Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / South Island

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „South Island”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021
Data aktualizacji: 2 lutego 2022

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "South Island"

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Sancho, Leopoldo G., Florian Schulz, Burkhard Schroeter i Ludger Kappen. "Bryophyte and lichen flora of South Bay (Livingston Island: South Shetland Islands, Antarctica)". Nova Hedwigia 68, nr 3-4 (2.06.1999): 301–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/nova.hedwigia/68/1999/301.

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Clifford, HT. "Dispersal of Fleshy Diaspores in the Seed Floras of the South Island (New Zealand) and Tasmania". Australian Systematic Botany 6, nr 5 (1993): 449. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb9930449.

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The native seed-plant floras of South Island (New Zealand) and Tasmania are similar in size but the former is about twice as rich in species with fleshy diaspores than is the latter. In contrast, South Island has far fewer species with arillate or camnculate seeds than Tasmania. These differences in proportions may be attributed to the differential extinction of bird and ant species on the two islands during the Pleistocene Ice ages. Whereas South Island was relatively isolated at the time, Tasmania was closely connected to the Australian mainland providing refuges not available to South Island species. It is postulated that on both islands plants were less affected by glaciation than were animals. The types, sizes and colours of diaspores are similar in the floras of South Island and Tasmania, indicating that the lack of land mammals on the former island is not reflected in the dispersal biology of fleshy diaspores.
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Gardiner, Michael J., J. Cynan Ellis-Evans, Malcolm G. Anderson i Martyn Tranter. "Snowmelt modelling on signy island, South Orkney Islands". Annals of Glaciology 26 (1998): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/1998aog26-1-161-166.

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The ability of the Utah energy-balance and snowmelt model (UEB) to simulate decline in snow water equivalent (SWE) at an extreme location was assessed. Field data were collected at Paternoster Valley, Signy Island, South Orkney Islands (60°43′S) during the austral summer of 1996–97. This is the first application of UEB in a maritime Antarctic site. UEB is a physically based snow melt model using a lumped snow-pack representation with primary state variables SWE and snow pack-energy content (U). Meteorological inputs are air temperature, wind speed, humidity, precipitation and total incoming solar and longwave radiation. The Paternoster Valley catchment was subdivided into eight non-contiguous terrain classes for sampling and modelling using a geographical information system (GIS). Simulations of SWE in each of these classes were compared พ with field observations. It is shown that initial U and snow-surface thermal conductance (Ks) affect model simulations. Good approximations of SWE depletion are obtained using measured incoming solar radiation to drive the model but there are shortcomings in the characterization of long wave radiation and sensible-heat fluxes.
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Gardiner, Michael J., J. Cynan Ellis-Evans, Malcolm G. Anderson i Martyn Tranter. "Snowmelt modelling on signy island, South Orkney Islands". Annals of Glaciology 26 (1998): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500014749.

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The ability of the Utah energy-balance and snowmelt model (UEB) to simulate decline in snow water equivalent (SWE) at an extreme location was assessed. Field data were collected at Paternoster Valley, Signy Island, South Orkney Islands (60°43′S) during the austral summer of 1996–97. This is the first application of UEB in a maritime Antarctic site. UEB is a physically based snow melt model using a lumped snow-pack representation with primary state variables SWE and snow pack-energy content(U).Meteorological inputs are air temperature, wind speed, humidity, precipitation and total incoming solar and longwave radiation. The Paternoster Valley catchment was subdivided into eight non-contiguous terrain classes for sampling and modelling using a geographical information system (GIS). Simulations of SWE in each of these classes were compared พ with field observations. It is shown that initialUand snow-surface thermal conductance(Ks)affect model simulations. Good approximations of SWE depletion are obtained using measured incoming solar radiation to drive the model but there are shortcomings in the characterization of long wave radiation and sensible-heat fluxes.
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Usher, Michael B. "Spiders from Beauchêne Island, Falkland Islands, South Atlantic". Journal of Zoology 200, nr 4 (20.08.2009): 571–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1983.tb02817.x.

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Spencer, Hamish G., Jonathan M. Waters i Thomas E. Eichhorst. "Taxonomy and nomenclature of black nerites (Gastropoda:Neritimorpha:Nerita) from the South Pacific". Invertebrate Systematics 21, nr 3 (2007): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/is06038.

