidae of pycnogonids from Southern Ocean waters are those of Munilla (2000, 2001, Scotia Sea), Pushkin (1993, various zones), Bamber (1995, Falkland Islands and South Shetland Islands) and Child (1994, various zones) who also provide historical background. Some species from Livingston Island and surrounding waters (South Shetland Islands, Drake Passage, Bransfield Strait) have been documented previously, mainly by Gordon (1932), Fry & Hedgpeth (1969), Pushkin (1993) and the papers of Child and Bamber mentioned above. Keys to this genus are given in Clark (1977) and Child (1994).
25
Laskowski, Zdzisław, i Krzysztof Zdzitowiecki. "Contribution to the knowledge of the infection with Acanthocephala of a predatory Antarctic ice-fish Chaenocephalus aceratus". Polish Polar Research 31, nr 4 (1.01.2010): 303–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10183-010-0007-z.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Contribution to the knowledge of the infection with Acanthocephala of a predatory Antarctic ice-fish Chaenocephalus aceratus Adult females of a predatory fish, the blackfin icefish, Chaenocephalus aceratus examined at the South Shetland Islands and South Orkney Islands were by several orders of magnitude more infected with Acanthocephala than the males and immature females. Such phenomenon has not been observed in the neritic zone at South Georgia. Cystacanths of Corynosoma hamanni and Corynosoma pseudohamanni were the dominant parasites in Admiralty Bay, whereas Corynosoma bullosum was the dominant in the open sea off the South Shetland Islands and South Georgia, and in the sub-coastal waters off the South Orkney Islands. However, the dominance of C. bullosum was observed in several hosts in Admiralty Bay and the co-dominance of C. bullosum, C. hamanni, and C. pseudohamanni in one mature female in the neritic zone at the South Shetland Islands. Probably, these fish previously lived in the open sea. Cystacanths of Corynosoma arctocephali and Corynosoma shackletoni occurred in the fish in Admiralty Bay and off South Georgia. The former parasite was present also off the South Orkney Islands. One cystacanth of Andracantha baylisi was found off South Georgia. Two echinorhynchids, Aspersentis megarhynchus and Metacanthocephalus dalmori, occurred in the alimentary tracts of the fish caught in Admiralty Bay and one specimen of Echinorhynchus petrotschenkoi off the South Shetland Islands. The highest infection, amounting to 816 acanthocephalans, was found in a mature female in Admiralty Bay. One cystacanth of C. hamanni occurred in a single immature fish caught in the sub-coastal area off Deception Island.
26
Brunner, S., P. D. Shaughnessy i M. M. Bryden. "Geographic variation in skull characters of fur seals and sea lions (family Otariidae)". Australian Journal of Zoology 50, nr 4 (2002): 415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo01056.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Geographic variation was observed in skulls of several otariid species, with a general change in size corresponding with a change in latitude and primary productivity. The largest specimens were from cool temperate localities, conforming mostly to Rensch's rule. Skulls of Australian sea lions from Western Australia were generally smaller in condylobasal length, but were more robust than those from South Australia. The subantarctic fur seal did not conform to Bergmann's rule: skulls from Amsterdam Island (37�55´S) were largest, those from Gough Island (40�20´S) intermediate and those from Marion Island (46�55´S) the smallest. For both sexes, skulls of southern sea lions from the Falkland Islands were smaller than their equivalents from mainland South America. Similarly, skulls of South African fur seals from south-east South Africa appeared smaller than those from the west coast of South Africa and Namibia; skulls from Namibia grouped separately from those of south-east and west coast, South Africa. We postulate that the Otariidae are in the process of species divergence, much of which may be driven by local factors, particularly latitude and resources.
