Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Solid waste biodegradation

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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Solid waste biodegradation”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 6 września 2023

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Solid waste biodegradation"

T, Siva, i P. Serfoji. "Biodegradation of different organic solid waste by using epigeic earthworms". International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-2, Issue-3 (30.04.2018): 2494–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd12791.

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Zhang, Zhen Ying, i Da Zhi Wu. "Study on the Biodegradation Strength Properties for Municipal Solid Waste with Higher Content of Organic Matter". Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (lipiec 2011): 918–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.918.

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Basing on the new developed direct shear testing instrument, the biodegradation strength properties and strength parameters of municipal solid waste with higher content of organic matter have been studied. The municipal solid waste is divided into three parts: the material that is easy to be biodegraded, reinforced material that is difficult to be biodegraded and the incompressible solid waste material. The proportions of these three parts are 80%, 5% and 15%, respectively. A series of laboratory tests have been performed for different initial void ratios and different vertical pressures applied on the test specimen. Testing results show that the initial void ratio is the main influence factor for the biodegradation strength of the municipal solid waste, the relationship between the biodegradation shear stress and the shear strain is a strain hardening curve, the biodegradation shear stress gradually increases with the shear strain. Besides, the biodegradation shear strength shows a linear relationship to the vertical pressure applied on the test specimen, and it is in accordance with the law of coulomb. According to the testing results, the biodegradation shear strength parameters of municipal solid waste are obtained. The cohesion varies from 11.5 to 24.0kPa, and the internal friction angle varies from 8.3 to 29.0 degree.

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Gautam, S. P., P. S. Bundela, A. K. Pandey, R. K. Jain, P. R. Deo, S. K. Khare, M. K. Awasthi i Surendra Sarsaiya. "Biodegradation and Recycling of Urban Solid Waste". American Journal of Environmental Sciences 5, nr 5 (1.05.2009): 653–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/ajessp.2009.653.656.

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El-Fadel, M., A. N. Findikakis i J. O. Leckie. "Temperature Effects in Modeling Solid Waste Biodegradation". Environmental Technology 17, nr 9 (wrzesień 1996): 915–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593331708616462.

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Yapaev, R. R., I. R. Faskhutdinov i L. A. Nasyrova. "INVESTIGATION OF INITIATING ADDITIVE EFFECT ON BIOGAS FORMATION DURING SOLID HOUSEHOLD AND MUNICIPAL WASTE DECOMPOSITION". Problems of Gathering Treatment and Transportation of Oil and Oil Products, nr 2 (16.05.2023): 195–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.17122/ntj-oil-2023-2-195-204.

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The article is devoted to the problem of the biogas formation process during solid household and municipal waste decomposition. It is noted the necessity to ensure a constant temperature regime of biodegradation at landfills under natural conditions of waste disposal, as well as the intensification of the process itself. The results of experimental studies on the production of biogas during the decomposition of model mixtures from solid household and municipal waste in laboratory conditions in the presence of initiating additives are presented. The aim of the work is to study the effect of initiating additives on biogas formation during the biodegradation of solid household and municipal waste with the defining of the best intensifier. As a result of the research, the authors obtained results indicating the effect of dietary supplements on the formation of biogas during the organic waste decomposition. The factors that affect the process of mixtures biodegradation are revealed, proving the validity of the use of initiating additives, as well as the use of landfills of solid household and municipal waste of a new design.

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Wang, J. Y., O. Stabnikova, S. T. L. Tay, V. Ivanov i J. H. Tay. "Biotechnology of intensive aerobic conversion of sewage sludge and food waste into fertilizer". Water Science and Technology 49, nr 10 (1.05.2004): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0631.

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Biotechnology for intensive aerobic bioconversion of sewage sludge and food waste into fertilizer was developed. The wastes were treated in a closed reactor under controlled aeration, stirring, pH, and temperature at 60¡C, after addition of starter bacterial culture Bacillus thermoamylovorans. The biodegradation of sewage sludge was studied by decrease of volatile solids (VS), content of organic carbon and autofluorescence of coenzyme F420. The degradation of anaerobic biomass was faster than biodegradation of total organic matter. The best fertilizer was obtained when sewage sludge was thermally pre-treated, mixed with food waste, chalk, and artificial bulking agent. The content of volatile solid and the content of organic carbon decreased at 24.8% and 13.5% of total solids, respectively, during ten days of bioconversion. The fertilizer was a powder with moisture content of 5%. It was stable, and not toxic for the germination of plant seeds. Addition of 1.0 to 1.5% of this fertilizer to the subsoil increased the growth of different plants tested by 113 to 164%. The biotechnology can be applied in larger scale for the recycling of sewage sludge and food wastes in Singapore.

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Warith, Mostafa A., Walied Zekry i Neeraj Gawri. "Effect of Leachate Recirculation on Municipal Solid Waste Biodegradation". Water Quality Research Journal 34, nr 2 (1.05.1999): 267–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1999.012.