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Members of the genus Nerita are abundant components of the intertidal fauna in many parts of the world and yet Nerita taxonomy remains unsettled. Here, the relationships among black-shelled Nerita populations from Australia, New Zealand, Norfolk Island, Lord Howe Island, the Kermadec Islands and Easter Island are discussed. Four species are recognised: N. atramentosa Reeve, 1855 from the southern half of Australia; N. melanotragus E.A. Smith, 1884 from eastern Australia, northern New Zealand, Lord Howe Island, Norfolk Island and the Kermadec Islands; N. morio (G. B. Sowerby I, 1833) from Easter Island and the Austral Islands; and N. lirellata Rehder, 1980 from Easter Island alone. These species are of great importance in studies of intertidal community structure and yet two of them have been consistently confused in the ecological and taxonomic literature. Moreover, the relationships among the species are not at all as implied by recent subgeneric classifications; it is argued that all four species should be placed in the subgenus Lisanerita Krijnen, 2002. The superficially similar N. picea Récluz, 1841 is not closely related. An accurate taxonomy of the genus will almost certainly require considerable genetic analysis. The nomenclature for each species is herein established by complete synonymies, and lectotypes for both N. atramentosa and N. melanotragus are selected.
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Nunn, Patrick D., i Felise T. Finau. "Holocene emergence history of Tongatapu island, south Pacific". Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie 39, nr 1 (24.03.1995): 69–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/zfg/39/1995/69.

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Lee, Kristen E., Jennifer M. Seddon, Stephen Johnston, Sean I. FitzGibbon, Frank Carrick, Alistair Melzer, Fred Bercovitch i William Ellis. "Genetic diversity in natural and introduced island populations of koalas in Queensland". Australian Journal of Zoology 60, nr 5 (2012): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo12075.

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Island populations of animals are expected to show reduced genetic variation and increased incidence of inbreeding because of founder effects and the susceptibility of small populations to the effects of genetic drift. Koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) occur naturally in a patchy distribution across much of the eastern Australian mainland and on a small number of islands near the Australian coast. We compared the genetic diversity of the naturally occurring population of koalas on North Stradbroke Island in south-east Queensland with other island populations including the introduced group on St Bees Island in central Queensland. The population on St Bees Island shows higher diversity (allelic richness 4.1, He = 0.67) than the North Stradbroke Island population (allelic richness 3.2, He = 0.55). Koalas on Brampton, Newry and Rabbit Islands possessed microsatellite alleles that were not identified from St Bees Island koalas, indicating that it is most unlikely that these populations were established by a sole secondary introduction from St Bees Island. Mitochondrial haplotypes on the central Queensland islands were more similar to a haplotype found at Springsure in central Queensland and the inland clades in south-east Queensland, rather than the coastal clade in south-east Queensland.
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Vande Vijver, Bart, Herman Van Dam i Louis Beyens. "Luticola higleri sp. nov., a new diatom species from King George Island (South Shetland Islands, Antarctica)". Nova Hedwigia 82, nr 1-2 (1.02.2006): 69–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0029-5035/2006/0082-0069.

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Hooson, Scott, i Ian G. Jamieson. "The distribution and current status of New Zealand Saddleback Philesturnus carunculatus". Bird Conservation International 13, nr 2 (20.05.2003): 79–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270903003083.

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This paper reviews and updates the distribution and status of two geographically distinct subspecies of New Zealand Saddleback Philesturnus carunculatus, a New Zealand forest passerine that is highly susceptible to predation by introduced mammals such as stoats and rats. The recovery of the North Island and South Island saddleback populations has been rapid since translocations to offshore islands free of exotic predators began in 1964, when both subspecies were on the brink of extinction. South Island saddlebacks have gone from a remnant population of 36 birds on one island to over 1,200 birds spread among 15 island populations, with the present capacity to increase to a maximum of 2,500 birds. We recommend that South Island saddleback be listed under the IUCN category of Near Threatened, although vigilance on islands for invading predators and their subsequent rapid eradication is still required. North Island saddlebacks have gone from a remnant population of 500 birds on one island to over 6,000 on 12 islands with the capacity to increase to over 19,000 individuals. We recommend that this subspecies be downgraded to the IUCN category of Least Concern. The factors that limited the early recovery of saddlebacks are now of less significance with recent advances in predator eradication techniques allowing translocations to large islands that were formerly unsuitable. The only two predators that still cohabit some islands with saddleback are Pacific rats or kiore Rattus exulans and Weka Gallirallus australis, a flightless native rail. Although North Island saddlebacks coexist with kiore, South Island saddlebacks do less well in their presence, possibly because the relict population had no previous history with this species of rat. The impact of Weka as predators of saddlebacks is less clear, but population growth rates appear to be slowed in their presence. It is recommended that while current recovery strategies involving island habitat restoration and translocations be maintained, management effort should also be directed towards returning saddlebacks to selected, “mainland island” sites, where introduced pests are either excluded by predator-proof fences or controlled at very low levels by intensive pest management.
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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "South Island"

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Mojzisek, Jan, i n/a. "Precipitation variability in the South Island of New Zealand". University of Otago. Department of Geography, 2006. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070503.151144.