27
Jiang, Yi, Shuai Han, Chunxiang Shi, Tao Gao, Honghui Zhen i Xiaoyan Liu. "Evaluation of HRCLDAS and ERA5 Datasets for Near-Surface Wind over Hainan Island and South China Sea". Atmosphere 12, nr 6 (14.06.2021): 766. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12060766.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Near-surface wind data are particularly important for Hainan Island and the South China Sea, and there is a wide range of wind data sources. A detailed understanding of the reliability of these datasets can help us to carry out related research. In this study, the hourly near-surface wind data from the High-Resolution China Meteorological Administration (CMA) Land Data Assimilation System (HRCLDAS) and the fifth-generation ECMWF atmospheric reanalysis data (ERA5) were evaluated by comparison with the ground automatic meteorological observation data for Hainan Island and the South China Sea. The results are as follows: (1) the HRCLDAS and ERA5 near-surface wind data trend was basically the same as the observation data trend, but there was a smaller bias, smaller root-mean-square errors, and higher correlation coefficients between the near-surface wind data from HRCLDAS and the observations; (2) the quality of HRCLDAS and ERA5 near-surface wind data was better over the islands of the South China Sea than over Hainan Island land. However, over the coastal areas of Hainan Island and island stations near Sansha, the quality of the HRCLDAS near-surface wind data was better than that of ERA5; (3) the quality of HRCLDAS near-surface wind data was better than that of ERA5 over different types of landforms. The deviation of ERA5 and HRCLDAS wind speed was the largest along the coast, and the quality of the ERA5 wind direction data was poorest over the mountains, whereas that of HRCLDAS was poorest over hilly areas; (4) the accuracy of HRCLDAS at all wind levels was higher than that of ERA5. ERA5 significantly overestimated low-grade winds and underestimated high-grade winds. The accuracy of HRCLDAS wind ratings over the islands of the South China Sea was significantly higher than that over Hainan Island land, especially for the higher wind ratings; and (5) in the typhoon process, the simulation of wind by HRCLDAS was closer to the observations, and its simulation of higher wind speeds was more accurate than the ERA5 simulations.
28
LI, BAOQUAN, i XINZHENG LI. "An account of the Genus Turris species (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Turridae) from the East and South China Seas". Zootaxa 1397, nr 1 (25.01.2007): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1397.1.8.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Five species of the genus Turris Röding, 1798 from the China seas are reported in the present paper, they are Turris grandis (Gray, 1834); T. crispa (Lamarck, 1816); T. undosa (Lamarck, 1816); T. annulata (Reeve, 1843); T. normandavidsoni Olivera, 1999. In which, T. grandis, T. undosa and T. normandavidsoni are recorded here for the first time from the China Seas. The material was collected from the South China Sea off Gongdong, Beibu Gulf, Hainan Island, Xisha Islands, Nansha Islands, and the East China Sea.
29
LI, BAOQUAN, i XINZHENG LI. "An account of the Genus Turris species (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Turridae) from the East and South China Seas". Zootaxa 1397, nr 1 (25.01.2007): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1397.8.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Five species of the genus Turris Röding, 1798 from the China seas are reported in the present paper, they are Turris grandis (Gray, 1834); T. crispa (Lamarck, 1816); T. undosa (Lamarck, 1816); T. annulata (Reeve, 1843); T. normandavidsoni Olivera, 1999. In which, T. grandis, T. undosa and T. normandavidsoni are recorded here for the first time from the China Seas. The material was collected from the South China Sea off Gongdong, Beibu Gulf, Hainan Island, Xisha Islands, Nansha Islands, and the East China Sea.
30
Chu Hoi, Nguyen, i Vu Hai Dang. "Environmental Issues in the South China Sea: Legal Obligation and Cooperation Drivers". International Journal of Law and Public Administration 1, nr 1 (7.05.2018): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/ijlpa.v1i1.3260.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Recently, we have been witnessing a critical level of a the degradation of the marine environment and depletion of fish stocks in the South China Sea. This has many adverse consequences on the politics, economics of the countries in the region as well as on the socio-economic life of the coastal population. One of the activities that has been causing serious damage to the marine environment and living resources of the South China Sea is the large-scale land reclamation and artificial island construction undertaken by China in the Spratly and Paracel islands recently. These activities have caused severe harm to the precious coral reef environment and thus, violated the obligation to preserve and protect fragile ecosystems and the habitat of depleted, threatened or endangered species under the international law of the seaThe paper explores the impact of China’s large-scale land reclamation and artificial island construction activities on the marine biodiversity of the South China Sea, explains what the legal obligation under the international law of States to protect and preserve the marine environment is and suggests a number of options in order to bring a halt to such activities and restore the damaged marine ecosystem. The paper puts particular emphasis on the cooperation drivers torwards a healthy, prosperous and peaceful South China Sea, which also contribute to the management and possibly, resolution of the current disputes in this region.Keywords: marine environmental issues, legal obligation, cooperation drivers, large-scale reclamation, artificial islands, blue solutions and fragile ecosystems.