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Abstract Biological processes are known to reduce the organic fraction of municipal solid waste, but current landfilling practices have not been altered to reflect this knowledge. The advantages of enhancing degradation of solid waste include reduced period of leachate treatment, increased methane production, expedited landfill site reclamation through stabilized waste mining, and accelerated subsidence permitting recovery of valuable landfill air space. The techniques that can be used to enhance biological degradation include leachate recirculation, addition of nutrients, shredding, sludge and buffer solutions addition, lift design, temperature, and moisture content management. Manipulation of these variables promotes a more conducive environment for microbial activity. This paper presents the results of a leachate recirculation experiment into three pilots scale solid waste cells. A computer-operated pumping system controlled the rate of recirculated leachate into the solid waste cells. The leachate was recirculated over a period of 65 weeks, and effluent samples were obtained on a weekly basis and analyzed for pH, BOD, COD, TOC and heavy metal concentrations. The experimental results indicated that addition of supplemental materials to the leachate during recirculation has a positive effect on the rate of biological degradation of solid waste. The addition of primary sludge and supplemental nutrients resulted on a rapid increase in BOD and COD concentrations in the effluent samples. This rapid increase in BOD and COD concentrations suggests that following a lag phase prior to the methano-jenesis phase, a rapid decrease in the organic load in the leachate will be ichieved within a reasonable time frame. In addition, the results of this investigation indicates that the primary sludge is an excellent source of microbial inoculum. The addition of supplemental nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) with buffer also increases the concentration of the BOD and COD in the effluent samples, proving that a balance of pH and an increase in the available nutrients increases biological activities in the solid waste cells compared to the control cell.

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Candiani, Giovano. "MONITORING THE PROCESS OF BIODEGRADATION AND METHANE GAS GENERATION IN AN EXPERIMENTAL CELL OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IN BRAZIL". Revista Científica FAEMA 13, nr 1 (6.08.2022): 114–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31072/rcf.v13i1.907.

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Organic waste is particularly important as it influences the generation of leachate and gas in the landfill. This work aimed to monitor the process of biodegradation and methane gas generation in an experimental cell with urban solid waste in Brazil. Monitoring in the experimental cell was carried out for 1.100 days, using environmental measurement equipment and portable gas analyzers with measurements in the central vertical drain of the experimental cell. It was possible to monitor the methane gas generation curve and the composition of biogas during the solid waste biodegradation process. The results obtained from the research confirmed the explanation for the drop in the methane generation rate observed in several landfills after the completion of waste disposal.

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Yunus, Anika, David J. Smallman, Anne Stringfellow, Richard Beaven i William Powrie. "Characterisation of the recalcitrant organic compounds in leachates formed during the anaerobic biodegradation of waste". Water Science and Technology 64, nr 2 (1.07.2011): 311–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.636.

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This study investigates the use of UV absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy to assess the early development of recalcitrant organic compounds in leachates formed during the anaerobic biodegradation of municipal solid waste. Biochemical methane potential tests were carried out on fresh waste (FW) and composted waste (CW) over a period of 150 days and leachates produced from the degradation of two wastes were analysed for humic-like (H-L) and fulvic-like (F-L) structures by UV spectroscopy and fluorescence excitation–emission-matrix analyses. During anaerobic biodegradation, the synthesis and utilization of H-L and F-L structures in the leachates over time was indicative of the generation of the recalcitrant organic compounds. The results obtained from UV absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy suggested that CW leachates resulted in a higher concentration and more condensed form of recalcitrant H-L and F-L molecules than FW leachates. These findings demonstrate how fluorescence and UV absorption spectroscopy can be used as an indicator for monitoring the evolution of recalcitrant organic compounds (H-L and F-L substances) in leachates formed at different stages of waste biodegradation.

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Kong, Dequan, Rong Wan i Yonghui Wang. "Sample Preparation Methods Affect Engineering Characteristic Tests of Municipal Solid Waste". Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (26.06.2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9280561.

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The output of municipal solid waste (MSW) has sharply increased over the recent years, which induces many severe problems (environmental pollution, deteriorating human health, and increased land occupation). Engineering parameters form the research basis for MSW treatment, which can be greatly influenced by the applied sample preparation methods. Currently, the preparation method of MSW samples mostly refers to the geotechnical test standard. The suitability and accuracy of this method for MSW are less studied, especially when considering biodegradation, so further research is needed. Depending on whether the material is dried or remains wet during preparation, the samples made by traditional geotechnical test standards are referred to as dry method samples or wet method samples, respectively. To study the influence of the sample preparation methods on the MSW engineering properties of MSW, the compression tests, direct shear tests, and biodegradation compression tests were conducted for both types of samples (dry and wet). The results show that the data dispersion of the wet method samples is stronger. The average test data variance of wet samples was 1.43–8.85 times higher than that of dry samples. In both the direct shear test and the compression test, the differences in engineering parameters caused by the sample preparation method were less than 12.3% and 8.9%, respectively. In biodegradation compression tests, the difference in engineering parameters reached up to 33.7%. In general, the dry method is preferred for tests that do not consider biodegradation, while the wet method is more suitable for tests that consider biodegradation. The research can be used as a reference toward improving the simplicity and accuracy of MSW tests.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Solid waste biodegradation"

Yagoub, Sally. "Biodegradation of leather solid waste". Thesis, University of Northampton, 2006. http://nectar.northampton.ac.uk/2675/.

