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1
Ah-Wong, Wayne, i w. ah-wong@cqu edu au. "Living between cultures: Reflections of three Mackay Elders: Aboriginal, Torres Strait Island and South Sea Island residents in Mackay from the 1930s to 2000". Central Queensland University. Nulloo Yumbah, 2007. http://library-resources.cqu.edu.au./thesis/adt-QCQU/public/adt-QCQU20081005.163730.
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The Thesis explores the life situations of the three Mackay-based groups: Aboriginal, Torres Strait and South Sea Islander through oral history research and the lived experience of an Elder from each of these groups. Using a combination of oral and written approaches, the project seeks to document ongoing interactions between the three groups from the 1930s and assess their implications for culture, identity and mobility.
2
Chin, Chin Yoon. "Potential for conflict in the Spratly Islands". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2003. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/03Dec%5FChin.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2003.Thesis advisor(s): Gaye Christoffersen, Lyman Miller. Includes bibliographical references (p. 87-94). Also available online.
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Watcham, Emma Pearl. "Late Quaternary relative sea level change in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica". Thesis, Durham University, 2010. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/485/.
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Models have been inconsistent in their prediction of ice sheet volumes and extent over the Antarctic Peninsula and sub-Antarctic islands during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), and their contribution to sea level rise during subsequent deglaciation remains uncertain. The use of precise relative sea level (RSL) data offers great potential for inferring regional ice sheet histories, as well as helping to validate numerical models predicting future ice sheet evolution and RSL change. This thesis aims to elucidate the RSL history of the South Shetland Islands (SSIs), a sub-Antarctic archipelago peripheral to the northern Antarctic Peninsula ice sheet, by integrating evidence from isolation basins with geomorphological evidence from raised beaches. This will extend the only previously reported RSL curve from the area (Bentley et al., 2005a), which reveals a complex but poorly chronologically constrained RSL history. In addition, this work also aims to improve the understanding of the long-term tectonic influence on RSL change. Sediment cores were taken from five lakes on Fildes Peninsula, King George Island (eastern SSIs) at a range of altitudes above present sea level. Diatom, stable isotope (δ13C) and physical analyses of sediments revealed clear marine-lacustrine transitions in lakes below 16 m above mean sea level (amsl), with no marine signal above this altitude. Together with radiocarbon dates from raised beaches, a RSL curve was produced for the last 9500 14C yr BP. This curve shows a mid-Holocene RSL highstand at 15.5 m amsl between ca. 6150 and 6700 14C yr BP, preceded by a period of extremely rapid RSL rise and followed by more gradual RSL fall as a consequence of isostatic uplift in response to regional deglaciation. In addition, regional GPS surveys of raised beaches were conducted to assess the spatial pattern of glacio-isostatic rebound following deglaciation. The centre of uplift was found to closely coincide with the centre of the LGM ice sheet reconstructed by John and Sugden (1971). Beaches were modelled using polynomial trend surface analysis to constrain the spatial variability of isostatic uplift across the SSIs, which has enabled the regional extrapolation of the RSL curve across the archipelago. Finally, two independent approaches were taken to constrain the long-term tectonic uplift rate of the SSIs as 0.22-0.48 m/ka. Tectonic uplift contributes between 1.4 and 2.9 m to the reconstructed RSL highstand.
4
VAMVAKIDOU, MARIA. "WATER PROVISION FOR SMALL, ARID ISLANDS: FINDING SOLUTIONS FOR THE ISLANDS OF THE SOUTH AEGEAN SEA". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1085682506.
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Clayton, Jeffrey Scott Keirstead Christopher M. "Discourses of race and disease in British and American travel writing about the South Seas 1870-1915". Auburn, Ala., 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1996.
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Lo, Chi-kin. "China's policy towards territorial disputes : the case of the South China Sea Islands /". London : Routledge, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37481360m.
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Wu, Gina. "Deterrence in Gray Zone Conflicts: China’s Rise in the South China Sea". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/2060.
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The prominence of the South China Sea comes from its wealth of energy resources, fisheries, and maritime trade that traverses through its waters. These assets entice many southeast Asian countries to stake their claims over the features of the sea. In recent years, China’s rising power has allowed the country to increasingly assert its authority in the territory without much of an opposing force. Of the few actors that are capable of policing China’s actions, the United States is the most promising, yet has failed to meet international expectations.
Through two case studies and theoretical analysis, this thesis examines the failures of American deterrence policy through a two-part approach. First, it investigates the incident of the 2012 Scarborough Shoal standoff between the Philippines and China, analyzing the consequences of American policy failure. It then examines Chinese island reclamation efforts, and how the failures from the first case study can explain the new Chinese strategy and rationale behind Chinese activities. Lastly, the paper explores the deterrence theory and its applications to gray zone conflicts, pointing out components of successful deterrence in these types of engagements and why American deterrence policy was ineffective.
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Harrison, Sofie Alice. "The influence of seabird-derived nutrients on island ecosystems in the oligotrophic marine waters of south-western Australia". Connect to thesis, 2006. http://portal.ecu.edu.au/adt-public/adt-ECU2007.0010.html.
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Boothroyd, Adrienne L. "Owning the islands, China's move into the South China Sea; a study of Chinese foreign policy". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0019/MQ36398.pdf.
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Sun, Yali, i 孫亞莉. "Coral Sr, Mg/Sr and Mg/U thermometers and the retrieved SST record forthe last century: a case study using aporites coral from Xisha Island, South China Sea". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31244798.
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Chung, Christopher Humanities & Social Science Australian Defence Force Academy UNSW. "The Spratly Islands dispute : decision units and domestic politics". Awarded by:University of New South Wales - Australian Defence Force Academy. School of Humanities and Social Science, 2004. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/38658.
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This thesis presents a cross-national, cross-regime examination of foreign policy decision-making in the Spratly Islands dispute, focusing on China, Malaysia and the Philippines. It argues that how and why these countries have acted in particular ways towards the dispute relates to the relationship among foreign policy decision-making, government behaviour and domestic politics. The theoretical foundation of the study is foreign policy analysis. It applies the decision units approach advanced by Margaret and Charles Hermann and Joe Hagan to investigate who made foreign policy decisions on the Spratly Islands dispute in the three countries during the period 1991-2002, and how this influenced government behaviour. In addition, the contextual influence of domestic politics is considered. Four case studies inform the empirical analysis: the approaches taken by Malaysia and the Philippines to bolster their respective sovereignty claim, China???s establishment of a comprehensive maritime jurisdictional regime covering the Spratly Islands among other areas, China-Philippines contestation over Mischief Reef and the development of a regional instrument to regulate conduct in the South China Sea. Three conclusions are drawn. First, the decision units approach identifies the pivotal foreign policy decision-makers in each of the countries examined and the process involved. Second, it explains the relationship between decision unit characteristics -- self-contained or externally influenceable -- and each government???s behaviour towards the dispute. Injecting domestic politics into the analysis highlights motivations of and constraints faced by decision-makers, conditioning the form and content of government action. Third, it demonstrates a low predictive capability: the ???fit??? between hypothesised and actual government behaviour is poor. While it is not a comprehensive analytical tool, the combined decision units-domestic politics approach offers deeper insight into government decisions and behaviour on the Spratly Islands dispute than hitherto reported in the literature.