31
Qin, Keyu, Haijun Huang, Jingya Liu, Liwen Yan, Yanxia Liu, Haibo Bi, Zehua Zhang i Yi Zhang. "Impact Mechanism of the Ecological Vulnerability of Highly Developed Islands Based on the Bayesian Network Model—Applied to the Changshan Islands". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, nr 8 (14.04.2021): 4150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084150.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Islands are one of the most sensitive interfaces between global changes and land and sea dynamic effects, with high sensitivity and low stability. Therefore, under the dynamic coupling effect of human activities and frequent natural disasters, the vulnerability of the ecological environment of islands shows the characteristics of complexity and diversity. For the protection of island ecosystems, a system for the assessment of island ecosystems and studies on the mechanism of island ecological vulnerability are highly crucial. In this study, the North and South Changshan Islands of China were selected as the study area. Considering various impact factors of island ecological vulnerability, the geographical information systems (GIS) spatial analysis, field surveys, data sampling were used to evaluate island ecological vulnerability. The Bayesian network model was used to explore the impact mechanism of ecological vulnerability. The results showed that the ecological vulnerability of the North Changshan Island is higher than that of the South Changshan Island. Among all the indicators, the proportion of net primary productivity (NPP) and the steep slope has the strongest correlation with ecological vulnerability. This study can be used as references in the relevant departments to formulate management policies and promote the sustainable development of islands and their surrounding waters
32
Cousens, Roger D., i Jane M. Cousens. "Invasion of the New Zealand Coastline by European Sea-Rocket (Cakile maritima) and American Sea-Rocket (Cakile edentula)". Invasive Plant Science and Management 4, nr 2 (kwiecień 2011): 260–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ipsm-d-10-00060.1.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
AbstractOn the west coast of North America and in Australia, there have been parallel cases of sequential invasion and replacement of the shoreline plant American sea-rocket by European sea-rocket. A similar pattern has also occurred in New Zealand. For 30 to 40 yr, from its first recording in 1921, American sea-rocket spread throughout the eastern coastlines of the North and South Islands of New Zealand. European sea-rocket has so far been collected only on the North Island. From its first collection in 1937, European sea-rocket spread to the northern extremity of the island by 1973, and by 2010, it had reached the southernmost limit. In the region where both species have occurred in the past, American sea-rocket is now rarely found. This appears to be another example of congeneric species displacement.
33
Vacchi, M., i M. La Mesa. "The diet of the Antarctic fish Trematomus newnesi Boulenger, 1902 (Nototheniidae) from Terra Nova Bay, Ross Sea". Antarctic Science 7, nr 1 (marzec 1995): 37–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102095000071.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
A coastal ichthyological survey was carried out in Terra Nova Bay, Ross Sea during the Italian Antarctic Expedition 1987/1988. Vacchi et al. (1992) described the composition of the coastal fish community. Stomach content analysis was conducted on Trematomus bernacchii and T. pennellii to evaluate the trophic overlap (Vacchi et al. 1994). During the survey, several specimens of T. newnesi were caught at 92 m depth. This fish is a coastal species widespread in the high-Antarctic Zone and also known from the South Shetland Islands and the South Orkney Islands (DeWitt et al. 1990). Although T. newnesi was found down to 400 m depth (Tiedtke & Kock 1989), it seems more abundant in very shallow inshore waters (Naito & Iwami 1982, Williams 1988). Andriashev (1970) and Williams(1988) stated T. newnesi was a cryopelagic species associated with the underside of the sea-ice. At Signy Island, T. newnesi was described as semipelagic species eating amphipods (Richardson 1975). Eastman & DeVries (1982) consider it to be both a cryopelagic and benthic species in McMurdo Sound. Targett (1981) found that T. newnesi feeds on krill and plankton at the South Orkney Islands. Planktivory has also been indicated at the South Shetland Islands (Casaux et al. 1990).