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Precipitation is one of the atmospheric variables that characterize the climate of a region. The South Island of New Zealand (SI of NZ) has an unusually large number of distinct regional climates and its climatic diversity includes the coldest, wettest, driest and windiest places in New Zealand. This thesis focuses on identifying precipitation trends and rainfall fluctuations for the SI of NZ. First, homogeneity of 184 precipitation series is assessed with the combination of three homogeneity tests (Standard Normal Homogeneity Test, Easterling & Peterson test, Vincent�s Multiple Linear Regression). More than 60% of tested time series are found to contain at least one inhomogeneity. About 50% of the inhomogeneities can be traced to information in the station history files with nearly 25% of all inhomogeneities caused by the relocation of the precipitation gauge. Five coherent precipitation regions are defined by the Principal Component Analysis. The objective of identifying the periods of water deficit and surplus in spatial and temporal domains is achieved by using Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). The SPI series (for 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 months time scales) are calculated for each region and used for analysis of dry and wet periods. Clear differences in the frequency, length and intensity of droughts and wet periods were found between individual regions. There is a positive (i.e. increase in wet periods) trend in SPI time series for the North, Westland and Southland regions during the 1921-2003 period at all times scales, and a negative trend for Canterbury during the same period. The results show longer wet periods than dry periods at all time scales. Extreme heavy precipitation, which causes floods, is the most common type of natural disaster accounting for about 40% of all natural disasters worldwide. A set of ten extreme indices is calculated for 51 stations throughout the South Island for the period 1951-2003. The west-east division is found to be the dominant feature of extreme precipitation trends for all extreme indices with more frequent and more intense extreme precipitation in the west/southwest and with a declining trend in the east. The significant decrease in extreme precipitation frequency was detected in Canterbury with 3 days less of precipitation above the long-term 95th percentile by 2003 as compared to 1951. The variability of precipitation, expressed by the SPI, is correlated with local New Zealand atmospheric circulation indices and large-scale teleconnections. The precipitation variability in the South Island is governed largely by the local circulation characteristics, mainly the strength and position of the westerly flow. The increase in precipitation in the West and SouthEast is associated with enhanced westerlies. The correlations between New Zealand�s circulation indices and regional SPI are seasonally robust. The SouthEast region exhibits a strong relationship with the Southern Oscillation Index on seasonal and annual time scales,and with Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation at the decadal scale. The predictability of seasonal precipitation one season ahead is very limited.
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Bourne, Stephen James. "Distributed deformation of the South Island of New Zealand". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360205.

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Plagmann, Manfred. "Mesospheric winds above the South Island of New Zealand". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Physics, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6097.

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This project involved the comparison of horizontal winds from three different techniques in the upper mesosphere, lower thermosphere region at 80-105 km and the characterization of the ability of the Fabry-Perot technique to observe gravity waves in the airlow layers. The wind measurements for the comparison were obtained by three independent ground-based techniques, a meteor radar (MR), a medium frequency radar (MF) and an optical Fabry-Perot spectrometer (FPS). All three instruments are located on the South Island of New Zealand. The optical winds were derived from night-time observations of the Doppler shifts in the mesospheric 840 nm hydroxyl emission near 87 km and the lower thermospheric 557.7 nm atomic oxygen emission at about 95 km height. The radar winds were obtained using a partial reflection medium frequency radar operating at 2.4 MHz and a meteor radar operating at 26.2 MHz with a pulse repetion rate of 379 Hz. The initial comparisons were made for 5 consecutive nights during May 1997. As a consequence of the results obtained the comparison of the FPS/MR combination were extended to 80 nights in the period encompassing May 1997 to April 1995. Dates considered suitable were those exhibiting no cloud and low magnetic activity. A very good correlation was observed between the FPS and MR winds for the 5 consecutive days and, albeit to a lesser degree, in the complete data set of 80 days. The good correlation between the FPS and the MR was used to determine the monthly mean height of the hydroxyl and the atomic oxygen layer over the period between May 1997 to April 1995. The result shows an annual variation in the height of the hydroxyl layer with the lower height during early summer and little variation in the height of the atomic oxygen layer. The study of the detectability of the gravity waves in the FPS wind measurements reveals that waves from the part of the gravity wave spectrum which shows the most activity can only, if at all, be detected with a strongly attenuated amplitude. With knowledge of the gravity wave detect ability of the FPS, signatures of very long wavelength gravity waves were sought in the available data set. On many nights signatures of wave activity which could be related to gravity waves were found. The attempt to use the MR data set to aid in the determination of the wavelength of those waves was of limited success.
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Solani, Noel Lungile Zwelidumile. "Memory and representation: Robben Island Museum 1997-1999". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2000. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=init_9418_1178281992.

