Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Solid-gas interaction

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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Solid-gas interaction”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 6 września 2023

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Solid-gas interaction"

Dolmatov, A. I., i S. A. Polyviany. "Interaction of Solid Particles from a Gas Stream with the Surface of a Flat Nozzle". METALLOFIZIKA I NOVEISHIE TEKHNOLOGII 43, nr 3 (1.06.2021): 319–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/mfint.43.03.0319.

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Li, Zhengquan, Kaiwei Chu, Renhu Pan, Aibing Yu i Jiaqi Yang. "Computational Study of Gas-Solid Flow in a Horizontal Stepped Pipeline". Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2019 (15.09.2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2545347.

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In this paper, the mechanism governing the particle-fluid flow characters in the stepped pipeline is studied by the combined discrete element method (DEM) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model (CFD-DEM) and the two fluid model (TFM). The mechanisms governing the gas-solid flow in the horizontal stepped pipeline are investigated in terms of solid and gas velocity distributions, pressure drop, process performance, the gas-solid interaction forces, solid-solid interaction forces, and the solid-wall interaction forces. The two models successfully capture the key flow features in the stepped pipeline, such as the decrease of gas velocity, solid velocity, and pressure drop, during and after the passage of gas-solid flow through the stepped section. What is more important, the reason of the appearance of large size solid dune and pressure surge phenomena suffered in the stepped pipeline is investigated macroscopically and microscopically. The section in which the blockage problem most likely occurs in the stepped pipeline is confirmed. The pipe wall wearing problem, which is one of the most common and critical problems in pneumatic conveying system, is analysed and investigated in terms of interaction forces. It is shown that the most serious pipe wall wearing problem happened in the section which is just behind the stepped part.

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Sharma, Renu, Karl Weiss, Michael McKelvy i William Glaunsinger. "Gas reaction chamber for gas-solid interaction studies by high-resolution TEM". Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 52 (1994): 494–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100170207.

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An environmental cell (E-cell) is a gas reaction chamber mounted inside an electron microscope column where thin solid samples can be observed under various gases (O2, H2, N2, NH3 etc.) at selected temperatures. Even though the idea of having an E-cell incorporated in the microscope column is as old as transmission electron microscopy itself, recent developments in the instrumentation and designs of both the microscopes and E-cells have made it possible to obtain high resolution images (0.3-0.6 nm). We have used the differentially pumped model proposed by Swan to modify a PHILLIPS 400T transmission electron microscope for gas-solid studies.Figure la shows a side view cross section schematic of the E-cell fitted in the 9 mm gap between twin lens objective pole pieces. It consists of a small chamber with 200 and 400 μm apertures on sides a and a’ respectively. The walls are machined at the same angle as the pole pieces for an optimum fit to the conical exterior of the pole pieces and the cell is held firmly in place with o-rings (b).

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Liu, Xiao Li, Wen Jing Si i Chun Ying Zhu. "Research on the Gas Migration Regularity of Municipal Solid Waste Landfill in the Solid-Liquid-Gas-Heat Interaction". Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (maj 2011): 2216–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.2216.

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With the establishment of large municipal solid waste landfills, the interaction of geological environment in landfill (seepage field, stress field and temperature field, etc.) has not to be ignored. The multi-field coupling problem of the municipal solid waste landfill is getting attention. But at present the study mainly concentrated on the solid-liquid-gas-heat coupling problem, the study of the waste gas of the municipal solid waste landfill is less. Gas diffusions, gas emissions, and gas collection are related to the secondary pollution problems of the municipal solid waste landfill. This paper established mathematical model which based on the solid-liquid-gas-heat interaction and researched the gas migration rule of the municipal solid waste landfills. The mainly work are as follows: (1) the definite conditions of dynamic model, (2) the solution of dynamic model, (3) results and analysis. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) Pore pressure along the gas flow direction is nonlinear distribution and shows decline trend. As time increases, the pore pressure of each horizontal section decreases. (2)The volumetric strain of the municipal solid waste landfill is nonlinear distribution along the gas flow direction and shows an increasing tendency. As time increases, volumetric strain of each horizontal section increases.(3)As the change of time, the pore pressure first increases, then decreases.(4) In the initial stage, as the change of time, gas output increases rapidly. When it achieves the maximum size, the production quantity of gas reduces and gradually tends to be a quantitative value.