34
Browne, Jonathan, i Stewart B. Peck. "The long-horned beetles of south Florida (Cerambycidae: Coleoptera): biogeography and relationships with the Bahama Islands and Cuba". Canadian Journal of Zoology 74, nr 12 (1.12.1996): 2154–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z96-244.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
South Florida is a floral and faunal transition zone between the Nearctic region and the West Indian part of the Neotropical region. Ninety-one species of Cerambycidae are known from the south Florida mainland and 53 species of Cerambycidae from the Florida Keys. The cerambycid fauna of south Florida is about equally of Neotropical (53%) and Nearctic origin (47%). Since the Florida Keys were entirely submerged several times in the Pliocene and Pleistocene epochs, the present cerambycid fauna is predominantly the result of late Pleistocene – Holocene overland dispersal from south-central Florida and overwater dispersal from the West Indies (Bahama Islands and Cuba). Species–area and species–distance relationships for the islands form significant regression lines as predicted by the equilibrium theory of island biogeography. 'The presence of a "distance effect" is surprising, since it is usually considered that only during the past 10 000 years has the southern tip of the Florida peninsula been fragmented into the present-day islands of the Keys by a rising sea level. An alternative geological scenario, supported by this study, suggests that the present islands of the Keys have appeared as the sea level fell only within the past 6000 years, and the fauna is a more recently derived one.
35
Hodgson, Douglas A., Robert B. Taylor i John G. Fyles. "Late Quaternary Sea Level Changes on Brock and Prince Patrick Islands, Western Canadian Arctic Archipelago". Géographie physique et Quaternaire 48, nr 1 (23.11.2007): 69–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/032973ar.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
ABSTRACT Emerged shorelines are few and poorly defined on Prince Patrick and Brock islands. The sparse radiocarbon dates show emergence of only 10 m through the Holocene on the Arctic Ocean coast, increasing to 20 m 100 km to the east. Hence, from Brock Island, representative of westernmost coasts, the sea level curve since the latest Pleistocene has a very low gradient, whereas on eastern Prince Patrick Island the curve takes the more typical exponential form. A decline in isobases towards the west is thus registered. Drowned estuaries, breached lakes, and coastal barriers, particularly in southwest Prince Patrick Island, suggest that the sea is now transgressing at a rate that decreases towards the north end of the island, hence there is also a component of tilt to the south. Delevelling is assumed to result from undefined ice loads, but may have a tectonic component. The sole prominent raised marine deposit is a ridge probably built in a period of more mobile sea ice, possibly at a time of stable or slightly rising sea level in the middle or early Holocene. It winds discontinuously along several hundred of kilometres of the shores of the Arctic Ocean and connecting channels, declining to the south.
36
Zhao, Lijie. "Discussion on the relationship between power generation output of intermittent offshore energy and Marine Climate and Environment -- Taking wave energy and solar energy as examples". E3S Web of Conferences 248 (2021): 02049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124802049.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
In recent years, with the continuous promotion of China’s marine power strategy, the comprehensive development and application of marine resources in many aspects and in depth has become a trend. China’s South China Sea is vast and rich in resources, which has important national defense, economic and environmental significance for its comprehensive development and construction. The South China Sea is a vast sea area with abundant wave energy and solar energy. The pilot development and application of natural energy in this area is of great strategic and environmental significance for the decentralized power supply of deep-sea islands. Therefore, based on the actual application of the wave energy-solar power generation platform on YX Island, a comprehensive analysis is carried out based on the characteristics of the marine climate and environmental elements of the South China Sea, exploring the apparent efficiency of intermittent energy such as wave energy and solar energy under specific environmental conditions and putting forward relevant suggestions. The forecast will provide relevant theoretical basis and data support for the subsequent in-depth development, application and system optimization of renewable energy in the South my country Sea.
37
Galliford, Karina. "Scrutinising the Maritime Zones Around Australia’s Sub-Antarctic Islands". Asia-Pacific Journal of Ocean Law and Policy 6, nr 1 (24.06.2021): 40–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24519391-06010003.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract In 2016, the South China Sea Arbitral Tribunal was the first tribunal or court to interpret Article 121(3) of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. The Tribunal’s interpretation raises international law questions regarding the validity of claimed exclusive economic zones (eezs) and continental shelf maritime areas around many islands including Australia’s sub-Antarctic Islands. Owing to their geographical remoteness, harsh climates, lack of resources, as well as never been ‘home’ to any group of people in a settled way, questions have been raised as to the validity of Australia’s claimed maritime zones with respect to Article 121(3) in both pre- and post-South China Sea Arbitral Award commentary. The article assesses the validity of Australia’s claim by applying the Tribunal’s interpretation of Article 121(3) to the physical and historical facts of the Islands while raising alternate interpretations offered by prior and subsequent commentary. Three examples of possible State practice are reviewed for evidence of other interpretations that may have been agreed to by parties to the Convention. The findings are that Heard and Macquarie Islands are likely classified as islands entitled to an eez and continental shelf whereas McDonald Island is more likely to be an Article 121 ‘rock’.