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Arribas-Douglas, Miramelinda Badri. "China's Response to Disputes in the South China and East China Seas". University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1449844399.
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Vinson, Charles Alexander. "Dwelling on wadmalaw landscape change and changing african american life ways on a south carolina sea island /". [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0003840.
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Bentley, Scott. "China's New Maritime Legal Enforcement Strategy in the South China Sea: Legal Warfare and an Emerging Contest Over Norms at Sea". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1352918934.
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Chung, Christopher. "The Spratly Islands dispute decision units and domestic politics /". [Canberra, Australia] : University of New South Wales, Australian Defence Force Academy, School of Humanities and Social Science, 2004. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/38658.
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Dall’Osso, Filippo <1977>. "Coastal flood vulnerability assessment with geomatic methods: Test sites of western Thailand, Sydney (Australia) and aeolian islands (south tyrrhenian sea, Italy)". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2010. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2484/.
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The work undertaken in this PhD thesis is aimed at the development and testing of an innovative methodology for the assessment of the vulnerability of coastal areas to marine catastrophic inundation (tsunami). Different approaches are used at different spatial scales and are applied to three different study areas:
1. The entire western coast of Thailand
2. Two selected coastal suburbs of Sydney – Australia
3. The Aeolian Islands, in the South Tyrrhenian Sea – Italy
I have discussed each of these cases study in at least one scientific paper: one paper about the Thailand case study (Dall’Osso et al., in review-b), three papers about the Sydney applications (Dall’Osso et al., 2009a; Dall’Osso et al., 2009b; Dall’Osso and Dominey-Howes, in review) and one last paper about the work at the Aeolian Islands (Dall’Osso et al., in review-a).
These publications represent the core of the present PhD thesis. The main topics dealt with are outlined and discussed in a general introduction while the overall conclusions are outlined in the last section.
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Hewitt, Adrian Michael. "Demographics of a seasonal aggregation of white sharks at Seal Island, False Bay, South Africa". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9196.
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Includes bibliographical references.White sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) are widely distributed, ecologically important marine apex predators that are considered to be vulnerable to extinction. Given their crucial roles in structuring marine ecosystems, their populations need to be effectively monitored. Photo-identification provides a standardised, non-lethal method of assessing the population dynamics of extant species and provides live-encounter mark-recapture and data that are essential for management and conversation. White sharks occur throughout South African coastal waters but their centre of abundance is the Western Cape, where large sharks predominate at aggregation sites like Seal Island, False Bay. This study documents inter- and intra-seasonal trends in mean sighting rates and sex ratios of white sharks at Seal Island, and provides mark-recapture data that are used to estimate proportions of "resident" and "transient" white sharks, their size-distribution and maturity composition.
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Jewell, Oliver Joseph David. "Foraging ecology of white sharks Carcharodon carcharias at Dyer Island, South Africa". Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30926.
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Dyer Island is thought to host one of the most abundant populations of
white sharks on the planet; this is often credited to the large (55 – 60,000) Cape fur
seal colony at Geyser Rock. Yet relatively little work has ever been produced from
the area. This may be attributed to the harshness in its location as a study site, exposed
to wind and swell from west to east which limits research periods. This study
accounts for over 220 hrs of manual tracking at Dyer Island with a further 68 added
from the inshore shallow areas of the bay. Sharks focused their movements and
habitat use to reefs or channels that allowed access to Cape fur seals. Movement-
Based Kernel Estimates (MKDE) were used to compute home range estimates for
shark movements through and around the heterogeneous structures of Dyer Island and
Geyser Rock. Inshore two core areas were revealed, one being the major reef system
at Joubertsdam and the other at a kelp reef where the tracked shark had fed on a Cape
fur seal. At Dyer Island one core area was identified in a narrow channel, ‘Shark
Alley’, here a second tracked shark foraged for entire days within meters of rafting
Cape fur seals.
Rate of Movement (ROM) and Linearity (LI) of tracks were low during daytime and
movements were focused around areas such as Shark Alley or other areas close to the
seal colony before moving into deeper water or distant reefs with higher rates of ROM
and LI at night. If moonlight was strong foraging would take place to the south of
Geyser Rock but with higher ROM and LI than observed during the day. Foraging
patterns in this study contrast studies from other sites in South Africa and home range
and activity areas were comparatively much smaller than observed in Mossel Bay. It has been established that several known white sharks forage at Dyer Island and the
other studied aggregation sites, such differences in foraging would suggest that they
are able to adapt their foraging behaviour to suit the environment they are in; making
them site specific in their foraging ecology.
Both satellite and acoustic telemetry are revealing aggregation hotspots of white
sharks in South Africa. It is important that such information is used to assist the
recovery of the species which has been protected since 1991, yet is rarely considered
in planning of coastal developments.Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Zoology and Entomology
MSc
Unrestricted
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Hammerschlag, Neil. "Factors Affecting Predatory Success of White Sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) at Seal Island in False Bay, South Africa". NSUWorks, 2004. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/119.
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The present study identifies 12 biotic and abiotic factors that affect the frequency and success rate of predatory attacks by white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) on Cape fur seals (Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus) at Seal Island in False Bay, South Africa. These factors (with particulars of greatest frequency and success identified in parentheses) are: time of daily seal movement about Seal Island (early morning), seal entry and exit points (southern terminus of Island), time of day in which attacks occur (early morning), total length of attacking shark (3.1 – 3.5 m), seal age class (juvenile), direction of seal locomotion relative to the Island (inbound), seal group size (single), location of predatory strikes (≤400 m from shore), water depth (26 – 30 m), abovesurface light intensity (low, - ≤200 μE) and wind direction (NN to NE). These factors support a white shark’s need for encountering its prey, remaining cryptic during approach and launching a vertical, undetected attack, resulting in a fatal initial strike. Specific factors affecting the frequency of white shark predation at Seal Island (prey age class, distance from island, and depths at which attacks range) are similar to those identified at the Farallon Islands, off California; however, most (time of year, time of day, prey group size, prey mass, location relative to the Island, distance from Island, depth, wind direction, prey movement, shark size and light intensity) are different or have not been identified. Seven factors affecting predatory success rate were identified at Seal Island (time of day, depth, prey group size, light intensity, location of attacks relative to island, wind direction, and distance from island); factors affecting white shark predatory success has not been assessed at the Farallons. Therefore, it is inappropriate to draw generalizations about white shark predatory behavior based on a single site.
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George, Adrienne. "Characterizing Gross Lesions in Corals on Fringing Reefs of Taiwan and Hainan Island, China". Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6705.
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Visible lesions on coral colonies are potential indicators that environmental stressors are influencing a reef. To test this hypothesis, pairs of near-shore reefs on Taiwan were surveyed along an anthropogenically influenced gradient that included locations near the cities of Taipei and Taitung, and more remote reefs off Green Island. Two fringing reefs at Sanya, Hainan Island, a popular Chinese resort area, were also assessed. Field surveys were undertaken to detect, quantify and visually describe the occurrence of lesions at each site. Coral mucus samples were collected from both normal-appearing polyps and lesion-afflicted areas of colonies to assess carbon requirements of associated microbes. Tissue samples were also collected to identify bacterial communities inhabiting healthy tissue for comparison with those associated with lesions; denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and 16S rRNA sequencing for bacterial identification were utilized in these analyses. In addition, tissue samples were collected in the vicinity of lesions and prepared for histological examination.