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Waste management in the leather industry worldwide is an issue of major importance for both solid and liquid wastes. It has been recognised that there are major environmental impacts from the poorly managed disposal of such wastes and these have a clear health impact upon human society. Within Europe, under EU driven legislation, the costs of wastes management are increasing rapidly and there is a clear need to research improved methods to cost effectively deal with leather industry wastes. Biodegradation (anaerobic), as a management option, of solid wastes from the leather industry is an area that is attracting increased interest in recent years as being a technique that has wide public acceptability as well as process efficiency. However, tanning agents that prolong the lifetime of leather goods have a negative impact on biodegradation and this needs to be addressed before efficient treatment can occur. To drive the agenda this research has the aims of • Highlighting the effects of tanning agent on anaerobic digestion. • Understanding the mechanism(s) by which different leather tannages can biodegraded. • Developing a process to reverse the action of tannage. Leather solid wastes were anaerobically digested using Serum Bottle Assays (SBA). The effect of a range of vegetable, mineral and aldehyde tanning agents of leather on the rate of anaerobic digestion was assessed. Common tanning agents used included; myrica, valonea, glutaraldehyde and chrome. To further identify key factors for cost effective anaerobic digestion, tanned hide powders and tanned leathers were also pre-treated using autoclaving, liming, enzymes etc, in an attempt to determine whether tannage may be reversed. Major techniques used in the research include: anaerobic digestion, Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP), Total Solids contents (TS), Gas Chromatography (GC) and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Hydrolysable tannins are less resistant to anaerobic digestion than condensed tannins. However, enzymatic pre-treatment reduces the resistance and this offers a new effective pre-treatment route. Thermal pre-treatment also decreased resistance to anaerobic digression especially for chrome, glutaraldehyde, myrica and tannic acid tanned leathers. Chemical pre-treatment also generally lowered the resistance to anaerobic digestion. Selective pre-treatment offers a means of improving the cost effectiveness of anaerobic digestion of leather and therefore enabling a new waste management method to be adopted by the industry. A relationship emerges, in some cases, between chemical structure of tanning agent and inhibition of anaerobic digestion. This offers the possibility of producing new, designed organic tanning agents with, suitable properties, to be adopted by the industiy, The research agenda within the leather industry is still ongoing and recommendations for future research are addressed

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Kelly, Ryan J. "Solid Waste Biodegradation Enhancements and the Evaluation of Analytical Methods Used to Predict Waste Stability". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32484.

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Conventional landfills are built to dispose of the increasing amount of municipal solid waste (MSW) generated each year. A relatively new type of landfill, called a bioreactor landfill, is designed to optimize the biodegradation of the contained waste to stabilized products. Landfills with stabilized waste pose little threat to the environment from ozone depleting gases and groundwater contamination. Limited research has been done to determine the importance of biodegradation enhancement techniques and the analytical methods that are used to characterize waste stability. The purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of several biodegradation enhancements and to evaluate the analytical methods which predict landfill stability. In the first part of this study leachate recirculation, and moisture and temperature management were found to significantly affect the biodegradation of MSW. Leachate recirculation, increased moisture, and higher temperatures increased the first order degradation rates of cellulose and volatile solids. Of the three enhancements, temperature was shown to have the biggest impact on the biodegradation of waste, but sufficient moisture is critical for degradation. Plastic material was also shown to significantly impact the measurements for volatile solids and lignin, which is important if these measurements are used to establish waste stability. In the second part of the study the analytical methods used to characterize waste were evaluated to determine if relationships existed between the methods and which methods were the best predictors of waste stability. Volatile solids and cellulose were found to be the best parameters to monitor waste in landfills. These parameters correlate well with each other, age of the waste, and other parameters. Volatile solids and cellulose are also relatively easy to determine, quick, and show little variation.
Master of Science

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Kim, Jongmin. "Effect of plastics on the lignin results for MSW and the fate of lignin in laboratory solid waste reactors". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35579.

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Cellulose to lignin ratio is one of the widely used indicators of degree of landfill stabilization. This ratio shows the amount of carbohydrate or cellulose consumed by anaerobes compared to relatively inert lignin. However, the method of lignin measurement contains an intrinsic error. Plastics are contained in the landfill samples and these are characterized as lignaceous materials due to their acid-insolubility. Lignin is typically measured as the organic residue that is acid insoluble but is combustible upon ignition. Additionally lignin may degrade under anaerobic, high temperature conditions associated with wet conditions in sediments and bioreactor landfills.