38
Hays, G. C., A. Mackay, C. R. Adams, J. A. Mortimer, J. R. Speakman i M. Boerema. "Nest site selection by sea turtles". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 75, nr 3 (sierpień 1995): 667–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400039084.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The distribution of 38 nests of loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) on beaches on Sanibel and Captiva islands, south-western Florida (26°26'N 82°16'W), and of 70 first digging attempts by green turtles (Chelonia mydas) on Ascension Island (7°57'S 14°22'W), was quantified. For loggerhead turtles on Sanibel and Captiva, nests were clumped close to the border between the open sand and the supra-littoral vegetation that backed the beaches. This spatial pattern of nests was closely reproduced by assuming simply that turtles crawled a random distance above the most recent high water line prior to digging. In contrast, green turtles on Ascension Island clumped their first digging attempts on the uneven beach above the springs high water line, crawling up to 80 m to reach this beach zone.
39
Cousin, Jarrad. "Island Colonization: The Origin and Development of Island Communities". Pacific Conservation Biology 15, nr 1 (2009): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc090075.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The theory of island biogeography revolutionized the study of island colonization and extinction. Since its inception in the 1960?s, it has allowed scientists and historians alike to understand reasons for patterns of species distributions on islands, as well as assisting conservation managers to model extinction risk of species populations on isolated islands. Volcanic islands represent a ?tabula rasa?, or clean slate for the study of island biogeography, as invariably, resultant volcanic activity decimates almost all observable life. As such, they form the ideal study unit for examining colonization of islands. The Krakatua eruption of 1883 is such an example, with the resultant blasts scouring the Krakatua islands of almost all life, thus allowing scientists to track the colonisation and successional stages that followed. Another example is Surtsey Island, which emerged from the sea 40 km south of Iceland in 1963. It represented a unique opportunity to examine colonization of a previously non-existent and thus uninhabited island. Given that there are many influences and avenues governing the origin and colonization of life on islands, Island Colonization: The Origin and Development of Island Communities, edited by Tim New, represents an important book compiling information on this topic.
40
VIJI, V., K. C. HARISH i B. MADHUSOODANA KURUP. "Reports of Cubiceps baxteri McCulloch 1923 from Indian Ocean are probably misidentifications of Cubiceps whiteleggii (Waite 1894)". Zootaxa 4985, nr 1 (11.06.2021): 142–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4985.1.12.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Cubiceps baxteri McCulloch 1923 was described based on a single, imperfect (devoid of a tail) stranded specimen collected from a beach in Lord Howe Island, Tasman Sea. Though C. baxteri was reported as a widely distributed tropical species (Butler 1979), it was mainly a result of its incorrect identification (see Agafonova 1994; Stewart and Last 2015). The distribution of C. baxteri is reported to be restricted to the Pacific Ocean, from Japan and eastwards to Baja California (Mexico), southwards to the Hawaiian Islands, New South Wales (Australia), and Lord Howe Island (Tasman Sea) to the Southern parts of Chile (Eschmeyer et al. 2017; Mundy 2005; Agafonova 1994).
41
Wang, Rui, Kefu Yu, Brian Jones, Yinghui Wang, Jianxin Zhao, Yuexin Feng, Lizeng Bian i in. "Evolution and development of Miocene “island dolostones” on Xisha Islands, South China Sea". Marine Geology 406 (grudzień 2018): 142–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2018.09.006.