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Giampaolo, Ciriaco, i Socio A. Mottana. "A new experimental technique for gas-solid interaction studies." Rendiconti Lincei 1, nr 2 (czerwiec 1990): 165–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03001891.

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Hrach, Rudolf, Jiří Šimek i Věra Hrachová. "Study of plasma—solid interaction in electronegative gas mixtures". Czechoslovak Journal of Physics 56, nr 12 (grudzień 2006): 1437–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10582-006-0456-0.

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Doss, E. D., i M. G. Srinivasan. "Modeling of Wall Friction for Multispecies Solid-Gas Flows". Journal of Fluids Engineering 108, nr 4 (1.12.1986): 486–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3242608.

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The empirical expressions for the equivalent friction factor to simulate the effect of particle-wall interaction with a single solid species have been extended to model the wall shear stress for multispecies solid-gas flows. Expressions representing the equivalent shear stress for solid-gas flows obtained from these wall friction models are included in the one-dimensional two-phase flow model and it can be used to study the effect of particle-wall interaction on the flow characteristics.

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Washino, K., H. S. Tan, A. D. Salman i M. J. Hounslow. "Direct numerical simulation of solid–liquid–gas three-phase flow: Fluid–solid interaction". Powder Technology 206, nr 1-2 (styczeń 2011): 161–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2010.07.015.

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Zongyang, Li, Bi Lin i Chen Jianqiang. "Gas-Solid Interface Interactions Based on Molecular Dynamics Simulations". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2235, nr 1 (1.05.2022): 012066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2235/1/012066.

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Abstract Gas-solid interface interaction as the key point and difficult point of dilute gas flow, understanding the mechanism of it, to have a clearer understanding of the gas molecules in the solid near-wall surface motion law. This paper combines the molecular dynamics method and particle beam method to simulate the interaction between argon molecules and solid platinum wall surface, to study the scattering law after the collision between gas molecules and solid surface at different incidence angles and the mechanism of energy conversion between them, the results show that the tangential kinetic energy is lost after the collision between gas molecules and wall surface, while the change of normal kinetic energy is determined by the magnitude of the incident velocity; the incident velocity is small, the reflected tangential velocity distribution basically fits the Maxwell reflection distribution when the incident velocity reaches a high speed, and the reflected tangential velocity distribution appears head-and-shoulder or even bimodal distribution, which is helpful for future research on the tangential momentum adaptation coefficient of the scattering nucleus model.

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Yang, Youqing, Pengtao Sun i Zhen Chen. "Combined MPM-DEM for Simulating the Interaction Between Solid Elements and Fluid Particles". Communications in Computational Physics 21, nr 5 (27.03.2017): 1258–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4208/cicp.oa-2016-0050.

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AbstractHow to effectively simulate the interaction between fluid and solid elements of different sizes remains to be challenging. The discrete element method (DEM) has been used to deal with the interactions between solid elements of various shapes and sizes, while the material point method (MPM) has been developed to handle the multiphase (solid-liquid-gas) interactions involving failure evolution. A combined MPM-DEM procedure is proposed to take advantage of both methods so that the interaction between solid elements and fluid particles in a container could be better simulated. In the proposed procedure, large solid elements are discretized by the DEM, while the fluid motion is computed using the MPM. The contact forces between solid elements and rigid walls are calculated using the DEM. The interaction between solid elements and fluid particles are calculated via an interfacial scheme within the MPM framework. With a focus on the boundary condition effect, the proposed procedure is illustrated by representative examples, which demonstrates its potential for a certain type of engineering problems.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Solid-gas interaction"

Tian, Jian Atwood J. L. "Molecular organic solids for gas adsorption and solid-gas interaction". Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6882.

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Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on Feb 24, 2010). The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Dissertation advisor: Dr. Jerry L. Atwood. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

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KHAN, BILAL ALAM. "Measurement methods of Gas-Solid Interactions". Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2942142.

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Akizuki, Makoto. "Gas Cluster Ion-Solid Surface Interaction and Thin Film Formation". Kyoto University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/181783.

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Brancher, Ricardo. "Experimental and numerical analysis of interaction between gas and solid surface". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0677.