In this study, it has been found that the typical measure of lignin, a gravimetric measure, also includes plastics, leading to erroneous measures of both lignin and the cellulose/lignin (C/L) ratio. Typically, 100% of the plastic will be measured as lignin. Since plastic amounts to approximately 10% of landfill contents, lignin measurements will be 10% greater than actual amounts. Laboratory reactors were set up with known amounts of paper and plastic. The degradation of the cellulose and lignin in paper was measured and compared to plastics, which was collected by hand and weighed. Ratios of cellulose to plastics and lignin to plastics were obtained. It was found, based on the cellulose to plastic ratio and lignin to plastic ration that lignin degrades under anaerobic conditions although at a much slower rate than cellulose. These findings indicate that the cellulose to lignin ratio cannot be used as the sole indicator of stabilization in the landfills. The inclusion of the biochemical methane potential test data along with C/L is thought to provide a better indication of landfill stabilization.

Master of Science

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Mooder, Robert Brent. "Numerical simulation of moisture movement, anaerobic biodegradation, and dissolved organic carbon transport in municipal solid waste". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0007/MQ34394.pdf.

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Bricker, Garrett Demyan. "Analytical Methods of Testing Solid Waste and Leachate to Determine Landfill Stability and Landfill Biodegradation Enhancement". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35162.

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This was a study undertaken to investigate municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill stability parameters and landfill leachate properties to determine how solid waste and leachate characteristics can be used to describe stability. The primary objective was to determine if leachate properties could be used to determine stability of the overlying refuse. All landfills studied were engineered landfill bioreactors giving insight to how leachate recirculation affects stability. This study investigated the correlation between cellulose, lignin, volatile solids, and biochemical methane production (BMP). These parameters can been used to characterize landfill stability. The BMP tests indicate that a saturated waste can produce methane. Cellulose is an indicator of landfill stability. Wastes high in cellulose content were found to have high BMP. Paper samples studied indicated gas production from high-cellulose paper was higher compared to low-cellulose samples. Lignin has been found to correlate fairly well with BMP. Increasing cellulose to lignin ratios correlate well with increasing BMP levels, further supporting the use of the BMP test to indicate solid waste stability. In the BMP test for leachate, a mixture of the standard growth medium (less 80% distilled water) and 80% v/v leachate incubated for 15 days produced the most consistent BMP results. Leachate cellulose and BMP correlated well. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) also had some correlation to BMP tests. Leachate COD was found to decrease over time in landfill bioreactors. The use of leachate rather than MSW to determine stability would be more efficient.
Master of Science

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Gawande, Nitin. "MODELING MICROBIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL PROCESSES IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE BIOREACTOR: DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATIONS OF A THREE-PHA". Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2009. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3803.

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The numerical computer models that simulate municipal solid waste (MSW) bioreactor landfills have mainly two components--a biodegradation process module and a multi-phase flow module. The biodegradation model describes the chemical and microbiological processes of solid waste biodegradation. The models available to date include predefined solid waste biodegradation reactions and participating species. In a bioreactor landfill several processes, such as anaerobic and aerobic biodegradation, nitrogen and sulfate cycling, precipitation and dissolution of metals, and adsorption and gasification of various anthropogenic organic compounds, occur simultaneously. These processes may involve reactions of several species and the available biochemical models for solid waste biodegradation do not provide users with the flexibility to selectively simulate these processes. This research work includes the development of a generalized biochemical process model, BIOKEMOD-3P, which can accommodate a large number of species and process reactions. This model is able to simulate bioreactor landfill processes in a completely mixed condition; when coupled with a multi-phase model it will be able to simulate a full-scale bioreactor landfill. This generalized biochemical model can simulate laboratory and pilot-scale operations which are important to determine biochemical parameters important for simulation of full-scale operations. To illustrate application of BIOKEMOD-3P, two sets of laboratory MSW bioreactors were simulated in this research work. The first demonstrated simulation of data from anaerobic biodegradation of MSW in experimental bioreactors. In another application, simultaneous nitrification and denitrification processes in MSW bioreactors were simulated. The results from these simulations generated information about various modeling parameters that would help implement these processes in a full-scale bioreactor landfill operation.
Ph.D.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Environmental Engineering PhD

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Boda, Borbala. "Evaluation of Stability Parameters for Landfills". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34399.

