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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Somatic changes”

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Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 9 lutego 2022

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1

Hoehn-Saric, R. "Psychic and somatic anxiety: worries, somatic symptoms and physiological changes". Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 98, s393 (grudzień 1998): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.1998.tb05964.x.

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Sumer, Huseyin, Karen L. Jones, Jun Liu, Benjamin N. Rollo, Antonius L. van Boxtel, Daniele Pralong i Paul J. Verma. "Transcriptional Changes in Somatic Cells Recovered From Embryonic Stem–Somatic Heterokaryons". Stem Cells and Development 18, nr 9 (listopad 2009): 1361–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/scd.2008.0361.

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Foster, Nicola A., Anindo K. Banerjee, Jian Xian, Ian Roberts, Francesco Pezzella, Nicholas Coleman, Andrew G. Nicholson, Peter Goldstraw, Jeremy P. George i Pamela H. Rabbitts. "Somatic genetic changes accompanying lung tumor development". Genes, Chromosomes and Cancer 44, nr 1 (2005): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gcc.20223.

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Devilee, P. "Somatic genetic changes in human breast cancer". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Cancer 1198, nr 2-3 (30.12.1994): 113–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-419x(94)90009-4.

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Luštrek, Barbara, Ana Kaić, Miran Štepec, Jurij Krsnik i Klemen Potočnik. "Long-term effect of minor genetic changes of milk components on somatic cell count". Journal of Central European Agriculture 19, nr 4 (2018): 798–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.5513/jcea01/19.4.2324.

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Stasolla, Claudio, Natalia Loukanina, Hiroshi Ashihara, Edward C. Yeung i Trevor A. Thorpe. "Changes in deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis during carrot somatic embryogenesis". Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 41, nr 9 (wrzesień 2003): 779–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0981-9428(03)00122-0.

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Xu, Rong, Shiqiang Zhang i Anmin Lei. "Chromatin Changes in Reprogramming of Mammalian Somatic Cells". Rejuvenation Research 17, nr 1 (luty 2014): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/rej.2013.1455.

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Gordon, Thomas R., Peter M. Henry, Bradley N. Jenner i Jeness C. Scott. "Spontaneous changes in somatic compatibility in Fusarium circinatum". Fungal Biology 125, nr 9 (wrzesień 2021): 725–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2021.04.008.

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Trajkovski, Miroslava. "On the somatic marker hypothesis". Theoria, Beograd 58, nr 2 (2015): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/theo1502065t.

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The somatic marker hypothesis is the hypothesis of the neural mechanism which is spontaneously triggered in the process of decision making. It is about bodily changes that accompany certain ideas we relate to the prospects of our choices. The somatic marker is the feeling of these changes occurring before the decision is made. In the paper I deal with the hypothesis of Antonio Damasio and his associates which is related to the perceptual theory of emotions that claims that the feeling of bodily changes precedes the feeling of emotion.

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Xing, Y. Y., i A. Worcel. "The C-terminal domain of transcription factor IIIA interacts differently with different 5S RNA genes." Molecular and Cellular Biology 9, nr 2 (luty 1989): 499–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.9.2.499.

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DNase I footprints and affinity measurements showed that the C-terminal arm of Xenopus transcription factor IIIA interacts differently with different Xenopus 5S DNAs, forming three distinct types of transcription factor IIIA-5S DNA complexes: a somatic type, a major-oocyte (and pseudogene) type, and a trace-oocyte type. Site-directed mutagenesis on the major-oocyte 5S gene revealed that somatic-type changes at positions 53, 55, and 56 changed the structure of the transcription factor IIIA-5S DNA complex from major-oocyte to somatic, and a single trace-oocyte change at position 56 caused the change from major-oocyte to trace-oocyte complex. We further show that the somatic-type changes are accompanied by a marked enhancement in the rate of 5S RNA transcription, and we discuss the possible biological relevance of these findings.

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Xing, Y. Y., i A. Worcel. "The C-terminal domain of transcription factor IIIA interacts differently with different 5S RNA genes". Molecular and Cellular Biology 9, nr 2 (luty 1989): 499–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.9.2.499-514.1989.

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DNase I footprints and affinity measurements showed that the C-terminal arm of Xenopus transcription factor IIIA interacts differently with different Xenopus 5S DNAs, forming three distinct types of transcription factor IIIA-5S DNA complexes: a somatic type, a major-oocyte (and pseudogene) type, and a trace-oocyte type. Site-directed mutagenesis on the major-oocyte 5S gene revealed that somatic-type changes at positions 53, 55, and 56 changed the structure of the transcription factor IIIA-5S DNA complex from major-oocyte to somatic, and a single trace-oocyte change at position 56 caused the change from major-oocyte to trace-oocyte complex. We further show that the somatic-type changes are accompanied by a marked enhancement in the rate of 5S RNA transcription, and we discuss the possible biological relevance of these findings.