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Cette thèse est consacrée à l’étude expérimentale et numérique de l’interaction entre gaz et surface solide. L’écoulement de gaz raréfié à travers un microcanal rectangulaire dans des conditions isothermes et nonisothermes ont été évalués expérimentalement. Le coefficient d’accommodation de la composante tangentielle de la quantité de mouvement pour le matériau PEEK (Poly Ether Ether Ketone) associé à cinq gaz (hélium, néon, azote, argon, krypton) a été extrait des écoulements induits par gradient de pression et gradient de température. De plus, des écoulements unidimensionnels stables d’un gaz polyatomique en présence d’une surface adsorbante-désorbante maintenue à température constante et uniforme sont simulés en résolvant numériquement l’équation cinétique de Boltzmann par la méthode Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC). Il est considéré ici l’écoulement de gaz entre deux parois planes et infinies, où une seule paroi est capable d’adsorber et de désorber les molécules, tandis que l’autre est imperméable. Enfin,des recherches expérimentales et numériques ont été effectuées pour analyser la séparation des espèces BTEX (benzène, toluène, éthylbenzène et xylènes) à l’intérieur d’une colonne chromatographique. De l’étalonnage des constantes d’adsorption et de désorption, le temps de rétention de chaque espèce peut être prévu pour différentes conditions de fonctionnement en utilisant le code numérique développé
This thesis is devoted to the experimental and numerical study of the interaction between gas and solid surface. Rarefied gas flows through a rectangular microchannel under both isothermal and non-isothermal conditions were experimentally evaluated. The tangential momentum accommodation coefficient for PEEK (Poly Ether Ether Ketone) material associated to five gases (helium, neon, nitrogen, argon, krypton) was extracted from both pressure and temperature gradient driven flows. Additionally, steady one-dimensional flows of a polyatomic gas in the presence of an adsorbing-desorbing surface kept at constant and uniform temperature are simulated by solving numerically the Boltzmann kinetic equation by the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method. It is considered the flow of gas between two planar and infinite surfaces,where only one surface is able to adsorb and desorb molecules, while the other one is impermeable. Finally, experimental and numerical investigation were performed to analyze the BTEX (benzene, toluene,ethylbenzene and xylenes) species separation inside a chromatographic column. From calibrating the constants of adsorption and desorption, the retention time of each species can be predicted for different operating conditions using the numerical code developed

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Qin, Tong. "Numerical Simulations of Interactions of Solid Particles and Deformable Gas Bubbles in Viscous Liquids". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/19225.

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Studying the interactions of solid particles and deformable gas
bubbles in viscous liquids is very important in many applications,
especially in mining and chemical industries. These interactions
involve liquid-solid-air multiphase flows and an
arbitrary-Lagrangian-Eulerican (ALE) approach is used for the direct
numerical simulations. In the system of rigid particles and
deformable gas bubbles suspended in viscous liquids, the
Navier-Stokes equations coupled with the equations of motion of the
particles and deformable bubbles are solved in a finite-element
framework. A moving, unstructured, triangular mesh tracks the
deformation of the bubble and free surface with adaptive refinement.
In this dissertation, we study four problems. In the first three
problems the flow is assumed to be axisymmetric and two dimensional
(2D) in the fourth problem.

Firstly, we study the interaction between a rising deformable bubble
and a solid wall in highly viscous liquids. The mechanism of the
bubble deformation as it interacts with the wall is described in
terms of two nondimensional groups, namely the Morton number (Mo)
and Bond number (Bo). The film drainage process is also
considered. It is found that three modes of bubble-rigid wall
interaction exist as Bo changes at a moderate Mo.
The first mode prevails at small Bo where the bubble deformation
is small. For this mode, the bubble is
hard to break up and will bounce back and eventually attach
to the rigid wall. In the second mode, the bubble may break up after
it collides with the rigid wall, which is determined by the film
drainage. In the third mode, which prevails at high Bo, the bubble
breaks up due to the bottom surface catches up the top surface
during the interaction.