At sites in Taiwan, lesions were encountered twice as often at the sites near Taipei and Taitung than at Green Island. The fewest (15/72 sightings) lesions were encountered at the reefs near Sanya, primarily because there has been nearly an 80% loss of coral cover at Sanya in recent decades. Overall, tissue loss was the most common lesion recorded (52%), followed by pink discoloration (27%) and color loss (i.e., bleaching, 15%). Porites was the taxon most commonly observed with one or more lesions (45% of sightings). Microbes within mucus from lesioned areas utilized similar carbon sources as microbes from mucus from healthy polyps, but utilized those sources more than twice as often. Examples of carbon sources utilized by microbes in >50% of the lesion samples were D-cellobiose, D-mannitol, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, alpha-cyclodextrin, and glycogen. Bacterial assemblages on corals were significantly different between Taiwan and China, among sites, and between water samples and coral samples, but not between healthy samples and lesions. Bacterial sequences identified in tissue samples from lesions revealed the presence of well-known disease-related genera, such as Clostridium and Vibrio. Microbes specifically indicating anthropogenic sources, included Bacillus sp. (sewage sludge) and Geobacillus thermolevorans (irritable bowel syndrome). Histological examination of tissue samples, particularly those from lesions characterized as tissue loss, revealed fragmentation and detachment from the mesoglea of gastrodermis and epidermis, as well as brown granular material, and the presence of ciliates and small crustaceans.
Corals are susceptible to a variety of diseases. For reefs in the western Atlantic and Caribbean, occurrences of lesions and characterization of coral diseases have been relatively well documented. In contrast, many areas in the vast Indo-Pacific, including the reefs of Taiwan and China, have received much less attention. This study of lesions and associated microbiomes on nearshore reefs of Taiwan and Hainan Island supports previous research that has revealed higher incidences of coral lesions and disease in reefs near extensive human populations. The results also support the hypothesis that many of the microbes associated with coral lesions are part of the natural coral microbiome and that some microbes can become opportunistic when the host corals are stressed.
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Denny, Martin Anthony. "Regional strategic considerations in the Spratly Islands dispute". Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18061515.
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Swarbrick, Matthew Lewis. "Estimating the distribution of demand for Antarctic krill (Euphauisa superba) from land-based predators at South Georgia". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/335.
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South Georgia is renowned for the abundance of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) and a range of krill predators. Variability in krill availability at a range of scales, and the consequences of this for predator-prey interactions, mean that quantifying the spatially explicit demand for krill by those predators is essential to understanding the mechanisms underlying ecosystem changes in the region. In this thesis demand within a distinct study box to the northwest of the island has been assessed. The thesis has three sections; (1) the number of predators; (2) the distribution of predators; and (3) the demand for krill by those predators. (1) Predator densities with confidence intervals were determined from appropriately designed shipboard transect survey; counts of Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella), macaroni penguins (Eudyptes chrysolophus), gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua), and Antarctic prions (Pachyptila desolata) were adjusted for sea state, distance from observer and dive behaviour. Providing the first at-sea predator density estimates for the region. (2) A comparison of the distribution of female Antarctic fur seals engaged in pup-rearing (using satellite telemetry) and the whole population that were not restricted to a single part of the population (from shipboard transect survey) was undertaken. Using two general additive models based on the relationship between seal distribution (one derived from transect and the other from telemetry) and the physical environment indicated that the spatial distribution of lactating females is representative of the general population. (3) Using the derived predator density, the local krill demand estimate was 2581 tonnes krill per day, a consumption rate of 0.45% per day of the concurrently estimated krill biomass (using shipboard acoustics). Antarctic fur seals accounted for 75% of this demand. This level of demand was less than the increase in biomass resulting from krill growth. However, based on the length-specific demand, determined from concurrent predator diet samples demand exceeded growth for krill >48mm.
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Bel, Carine. "Mémoire et identité dans les récits de vie des insulaires australiens du pacifique sud : une lutte pour la reconnaissance". Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MON30050.
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Cette étude reconsidère les récits de vie d’auteurs méconnus issus de la communauté des Insulaires australiens du Pacifique Sud dans une perspective postcoloniale. Elle se concentre sur leur expérience de déplacement et de relocalisation telle qu’elle est racontée dans les récits en lien avec la mémoire. Cette thèse avance que ces récits constituent une littérature de résistance et contribue dans leur ensemble à une plus large reconnaissance de leur communauté. Les Insulaires australiens se définissent comme les descendants d’Insulaires en provenance de Mélanésie principalement (Vanuatu et îles Salomon), engagés sous contrat (« Kanakas ») pour travailler dès 1863 dans les plantations de canne à sucre du Queensland dans des conditions proches de l’esclavage. Les souvenirs personnels des auteurs présentés, Faith Bandler, Noel Fatnowna, Mabel Edmund et Jacqui Wright associée à Francis Wimbis, de même que ceux de leurs ancêtres kidnappés, victimes du « blackbirding », mettent en lumière une histoire commune de souffrance, de discrimination mais aussi de survie et d’adaptation qui servit de base à la création d’une identité commune inédite en dépit de leurs diverses origines géographiques. Bien que leur existence ait fait l’objet d’une d’une reconnaissance officielle, cette identité inscrite sur le papier n’est pas aussi fixe et unique qu’il n’y paraît : elle s’intègre dans un réseau d’identités-relations maintenues en interaction constante par le travail mémoriel qui, dans les récits insulaires, opère à la fois comme stratégie de résistance à l’oubli et comme processus d’identification. A la fois ancrées en des lieux et déterritorialisées, ces identités dynamiques évoluent à la manière d’un rhizome et inscrivent les Insulaires australiens sur une carte plus large des populations diasporiques déplacéesThis dissertation reconsiders the life narratives of unrecognised writers belonging to the Australian South Sea Islander community from a postcolonial perspective. It concentrates on their experience of dispersion and relocation as related by memory and recounted in narrative. This thesis argues that these narratives constitute a literature of resistance and contribute as a body of work, to a larger recognition of their community. Australian South Sea Islanders define themselves as the descendants of Islanders who mainly came from Melanesia (Vanuatu, Solomon Islands) and were indentured to work on the sugar cane plantations of Queensland from 1863 to 1904 in slave-like conditions. The personal memories of the authors under study, Faith Bandler, Noel Fatnowna, Mabel Edmund and Jacqui Wright in association with Francis Wimbis, as well as those of their abducted ancestors, victims of « blackbirding », shed light on a common history of suffering, discrimination but also survival and adaptation which enabled them to create a new common identity despite their various geographical origins. Although their existence has been officially recognised, this identity, as written on paper, is not as fixed and unique as it seems: it is part of a network of identités-relations which, in the case of Australian South Sea Islanders’ narratives, are maintained in constant interaction by the work of memory that operates as a strategy of resistance against oblivion and as a process of identification. In being both rooted and deterritorialised, these dynamic identities are evolving in the same way as a rhizome would and they inscribe Australian South Sea Islanders on a larger map of diasporic displaced people
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Page, Brad, i page bradley@saugov sa gov au. "Niche partitioning among fur seals". La Trobe University. Zoology Department, School of Life Sciences, 2005. http://www.lib.latrobe.edu.au./thesis/public/adt-LTU20060622.153716.