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12

Sun, Y., C. H. Xu, M. Q. Wang, D. Y. Zhi i G. M. Xia. "Genomic changes at the early stage of somatic hybridization". Genetics and Molecular Research 13, nr 1 (2014): 1938–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4238/2014.march.17.21.

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13

Godel-Jedrychowska, Kamila, Katarzyna Kulinska-Lukaszek, Anneke Horstman, Mercedes Soriano, Mengfan Li, Karol Malota, Kim Boutilier i Ewa U. Kurczynska. "Symplasmic isolation marks cell fate changes during somatic embryogenesis". Journal of Experimental Botany 71, nr 9 (24.01.2020): 2612–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eraa041.

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Abstract Cell-to-cell signalling is a major mechanism controlling plant morphogenesis. Transport of signalling molecules through plasmodesmata is one way in which plants promote or restrict intercellular signalling over short distances. Plasmodesmata are membrane-lined pores between cells that regulate the intercellular flow of signalling molecules through changes in their size, creating symplasmic fields of connected cells. Here we examine the role of plasmodesmata and symplasmic communication in the establishment of plant cell totipotency, using somatic embryo induction from Arabidopsis explants as a model system. Cell-to-cell communication was evaluated using fluorescent tracers, supplemented with histological and ultrastructural analysis, and correlated with expression of a WOX2 embryo reporter. We showed that embryogenic cells are isolated symplasmically from non-embryogenic cells regardless of the explant type (immature zygotic embryos or seedlings) and inducer system (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid or the BABY BOOM (BBM) transcription factor), but that the symplasmic domains in different explants differ with respect to the maximum size of molecule capable of moving through the plasmodesmata. Callose deposition in plasmodesmata preceded WOX2 expression in future sites of somatic embryo development, but later was greatly reduced in WOX2-expressing domains. Callose deposition was also associated with a decrease DR5 auxin response in embryogenic tissue. Treatment of explants with the callose biosynthesis inhibitor 2-deoxy-D-glucose supressed somatic embryo formation in all three systems studied, and also blocked the observed decrease in DR5 expression. Together these data suggest that callose deposition at plasmodesmata is required for symplasmic isolation and establishment of cell totipotency in Arabidopsis.

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Verdus, M. "Ultrastructural Changes in Leaves of Cichorium during Somatic Embryogenesis". Annals of Botany 72, nr 4 (październik 1993): 375–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbo.1993.1121.

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FREDIANI, M., R. CREMONINI, O. SASSOLI, M. BITONTI, A. INNOCENTI i P. CIONINI. "Nuclear DNA changes related to a somatic mutation in". Cell Biology International Reports 14 (wrzesień 1990): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0309-1651(90)90424-w.

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Cepková, Alena, Olga Kyselovičová, Oto Honz, Marián Uváček i Ján Žiška. "Somatic Changes of University Students in BMI and WHR". Acta Facultatis Educationis Physicae Universitatis Comenianae 56, nr 1 (1.05.2016): 30–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/afepuc-2016-0003.

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Summary The article dealt with the assessment of somatic changes of the students at the Slovak University of Technology (STU), Faculty of Mechanical Engineering (FME), specifically expressed by Body Mass Index (BMI) and Waist Hip Ratio (WHR) during the years 2007 and 2013. In total 2228 men were involved in the study and measured upon their entry at the university. It was found out that the values of BMI belonged to the category of average range measured for adults (from 22.96 kg.m-2 to 24.60 kg.m-2) and indicates standard values. Statistically significant differences (p<0.01) were discovered between the years 2011 (23.70 kg.m-2) and 2012 (24.60 kg.m-2), 2012 (24.60 kg.m-2) and 2013 (22.96 kg.m-2). In 2012 participants achieved in average the highest values (BMI = 24.60 kg.m-2), which borders with a moderate overweight. In the contrary, in 2013 the students achieved the lowest values of BMI (22.96 kg.m-2). A slight increase of average BMI values may be observed from the first test in 2007 until 2012. The predominance of standard weight was measured at 71% of the total number of monitored students and the predominance of overweight was measured at 22% of students from the total number of university students. The observation of WHR numbers makes us conclude that during our seven year study no significant differences were discovered in the first five years. The values were stable and from the mean point of view, they do not indicate the risk of development of diseases relating to overweight and obesity. In 2012 and 2013 a slight decrease of WHR values was detected < 0.85. Statistically significant differences (p<0.05) were discovered between the years 2010 (0.854) and 2011 (0.864), and also between 2011 (0.864) and 2012 (0.843). The lowest mean value of WHR was measured when performing the last test in the year 2013 (0.823). There was a statistically significant difference at p<0.05 within the years 2012 and 2013. The highest mean value was discovered in 2011 (0.864). However, the average values achieved in a group of students were lower than 1.0, which can be evaluated as a set with no risk of obesity and overweight disease development.