Pełny tekst źródła
42
Ummenhofer, Caroline C., i Matthew H. England. "Interannual Extremes in New Zealand Precipitation Linked to Modes of Southern Hemisphere Climate Variability". Journal of Climate 20, nr 21 (1.11.2007): 5418–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jcli1430.1.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract Interannual extremes in New Zealand rainfall and their modulation by modes of Southern Hemisphere climate variability are examined in observations and a coupled climate model. North Island extreme dry (wet) years are characterized by locally increased (reduced) sea level pressure (SLP), cold (warm) sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the southern Tasman Sea and to the north of the island, and coinciding reduced (enhanced) evaporation upstream of the mean southwesterly airflow. During extreme dry (wet) years in South Island precipitation, an enhanced (reduced) meridional SLP gradient occurs, with circumpolar strengthened (weakened) subpolar westerlies and an easterly (westerly) anomaly in zonal wind in the subtropics. As a result, via Ekman transport, anomalously cold (warm) SST appears under the subpolar westerlies, while anomalies of the opposite sign occur farther north. The phase and magnitude of the resulting SST and evaporation anomalies cannot account for the rainfall extremes over the South Island, suggesting a purely atmospheric mode of variability as the driving factor, in this case the Southern Annular Mode (SAM). New Zealand rainfall variability is predominantly modulated by two Southern Hemisphere climate modes, namely, the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the SAM, with a latitudinal gradation in influence of the respective phenomena, and a notable interaction with orographic features. While this heterogeneity is apparent both latitudinally and as a result of orographic effects, climate modes can force local rainfall anomalies with considerable variations across both islands. North Island precipitation is for the most part regulated by both local air–sea heat fluxes and circulation changes associated with the tropical ENSO mode. In contrast, for the South Island the influence of the large-scale general atmospheric circulation dominates, especially via the strength and position of the subpolar westerlies, which are modulated by the extratropical SAM.
43
Lea, Mary-Anne, Devin Johnson, Rolf Ream, Jeremy Sterling, Sharon Melin i Tom Gelatt. "Extreme weather events influence dispersal of naive northern fur seals". Biology Letters 5, nr 2 (15.01.2009): 252–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2008.0643.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Since 1975, northern fur seal ( Callorhinus ursinus ) numbers at the Pribilof Islands (PI) in the Bering Sea have declined rapidly for unknown reasons. Migratory dispersal and habitat choice may affect first-year survivorship, thereby contributing to this decline. We compared migratory behaviour of 166 naive pups during 2 years from islands with disparate population trends (increasing: Bogoslof and San Miguel Islands; declining: PI), hypothesizing that climatic conditions at weaning may differentially affect dispersal and survival. Atmospheric conditions (Bering Sea) in autumn 2005–2006 were anomalously cold, while 2006–2007 was considerably warmer and less stormy. In 2005, pups departed earlier at all sites, and the majority of PI pups (68–85%) departed within 1 day of Arctic storms and dispersed quickly, travelling southwards through the Aleutian Islands. Tailwinds enabled faster rates of travel than headwinds, a trend not previously shown for marine mammals. Weather effects were less pronounced at Bogoslof Island (approx. 400 km further south), and, at San Miguel Island, (California) departures were more gradual, and only influenced by wind and air pressure in 2005. We suggest that increasingly variable climatic conditions at weaning, particularly timing, frequency and intensity of autumnal storms in the Bering Sea, may alter timing, direction of dispersal and potentially survival of pups.
44
Tung, Nguyen Xuan, Do Huy Cuong, Bui Thi Bao Anh, Nguyen Thi Nhan i Tran Quang Son. "Combining QuickSCAT wind data and Landsat ETM+ images to evaluate the offshore wind power resource of East Vietnam Sea". Tạp chí Khoa học và Công nghệ biển 20, nr 2 (22.05.2020): 143–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/1859-3097/20/2/14714.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Since the East Vietnam Sea has an advantageous geographical location and rich natural resources, we can develop and manage islands and reefs in this region reasonably to declare national sovereignty. Based on 1096 scenes of QuikSCAT wind data of 2006–2009, wind power density at 10 m hight is calculated to evaluate wind energy resources of the East Vietnam Sea. With a combination of wind power density at 70 m hight calculated according to the power law of wind energy profile and reef flats extracted from 35 scenes of Landsat ETM+ images, installed wind power capacity of every island or reef is estimated to evaluate wind power generation of the East Vietnam Sea. We found that the wind power density ranges from levels 4–7, so that the wind energy can be well applied to wind power generation. The wind power density takes on a gradually increasing trend in seasons. Specifically, the wind power density is lower in spring and summer, whereas it is higher in autumn and winter. Among islands and reefs in the East Vietnam Sea, the installed wind power capacity of Hoang Sa archipelago is highest in general, the installed wind power capacity of Truong Sa archipelago is at the third level. The installed wind power capacity of Discovery Reef, Bombay Reef, Tree island, Lincoln island, Woody Island of Hoang Sa archipelago and Mariveles Reef, Ladd Reef, Petley Reef, Cornwallis South Reef of Truong Sa archipelago is relatively high, and wind power generation should be developed on these islands first.