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The notion of what constitutes a nation has been a subject of many debates. The nation, like individual is the culmination of a long past of endeavours, sacrifice and devotion. The post aprtheid project of reconciliation in South Africa is part of this desire to live together as citizens of one country irrespective of past differences. This desire transforms itself to cultural institutions like museums or rather cultural institutions represents this desire in a more systematic way in the post apartheid South Africa as they seek to transform.
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Ebbett, R. L. "The ecology of lowland totara in South Island, New Zealand". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Forestry, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4833.

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Historically, lowland totara was a common forest tree throughout much of lowland New Zealand but is now confined to small, mainly protected, areas usually as the dominant species in mixed podocarp forest with matai and kahikatea. Lowland podocarp forest has suffered the most extensive reduction of all New Zealand forest types, with only circa 1% of the original forest cover remaining. The lowland totara dominated stands remaining therefore represent an highly fragmented population with relatively few individuals, making the collection of large data sets difficult. Sample sizes are small in some stands due to the limited area of to tara dominated forest (circa 1 hectare). The present study aims to describe the natural extent of lowland totara forest, document its reduction and current status, and to provide for the long-term survival of this species in the now fragmented forest environment. Literature relating to the ecology of Podocarpus totara is reviewed with respect to vegetative morphology and growth, reproductive biology, timber properties and· utilisation, and population dynamics. The ecological niche of lowland totara is defined, examining site characteristics and soil type. The distribution of lowland totara dominated stands is a function of several interlinked site characteristics such as climate, landform, drainage, disturbance regime, soil type, and altitude. Lowland totara appears to be confined to semi-fertile or fertile soils which are the result of landform and disturbance e.g. flood events on a river plain. Stand descriptions identify lowland totara forest as ranging from pure totara, to totara - matai, to totara - matai - kahikatea, to dense mixedpodocarps. The relative proportions of totara, matai, and kahikatea appear to be due to edaphic features such as fertility and drainage. In dense mixed podocarp forest, totara is confined in small populations to optimal sites such as terraces and ridges. The podocarps have differing nutrient, light, and disturbance regime requirements and these factors work together to partition the environment into optimal areas for the regeneration and persistence of each species. Totara dominated stands require high light to initiate and capture a high fertility site, and relatively free-draining ABSTRACT 3 fertile soils to remain dominant. Sub-optimal totara sites will see the dominance of other species such as rimu. Totara and kahlkatea dominate in catastrophically disturbed areas, miro responds to medium levels of disturbance such as tree fall, and rimu dominates in areas subject to continual disturbance such as canopy collapse. Regeneration of lowland totara dominated forest is seen to be a consequence of seedling dispersal to preferred microsites, and disturbance history. The broad scale forest pattern is detennined by the level of disturbance and the finer scale pattern of tree distribution is a result of light levels, parent and perch trees, and edaphic properties. There is no evidence that totara dominated stands are older than first generation, indicating that periodic catastrophic regeneration is required to reinitiate stands. The alteration of the natural disturbance regime by humans may pose problems for the future of lowland totara. There is no evidence that totara forest regenerates under a senescing totara canopy. Presently protected areas are therefore likely to undergo floristic composition change away from totara/matai/kahlkatea in the absence of disturbance. A landscape management plan is proposed as a mechanism for appropriate land use using ecological principles at catchment scale and to provide adequate areas for the long-term survival of totara dominated forest in a fragmented landscape. New Zealand's natural environment has been radically altered with the invasion of humans, introduced weeds and pests, and alteration of the natural disturbance regime. Restoration and revegetation are therefore options for the future survival of lowland totara in a fragmented landscape. Silvicultural plantations can provide timber (to tara heartwood being highly prized), income, and seed sources for regeneration. Land values such as water and soil quality will also benefit from artificial plantations. Stand spacing and age structure is described and can be used in the future when revegetation projects have the aim of approximating natural stands.
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Randall, Paul M. "Pollen dispersal across the Southern Alps, South Island, New Zealand". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Botany, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6812.