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Chen, Li-Yu, Qian-Liang Chen, Dan Xu, Jian-Guo Hao, Michael Schläppi i Zi-Qin Xu. "Changes of Gentiopicroside Synthesis during Somatic Embryogenesis inGentiana macrophylla". Planta Medica 75, nr 15 (22.06.2009): 1618–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1185808.

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18

Sundaresan, V., A. Heppell-Parton, N. Coleman, M. Miozzo, G. Sozzi, R. Ball, N. Cary, P. Hasleton, W. Fowler i P. Rabbitts. "Somatic genetic changes in lung cancer and precancerous lesions". Annals of Oncology 6 (1995): S27—S32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annonc/6.suppl_1.s27.

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Medeiros, Estevão Rodrigues, Fernando Mayer Pelicice, Carlos Sergio Agostinho i Elineide Eugênio Marques. "Short-term changes in energy allocation by Hemiodontidae fish after the construction of a large reservoir (Lajeado Dam, Tocantins River)". Neotropical Ichthyology 12, nr 3 (19.08.2014): 649–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-20130186.

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The present study investigated energy allocation patterns in three fish species from the family Hemiodontidae (Argonectes robertsi, Hemiodus microlepis, and Hemiodus unimaculatus), before and after the construction of Lajeado Dam, Tocantins River, Amazon basin. Changes in the use of energy (between somatic and reproductive processes) were indirectly evaluated by means of temporal variations in fish body condition, feeding activity, visceral fat storage, and reproductive effort. Fish were collected from October 1999 to September 2004, in periods that preceded and followed the construction of the dam. We recorded significant changes in all ecological traits for the three analyzed species (for males and females). In general, there was an intense reduction in reproductive activity after river damming, whereas visceral fat and body condition increased consistently. In contrast, there was no clear trend in feeding activity (i.e., stomach weight), with little changes in species diet during the analyzed period. These results indicate that the impoundment changed the energy allocation process between somatic and reproductive activities, since fish started to allocate energy mainly to somatic processes. These changes may have a negative effect on the persistence of populations in Lajeado Reservoir, because improvements in somatic condition will not necessarily translate into increased fitness.

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Karteroliotis, Constantine, i Diane L. Gill. "Temporal Changes in Psychological and Physiological Components of State Anxiety". Journal of Sport Psychology 9, nr 3 (wrzesień 1987): 261–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsp.9.3.261.

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This study examined the relationships of cognitive worry, somatic anxiety, and self-confidence—all components of the CSAI-2 (Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2)—to each other, to physiological measures, and to motor performance prior to, during, and after competition. In addition, the prediction that only somatic anxiety increases prior to competition was examined. Forty-one undergraduate males competed in a motor task while the experimenter monitored heart rate and blood pressure responses. Each subject competed against a confederate for 10 experimental trials and completed the CSAI-2 prior to, during, and after the competition. The results confirmed the multidimensional nature of the state anxiety construct and provided evidence for the independence of cognitive worry and somatic anxiety. However, both dimensions followed similar temporal patterns prior to and during competition. Finally, the results confirmed the nonsignificant relationship between psychological and physiological measures of anxiety.

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Bagnoli, F., M. Capuana i M. L. Racchi. "Developmental changes of catalase and superoxide dismutase isoenzymes in zygotic and somatic embryos of horse chestnut". Functional Plant Biology 25, nr 8 (1998): 909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp98068.

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Catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), two of the major antioxidant enzyme systems, were examined by native PAGE at different stages of zygotic and somatic embryogenesis of horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum L.). During both zygotic and somatic embryogenesis, CAT and SOD specific activities increased, but electrophoretic analysis revealed remarkable differences in the isoenzyme patterns. Two CAT isoforms were differentially present during zygotic embryogenesis. The transition from the fast to the slow migrating form occurred in July, approximately 2 months after pollination. In contrast to zygotic, the two isoforms were continuously detectable during somatic embryo-genesis. In fact, with the exception of the callus stage, in which only one form was present, both of the CAT isoforms are equally active during the somatic embryo development. Unlike CAT, all SOD isoenzymes, one Mn-SOD and five Cu/Zn-SODs, were present during all the stages of zygotic embryo formation, but only Mn-SOD and an Fe-SOD were detected during somatic embryogenesis. These results suggest the occurrence of oxidative stress conditions during in vitro culture which, in horse chestnut, could account for the difficulties observed in the development of the somatic embryo into a plantlet.

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Nenashkina, E. N., Yu P. Potekhina, E. S. Tregubova i V. O. Belash. "Etiopathogenetic aspects of somatic dysfunction formation during pregnancy". Russian Osteopathic Journal, nr 3 (18.09.2020): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.32885/2220-0975-2020-3-41-53.