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There are more than three thousand landfills in the United States, in which approximately 55% (1998, U. S. EPA 1999) of the MSW generated in the US is buried. The majority of the landfills are conventional, but in the last two decades new types of landfills, called leachate recycle and bioreactor landfills, have been designed and tested as an enhanced environment for biochemical degradation of municipal solid waste. All the landfills are regulated under Subtitle D of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). The shortage of time and money has limited the amount of research done on waste stability analysis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the importance of lignocelluloses in biodegradation and the secondary settlement based on dry density and typical landfill evaluating parameters. Both parts of the study samples were collected and analyzed from eleven landfills. In the first part of the study, bioreactor landfills were found more effective, faster in the degradation of VS and cellulose as compared to conventional landfills. The time required for stabilization is reduced to about 1/3 that of conventional landfills. The lignocelluloses degradation that occurs in these landfills is happening in two phases. In the initial, rapid degradation phase, the primary degradation substrate is cellulose. In the second phase, after cellulose degraded to 15-20% of the waste, degradation of the remaining cellulose along with lignin and the hemicelluloses takes place. The start of lignin and hemicellulose degradation results in an increase in the biochemical methane potential (BMP). In the second part of the study, the addition of moisture to the landfills presented a contentious issue. Moisture is encouraged for MSW refuse degradation, but for settlement it reduces compressibility. In leachate recycle landfills, the dry density is higher than in conventional landfills; therefore there is more available room for further MSW load. The increase can reach up to 40 percent in total volume.
Master of Science

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Nair, Arjun. "Effect of Leachate Blending on Anaerobic Digestion of Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste". Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/24404.

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Anaerobic digestion of the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste (OFMSW) generates a mixture of methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O). Beyond the field capacity the water generated is collected and recirculated as leachate in Bioreactor Landfills (BLs.) Leachate recirculation has a profound advantage on biodegradation of the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste (OFMSW) in the landfills. Mature leachate from older sections of landfills (>20 years) and young leachate were blended prior to recirculation in the ratios 3/3 mature, 3/3 young, 1/3 mature-2/3 young and 2/3 old-1/3 young and their effect on biodegradation and biogas production monitored. In addition to analysis of the effect of blending old and new leachates, the study also analyses the effect of an open vs. a closed recirculation loop and the effect of organic loading rates of OFMSW in landfills. Data collected from initial batch tests supplement column bioreactors simulating bioreactor landfills with real world OFMSW from operational landfill facilities in Ontario, Canada. The results are conclusive that the biogas generation can be improved by up to 92% by blending the leachate in an open loop recirculation system as compared to a conventional closed loop system employed in landfills today.

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Mortatti, Bruno Cesar 1985. "Determinação da condutividade hidráulica e análise química do lixiviado de resíduos sólidos urbanos utilizando permeâmetros de grandes dimensões". [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/287653.

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Orientador: Sueli Yoshinaga Pereira
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T20:11:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mortatti_BrunoCesar_M.pdf: 2082666 bytes, checksum: 0035bd7ef41b771d365f948dd694e18a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
Resumo: Dois permeâmetros de carga constante e grandes dimensões, com 0,057 e 0,042 metros cúbicos, respectivamente, foram utilizados em laboratório, sob condições controladas, para as determinações das condutividades hidráulicas saturadas de Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos (RSU) coletados no Aterro Sanitário Delta A, localizado na cidade de Campinas-SP. Duas fases experimentais foram delineadas envolvendo diferentes parâmetros como composição gravimétrica e grau de compactação. Para cada fase experimental foram realizados vários ensaios para as determinações das condutividades hidráulicas saturadas em função dos tempos de operação dos permeâmetros e levantamento das principais variáveis físicas envolvidas neste processo, como teor de umidade, capacidade de campo, carga hidráulica e vazão. Simultaneamente, os lixiviados oriundos de cada ensaio realizado foram coletados e monitorados pelas análises dos principais parâmetros e espécies químicas para avaliação das etapas envolvidas no processo de biodegradação dos RSU. As condutividades hidráulicas saturadas, determinadas nos ensaios realizados, variaram de 1,6E-02 a 5,7E-05 m/s em função dos diferentes graus de compactação. Algumas variáveis químicas se mostraram eficientes na identificação das etapas de biodegradação, como potencial redox, ácidos orgânicos voláteis, nitrogênio amoniacal, acetato e carbono total dissolvido. O comportamento dessas variáveis em função dos tempos de operação permitiu a identificação das etapas acidogênica/acetogênica na biodegradação dos RSU
Abstract: Two constant load and large dimensions permeameters, with 0.057 and 0.042 cubic meters, respectively, were used in laboratory, under controlled conditions, for the determination of saturated hydraulic conductivity of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) collected in the Delta A Sanitary Landfill, located at city of Campinas-SP. Two experimental phases were outlined involving different parameters such as gravimetric composition and degree of compression. For each experimental phase were carried out various tests for the determination of satured hydraulic conductivity as a function of the operation times of the permeameters and physical survey of the main variables involved in this process, such as, moisture content, field capacity, hydraulic head and volumetric flow rate. Simultaneously, the leachates coming of each test performed were collected and monitored by the analysis of the main parameters and chemical species for evaluation of the steps involved in the biodegradation of MSW. The saturated hydraulic conductivities, determined in tests, ranged from 1.6E-02 to 5.7E-05 m/s for different degrees of compression. Some chemical variables such as redox potential, volatile fatty acids, ammoniac nitrogen, acetate and dissolved total carbon, were effective in identifying the stages of biodegradation. The behavior of these variables as a function of time of operation allowed the identification of the acidogenic/acetogenic steps in the biodegradation of the MSW
Mestrado
Geologia e Recursos Naturais
Mestre em Geociências

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Agustini, Caroline Borges. "Isolamento microbiano na biodegradação de resíduos de curtumes". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/109147.