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At Cape Gantheaume, Kangaroo Island (South Australia), adult male, lactating female
and juvenile New Zealand (NZ) and Australian fur seals regularly return to the same
colony, creating the potential for intra- and inter-specific foraging competition in nearby
waters. I hypothesised that these demographic groups would exhibit distinct foraging
strategies, which reduce competition and facilitate their coexistence. I analysed the diet
of adult male, adult female and juvenile NZ fur seals and adult male Australian fur seals
and studied the diving behaviour of adult male and lactating female NZ fur seals and the
at-sea movements of juvenile, adult male and lactating female NZ fur seals. Female diet
reflected that of a generalist predator, influenced by prey availability and their
dependant pups� fasting abilities. In contrast, adult male NZ and Australian fur seals
used larger and more energy-rich prey, most likely because they could more efficiently
access and handle such prey. Juvenile fur seals primarily utilised small lantern fish,
which occur south of the shelf break, in pelagic waters. Juveniles undertook the longest
foraging trips and adult males conducted more lengthy trips than lactating females,
which perform relatively brief trips in order to regularly nurse their pups. Unlike lactating
females, some adult males appeared to rest underwater by performing dives that were
characterised by a period of passive drifting through the water column. The large body
sizes of adult males and lactating females facilitated the use of both benthic and pelagic
habitats, but adult males dived deeper and for longer than lactating females, facilitating
vertical separation of their foraging habitats. Spatial overlap in foraging habitats among
the age/sex groups was minimal, because lactating females typically utilised continental
shelf waters and males used deeper water over the shelf break, beyond female foraging
grounds. Furthermore, juveniles used pelagic waters, up to 1000 km south of the
regions used by lactating females and adult males. The age and sex groups in this
study employed dramatically different strategies to maximise their survival and
reproductive success. Their prey and foraging habitats are likely to be shaped by body
size differences, which determine their different physiological constraints and metabolic
requirements. I suggest that these physiological constraints and the lactation
constraints on females are the primary factors that reduce competition, thereby
facilitating niche partitioning.
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Stewardson, Carolyn Louise, i carolyn stewardson@anu edu au. "Biology and conservation of the Cape (South African) fur seal Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus (Pinnipedia: Otariidae) from the Eastern Cape Coast of South Africa". The Australian National University. Faculty of Science, 2002. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20030124.162757.
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[For the Abstract, please see the PDF files below, namely "front.pdf"] CONTENTS. Chapter 1 Introduction. Chapter 2 Gross and microscopic visceral anatomy of the male Cape fur seal with reference to organ size and growth. Chapter 3 Age determination and growth in the male Cape fur seal: part one, external body. Chapter 4 Age determination and growth in the male Cape fur seal: part two, skull. Chapter 5 Age determination and growth in the male Cape fur seal: part three, baculum. Chapter 6 Suture age as an indicator of physiological age in the male Cape fur seal. Chapter 7 Sexual dimorphism in the adult Cape fur seal: standard body length and skull morphology. Chapter 8 Reproduction in the male Cape fur seal: age at puberty and annual cycle of the testis. Chapter 9 Diet and foraging behaviour of the Cape fur seal. Chapter 10(a) The Impact of the fur seal industry on the distribution and abundance of Cape fur seals. Chapter 10(b) South African Airforce wildlife rescue: Cape fur seal pups washed from Black Rocks, Algoa Bay, during heavy seas, December 1976. Chapter 11(a) Operational interactions between Cape fur seals and fisheries: part one, trawl fishing. Chapter 11(b) Operational interactions between Cape fur seals and fisheries: part two, squid jigging and line fishing. Chapter 11(c) Operational interactions between Cape fur seals and fisheries: part three, entanglement in man-made debris. Chapter 12 Concentrations of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni & Zn) and organochlorine contaminants (PCBs, DDT, DDE & DDD) in the blubber of Cape fur seals. Chapter 13 Endoparasites of the Cape fur seal. Chapter 14(a) Preliminary investigations of shark predation on Cape fur seals. Chapter 14(b) Aggressive behaviour of an adult male Cape fur seal towards a great white shark Carcharodon carcharias. Chapter 15 Conclusions and future directions.
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De, Vos Alta. "Anti-predator behaviour of Cape fur seals Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus in relation to predation by white sharks Carcharodon carcharias around Seal Island, False Bay, South Africa". Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10423.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 161-202).How predators affect the behaviour of their prey is one of the most studied subjects in behavioural ecology, with many hypothesis and models explaining how animals should behave and even more descriptive studies detailing how they do. The unification of the empirical with the theoretical, however, remains limited. The overall aim of my thesis was to address this paucity at Seal Island, South Africa, where recently quantified patterns of predation pressure by white sharks Carcharodon carcharias on Cape fur seals Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus suggested a landscape of fear particularly apposite to this.
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Steuer, Stephan [Verfasser], Jonas [Akademischer Betreuer] Kley, Dieter [Gutachter] Franke, Manuel [Gutachter] Pubellier i David [Gutachter] Hindle. "The development of the Dangerous Grounds and Palawan Island in the southeastern part of the South China Sea, deduced from carbonate formations / Stephan Steuer ; Gutachter: Dieter Franke, Manuel Pubellier, David Hindle ; Betreuer: Jonas Kley". Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1181427355/34.
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McKenzie, Jane, i janemckenzie@malpage com. "Population demographics of New Zealand fur seals (Arctocephalus forsteri)". La Trobe University. Zoology Department, School of Life Sciences, 2006. http://www.lib.latrobe.edu.au./thesis/public/adt-LTU20080509.121141.
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Assessment of trophic interactions between increasing populations of New Zealand fur seals (Arctocephalus forsteri) and fisheries in southern Australia is limited due to a lack of species specific demographic data and an understanding of the factors influencing population growth. To establish species specific demographic parameters a cross-sectional sample of New Zealand fur seal females (330) and males (100) were caught and individually-marked on Kangaroo Island, South Australia between 2000 and 2003. The seals were aged through examination of a postcanine tooth, which was removed from each animal to investigate age-specific life-history parameters. Annual formation of cementum layers was confirmed and accuracy in age estimation was determined by examination of teeth removed from individuals of known-age. Indirect methods of assessing reproductive maturity based on mammary teat characteristics indicated that females first gave birth between 4-8 years of age, with an average age at reproductive maturity of 5 years. Among reproductively mature females, age-specific reproductive rates increased rapidly between 4-7 years of age, reaching maximum rates of 70-81% between 8-13 years, and gradually decreased in older females. No females older than 22 years were recorded to pup. Age of first territory tenure in males ranged from 8-10 years. The oldest female and male were 25 and 19 years old, respectively. Post-weaning growth in females was monophasic, characterised by high growth rates in length and mass during the juvenile growth stage, followed by a gradual decline in growth rates after reproductive maturity. In contrast, growth in males was biphasic and displayed a secondary growth spurt in both length and mass, which coincided with sexual and social maturation, followed by a rapid decline in growth rates. Age-specific survival rates were high (0.823-0.953) among prime-age females (8-13 yrs of age) and declined in older females. Relative change in annual pup production was strongly correlated with reproductive rates of prime-age females and adult female survival between breeding seasons.