Secondly, we simulate the interaction between a rigid particle and a
free surface. In order to isolate the effects of viscous drag and
particle inertia, the gravitational force is neglected and the
particle gains its impact velocity by an external accelerating
force. The process of a rigid particle impacting a free surface and
then rebounding is simulated. Simplified theoretical models are
provided to illustrate the relationship between the particle
velocity and the time variation of film thickness between the
particle and free surface. Two film thicknesses are defined. The
first is the thickness achieved when the particle reaches its
highest position. The second is the thickness when the particle
falls to its lowest position. The smaller of these two thicknesses
is termed the minimum film thickness and its variation with the
impact velocity has been determined. We find that the interactions
between the free surface and rigid particle can be divided into
three regimes according to the trend of the first film thickness.
The three regimes are viscous regime, inertial regime and jetting
regime. In viscous regime, the first film thickness decreases as the
impact velocity increases. Then it rises slightly in the inertial
regime because the effect of liquid inertia becomes larger as the
impact velocity increases. Finally, the film thickness decreases
again due to Plateau-Rayleigh instability in the jetting regime.
We also find that the minimum film thickness corresponds to an
impact velocity on the demarcation point between the viscous and
inertial regimes. This fact is caused by the balance of viscous
drag, surface deformation and liquid inertia.

Thirdly, we consider the interaction between a rigid particle and a
deformable bubble. Two typical cases are simulated: (1) Collision of
a rigid particle with a gas bubble in water in the absence of
gravity, and (2) Collision of a buoyancy-driven rising bubble with a
falling particle in highly viscous liquids. We also compare our
simulation results with available experimental data. Good agreement
is obtained for the force on the particle and the shape of the
bubble.

Finally, we investigated the collisions of groups of bubbles and
particles in two dimensions. A preliminary example of the oblique
collision between a single particle and a single bubble is conducted
by giving the particle a constant acceleration. Then, to investigate
the possibility of particles attaching to bubbles, the interactions
between a group of 22 particles and rising bubbles are studied. Due
to the fluid motion, the particles involved in central collisions
with bubbles have higher possibilities to attach to the bubble.
Ph. D.

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Hackett, Gregory A. "Interaction of nickel-based SOFC anodes with trace contaminants from coal-derived synthesis gas". Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10450/10728.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2009.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 122 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 115-122).

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Ghosalya, M. K. "Gas-solid surface interaction with reactive and less reactive gases : a near ambient pressure photoelectron spectroscopy study". Thesis(Ph.D.), CSIR- National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 2018. http://dspace.ncl.res.in:8080/xmlui/handle/20.500.12252/4578.