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Os resíduos do processo de curtumes e a crescente importância da geração de energia a partir de fontes renováveis fazem com que seja necessário estudar formas de biodegradação dos resíduos produzidos pela indústria coureira e gerar energia a partir disso. Os resíduos sólidos produzidos pelos curtumes contêm cromo e costumam ser dispostos em aterros industriais perigosos. O biogás com alto teor de metano é o produto dessa decomposição, através de digestão anaeróbia. A partir desses conceitos, esse trabalho propõe realizar ensaios de biodegradação com lodo, proveniente de uma estação de tratamento de efluentes de curtumes, e com farelo de couro wet-blue (couro curtido ao cromo) em biorreatores de bancada. O objetivo principal foi isolar, quantificar e identificar os microrganismos que apresentam potencial de produzir biogás com alto teor de metano. Ainda, a forma de armazenamento prévio do lodo adicionado também foi analisada. Primeiramente, incubou-se o lodo com farelo de couro wet-blue em biorreatores de bancada (dez ensaios de biodegradação divididos em duas montagens) e análises de quantificação e de qualificação do biogás gerado foram feitas. Depois, realizou-se a coleta de alíquotas da biomassa gerada nos biorreatores em diferentes fases do crescimento. O isolamento da biomassa coletada foi conduzido em frascos tipo penicilina com meio de cultura propício para o crescimento de arqueas metanogênicas, onde era possível a incubação em atmosfera anaeróbia. A partir dos crescimentos dos microrganismos, realizaram-se testes de contagem, isolamento, coloração de Gram, além de novos testes de coleta de biomassa dos próprios frascos. Como resultado, a influência do armazenamento prévio do lodo na biodegradação deste com farelo de couro wet-blue ainda não foi totalmente elucidada. Os microrganismos isolados não eram arqueas metanogênicas. Realizou-se a contagem de microrganismos, em dois ensaios de biodegradação que tiveram sua biomassa coletada. O primeiro biorreator analisado (biorreator 4) apresentou 1,90 x 109 e 4,45 x 106 UFC/mL para o sólido precipitado e para o líquido sobrenadante, respectivamente. O segundo biorreator analisado (biorreator 7) apresentou 1,35 x 109 e 1,09 x 109 UFC/mL para o sólido precipitado sem e com adição de lodo ao meio de cultivo antes da autoclavagem, respectivamente, e 9,10 x 106 e 8,30 x 106 UFC/mL para o líquido sobrenadante sem e com adição de lodo ao meio de cultivo antes da autoclavagem, respectivamente. Foi detectado metano apenas nos frascos que continham alíquotas de biomassa provenientes dos biorreatores que estavam pouco diluídos, provenientes da coleta em fase final de produção de biogás, com quantidades elevadas de microrganismos. O percentual de metano encontrado nesses frascos variou entre 25,75 e 53,66% e foi detectado após a terceira semana de incubação. A homogeneização do lodo se mostrou um fator de grande influência na biodegradação. A técnica de isolamento com a utilização de frascos de penicilina mostrou-se adequada para a quantificação de microrganismos metanogênicos presentes nos ensaios de biodegradação, mas ainda não adequada para o isolamento das arqueas metanogênicas.
The tanning process waste and the increasing importance of energy generation from renewable sources make the study of alternative biodegradation ways of the waste produced by leather industry and the generation of power from it a necessity. The solid residues produced by tanneries contain chromium and are usually disposed in hazardous industrial landfills. Biogas with high methane content is the product of this decomposition by anaerobic digestion. Based on these concepts, this study proposes to perform biodegradation tests with sludge, from a tannery effluent treatment plant, and with wet-blue (leather tanned with chromium) shavings in bench bioreactors. The main objective was to isolate, quantify and identify microorganisms with potential to produce biogas with high methane content. Further, the prior storage form of the added sludge was also analyzed. First, the sludge and the wet-blue shavings were incubated in bench bioreactors (ten biodegradation tests divided into two assemblies) and quantification and qualification analysis of the generated biogas were made. Later, biomass aliquots generated in the bioreactors were collected at different growth stages. The collected biomass isolation was conducted in penicillin type injectable vial filled with culture medium propitious for methanogenic archaea growth, where it was possible to incubate in anaerobic atmosphere. From microorganisms’ growth, test of counting, depletion, Gram stain and other biomass collection of the vials themselves were carried out. As a result, the prior sludge storage influence on biodegradation tests of sludge with wet-blue shavings was not yet fully elucidated. Isolated microorganisms were not methanogenic archaea. The microorganism counting was held in two biodegradation tests with collected biomass. The first bioreactor analyzed (bioreactor 4) showed 1,90 x 109 and 4,45 x 106 CFU/mL for the precipitated solid and the supernatant liquid, respectively. The second bioreactor analyzed (bioreactor 7) showed 1,35 x 109 and 1,09 x 109 for the precipitated solid without and with added sludge in the culture medium before autoclaving, respectively, and 9,10 x 106 and 8,30 x 106 CFU/mL for the supernatant liquid without and with added sludge in the culture medium before autoclaving, respectively. Methane was only detected in vials containing collected biomass aliquots from final stages of biogas production bioreactors that were bit diluted and had high amounts of microorganisms. The percentage of methane found in these vials ranged between 25,75 and 53,66% and was detected after three weeks of incubation. The sludge homogenization proved to be a great influence factor on biodegradation. The isolation technique with penicillin type injectable vial proved to be appropriate for methanogenic microorganisms’ quantification in biodegradation tests, although it is not fully understood for the methanogenic archaea isolation.