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The aim of this research was to improve the understanding of modern pollen deposition in central South Island in order to interpret Quaternary pollen profiles. This was accomplished by examining the results from a chain of pollen traps (exposed for one year), moss polsters collected along a transect from Westland across the Southern Alps to Canterbury (with and without addition of exotic spores to facilitate 'absolute' counting) and three short peat monoliths. The role of topography, vegetation type and weather patterns were also briefly assessed. The results were analysed by means of principal components and cluster analyses to identify the respective contribution of different pollen taxa. The conclusions are: 1. Trap and polster results are broadly comparable. 2. With exceptions, caused by local effects such as fire and contributions by adjacent vegetation and taxa introduced since 1850, the monolith profiles show little change over the period studied. 3. Forest sites in Westland were dominated by pollen of local podocarps (Dacrydium cupressinum, Prumnopitys) and broadleaved angiosperm species (Metrosidieros, Quintinia, Weinmannia). Nothofagus fusca type pollen dominates within the beech forest areas, but drops to about 10% a short distance from the forest edge. Poaceae pollen shows low frequencies in forested sites, but dominates in grass/scrubland areas. 4. Sites above the treeline on the Main Divide shows proportionately high counts of exogenous Podocarpaceae pollen. However, the high counts involve no 'real' increase in regional deposition.
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Kaustrater, Maria Elisabeth. "Maori and Pakeha : the quest for identity in Aotearoa/New Zealand". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248006.

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Didier, Brian John. "The scars of piety : Islam and the dynamics of religious dispute on Androth Island, South India". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/273405.

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Fransner, Oscar. "Geophysical Mapping around Björkö Island in Lake Mälaren, South central Sweden". Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för geologiska vetenskaper, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-90529.

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The former Viking settlement Birka is located on Björkö Island in Lake Mälaren, the third largest lake in Sweden. Birka is a well-known archeological site that onshore has been carefully examined. The lake floor of the waters surrounding the island has been less investigated but has a great potential to host not yet discovered archeological objects from this former hub for seafarers. Therefore, a geophysical survey including multibeam sonar mapping and subbottom profiling was carried out mainly along the shores of western Björkö Island. Processing and analysis of these collected data form the basis of this thesis. The main aims of this study are to produce a suite of geological maps and stratigraphic profiles that are used to geologically interpret the uppermost sediment stratigraphy and the bathymetry of the area. In addition, the processed data are investigated for archeological objects. The result shows that the acoustic records of the sediment stratigraphy reaches back to glacial clay formed as a consequence of the retreat of the Late Weichselian ice sheet, and that the uppermost sediment units probably are from the time after the isolation of Lake Mälaren from the Baltic Sea. The bathymetry and backscatter results have revealed that this relatively shallow study area contains several objects that potentially could be of interest from an archeological point of view. These objects include several unidentified objects in the Björkö strait and two unregistered shipwrecks where ground truthing data need to be collected to determine their respective origin.
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Stephenson, Wayne J. "Development of shore platforms on Kaikoura Peninsula, South Island, New Zealand". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geography, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4383.