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Introduction. Changes occuring in a woman′s organism during pregnancy are genetically programmed and have a physiological adaptive character. The range of these changes affect all organism systems and is caused by the need to sustain the mother and the fetus; and the changes severity is causedby gestational age, number of fetuses and individual reserve possibilities of the motherorganism. The development of pregnancy is accompanied by a number of regular structural and functional changes in the woman′s organism, which in turn can serve as a background or cause for the formation of somatic dysfunctions, the level of manifestation and severity of which depend on the compensatory capabilities of the female organism.The goal of research was to study the occurrence frequency of somatic dysfunction in pregnant women at different stages of pregnancy and to compare it with anatomical and physiological changes in the woman′s organism.Materials and methods. It was examined 162 healthy pregnant women aged 25 to 45 years, with a gestation period of 7 to 37 weeks. The average age was 33±2,1 year, the proportion of the first-time mothers was 62 %. The distribution of women by trimester of pregnancy was as follows: I trimester — 42 people, II trimester — 60 people, III trimester — 60 people. There were no statistically significant differences in the age of the subjects in these three groups (p>0,05). The study lasted from February 2019 to March 2020. Each patient was examined by an osteopath during the initial treatment.Results. A statistically significant increase in the incidence of somatic dysfunctions (SD) of the thoracic region (p<0,05) and the pelvic region (p<0,001) was found from the first to the third trimester of pregnancy. SD of the lumbar region appeared only in the second trimester, and in the third trimester the occurrence frequency of these SD has not changed. It is these three regions that experience the most pronounced structural and functional changes, which are increasing with the pregnancy development. The most significant changes occur in the pelvic region, both in its structural component (bones, joints, muscles, ligaments) and in the visceral component (growing uterus). In addition, the most significant changes in blood and lymph circulation occur in the pelvic region. According to our observations, somatic dysfunctions of the pelvic region occurred in 7,1 % of the examined patients in the first trimester, in 25 % — in the second trimester, and in 63,3 % — in the third trimester. Among local SD, there is a statistically significant increase in the occurrence frequency of SD of the thoracic diaphragm, the pubic joint and impaired mobility of the uterus (p<0,01) with an increase in the duration of pregnancy, which is natural. As the size of the uterus increases, there is a decrease in the mobility of the thoracic diaphragm, which is most pronounced in the 3rd trimester. The pubic joint undergoes increasing stress and structural and functional restructuring as pregnancy progresses. There was a statistically significant difference (p<0,01) in the representation of dominant somatic dysfunctions depending on the duration of pregnancy, the predominance in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy in most women (63,3 %) of the dominant SD of the pelvic region.Conclusion. The functional changes occurring in the body of a pregnant woman have not only specific characteristics associated with the period of pregnancy, but also serve as a background condition that predisposes to the formation of specific somatic dysfunctions. As pregnancy progresses, the somatic dysfunctions of the pelvic and thoracic regions come to the fore; these SD are most likely associated with changes in the postural balance of a pregnant woman, due to changes in anatomically-topographic relationships due to the growth of the pregnant uterus.

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Миронов, S. Mironov, Артифексов i S. Artifeksov. "The patho-physiological features of psychosomatic status in the survivors the stress associated with the service activity". Journal of New Medical Technologies. eJournal 9, nr 1 (17.04.2015): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/7591.

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The article is devoted to studying the etiology and pathogenesis of psycho-somatic status in the persons of dangerous professions, who survived the stress associated with activity. This paper presents the information about vegetative changes, diseases of psycho-somatic character, observed psychological changes, family and sexual disharmonies and dysfunctions in these patients. The study reveals pathogenetic relation of changes in the integral health indicators (Index of Functional Measurements and Biological Age) with psycho-somatic changes in the dynamics post-stress disorders; this gives the possibility of their most effective use in the diagnostic process. It is established the pathogenetic relation between adaptation disorders with family and sex-ual disharmonies and dysfunctions, indicating highly quantitative estimates of these parameters to identify the severity of the disorders of psycho-somatic status. This article covers the aspects of the etiology of disorders of psycho-somatic relations in the dynamics of violations adaptation in the survivors of the stress associated with the service activity. The results of the study provide a simple and effective assessment of the patho-physiological features of psycho-somatic status by means of the integral indicators and analysis of family and sexual disharmonies.

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Izzo, Annalisa, Céline Ziegler-Birling, Peter W. S. Hill, Lydia Brondani, Petra Hajkova, Maria-Elena Torres-Padilla i Robert Schneider. "Dynamic changes in H1 subtype composition during epigenetic reprogramming". Journal of Cell Biology 216, nr 10 (9.08.2017): 3017–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201611012.