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Sung, Gordon K. "The South Terminal Visiting Center, at Sea Island". Thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/8400.
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The South Terminal Visiting Center, aside from its programmatic purpose to educate and entertain, intends to
use its form to draw a parallel relationship with the contents of the museum to the tectonics of the aircraft,
bridging the gap between architecture for industry and architecture for art.
Building Concept- the Hanger
Aside from sprawling lawns and concrete runways, aprons and taxis, the aircraft does not belong to any
particular physical place except in the air. Hangar, perhaps, is the closest formal typology associated with
airplanes. Oftentimes, the word hangar conjures up the notion of an airplane garage or storage. Hangar is often
favored as the basic formal unit for industrial purposes because it offers structural efficiency and large volume of
open space. The intent is to utilize the hangar-like space that connects to other amenities and facilities in a
clear and coherent manner.
Siting and Orientation
The frontages of the existing neighboring buildings, as well as the direction of the traffic flow determine siting of
the Visiting Center. The grid system and the edges of the Visiting Center echo the edges of the Vancouver Jet
Center and the Canadian Air Building. The connection of the vehicular routes and the turnout of the Dinsmore Bridge naturally suggest a visual as well as physical connection to South Terminal Airport. Entry of the building would be more relevant to be placed here than at the water's edge. The shape of the site suggests a linear east
to west configuration of form.
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Bong, Youngshik D. "Flashpoints at sea? legitimization strategy and East Asian island disputes /". 2002. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/55693088.html.
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Hoyt, Mark A. "Sino-Vietnamese interests collide in the South China Sea a case study of the disputed Paracel and Spratly Archipelagos /". 1994. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/32935458.html.
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CHIU, PO-CHENG, i 邱博政. "Implication of PRC’s Construction in the South China Sea Island Reef by Rimland Theory". Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9tc292.
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碩士國防大學
中共軍事事務研究所
107
From the perspective of the world map, it can be found that the South China Sea has important geostrategic value. It’s not only a key area connecting the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean, but also Chinas foundation from land power country to marine powers. The reason why the South China Sea has become China’s core interest, in addition to territorial sovereignty declaration and rich resources, more important is the function of the sea line of communication(SLOC) and its impact on Chinas military strategy, therefore, the South China Sea and the island have always been the objects of competition. Since 2014, China has used its self-designed dredgers to artificial land at seven island reefs such as the Fiery Cross Reef in the Spratly Islands at amazing efficiency, forming a giant artificial island. In recent years, in addition to providing civilian demand on the island, it has continued to strengthen military construction such as runways, ports and radar communication systems. Such behavior not only poses a threat to neighboring countries, but also causes opposition from the U.S. and other countries that have interests in the South China Sea. Although China emphasize sovereignty over the Spratly Islands and the South China Sea, however, after the militarization of the island reef, it will change the political, military and pattern of the South China Sea. “The Geography of the Peace” is the geostrategic literature of American geopolitical scholar Nicholas Spykman, the literature analyzes how geography affects foreign policy and military strategy. This study will analyze the role of the South China Sea in Chinas territorial sovereignty, economy, trade, diplomacy and military from "Rimland Theory" And the impact of China’s reclamation and militarization on this basis. At the same time, it analyzes the key influence of military presence, forward base and ocean transportation on Chinas development and the future strategic layout of the South China Sea.
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Huang, Ying-Ping, i 黃盈萍. "A Study on the Application of Regime of Islands in South China Sea Disputes Resolution". Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29669390109208386097.
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碩士國立臺灣師範大學
政治學研究所
102
South China Sea has become the focus of Asian areas recently; especially the island disputes in this area involved marine resources, national sovereignty, and the division of sea and so on. It is not only conflicts among claimants but also interventions from international forces. This research is mainly about the principles and judicial cases of “The Regime of Islands” and “full sovereignty” in international law. The controversial content of UNCLOS number 121 was reviewed, followed by classical cases related to the sovereignty of islands in the South China Sea, and finally the analysis of numerous disputes. The research finding indicates the first criterion of natural environment in“The Regime of Islands”less controversial, and the third criterion about human habitation and economy norms was unclear and lack of consensus. The second criterion of the ownership of territorial or economical sea was directly influenced by the third. The central recognition of “The Regime of Islands” lies in effective control within the critical date. What has been done after the critical date does not matter. So the critical date and effective control should act as the guidelines simultaneously. The disputes in South China Sea contain some grey areas, especially in the definition of “human habitation” and “economy life”. This part requires international law to clarify and regulate. As for the sovereignty of islands in the South China Sea, countries involved do not reach any consensus currently. Yet Taiwan has been excluded, so our country needs to stand out for the sovereignty of Taiping Island through long-term negotiation so that solution can be reached. Finally, this research proposed to through the regulation of first and third criteria, it is possible to limit the ownership of territorial or economical sea of the second criterion, drawing from economy back to sovereignty issue. Hopefully this can lessen the conflicts of territorial sea, and make the claimants reconsider the possibility of compromise and cooperation.
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Chuang, Sung-Leng, i 莊松棱. "Distribution and Activities of Igneous Bodies in the Continental Margin South of the Dongsha Island, Northern South China Sea". Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/89742556611479875229.
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碩士臺灣大學
海洋研究所
98
This research used multi-channel seismic reflection data（collected from OR1 840 and OR1 883）and magnetic anomaly data（from cruise MD162 and the gridded Magnetic Anomaly Map of East Asia compiled by the Geological Survey of Japan in 1996）to probe the distribution of igneous bodies in the continental margin and deep sea basin of the northern South China sea south of the Dongsha Island. We also utilized borehole data from ODP Leg 184 to provide age constraints of the sedimentary layers and propose the ages of various igneous activities based on the relationships of magma intrusion and sediment deposition. This study has identified up to 60 igneous bodies from the seismic reflection profiles used. Among them, 7 igneous bodies are distributed in the upper continental slope, 28 igneous bodies are distributed in the lower continental slope, and 25 igneous bodies are distributed in the deep sea basin area. Magmatic activities can be grouped into four stages. The first stage occurred in the early Oligocene when the South China Sea began to rift. The second stage occurred in early Miocene when the South China Sea was spreading. The third stage occurred in late Miocene when the South China Sea just ceased opening. The magmatic activity of the fourth stage took place in Quaternary Period. We thus suggest that the continental margin of the north South China Sea is regarded as a “volcanic rifted margin”, the high velocity materials in the lower crust reported from seismic refraction studies were formed during the South China Sea expansion period through underplating processes, and distributed beneath the continent slope along the whole northern South China Sea continental margin. After the seafloor spreading ceased, another magmatic event occurred in the eastern portion of the continental margin that thickened high velocity material of the lower crust south of the Dongsha Island.
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Tang, Shiu-Chu, i 唐旭初. "To Study the Law Status ROC in the South China Sea Islands by International Law's View". Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/41478353767686932148.
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Lai, Chien-Chih, i 賴建志. "A Study on the Legal Status of Taiping Island─Focus on The South China Sea Arbitration". Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/marq27.