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Shore platforms on the Kaikoura Peninsula have been examined to determine the roles of marine and sub aerial weathering processes in platform evolution. Erosion was measured to assess rates of development and processes of erosion. Lowering rates on platforms are presented from two years of monitoring using a traversing micro-erosion meter. Cliff retreats were calculated using aerial photographic interpretation. Marine processes were investigated by using deep water wave data, by measuring waves on shore platforms and by analysing measured tidal data. Weathering processes were investigated using tidal data, climate data, the Schmidt Hammer test, and a laboratory experiment on wetting and drying. Lowering rates over two years ranged from 0.07 to19.80mm, and annual rates ranged from 0.154 to 9.194mm/yr. Rates of erosion varied with lithology and the type of platform. Erosion on Type A mudstone platforms was 1.98mm/yr; on Type B mudstone platforms erosion was 0.733mm/yr; and on limestone platforms it was 0.88mm/yr. The grand mean lowering rate for all shore platforms was 1.13mm/yr. These rates fall in the middle of the range of published rates from previous studies at Kaikoura and at locations around the world. For the first time, erosion data from a traversing micro-erosion meter were presented as volumes of material eroded. The total volume of rock eroded from study sites having, each with an area of 45.4cm2 , ranged from 1.20 to 92.50cm3. A significant finding was that rock surfaces swell up as indicated by a rise in surface level rather than lowering from erosion. The maximum measured swelling was 8.90mm. At some measurement sites as much as 90 per cent of measurements showed swelling over a period of 98 days. Values for erosion and swelling were higher during summer months. Both erosion and swelling were shown to be statistically related to season, suggesting that weathering is the group of processes causing both erosion and swelling. Summer provides better conditions for wetting and drying, which is thought to be the most important weathering process on shore platforms. Horizontal retreat rates were calculated over 52 years for cliffs, beaches and lagoon deposits backing shore platforms at Kaikoura, these ranged from 0.05 to 0.91m/yr. Investigation of marine processes showed that the deep water wave environment off the Kaikoura Peninsula is very energetic, but the amount of wave energy delivered to platforms is very low. A comparison of deep water wave energy flux with wave energy flux at the landward cliff of platforms, showed that there was a reduction by as much as five orders of magnitude. An analysis of the role of breaking waves revealed that these were ineffective as an erosional agent because the depth of water offshore causes breaking well before waves arrive on platform surfaces. Shear stresses and dynamic forces under waves were calculated from waves measured on shore platforms. This showed that these forces never exceeded the compressive strength the platform rocks at Kaikoura. It was concluded that wave forces are not directly capable of causing erosion. Evidence of weathering on shore platforms came from a number of distinctive surface morphologies on platforms: honeycombs, salt crystal growths, water layer weathering; and slaking. Schmidt Hammer test data showed: firstly, that weathering had occurred; and secondly, that rock strength was reduced through weathering by as much as 50 per cent. Weathering processes on shore platforms rely on repeated wetting and drying, and for this reason the number of wetting and drying cycles was estimated. The number of cycles ranged from 104 to 379 per year, the variation was due to tidal influences and the growth of algae during winter months. At elevations low in the tide range fewer cycles occurred; the greatest number occurring between the peaks of spring and neap tides, where rainfall adds to the number. Most cycles were estimated to occur between 0.6 and 0.9m above mean sea level on the more landward margins of platforms. It was at these elevations and locations that the highest rates of erosion were measured. Laboratory experiments on wetting and drying showed that only one cycle was needed to cause erosion. Waves were shown not to cause erosion, while sub aerial weathering does. Statistical analysis showed significant relationships between erosion, and wetting and drying and elevation. Based on these results it was concluded that the development of shore platforms at Kaikoura relies on weathering resulting from repeated wetting and drying. This is contrary to recent work which proposed that shore platforms result from marine erosion. Published mathematical models of shore platform development were found to be invalid at Kaikoura, because they were designed on the assumption that platforms are indeed wave cut features. This assumption is incorrect for shore platform development at Kaikoura. An empirical model is presented to explain platform evolution and the differences in platform morphology. A separation between platform types is presented based on the ability of weathering to cause erosion and on compressive strength. This is contrary to a published demarcation between types based on the erosive force of waves and on compressive strength. The type of equilibrium that platforms tend towards is considered. It is proposed that there are two ways to consider equilibrium. First, platforms may be lowered to an as-yet-unidentified elevation; this was viewed as being a static form of equilibrium. Secondly, platforms may continuously widen because weathering is an ongoing process. It was proposed that there is no equilibrium width for shore platforms.
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Książki na temat "South Island"

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Pope, Diana. South Island, Stewart Island and the Chatham Islands. London: Heinemann Reed, 1990.

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Last island south. Baltimore, MD: Perfect Crime, 2009.

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Susan, Wilson. South Island shrines. London: Cadogan Contemporary, 1988.

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South Pacific. Wyd. 4. Footscray, Vic: Lonely Planet, 2009.

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Marthy, Cloake, red. The secret South Island. [London]: Heinemann, 1985.

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Churchman, Geoffrey B. South Island Main Trunk. Sydney: IPL Books, 1992.

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New Zealand's South Island. Wyd. 3. Footscray, Vic: Lonely Planet, 2012.

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Brett, Atkinson, i Hunt Errol, red. New Zealand's South Island. Footscray, Vic: Lonely Planet, 2009.

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The Falklands & South Georgia Island. Footscray, Vic: Lonely Planet, 2004.

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Winters, Donna. Charlotte of South Manitou Island. Caledonia, Mich: Bigwater Pub., 1992.

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Części książek na temat "South Island"

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Marjoram, Tony. "1. Technology, Development and the South Pacific". W Island Technology, 1–15. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780445212.001.