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Chapter 1 and 2, a brief introduction role of surface science, photoelectron spectroscopy and gas solid interaction in catalysis has been given. Photoelectron spectroscopy is a versatile technique that can be advantageously used for characterization of a number of surface properties of the solid surface and interfaces, like chemical composition, oxidation state, element mapping, solid-gas interactions etc. Conventionally, the photoelectron spectroscopy is an ultra-high vacuum technique. However, the photoelectrons cannot reach the detector due to inelastic collision with gas-phase molecules at high-pressure (>10-5 mbar) conditions. This obstacle has been overcome in the development of photoelectron spectrometers which can function at near ambient pressures. A new term ambient pressure (AP) or near ambient pressure (NAP) or high pressure (HP) has been introduced with photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) to distinguish it from the traditional UHV set ups. The NAP-PES can operate at near ambient pressure, by using the sophisticated electron energy analyzer and differentially pumped electro static lenses. Thus the NAP-PES, can bridge the “pressure gap” between the real world and ideal surface science studies. This thesis mainly focused on different studies to bridge the pressure gap between a real-world condition where the actual surface reaction happens and ideal surface science condition. All experiments are carried out in a custom built laboratory ambient pressure photoelectron spectrophotometer unit installed in our laboratory at CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune. The system is equipped with the differentially pumped Scienta R3000HP analyzer. Two sets of differential pumping are available in the electrostatic lens regime (ELR), and the third one is available in the electron energy analyzer (EEA). The distance between sample surface and aperture (of the cone, R = 0.4 mm) attached to ELR was maintained at 1.2 mm for all of the experiments reported. The main advantage with this design is a fast decrease in pressure with a steep pressure gradient from the aperture to the EEA. It is to be underscored that the first differential pumping records 2 × 10−4 mbar when the analysis chamber is at 1 mbar. This helps to minimize the inelastic scattering of low KE electrons. Further, R3000HP employs the advanced concept of electron converging with an aperture free ELR. In contrast to the conventional ELR, electrostatic voltages in the R3000HP model analyzer are applied in such a way that they converge all the electrons. The system also equipped Al-Mg dual anode, Al- monochromatic X-ray source, differentially pumped xvi discharge lamp to generate He I and He II UV radiation source The polycrystalline foils (Ni, Co, Si, Ag, Au, 99.999 pure) which are used in the experiments are purchased from MaTeck, Germany. These foils are cleaned by the several cycles of Ar sputtering and annealing in UHV up to 1000 K. A series of sputter-anneal cycles produced clean metal foil surfaces which is confirmed by the XPS as well as UVPES. In chapter 3a, Silver valence band was probed by PES at near ambient pressure of oxygen (up to 0.2 mbar) with He I radiation. Three distinct regimes have been identified in silver-oxygen interaction between 300 and 500 K, which are, (a) oxygen chemisorption between ambient and 390 K, (b) O-diffusion into the subsurface layers of Ag from 390 to 450 K, and (c) formation of metastable oxide on the silver surface above 450 K; the latter two regimes are dynamic in nature.. The trend in oxygen coverage on Ag 390 K and above 475 K is similar, but it decreases to the lowest in between 390 and 450 K, in the presence of large excess of molecular oxygen. Interaction with oxygen changes the work function of Ag from 4.95 (≤390 K) to 5.30 eV (400-450 K), and then to 5.7 eV (≥450 K). It is attributed to oxygen diffusion into the subsurface layers of Ag between 400 and 450 K and plays a key role for ethylene epoxidation reaction on Ag surfaces. Subsurface oxygen influences in two significant ways; it converts the Ag surface from metallic to electron deficient in nature, and facilitates the formation of space charge layer above the Ag surface. Oxygen when adsorbed on this electron deficient Ag surface, acts as electrophilic oxygen. The electrophilic oxygen can insert into the C=C double bond of an alkene, and hence forms an epoxide. Above 450 K, oxygen binds strongly and acts as nucleophilic oxygen. The nucleophilic oxygen favors complete combustion of alkene to carbon dioxide. Changes in the Ag-oxygen system are dynamic. The metallic surface reappears if oxygen supply is removed above 400 K. This emphasizes in situ and operando investigations are essential to understand the active structure of a catalyst. In chapter 3b, we have synthesized 5 wt % Fe2O3/support (support=Al2O3, CeO2, MgO, ZSM-5 and Nb2O5) catalysts by wet impregnation method. The synthesized catalysts subjected to different physico- chemical characterization techniques to understand the structure and morphology of the catalysts. These catalysts were screened for butane oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) reaction in fixed bed reactor at different temperature between (450°C to 600°C) with varying butane: oxygen ratio (1:1, 1:0.5 and 1:0.25). Among all these catalyst xvii Fe2O3/Al2O3 shows best activity in terms of 1,3-butadiene yield (higher selectivity towards 1,3-butadiene) at all different temperatures. In order to understand the active site of the compared the results with another average catalyst i.e., Fe2O3/Nb2O5. The catalyst was screened at 0.2 mbar pressure (Argon: Butane: Oxygen is 2:1:0.5 respectively) under in situ condition from 298 to 500 K. We have concluded that the Fe on the Al2O3 support reduced to Fe+2 from Fe+3, whereas Fe on the Nb2O5 support remains in Fe+3 states and the reduced Fe+2 is responsible for the higher selectivity towards 1,3-butadiene Chapter 4 shows Valence band and core level photoelectron spectral measurements at near-ambient pressures (up to 0.5 mbar) were made in the presence of molecular oxygen to explore the various stages of silicon oxidation. Dangling bonds feature observed in NAP-UPS on clean Si-surfaces decreases due to adsorption of molecular oxygen between ambient temperature and up to 400 K at 0.1 mbar O2 pressure. The adsorption of oxygen on dangling bonds seems to be localized as islands and the same reflects as heterogeneous surface and responsible for the broadening in the oxygen gas phase vibrational features. This is further supported by an increase in the work function and can be correlated with the presence of Höfer (molecular) precursor. When the temperature increased to 500 K, molecular precursor species dissociates to –Si=O species and further supported by the change in the work function as well as by the oxidized silicon species from Si 2p core level. At 600 K the –Si=O species dissociates to form a uniform 2D oxide layer on the silicon surface, which is characterized by the sharp vibration features of gas-phase oxygen molecules. This layer is also quite stable up 800 K and without any further oxidation in bulk. However, when the temperature increased to 850 K at 0.2 mbar oxygen pressure, bulk Si oxidation begins and the work function increases drastically by 1 eV. An angle-dependent Si 2p core level spectra recorded map out the presence of all possible oxidation states (elemental Si0 to Si4+) from bulk to the surface. A continuous change in work function and electronic states observed due to gas-solid (O2-Si) interaction indicates the implications of heterogeneous catalysis and electrochemistry. In chapter 5 the gas phase vibrational spectra of reactive and inert gases have been studied by the in situ ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy up to 0.3 mbar. Results obtained is divided into two parts and discussed. In the first part, we have studied the molecular photoelectron spectra of monoatomic Argon gas and some homonuclear diatomic molecular gases like H2, O2, and N2 by using NAPUPS and the effect of pressure on their energy xviii position. In this study, we have demonstrated that NAPUPS can be an essential tool to determine the gaseous composition and their electronic configuration. In the second part, we have studied the influence of surface nature on the binding energy position and pattern of the vibrational features of Nitrogen and Argon gas. It has been observed that with changing the electronic nature of the surface, the binding energy of vibrational spectra also changes which reflects the change in the work function of the material. Further, if the solid surface undergoes any chemical/electronic changes due to gas-solid interaction, such as oxidation, the work function of the surface changes again and underscores the identification of in-situ changes. Therefore, the change in the binding energy of the gas phase can be used to determine the actual work function change of material during the the chemical reaction
AcSIR