45
Mc Shine, Nkese D., Ricardo M. Clarke, Silvio Gualdi, Antonio Navarra i Xsitaaz T. Chadee. "Influences of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans on Rainy Season Precipitation for the Southernmost Caribbean Small Island State, Trinidad". Atmosphere 10, nr 11 (13.11.2019): 707. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10110707.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Seasonal rainfall in the Caribbean Basin is known to be modulated by sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, and particularly those in the Equatorial Pacific and Atlantic and the Tropical North Atlantic. However, little is known about how these major oceans influence the seasonal precipitation of individual small island states within the region as climate variability at the island-scale may differ from the Caribbean as a whole. Correlation and composite analyses were determined using monthly rainfall data for the southernmost island of the Caribbean, Trinidad, and an extended area of global SSTAs. In addition to the subregions that are known to modulate Caribbean rainfall, our analyses show that sea surface temperatures (SSTs) located in the subtropical South Pacific, the South Atlantic, and the Gulf of Mexico also have weak (r2 < 0.5) yet significant influences on the islands’ early rainy season (ERS) and late rainy season (LRS) precipitation. Composite maps confirm that the South Pacific, South Atlantic, and the Gulf of Mexico show significant SSTAs in December–January–February (DJF) and March–April–May (MAM) prior to the ERS and the LRS. Statistical models for seasonal forecasting of rainfall at the island scale could be improved by using the SSTAs of the Pacific and Atlantic subregions identified in this study.
46
Megawati, Ayu, i Gautama Budi Arundhati. "Dinamika Sikap Tiongkok Atas Putusan Mahkamah Arbitrase Tetap Internasional Nomor 2013-19 dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Indonesia". Lentera Hukum 5, nr 1 (7.05.2018): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/ejlh.v5i1.6553.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The Conflict in South China Sea involves several countries in Southeast Asia, such as the Philippines, Vietnam, Malaysia, Brunei Darussalam, and Indonesia. It is dealt with the rights of ownership, as a result of the People Republic of China (PRC) to unveil nine-dashed line which partially claims over South China Sea. But, it is followed by other countries to release new evidences on the territorial status of South China Sea. Though the Permanent Court of Arbitration had decided the petition of the Philippines in 2013, PRC could not admit the Arbitration. Essentially, Indonesia is not directly involved as a party in the case. But as the evidence provided by PRC, Natuna Islands is part of nine-dashed line in which it asserts that such islands are regarded part of PRC. As a result, Indonesia needs to anticipate on the further potential contention of territorial claims as it has islands around the South China Sea.
Keywords: South China Sea Dispute, Permanent Court of Arbitration
47
Zhong, Hui, i Michael White. "South China Sea". Asia-Pacific Journal of Ocean Law and Policy 2, nr 1 (7.06.2017): 9–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24519391-00201003.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The South China Sea is a maritime space where States have overlapping claims and unsettled maritime boundaries. While driven by territorial competition for ownership of some of the islands, the core contradictions are more related to freedom of navigation. This sea is one of the world’s most important shipping, trade and energy routes, a rich potential source of sub-sea oil and gas and a major fisheries area. The Republic of the Philippines v The People’s Republic of China Arbitral Tribunal Decision of 12 July 2016 1 (the arbitral ruling) under the United Nations Convention for the Law of the Sea 1982 heightened the tensions in the area but they had previously been long standing and it merely escalated the concern that the tensions would impede or even halt regional and global commerce. This article focuses on the importance of the South China Sea and argues that if the South China Sea issue is not handled properly, it would be damaging to the exporting and the importing countries in this region in particular and worldwide trade in general. There has already been a negative impact on economic cooperation and the long term development in Southeast Asia and further tensions could be highly damaging for all of the countries concerned.