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Rakusa-Suszczewski, S. "King George Island — South Shetland Islands, Maritime Antarctic". W Ecological Studies, 23–39. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56318-8_3.

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Marjoram, Tony. "30. Technology Policy Initiatives in the South Pacific". W Island Technology, 347–59. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780445212.030.

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Ferguson, Roy. "Environmental Problems in the Pacific Island Region". W The South Pacific, 65–79. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12519-7_4.

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Bird, Eric. "Lord Howe Island – (New South Wales)". W Encyclopedia of the World's Coastal Landforms, 1239–46. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8639-7_226.

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Schaan, Denise Pahl. "The Nonagricultural Chiefdoms of Marajó Island". W The Handbook of South American Archaeology, 339–57. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-74907-5_19.

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Haines, A. John, Lada L. Dimitrova, Laura M. Wallace i Charles A. Williams. "Application to Central South Island, New Zealand". W Enhanced Surface Imaging of Crustal Deformation, 63–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21578-5_5.

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Savage, Martha Kane, Mathieu Duclos i Katrina Marson-Pidgeon. "Seismic anisotropy in South Island, New Zealand". W A Continental Plate Boundary: Tectonics at South Island, New Zealand, 95–114. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/175gm06.

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de la Fuente, Marcelo S., Juliana Sterli i Ignacio Maniel. "Tortoises: The Oldest Island Hoppers". W Origin, Evolution and Biogeographic History of South American Turtles, 35–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00518-8_3.

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Fraedrich, Wolfgang, i Neli Heidari. "Iceland—An Island in the North Atlantic". W Iceland from the West to the South, 5–9. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90863-2_2.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "South Island"

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Kopecky, Steven, i Michele Monde. "Hart-Miller Island South Cell Restoration Project". W Wetlands Engineering and River Restoration Conference 2001. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40581(2001)128.

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Makler, Marisa, i Sidney L. M. Mello. "Analysis of seafloor depth anomalies arround the south Ascension Island, South Atlantic". W 9th International Congress of the Brazilian Geophysical Society. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.160.sbgf187.

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Makler*, Marisa, i Sidney L. M. Mello. "Analysis of seafloor depth anomalies arround the south Ascension Island, South Atlantic". W 9th International Congress of the Brazilian Geophysical Society & EXPOGEF, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, 11-14 September 2005. Society of Exploration Geophysicists and Brazilian Geophysical Society, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/sbgf2005-190.

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Mak, Wai-Kei, i Jr-Wei Chen. "Voltage Island Generation under Performance Requirement for SoC Designs". W 2007 Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aspdac.2007.358087.

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Elobaid, Elnaiem Ali, Fadhil Sadooni i Hamad Al Saad. "Tectonic and Geologic Settings of Halul and Al-Alyia Offshore Islands, Examples of Different Evolution Models, Within the Emergence of the Arabian Gulf Geosyncline: A Review". W Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0044.

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The Arabian Gulf represents a significant water body and strategic pathway, which has pronounced regional and international benefits. This research investigated the evolution of the Arabian Gulf geosyncline. Furthermore, it explored the formation, geologic and tectonic settings of Halul and Al-Alyia offshore Islands, as examples of two different evolution models, within the emergence framework. The Arabian Gulf geosyncline has been emerged during the Cenozoic Era (Late Miocene-Pliocene Epoch), situated in the northeastern collisional marginal part of the Arabian Plate, as a foredeep geosyncline or basin, squeezed or crammed between the stable Arabian Plate and the mobile Euro-Asian Plate, along the subduction zone, within Zagros Mountain Fold Thrust Belt. Halul Island is situated to the northeast of the Greater Doha City and has great national economic value. It has a unique shape, elongated domal structure, oriented from South-West to North-East. The tectonic setting of Halul Island is classified as salt diapirism. The surface geology of this Island is dominated by carbonate rocks, mainly limestone and dolomitic limestone, and some igneous rock, such as basalt and Tholeiite. Al-Alyia Island is an integral part of the mainland. It is situated within the Greater Doha City's vicinity, in the eastern coastal zone. The Island is oriented from south-east to north-west. It is characterized by a gentle slope and low relief topography. The main rocks forming the island is the limestone and dolomitic limestone of the Simsima /Umm Bab Member of the Upper Dammam Formation of Tertiary age. This fact suggests that the island has a similar geologic setting to the mainland. This study revealed that the Halul Island evolution model is completely different from the evolution model of Al-Alyia Island, as Halul Island is a typical example model of salt dome Island, and remnants of the infracambrian salt basin, while Al-Alyia Island represents a different sedimentation model. This research has been carried out as part of the Environmental Science Center (ESC), Qatar University research agenda.
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Lousada, Sergio, Rafael Camacho i Joao Gouveia. "Execution of an artificial beach and respective complementary infrastructures (Madeira Island - Machico)". W I South Florida Congress of Development. CONGRESS PROCEEDINGS I South Florida Congress of Development - 2021, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47172/sfcdv2021-0066.