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碩士中央警察大學
水上警察研究所
105
Since the judgment of The South China Sea Arbitration was confirmed, the domestic public opinion ran high, and the standard of the arbitration court was questioned. The arbitrators didn’t seem to understand the real state of Itu Aba Fully. They believed what the Philippines said and handed out. In order to understand the case, we have to check the standard of the case and what the Philippines’ positions are . When it come to how to define islands, we must have a discussion about the regime of islands. We focus on 1982 the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, look over its legislative reason and analyze the element of the island and definition. After Understanding the definition of the island, we have a discussion about the right of the island and how we deal with the problem of overlapping the area among the countries, and what roles the island act, what the influence is and various factors we have to take into consideration. After understanding tentatively, we can carry on the discussion about the arbitrating case of the South China Sea. We will discuss the position of the Philippines, People’s republic of China and Republic of China, and how they prove the legal status of Itu Aba. The arbitral tribunal’s position is also important, which will influence how we define the legal status of an island. Itu Aba is judged as a rock, which means that Itu Aba doesn’t have its own exclusive economic zone and continental shelf, and that seriously infringes our country’s sovereignty right. So if Itu Aba is judged as an island, what will we obtain? For example, we can have our own exclusive economic zone and continental shelf, which provide us the right of managing and exploiting the petroleum and fisheries resources. Besides, the fast development of People’s republic of China make the countries around east and south-east Asia. What steps People’s republic of China will take is concerned by those countries. Lastly, like Itu Aba, Okinotorisima of Japan also has the same problem about its legal status. How it will be judged is probably influenced by the case of Itu Aba. So Okinotorisima of Japan is an island or a rock,which is worth thinking deeply. No matter how it’s defined, the result will have a huge impact on the area of Asia and the Pacific Ocean.
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Huang, Yung-Shiang, i 黃永翔. "A Study upon the Legal Status of the Taiping Island after the South China Sea Arbitration". Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/734qpt.
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碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
海洋法律研究所
106
The South China Sea is rich in resources and located in the transportation hubs between the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean. The neighboring countries all want to transfer the South China Sea into the territorial sea of their country. Philippines submitted the dispute to arbitration on the grounds of the Huang-yan Island, and it was accepted and heard by the arbitral tribunal. Since the arbitration judgment of the South China Sea Arbitration Case was announced, public opinions have been magnified to examine the interests of the country, and Taiwan generally believes that the arbitration tribunal should not accept the South China Sea arbitration case from the beginning. Even it is accepted, all evidences should be considered. Except that there is no actual understanding of the actual conditions of Taiping Island, the judgment is judged only by adopting one-sided statement of Philippines. Therefore, for understanding the deduction of arbitration judgment, this study resaerch Philippines’ claims and the South China Sea Arbitration Case's criteria for determining the island to know The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea （UNCLOS）, Article 121 of the norms and history. This study is based on the historical facts of Taiping Island, and discussed with the regime of islands established in the 1982 "United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea", to observed its legislative reasons and analyzed the formation and definition of the island elements. After understanding the definition of islands, we will further explore the island’s rights to the seas and the island’s role, its influence, and various factors when it comes to the overlapping of maritime rights between countries. In accordance with the historical background and history of Article 121 of the 1982 UNCLOS, the South China Sea arbitration case was reviewed. However, Taiping Island is not a dispute point in the South China Sea arbitration case. The arbitral tribunal made a comprehensive interpretation in the arbitration judgment. In the judgment, Taiping Island was identified as a rock reef and could not enjoy the rights of exclusive economic sea areas and continental reefs. This arbitration judgment has seriously affected Taiwan’s right to exercise Taiping Island. What is the legal status of Taiping Island ? It mainly involves the concept of uncertainty in natural resources, navigational rights and island regime . On the legal level, the regime of islands has been clearly explained in the South China Sea arbitration case, which can clarify the issue of island controversy that has been controversial for a long time. On the political level, natural resources are related to the development of the country and the extension of sovereignty. Taiwan advocates the historical rights of the South China Sea. The sovereignty and legal status of the South China Sea resources and islands and reefs are of considerable legal and political significance to Taiwan. China also claims sovereignty with historic rights. After the South China Sea arbitration case was announced, The attitudes and circumstances with China, Philippines and other neighboring countries regarding the South China Sea arbitration case will affect the stability of the East Asia region. This study puts forward Taiwan’s practice on Taiping Island through the reaction and impact of the United States, the Philippines, and China on the South China Sea arbitration case.
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Loureiro, Clara Ângela Magalhães. "Microbial planktonic communities characterization in sea surface waters at South of Pico Island, using molecular techniques". Bachelor's thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.3/209.
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Relatório de Estágio da Licenciatura em Biologia MarinhaEven though about 70% of the Earth is covered by the connected water mass of the global ocean, and despite the paramount importance of microbial plankton for the functioning of the marine ecosystem, global perspectives on diversity and distribution of these organisms have been largely overlooked. This work here present is integrated in DEECON, LAMAR and CIMBA interdisciplinary projects. The main focus of this work was to determine microplanktonic diversity patterns for the south of Pico Island region (Azores archipelago, NE Atlantic) and to relate these with local dynamics. The sampling effort was concentrated on south of Pico Island (38.5o-37.8o N, 27.5o-29.0o W), a main «coastal». target region for DEECON since it harbors a black scabbardfish population (Aphanopus intermedius). Thus far, there is no obvious reasoning for this deep water fish habitat isolation within south of Pico Island basin. The present work was developed in an attempt to improve our knowledge on the unique oceanographic characteristics of this area using microbial community fingerprinting as an indicator of surface waters dynamics that might shape environmental partition within the area. For this, surface water samples were collected during 2007 and 2008 cruises. These samples were filtered and preserved onboard the R/V «Arquipélago». The microbial community diversity was assessed using a molecular phylogenetic approach based on partial 16S rDNAs, screened using molecular methods like DGGE. As a major outcome of this work three distinct biogeographical provinces are proposed based on multiple lines of evidence (Archaea distribution pattern, Bacteria microplanktonic community structure, and unicellular Eukarya richness). These provinces include 1) south of Pico Island, south eastern Agulha do Sul (Gigante) seamount, and southern Cavala seamount. 2) Northwestern Agulha do Sul (Gigante), Cavala (except southern Cavala) and Northern Monte Alto seamount area. 3) Voador and Monte Alto (with exception of northern Monte Alto) seamount.
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Lien, Yu Cheng, i 連昱程. "Construction of islands from reefs in the South China Sea by Mainland China —Air space effectiveness perspective". Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/gg6my9.