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In mammals, histone H1 consists of a family of related proteins, including five replication-dependent (H1.1–H1.5) and two replication-independent (H1.10 and H1.0) subtypes, all expressed in somatic cells. To systematically study the expression and function of H1 subtypes, we generated knockin mouse lines in which endogenous H1 subtypes are tagged. We focused on key developmental periods when epigenetic reprogramming occurs: early mouse embryos and primordial germ cell development. We found that dynamic changes in H1 subtype expression and localization are tightly linked with chromatin remodeling and might be crucial for transitions in chromatin structure during reprogramming. Although all somatic H1 subtypes are present in the blastocyst, each stage of preimplantation development is characterized by a different combination of H1 subtypes. Similarly, the relative abundance of somatic H1 subtypes can distinguish male and female chromatin upon sex differentiation in developing germ cells. Overall, our data provide new insights into the chromatin changes underlying epigenetic reprogramming. We suggest that distinct H1 subtypes may mediate the extensive chromatin remodeling occurring during epigenetic reprogramming and that they may be key players in the acquisition of cellular totipotency and the establishment of specific cellular states.

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Vidinov, K., R. Dodova, I. Dimitrova, A. Mitkova, A. Shinkov, R. Kaneva i R. Kovacheva. "Somatic Genomic Changes in the Formation of Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma". Acta Medica Bulgarica 47, nr 3 (1.09.2020): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amb-2020-0036.

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AbstractGlobally, the diffuse goiter affects more than 10% of the population and in some regions is endemic. Thyroid nodules are found in approximately 5% of the population using the oldest method for thyroid examination – palpation. When performing ultrasound screening, this percentage increases significantly and reaches between 20 and 75% of the total population. Thyroid carcinoma is a rare malignancy and accounts for up to 1% of all malignant tumors. It is the most common endocrine cancer and is clinically manifested as a thyroid nodule. Somatic mutations play an important role in its development. Differentiation of benign and malignant thyroid nodules is of great importance due to the different therapeutic approach. Therefore, new diagnostic tools are sought to help distinguish the two. Despite the progress in our knowledge of carcinogenesis in recent years, a number of key issues still remain unanswered. The establishment of new rare somatic mutations can improve pre-surgical diagnosis and optimize post-operative strategies for the treatment of thyroid carcinoma. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) allows for extensive mutation and genome rearrangements tracking. The results obtained with NGS provide the basis for the development of new approach for systematic genetic screening, at prevention, early diagnosis, accurate prognosis, and targeted therapy of this disorder.

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Clark, Louis A., Skanth Ganesan, Sarah Papp i Herman W. T. van Vlijmen. "Trends in Antibody Sequence Changes during the Somatic Hypermutation Process". Journal of Immunology 177, nr 1 (19.06.2006): 333–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.177.1.333.

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Boch-Kmieciak, Joanna, Krystyna Cieślik, Małgorzata Waszak, Paweł Szulc i Jacek Lewandowski. "Changes in somatic features and spinal curvatures in pregnant women". Polish Journal of Physiotherapy 12, nr 1 (9.04.2012): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/16420136.990855.

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Santanen, Arja, i Liisa Kaarina Simola. "Changes in Polyamine Metabolism during Somatic Embryogenesis in Picea abies". Journal of Plant Physiology 140, nr 4 (wrzesień 1992): 475–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0176-1617(11)80828-x.

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Meyerson, M. "Somatic Genome Changes in Human Non–Small Cell Lung Cancers". Journal of Thoracic Oncology 12, nr 8 (sierpień 2017): S1539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtho.2017.06.034.

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Mattout, Anna, Alva Biran i Eran Meshorer. "Global epigenetic changes during somatic cell reprogramming to iPS cells". Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 3, nr 6 (1.11.2011): 341–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmcb/mjr028.

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Rani, A., V. D. Reddy, P. Babu i G. Padmaja. "Changes in protein profiles associated with somatic embryogenesis in peanut". Biologia plantarum 49, nr 3 (1.09.2005): 347–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10535-005-0006-9.

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Pancaningtyas, Sulistyani. "Study on the presence and influence of phenolic compounds in callogenesis and somatic embryo development of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.)." Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) 31, nr 1 (31.03.2015): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v31i1.81.

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Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) like most tropical trees is recalcitrant in tissue culture. Somatic embryogenesis is generally efficient micropropagation technique to multiply elite material. However, Somatic embryogenesis in cocoa is difficult and this species is considered as recalcitrant. One of the factors often considered as a component of in vitro recalsitrance is a high phenolic content and oxidation of these compounds. In cocoa tissue culture accumulate large amounts of poliphenolics compounds which probably impair further development. This study was conducted to investigate the composition of phenolic compounds in cocoa flower and leaves, and their changes troughout the somatic embryogenesis process. Calli were induced in cacao floral and leaves explants on a half-strenght Murashige and Skoog medium containing 30 g/L Glucose and combination of 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4 D) with kinetin (kin). Total polyphenol content was observed on Sulawesi 1 cocoa clone. Embryogenic and non-embryogenic callus were also compared. The percentage of callus production from flower tissue is 85%, percentage of embryogenic callus 40 %, although the percentage of somatic embryo production from embryogenic callus callus is 70%. The conservation of callus into somatic embryos followed by decline in phenol content and an increase in peroxidase. The synthesis kinetics for these compounds in calli, under different somatic embryogenesis conditions, revealed a higher concentration under non-embryogenic conditions. So that, phenolic compound can influence the production of calli and an absence the phenolic compound can enhance production of somatic embryo.Kata kunci: Theobroma cacao L., polifenol, embrio somatik, kalus, flavonoid, katekin, in vitro recalcitance