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Książki na temat "Solid waste biodegradation"

C, Palmisano Anna, i Barlaz Morton A, red. Microbiology of solid waste. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1996.

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F, Diaz Luis, red. Composting and recycling municipal solid waste. Boca Raton: Lewis Publishers, 1993.

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Wealth from waste: Trends and technologies. New Delhi: The Energy and Resources Institute, 2011.

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Solid waste management: Policy and planning for a sustainable society. Toronto: Apple Academic Press, 2015.

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Vismara, Renato, Francesca Malpei i Massimo Centemero. Biogas da rifiuti solidi urbani: Tecnologia, applicazioni, utilizzo. Palermo: Dario Flaccovio editore, 2008.

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Rada, Elena Cristina. Solid Waste Management. Taylor & Francis Group, 2021.

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Investigation of Biodegradation Processes in Solid Waste Landfills. Storming Media, 1997.

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Barlaz, Morton A., i Anna C. Palmisano. Microbiology of Solid Waste. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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Diaz, Luis F., Clarence G. Golueke, George M. Savage i Linda L. Eggerth. Composting and Recycling Municipal Solid Waste. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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Diaz, Luis F., Clarence G. Golueke, George M. Savage i Linda L. Eggerth. Composting and Recycling Municipal Solid Waste. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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Części książek na temat "Solid waste biodegradation"

Barlaz, Morton A., Bryan F. Staley i Francis L. de los Reyes. "Anaerobic Biodegradation of Solid Waste". W Environmental Microbiology, 281–99. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470495117.ch12.

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Shweta, Nistala, i S. Keshavkant. "Impact of Enzymes Based Treatment Methods on Biodegradation of Solid Wastes for Sustainable Environment". W Waste Management, 13–39. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429341106-2.

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Kozlov, Grigorii, i Mikhail Pushkarev. "Biodegradation of Chemical Waste Containing Anthracene by Municipal Solid Waste Composting". W XV International Scientific Conference “INTERAGROMASH 2022”, 2659–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21432-5_293.

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Reddy, Chejarla Venkatesh, Shekhar D. Rao i Ajay S. Kalamdhad. "Impact of Precipitation on Biodegradation of Fresh Municipal Solid Waste in Anaerobic Simulated Reactor". W Integrated Approaches Towards Solid Waste Management, 303–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70463-6_29.

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Liu, Jun-Long, Han Ke, Tony L. T. Zhan i Yun-Min Chen. "Simulation Tests of Biodegradation and Compression of Municipal Solid Waste". W Advances in Environmental Geotechnics, 521–24. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04460-1_48.

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Shoaf, Trevor J., i Abigail S. Engelberth. "Recycling of Multiple Organic Solid Wastes into Chemicals via Biodegradation". W Production of Biofuels and Chemicals from Sustainable Recycling of Organic Solid Waste, 205–42. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6162-4_7.

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Ranjan, Ved Prakash, i Sudha Goel. "Biodegradation of Floral Waste Under Aerobic Conditions with Different Microbial Inocula and Aeration Methods". W Treatment and Disposal of Solid and Hazardous Wastes, 1–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29643-8_1.

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Srivastava, Abhishek N., Rahul Singh, Sumedha Chakma i Volker Birke. "Advancements in Operations of Bioreactor Landfills for Enhanced Biodegradation of Municipal Solid Waste". W Circular Economy in Municipal Solid Waste Landfilling: Biomining & Leachate Treatment, 153–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07785-2_7.