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The present study aims to create an artificial beach in the municipality of Machico, as well as its complementary infrastructures, located on the south-eastern coast, in the municipality of Machico (Madeira Island). Machico´s beach sand consists of a mixture of black volcanic sand and round basalt stones. Usually, it has clear waters and a quiet sea. This beach also has a mooring infrastructure, thus allowing access to the sea. To achieve this study's main goals, it was initially carried out an extensive review and bibliographic research. Subsequently, a sand beach and its shelter groins were simulated and designed to hypothetically promote the retention of the sand and mitigate the tidal effects. In addition to model the beach dynamics, an extensive characterization of the extreme maritime regime was performed. A descriptive memory, a set of project execution plans, the construction contract documents/special technical conditions, the corresponding budget, and the Health and Safety Plan, were elaborated to complement this project. Some final remarks and conclusions were then presented, as well as some future projects that should be developed to deepen the knowledge of its main subjects.
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Al‐Ghamdi, Ali M., i S. Joel Watkins. "Miocene structural features of north and south Padre Island and OCS areas, Offshore South Texas". W SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1996. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1826528.

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Wernette, Phillipe A., Chris Houser, Bradley A. Weymer, Mark E. Everett, Michael P. Bishop i Robert S. Reece. "ASSESSING THE ROLE OF FRAMEWORK GEOLOGY ON BARRIER ISLAND GEOMORPHOLOGY". W 51st Annual GSA South-Central Section Meeting - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017sc-289556.

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Mackin, Kenneth J., Ichio Asanuma, Takashi Yamaguchi, JongGeol Park i John Mittleman. "Island-building activities detected by DNB on south china sea". W 2017 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2017.8127626.

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Faneros i Arnold. "Geomorphology of two seamounts offshore Ascension Island, South Atlantic Ocean". W Oceans 2003. Celebrating the Past ... Teaming Toward the Future. IEEE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oceans.2003.178518.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "South Island"

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Steenkamp, H. M., C. Gilbert i M. R. St-Onge. Geology, Leybourne Islands (south), Baffin Island, Nunavut, NTS 26-A (south). Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/297353.

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Evenchick, C. A., i A. F. Embry. Geology, Ellef Ringnes Island south, Nunavut. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/291566.

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Steenkamp, H. M., C. Gilbert i M. R. St-Onge. Geology, Chidliak Bay (south), Baffin Island, Nunavut, NTS 26-B (south). Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/297357.

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St-Onge, M. R., O. M. Weller, B. J. Dyck, N. M. Rayner, T. Chadwick i D. Liikane. Geology, McKeand River (south), Baffin Island, Nunavut. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/297595.

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St-Onge, M. R., O. M. Weller, B. J. Dyck, N. M. Rayner, T. Chadwick i D. Liikane. Geology, Amittok Lake (south), Baffin Island, Nunavut. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/297791.

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St-Onge, M. R., O. M. Weller, B. J. Dyck, N. M. Rayner, T. Chadwick i D. Liikane. Geology, Clearwater Fiord (south), Baffin Island, Nunavut. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/297793.

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St-Onge, M. R., O. M. Weller, B. J. Dyck, N. M. Rayner, T. Chadwick i D. Liikane. Geology, Irvine Inlet (south), Baffin Island, Nunavut. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/297795.

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St-Onge, M. R., O. M. Weller, B. J. Dyck, N. M. Rayner, T. Chadwick i D. Liikane. Geology, Amittok Lake (south), Baffin Island, Nunavut. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/298759.

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St-Onge, M. R., O. M. Weller, B. J. Dyck, N. M. Rayner, T. Chadwick i D. Liikane. Geology, Clearwater Fiord (south), Baffin Island, Nunavut. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/298761.

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St-Onge, M. R., O. M. Weller, B. J. Dyck, N. M. Rayner, T. Chadwick i D. Liikane. Geology, McKeand River (south), Baffin Island, Nunavut. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/298763.

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