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碩士國防大學
法律學系
105
Identification of traditional international law on the sovereignty, from land to sea, this manner, had widespread international recognition, but with the development of science and technology, man's living space has gradually by means of terrestrial, marine transportation, morphed into a convenient, fast air times. Determination and maintenance of national sovereignty, must take into account the characteristics of the aircraft, restored the definition and maintenance of way, except on the issue of the South China Sea, appear not to have seen related to space law point of view on the construction of Chinese Communist Party in the South Sea of subsequent political motives. Furthermore Yu borders sovereignty jurisdiction divided disposal in the, Yu land, and marine, of specification phase more Yu space of specification more clear, such as borders delineation principles, and territorial waters category, and exclusive economic zone domain heavy Diego of divided, can using technology and positioning draw, this is a on plane location of defined, so space is cannot with cutting delimitation of way calibration, about space sovereignty disputes resolve, for a urgently research important of subject. County is now on reclamation in a South China Sea Island aviation, marine navigation equipment sufficient, now the international court instances, like effective permissions have been made. As announced in the area air defense identification zone, air overlooking the entire South China sea areas for which you have this problem, in the discussion on the South China Sea, and rarely instituted, and was closely related to the maintenance of China's sovereignty over the South China Sea. Using the airspace effective angle of cross comparison of theory and practice, China city, fill in the Spratlys reef Island built political and legal implications, for my strategic research on development of the South China Sea.
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Hu, Chung-Han, i 胡中瀚. "Opening of the south China sea since oligocene in relation to the evolution of Nansha reef islands". Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/50113172395497583497.
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Huang, Shih-Zhe, i 黃士哲. "Water-soluble nitrogen in dry deposition in a remote island (Dongsha) of the northern South China Sea". Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9652nz.
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碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
海洋環境資訊系
106
In this study, we collected and analyzed particulate aerosol samples from Dongsha Island, which is a remote island located north of the South China Sea (SCS). From April 2007 until March 2009, 240 total suspended particle (TSP) samples were collected over a 2-year period and were analyzed to examine the major ions and water-soluble nitrogen species. The concentrations of water-soluble ions in aerosols over the Dongsha Island show a strong seasonal variation which the relative high concentrations are found in northeast monsoon seasons (autumn to spring), and the low concentrations in southwest monsoon season (summer). The mean concentration of the water-soluble total nitrogen (WSTN) is 217±115 nmol m-3. The water-soluble inorganic nitrogen (WSIN) and water-soluble organic nitrogen (WSON) accounted for approximately 61±15% and 39±15% of the WSTN, with mean concentrations of 132±88 and 85±46 nmol m-3. The ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3-) accounted for 59±14% and 41±14% of the WSIN, with mean concentrations of 78.4±67.3 and 54.3±28.7 nmol m-3. The calculation results of molar ratios between NH4 and nss-SO42- reveal that the atmosphere over the study area suffer from heavy acidic ion species. The compound of sulfate in aerosol is probably in the form of NH4HSO4. Among all the inorganic species, sea salt (NaCl) is a major contributor to the water-soluble inorganic ions, the evaluation of Cl-/Na+ ratios in aerosols indicates a strong chloride deficient under the northeast monsoon seasons. Regarding the dry deposition fluxes, the NH4+ (2.5±2.1 mmol m-2 yr-1) and NO3- (21±11 mmol m-2 yr-1) accounted for 11% and 89% of the WSIN, respectively, and the WSON (27±15 mmol m-2 yr-1) and WSIN (23±13 mmol m-2 yr-1) accounted for 54% and 46% of the WSTN, respectively. Using the ratio of carbon and nitrogen in the Redfied ratio (6.625), we estimated that the new production at Dongsha Island (0.52~0.81 mmol C m-2 day-1) which can contribute 5.58~8.74% of new production in the surface water of northern South China Sea (9.24 mmol C m-2 day-1).
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Lathan, Rhea Estelle. "Writing a wrong : a case of African American adult literacy action on the South Carolina Sea Islands, 1957-1962 /". 2006. http://www.library.wisc.edu/databases/connect/dissertations.html.
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Hu, Wenbao. "A model study of the electromagnetic response of a channel, an island and a seamount in the South China Sea". Thesis, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/5723.
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Hsu, Chung-Wei, i 許崇瑋. "The Sovereignty Disputes of the Islands and Rocks in South China Sea and the Identity of the U-Shaped Line". Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33776263440995222021.
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碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
海洋法律研究所
101
Abstract The dispute over sovereignty issue in South China Sea has existed for a long time. The countries involved in this dispute include Taiwan (The Republic of China), China (The People Republic of China), Philippines, Vietnam, Malaysia, Brunei and other countries. Each country has claimed the partial or whole ownership of the sovereignty over the islands and waters in this region. This paper aims to focus on the discussion over the major conflicts in this area and explore the impact from the conflicts then compare the relevant legislation and practice in each country about the sovereignty right for this area. It also highlights the historical documents, national policies about South China Sea and islands and rocks in South China Sea. The current conflict in South China Sea has exposed the dilemma of Taiwan's diplomatic and national security policies. Due to the lack of formal diplomatic relationship in this region, it is difficult for Taiwan to implement certain policies in this region. The dispute over this region not only affects the security and stability in Asia-Pacific, but also creates the concerns from the countries outside this region. This paper will cover the issues raised in the countries involved and the policies and stance from the United States and Japan over the sovereignty in South China Sea. South China Sea issue has since become an international matter. The countries in South China Sea concern the military and navy expansion from China and whose ignorance of Taiwan’s policies over this region. Whether Taiwan can gain the maximum political and economical benefits depends on Taiwan’s policies over this region. It is however difficult for the neighbouring countries in this region to start any formal dialogue with Taiwan after the cease of it’s "The Policy Guidelines for South China Sea " in 2005. The premise of settling any international disputes requires the official dialogue or negotiation among the governments involved, Taiwanese government is however not recognised as an official country by any government involved in this matter. The countries in this region therefore cannot initiate any official ‘government to government’ dialogue with Taiwan to resolve the legal dispute over the U-shaped line in South China Sea? Even the countries are willing to work with Taiwanese government and start a "government to government" dialogue, the Taiwanese government has long lacked the clear policies over this region thus caused the dispute. Therefore, it is believed that Taiwan should reinforce its ownership of sovereignty over this region and reinstate the policies that an official approval from Taiwan is required prior to any activities in the region. Taiwanese government should also proactively seek to understand the policies or activities in the region and soon to establish its policy of South China Sea. Doing so will reinforce Taiwan’s stance in the region and to secure its share of the abundant national resources in this region.
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Furtado, Xavier Anthony. "Sowing the seeds of stability in the South China Sea : expanding the track II discourse surrounding the Spratly Islands conflict". Thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/6494.
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The Spratly Islands conflict is somewhat artificial. While longstanding issues of
territorial sovereignty are certainly part of this dispute, it is the yet unconfirmed suspicion that oil
and/or natural gas exist beneath the seabed that has made this issue so contentious and, on
occasion, has forced some of the disputants to exchange gunfire on the high seas. The untried
assumption that hydrocarbons exist beneath the Spratly archipelago is now treated as fact. Not
only have numerous academics adopted it as part of their work, but because the governments
involved in this dispute have also accepted this conjecture as fact, they have all pursued
confrontational and aggressive policies in the Spratly area.