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Felix, Mihigo, Manikandan Arjunan, Kavya Siddeshwar, Rajakumar Sundaram i Prashanthi Devi Marimuthu. "Biodegradation of Lead from Accumulated Municipal Solid Waste Using Bacterial Consortium for Effective Biomining". W Environmental Science and Engineering, 103–11. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64122-1_8.

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Merz, Erich R. "Biodegradation, a Non-Problem if Radioactive Raw Wastes are Properly Conditioned into a Final Solid Disposal Form?" W Microbial Degradation Processes in Radioactive Waste Repository and in Nuclear Fuel Storage Areas, 267–74. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5792-6_28.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Solid waste biodegradation"

Cobo, N., A. López i A. Lobo. "Biodegradation stability of organic solid waste characterized by physico-chemical parameters". W WASTE MANAGEMENT 2008. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/wm080171.

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Kechaou, Nabil, i E. Ammar. "Biodrying process: a sustainable technology for treatment of municipal solid wastes organic fraction". W 21st International Drying Symposium. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.7842.

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The Municipal Solid Waste of Agareb (Sfax –Tunisia), characterized by high organic fraction and moisture contents is the most worrying pollution source that must be managed by innovative treatment and recycling technologies. Bio-drying, as a waste to energy conversion technology, aims at reducing moisture content of this organic matter. This concept, similar to composting, is accomplished by using the heat generated from the microbial degradation of the waste matrix, while forced aeration is used. The purpose of this work was to reduce the moisture content of the waste, by maximizing drying and minimizing organic matter biodegradation, in order to produce a solid recovered fuel with high calorific value.Keywords: Municipal solid wastes; organic matter; biodrying; composting; energy recovery.

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Hendrianie, Nuniek, Sri Rachmania Juliastuti, Fanny Husna Ar-rosyidah i Hilal Abdur Rochman. "Study utilization of extractable petroleum hydrocarbons biodegradation waste as the main material for making solid fuels". W INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLICATION OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2016 (ISFAChE 2016): Proceedings of the 3rd International Seminar on Fundamental and Application of Chemical Engineering 2016. Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4982332.

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Constantinescu, Rodica Roxana, Gabriel Zainescu, Mariana Ferdes i Iulia Caniola. "Pelt waste degradation using active microbial consortia". W The 8th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems. INCDTP - Leather and Footwear Research Institute (ICPI), Bucharest, Romania, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/icams-2020.ii.5.

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In tanneries, environmental problems have special implications in terms of optimizing the consumption of used chemicals, applied technologies, the degree of recovery of useful substances from leather waste. Biodegradation is the process by which organic substances are broken down by microorganisms. From an ecological point of view, biodegradability assessments of new materials and compounds in the industry are essential to understand and quantify their impact on the environment. The sustainable development of the leather industry has focused on major environmental issues, such as clean production methods and waste management. Tanneries generate huge quantities of solid wastes as pelt waste. If these bio-waste materials are not utilized properly, they are potential source of pollution. Microbiological degradation of pelt waste is amongst the permanent concerns of leather processing units. The process may have the purpose of decomposing waste to exploit by-products as biocompost or to obtain proteases through a biotechnological process. These enzymes can be used after purification in various processes that have animal protein as a substrate. They can also be used in raw state for enzymatic hydrolysis. The paper aims at development of an experimental model on the bioenzymatic degradation process of protein waste from tanneries.

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Stelescu, Maria Daniela, Mihaela Nituica (Vilsan), Mihai Georgescu, Dana Gurău, Laurenția Alexandrescu i Maria Sönmez. "Behaviour of Nitrile Rubber-Based Mixtures to Composting Tests". W The 9th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems. INCDTP - Leather and Footwear Research Institute (ICPI), Bucharest, Romania, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/icams-2022.iv.14.

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The paper presents the behavior of some samples based on nitrile rubber reinforced with inorganic and organic type of filler, respectively, to composting. The organic filler used was obtained as waste in the leather and footwear industry. Before use, the waste was ground and then functionalized with potassium oleate in order to improve compatibility with the polymer matrix. The samples of rubber mixtures were obtained on a Brabender mixer, the vulcanization agents were added on a laboratory roller, and the vulcanization of the samples was performed in a hydraulic laboratory press, at 165°C, with a pressing force of 300 kN. The aerobic composting test was performed at laboratory scale, using solid, standardized and homogeneous synthetic waste. After a thermophilic incubation period of 42 days (at 58°C), followed by a period of mesophilic incubation (at the room temperature) of 42 of days, a decrease of some physico-mechanical properties was noticed (hardness, 100% modulus, tensile strength), of the gel fraction, and of the crosslinking densities, the largest decrease of these characteristics being observed in the sample with the highest content of organic filler. The results obtained may indicate that the biodegradation of the rubber samples is favored by the organic fillers.

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