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Laird, J. M., P. G. de la Rubia i F. Cervero. "Excitability changes of somatic and viscero-somatic nociceptive reflexes in the decerebrate-spinal rabbit: role of NMDA receptors." Journal of Physiology 489, nr 2 (1.12.1995): 545–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1995.sp021071.

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Hazubska-Przybył, Teresa, i Monika Dering. "Somaclonal Variation During Picea abies and P. omorika Somatic Embryogenesis and Cryopreservation". Acta Biologica Cracoviensia s. Botanica 59, nr 1 (1.06.2017): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/abcsb-2017-0003.

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AbstractEmbryogenic cultures of plants are exposed to various stress factors bothin vitroand during cryostorage. In order to safely include the plant material obtained by somatic embryogenesis in combination with cryopreservation for breeding programs, it is necessary to monitor its genetic stability. The aim of the present study was the assessment of somaclonal variation in plant material obtained from embryogenic cultures ofPicea abies(L.) Karst. andP. omorika(Pančić) Purk. maintainedin vitroor stored in liquid nitrogen by the pregrowth-dehydration method. The analysis of genetic conformity with using microsatellite markers was performed on cotyledonary somatic embryos (CSE), germinating somatic embryos (GSE) and somatic seedlings (SS), obtained from tissues maintainedin vitroor from recovered embryogenic tissues (ETc) and CSE obtained after cryopreservation. The analysis revealed changes in the DNA of somatic embryogenesis-derived plant material of bothPiceaspp. They were found in plant material from 8 out of 10 tested embryogenic lines ofP. abiesand in 10 out of 19 embryogenic lines ofP. omorikaafterin vitroculture. Changes were also detected in plant material obtained after cryopreservation. Somaclonal variation was observed in ETc and CSE ofP. omorikaand at ETv stage ofP. abies. However, most of the changes were induced at the stage of somatic embryogenesis initiation. These results confirm the need for monitoring the genetic stability of plants obtained by somatic embryogenesis and after cryopreservation for both spruce species.

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Ghia, Emanuela M., Erin Smith, Christopher DeBoever, Laura Z. Rassenti, Sophie Rozenzhak, Peter Shepard, Hakan Alakus i in. "Genomic Analysis of Serial Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Samples Suggests That Epigenetic Changes, Rather Than Clonal Evolution, May Drive the Progression of This Leukemia". Blood 120, nr 21 (16.11.2012): 4563. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.4563.4563.

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Abstract Abstract 4563 The clinical course of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is heterogeneous, with some patients requiring treatment relatively soon after diagnosis and others having indolent disease for many years. Some patients with indolent disease, however may develop more aggressive disease over time that requires therapy. To identify genetic and epigenetic changes that associate with the transition from indolent to aggressive disease, we used genomic methods to analyze sequential samples obtained from 19 CLL patients evaluated at the UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center who ultimately required treatment, as per iwCLL guidelines. For all patients, the first time point sample collection (SC1) was obtained within 1 year post-diagnosis and the second time point sample collection (SC2) was obtained within 1 year before treatment. We performed whole-exome sequencing (Agilent 50Mb capture, 100×) and methylation (450K) array analyses on leukemia cells and germline DNA. Somatic allele frequencies ranged from < 10% to 50%, suggesting heterogeneity within the tumor. When comparing SC1 versus SC2, we observed changes in somatic allele frequency for 6 (32%) of 19 patients, however 13 (68%) of 19 patients did not have evidence for clonal evolution at the somatic level, suggesting that the acquisition of additional somatic mutations did not drive CLL progression and that the clonal population structure remains stable throughout disease progression with multiple clones per patient. Using 450K CpG methylation arrays, we identified 52,409 sites (FDR=0.05) that changed consistently between SC1 and SC2 across 19 patients, suggesting that epigenetic changes were widespread, even without detectable somatic mutations. In summary, our results imply that CLL progression can occur in the absence of somatic mutations, but rather may reflect non-stochastic alterations in the epigenome altering RNA expression. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Smyda-Dajmund, Paulina, Jadwiga Śliwka, Clizia Villano, Marta Janiszewska, Riccardo Aversano, Piotr Tomasz Bednarek, Domenico Carputo i Ewa Zimnoch-Guzowska. "Analysis of Cytosine Methylation in Genomic DNA of Solanum × michoacanum (+) S. tuberosum Somatic Hybrids". Agronomy 11, nr 5 (26.04.2021): 845. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11050845.