48
Yu, Tao, i Bingyao Li. "Island territorial disputes and China’s ‘Shelving Disputes and Pursuing Joint Development’ policy". Island Studies Journal 15, nr 2 (2020): 37–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.24043/isj.129.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
‘Shelving Disputes and Pursuing Joint Development’ (SDPJD) has for decades been China’s premier policy for resolving territorial disputes, especially those regarding islands. SDPJD is, however, commonly understood to be tripartite policy, in which ‘shelving disputes’ and ‘pursuing joint development’ are made conditional upon the principle of ‘sovereignty belongs to China’. Although SDPJD aims to peacefully settle China’s island territorial disputes in the East China Sea (Diaoyu Islands) and the South China Sea (Spratly Islands), the policy has not been particularly successful in practice. This is in part because, whereas ‘shelving disputes’ and ‘pursuing joint development’ are cooperative in nature, ‘sovereignty belongs to China’ is inherently confrontational. The prominence granted to ‘sovereignty belongs to China’ is linked to outmoded understanding of the concept of sovereignty and the tendency for Chinese scholars and officials to regard island territorial disputes as the zero-sum games. This paper argues that SDPJD’s success is dependent upon separating ‘sovereignty belongs to China’ from ‘shelving disputes’ and ‘pursuing joint development’ and perhaps abandoning the former principle entirely. China should pursue non-confrontation resolution to island territorial pursuits, especially in the contexts of efforts to develop a peaceful and cooperative 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road.
49
Thomas, Elizabeth Ruth, Guisella Gacitúa, Joel B. Pedro, Amy Constance Faith King, Bradley Markle, Mariusz Potocki i Dorothea Elisabeth Moser. "Physical properties of shallow ice cores from Antarctic and sub-Antarctic islands". Cryosphere 15, nr 2 (3.03.2021): 1173–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1173-2021.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract. The sub-Antarctic is one of the most data-sparse regions on earth. A number of glaciated Antarctic and sub-Antarctic islands have the potential to provide unique ice core records of past climate, atmospheric circulation, and sea ice. However, very little is known about the glaciology of these remote islands or their vulnerability to warming atmospheric temperature. Here we present melt histories and density profiles from shallow ice (firn) cores (14 to 24 m) drilled on three sub-Antarctic islands and two Antarctic coastal domes. Additionally, complementary ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data were collected to further characterize each site and assess the spatial distribution of the observed melt layers. This study includes the first ever firn cores from Bouvet Island (54∘25′19′′ S, 03∘23′27′′ E) in the South Atlantic, from Peter I Island (68∘51′05′′ S, 90∘30′35′′ W) in the Bellingshausen Sea, and from Young Island (66∘31′44′′ S, 162∘33′21′′ E) in the Ross Sea sector's Balleny island chain. Despite their sub-Antarctic location, surface melt is low at most sites (melt layers account for ∼ 10 % of total core), with undisturbed ice layers in the upper ∼ 40 m, suggesting minimal impact of meltwater percolation. The exception is Young Island, where melt layers account for 47 % of the firn core. Surface snow densities range from 0.47 to 0.52 kg m−3, with close-off depths ranging from 21 to 51 m. Based on the measured density, we estimate that the bottom ages of a 100 m ice core drilled on Peter 1 Island would reach ∼ 1856 CE and ∼ 1874 CE at Young Island.
50
Perkins, Edward J., Andrew R. Gorman, Emily J. Tidey, Gary S. Wilson, Christian Ohneiser, Christopher M. Moy, Christina R. Riesselman, Greer Gilmer i Ben S. Ross. "High-resolution seismic imaging reveals infill history of a submerged Quaternary fjord system in the subantarctic Auckland Islands, New Zealand". Quaternary Research 93 (28.10.2019): 255–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qua.2019.58.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
AbstractQuaternary processes and environmental changes are often difficult to assess in remote subantarctic islands due to high surface erosion rates and overprinting of sedimentary products in locations that can be a challenge to access. We present a set of high-resolution, multichannel seismic lines and complementary multibeam bathymetry collected off the eastern (leeward) side of the subantarctic Auckland Islands, about 465 km south of New Zealand's South Island. These data constrain the erosive and depositional history of the island group, and they reveal an extensive system of sediment-filled valleys that extend offshore to depths that exceed glacial low-stand sea level. Although shallow, marine, U-shaped valleys and moraines are imaged, the rugged offshore geomorphology of the paleovalley floors and the stratigraphy of infill sediments suggests that the valley floors were shaped by submarine fluvial erosion, and subsequently filled by lacustrine, fjord, and fluvial sedimentary processes.