In order to refocus the nature of the discourse surrounding the Spratly conflict, this paper
will take as its point of departure the fact that no one yet knows the true hydrocarbon wealth of
the Spratly chain. With this in mind, the author proceeds to revisit a number of the related issues
that have further contributed to this conflict, including the widespread belief that all of the littoral
states will confront an energy shortage — an expectation that further raises the stakes of the
Spratly issue. In challenging these commonly accepted ideas, the paper also poses a challenge to
the structural realist school of thought which, until know, has been the theoretical paradigm of
choice when examining the Spratly conflict. The author argues that, because ignorance and
misinformation have fed the Spratly conflict, constructed realism provides students with a much
better framework for analysis. Rather than accepting the notion that the interests of the states are
determined exogenously and through a calculation of relative capabilities, the evidence suggests
that the disputants have created a security dilemma for themselves through their own mistaken
perceptions and interpretations. Therefore, in order to peacefully manage this issue, the project
must be to arrive at a multilateral mechanism that keeps the facts at the forefront and helps
reshape the existing discourse.
As part of this analysis, the paper provides a review of the UN Convention of the Law of
the Sea (UNCLOS) and, while praising its contribution to setting a consistent set of ground rules,
highlights its inability to address the Spratly issue on its own. By accounting for the unique
history behind the Spratly dispute, and looking closely at some of UNCLOS' central ideas, the
author sheds some light on the sorts of difficulties that have emerged thus far in attempting to
apply the Convention to the Spratly conflict.
In order to address these issues, the author suggests the creation of the South China Sea
Forum for Consultation and Dispute Mediation (the Forum). Based on the impressive work of
the South China Sea Informal Working Group at the University of British Columbia, the Forum
would provide a unique mechanism with which to expand the existing Track II (unofficial)
diplomatic dialogue that has emerged thus far regarding the Spratly dispute. Not only would it
provide a way to help move the work of the Informal Working Group into official policy
channels, but it would also help broaden regional participation in resolving South China Sea
issues. While the suggestion being made in this paper is not without its difficulties, it represents
a creative contribution to the growing body of policy relevant work being done on South China
Sea issues while, at the same time, suggesting how the Asia Pacific region might confront its
other outstanding territorial disputes.
46
Liang, Yi-Bei, i 梁藝蓓. "Hypothesis Testing of the Aggregation of the Land Hermit Crab (Coenobita rugosus) Along the Coast of Dongsha Island, South China Sea". Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/hjdjej.
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碩士國立中山大學
海洋科學系研究所
107
Aggregation in animal distribution is a common phenomenon among all species in different spatial scales. Various mechanisms causing the aggregation of animal distributions were described. The present study focused on the abundance heterogeneity of the terrestrial hermit crabs, Coenobita rugosus, on Dongsha Island, South China Sea. Coenobita rugosus is a common land hermit crab around Indo-Pacific Ocean, also the predominant on Dongsha Island. Dongsha Island is only 1.7 km2 in area with continuous beach and coast forest as habitat for C. rugosus. We conducted 12 monthly round-island surveys for local abundance and body sizes of the land hermit crabs during September 2017 to August 2018. The results indicated that 65% of Coenobita rugosus aggregated at the Southwest coastline which only contained 3 out of 12 sampling sites and occupied 12.5% of the total coastline. We hypothesized that the uneven distribution of Coenobita rugosus may originate from the (1) habitat preferences of the land population, (2) uneven numbers of post-larvae recruited to varies coastal localities, and (3) the migration by themselves. To testify our hypotheses, we compared the crab abundance with the land plant area and the availability of seagrass debris piles which were both considered as the important hiding area and food source, but there are no correlations between them. According to the results of mark and release experiments in small and large scales, the recaptured crabs were mostly found in the original location we released them (≤40m) in 7 days, and this species did not migrate over >500m in 6 weeks. Six recruitment pulse events were recorded in a year during our surveys, whether directly and indirectly. About 70% of the recruited crabs(PL<4mm) were found directly at one sampling site in Southwest part of Dongsha Island, which was also the most abundant for adult crabs(PL>4mm). We inferred that the patchiness of C. rugosus on Dongsha Island may originate from the uneven planktonic juvenile recruitment.
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Steuer, Stephan. "The development of the Dangerous Grounds and Palawan Island in the southeastern part of the South China Sea, deduced from carbonate formations". Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-002E-E5CF-D.
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48
Asenov, Yavor, i 森亞博. "Small Islands, Big Flashpoints: Impact of China’s Maritime Territorial Disputes in South and East China Seas on International Security and Cooperation". Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33299615974224417305.
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碩士銘傳大學
國際事務研究所碩士班
101
Complex maritime territorial disputes have intensified in Asia-Pacific region after the Cold War and with the introduction of the United Nations Convention of the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). Tiny islands have turned into major flashpoints threatening regional peace, stability, and cooperation. This research describes China’s maritime territorial disputes in East and South China Seas, examines the impact of the ongoing disputes on regional security and cooperation with the help of qualitative in-depth interviews, evaluates the role of China in the region regarding disputes through the lens of neoclassical realism theory, and explores the possibility for potential military conflict. Furthermore, it analyses the role of the US and its interest, discusses the establishment of cooperative relations and how these are affected by the disputes. Finally, the research evaluates possible ways for peaceful conflict resolution and mitigating escalations of disputes into military conflicts. China’s transition in power, undeveloped international law, and the US involvement add to the complexity of the issue. Regardless of intentions, domestic and international variables currently impede China to act offensively. However, China will not compromise on disputes, therefore, this research foresees no resolution of disputes in the near future. The thesis concludes that China’s maritime territorial disputes have destabilizing impact on security and negative impact on international cooperation and international relations. Sidelining sovereignty issues and encouraging dialogue and negotiations could help improve sharing and joint exploration and defuse tensions. This paper suggests that China will manage to exercise its influence on disputes in its favour through bilateral negotiations given it continuous to grow in power relatively to the US decline.
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Ma, Shin-Kai, i 馬新凱. "A Numerical Study of the Influence of the Topography of Sumatra Island and Tropical Disturbance over South China Sea on the Formation of Tropical Cyclones in Indian Ocean". Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ks4rr5.
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50
Yu, Chen-Sheng, i 盂陳勝. "A View on Asian-Pacific Security Coopetition Between The United States And China From Sovereignty Disputes About Diaoyu Islands And South China Sea By A “3i” Decision-Making Model Analysis". Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/8e7bfy.
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碩士國立中正大學
戰略暨國際事務研究所
102
Its rising makes China into an emerging power having significant global economic and political influence. Although it externally repeated claims of “peaceful rise”, as being strong internationally, in addition to causing unrest in neighboring countries, it makes the United States, the dominant power after the Cold War to promote the "Asia-Pacific rebalancing" strategy as a response to return to Asia. The United States returned to Asia to strengthen relationship with Asian traditional allies, Japan, South Korea, and the Philippines, and to expand relations with ASEAN’s politics, economy and army, seeking entry point in the sovereignty disputes about Diaoyu Islands at East China Sea to counterbalance China’s rise. Power Transition Theory, the ground for the transfer of power in international relations seems to foretell the future conflicts between the United States and China. This essay attempts, by “3i Decision-making Model” created by Prof. Soong, Hseik-Wen, from such aspects as ideas (1st i), interests (2nd i) and institutionalization (3rd i) to view the positions of the United States and China about the sovereignty disputes occurred in Diaoyu Islands at East China Sea, and in South China Sea. Although the United States repeatedly expressed that returning to Asia is not to contain China, as a guardian of the international system, the United States is ordained becoming a role to suppress China. China’s attitude to handle the sovereignty disputes about Diaoyu Islands and South China Sea will become a touchstone whether China could rise peacefully.