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Interspecific somatic hybridization is a noteworthy breeding strategy that allows the production of novel genetic variability when crossing barriers exist between two parental species. Although the genetic consequences of somatic hybridization have been well documented, little is known on its impact at the epigenetic level. The objective of our research was to investigate the epigenetic changes, in particular DNA methylation, occurring in a population of potato somatic hybrids. The analysis of 96 Solanum × michoacanum (+) S. tuberosum somatic hybrids from five fusion combinations and their parents was carried out by methylation-sensitive amplified polymorphism (MSAP) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods. Six MSAP primer combinations generated 622 unique bands, of which 295 were fully methylated. HPLC analysis showed from 15.5% to 16.9% total cytosine methylation within the parental forms. Overall, the MSAP and HPLC methods indicated an increase in DNA methylation in the somatic hybrids in comparison to their parents. Among the latter, a lower degree of DNA methylation in the wild S. × michoacanum species than S. tuberosum was found. Our findings indicated that somatic hybridization changed the level of cytosine methylation in the studied potato somatic hybrids.

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Sevilla, María A., Mario A. Hermsen, Marjan M. Weiss, Anneliese Grimbergen, Milagros Balbín, José Luis Llorente, Juan Pablo Rodrigo i Carlos Suárez. "Chromosomal changes in sporadic and familial head and neck paragangliomas". Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 140, nr 5 (maj 2009): 724–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otohns.2009.01.004.

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Objective: Paragangliomas (PGLs) of the head and neck are benign neoplasms derived from the autonomic nervous system. Familial PGLs have been associated with germline mutations in succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) genes, and occasionally in Von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) and RET. The aim of this study was to compare somatic DNA copy number changes in tumors of familial and sporadic origin. Material and Methods: Eight familial and 16 sporadic patients were analyzed for germline mutations and exon deletions in SDHB, SDHC, SDHD, VHL, and RET by direct sequencing and MLPA. Microarray CGH analysis was applied to map genome-wide somatic copy number changes. Results: Fifteen cases carried a germline mutation in SDHB or SDHD, four of which not described before. Microarray CGH detected abnormalities in 10 of 18 cases, most frequently concerning deletions at 1p, 1q, and 11q, the sites where SDH are located. However, these deletions occurred in both SDH mutation–positive and SDH mutation–negative cases. Conclusions: These data suggest that inactivating germline SDH mutations and somatic deletions of SDH genes as a “second hit” are involved in a subset, but not in all PGLs. Additional genes and mechanisms may need to be studied, especially in the group of sporadic PGL showing no chromosomal aberrations.

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Saini, Natalie, Camille K. Giacobone, Leszek J. Klimczak, Brian N. Papas, Adam B. Burkholder, Jian-Liang Li, David C. Fargo i in. "UV-exposure, endogenous DNA damage, and DNA replication errors shape the spectra of genome changes in human skin". PLOS Genetics 17, nr 1 (14.01.2021): e1009302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1009302.

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Human skin is continuously exposed to environmental DNA damage leading to the accumulation of somatic mutations over the lifetime of an individual. Mutagenesis in human skin cells can be also caused by endogenous DNA damage and by DNA replication errors. The contributions of these processes to the somatic mutation load in the skin of healthy humans has so far not been accurately assessed because the low numbers of mutations from current sequencing methodologies preclude the distinction between sequencing errors and true somatic genome changes. In this work, we sequenced genomes of single cell-derived clonal lineages obtained from primary skin cells of a large cohort of healthy individuals across a wide range of ages. We report here the range of mutation load and a comprehensive view of the various somatic genome changes that accumulate in skin cells. We demonstrate that UV-induced base substitutions, insertions and deletions are prominent even in sun-shielded skin. In addition, we detect accumulation of mutations due to spontaneous deamination of methylated cytosines as well as insertions and deletions characteristic of DNA replication errors in these cells. The endogenously induced somatic mutations and indels also demonstrate a linear increase with age, while UV-induced mutation load is age-independent. Finally, we show that DNA replication stalling at common fragile sites are potent sources of gross chromosomal rearrangements in human cells. Thus, somatic mutations in skin of healthy individuals reflect the interplay of environmental and endogenous factors in facilitating genome instability and carcinogenesis.

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Jeyaretnam, Benjamin, Hazel Y. Wetzstein, Sharad C. Phatak i Russel W. Carlson. "Changes in Storage Reserves of Pecan Somatic Embryos during Maturation and Maturation Enhancement Treatments". HortScience 30, nr 4 (lipiec 1995): 756D—756. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.756d.

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Changes in lipid and total protein content of somatic embryos of pecan (Carya illinoinensis) were estimated during maturation, cold treatment alone (3, 5, or 8 weeks) or cold followed by dessication (3, 5, or 7 days). Triglyceride was estimated colorimetrically and methyl esters of fatty acids were analyzed by GC-MS. Total protein was extracted from the same tissue with 2% SDS in Tris·HCL buffer. Triglyceride content of enlarged somatic embryos was significantly lower than zygotic embryos and further declined after 5 weeks cold treatment. An even greater decline was observed during the desiccation treatment. The most abundant fatty acids in small and enlarged somatic embryos are linolenic > palmitic > oleic > stearic acid. However, the molar ratio of linolenic to oleic reached 1:1 after 5 weeks of cold treatment. During enlargement, protein content increased to levels found in zygotic embryos, with desiccation resulting in further elevation.

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Grzyb, Małgorzata, Justyna Wróbel-Marek, Ewa Kurczyńska, Mirosław Sobczak i Anna Mikuła. "Symplasmic Isolation Contributes to Somatic Embryo Induction and Development in the Tree Fern Cyathea delgadii Sternb". Plant and Cell Physiology 61, nr 7 (6.05.2020): 1273–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcaa058.

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Abstract In this report, we describe studies on symplasmic communication and cellular rearrangement during direct somatic embryogenesis (SE) in the tree fern Cyathea delgadii. We analyzed changes in the symplasmic transport of low-molecular-weight fluorochromes, such as 8-hydroxypyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid, trisodium salt (HPTS) and fluorescein (delivered to cells as fluorescein diacetate, FDA), within stipe explants and somatic embryos originating from single epidermal cells and developing during 16-d long culture. Induction of SE is preceded by a restriction in fluorochrome distribution between certain explant cells. Microscopic analysis showed a series of cellular changes like a decrease in vacuole size, increase in vacuole numbers, and increased density of cytoplasm and deposition of electron-dense material in cell walls that may be related with embryogenic transition. In somatic embryos, the limited symplasmic communication between cells was observed first in linear tri-cellular embryos. Further development of the fern embryo was associated with the formation of symplasmic domains corresponding to the four segments of the plant body. Using symplasmic tracers, we provided evidence that the changes in plasmodesmata permeability are corelated with somatic-to-embryogenic transition and somatic embryo development.

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Adkinson, R. W., R. H. Gough, R. Graham i A. Yilmaz. "Implications of Proposed Changes in Bulk Tank Somatic Cell Count Regulations". Journal of Dairy Science 84, nr 2 (luty 2001): 370–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(01)74486-4.

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INUI, NOBUYUKI. "CHANGES OF THE SOMATIC-AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM IN THE MOTOR LEARNING". Japanese Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine 37, nr 1 (1988): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.7600/jspfsm1949.37.51.

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Blanckaert, Axelle, Lionel Belingheri, Jacques Vasseur i Jean-Louis Hilbert. "Changes in lipid composition during somatic embryogenesis in leaves of Cichorium". Plant Science 157, nr 2 (sierpień 2000): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9452(00)00279-x.

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Kalinina, Olga, Agnès Marchio, Aleksandr I. Urbanskii, Aleksandra B. Tarkova, Khadija Rebbani, Dmitri A. Granov, Anne Dejean, Mikhail I. Generalov i Pascal Pineau. "Somatic changes in primary liver cancer in Russia: A pilot study". Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis 755, nr 2 (sierpień 2013): 90–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mrgentox.2013.06.019.

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Fernandez, F. R., i J. A. White. "Gain Control in CA1 Pyramidal Cells Using Changes in Somatic Conductance". Journal of Neuroscience 30, nr 1 (6.01.2010): 230–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.3995-09.2010.

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Uchida, T., J. J. White, Jr. i H. Neuwirth. "DNA minisatellites demonstrate somatic DNA changes in most human bladder cancers". Cytogenetic and Genome Research 53, nr 1 (1990): 61–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000132896.

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Armon, Carmel. "Accrued somatic mutations (nucleic acid changes) trigger ALS: 2005-2015 update". Muscle & Nerve 53, nr 6 (8.04.2016): 842–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mus.25049.

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HEIKEN, AAGE. "INDUCTION OF SOMATIC CHANGES IN SOLANUM TUBEROSUM BY ACUTE GAMMA IRRADIATION". Hereditas 47, nr 3-4 (2.09.2009): 606–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5223.1961.tb01789.x.

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Leljak-Levanić, Dunja, Nataša Bauer, Snježana Mihaljević i Sibila Jelaska. "Changes in DNA methylation during somatic embryogenesis in Cucurbita pepo L." Plant Cell Reports 23, nr 3 (23.06.2004): 120–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00299-004-0819-6.

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Pinto, Glória, Sónia Silva, Lucinda Neves, Clara Araújo i Conceição Santos. "Histocytological changes and reserve accumulation during somatic embryogenesis in Eucalyptus globulus". Trees 24, nr 4 (25.05.2010): 763–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00468-010-0446-5.

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