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Jain, R. "Gas-solid interaction and its influence in electronic structure and catalysis: a near ambient pressure photoelectron spectroscopy study". Thesis(Ph.D.), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, 2018. http://dspace.ncl.res.in:8080/xmlui/handle/20.500.12252/4541.

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Chemistry at a catalyst surface i.e. response of the catalyst for structure and electronic change during catalysis, and gas-solid interaction of catalyst and reactant is very crucial for the fundamental understanding of a catalytic process. Tracking surface phenomenon during catalysis can shed light on the surface electronic structure, catalyst nature and provides a fundamental correlation between catalytic performance and possible pathways, which helps to design a catalyst in a better way. NAPPES is a powerful tool that is inherently surface sensitive, and chemical-specific, with the ability to probe sample surfaces as well as reactants at pressures closer to ambient pressure. Hence it has potential to provide remarkable outputs in the field of environmental chemistry and catalysis. The present thesis work has been devoted to bridging the material and pressure gap in between surface science under ideal conditions and real-world catalysis conditions. A sincere attempt has been made to understand the solid-gas interaction and its application to heterogeneous catalysis by utilizing NAPPES.
CSIR
AcSIR

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Mohammad, Hasan Abid Urf Turabe Ali. "Ammonia gas adsorption on metal oxide nanoparticles". Thesis, Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13094.

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Master of Science
Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering
Steven J. Eckels
NanoActiveTM metal oxide particles have the ability to destructively adsorb organophosphorus compounds and chlorocarbons. These nanomaterials with unique surface morphologies are subjected to separate, low concentrations of gaseous ammonia in air. NanoActiveTM materials based on magnesium oxide have large specific surface areas and defective sites that enhance surface reactivity and consequently improved adsorptivity. In gas contaminant removal by adsorption, presence of vast specific surface area is essential for effective gas-solid interaction to take place. This is also the case in many industrial and chemical applications such as purification of gases, separation and recovery of gases, catalysis etc,. Typically carbonaceous compounds are utilized and engineered in toxic gas control systems. The purpose of this study was to compare NanoActiveTM materials with carbon based compounds in the effectivity of toxic gas adsorption at low concentrations. A test facility was designed to investigate the adsorption properties of novel materials such as adorption capacity and adsorption rate. Adsorption capacity along with adsorption kinetics is a function of properties of the adsorbent and the adsorbate as well as experimental conditions. Nanomaterials were placed on a silica matrix and tested with increasing flow rates. Electrochemical sensing devices were placed at inlet and outlet of the facility to monitor real time continuous concentration profiles. Breakthrough curves were obtained from the packed bed column experiments and saturation limits of adsorbents were measured. Adsorption rates were obtained from the breakthrough curves using modified Wheeler-Jonas equation. The NanoActiveTM materials adsorbed ammonia though to a lesser extent than the Norit® compounds. This study also included measurement of pressure drop in packed beds. This information is useful in estimating energy losses in packed bed reactors. Brauner Emmet Teller tests were carried out for the calculation of surface area, pore volume and pore size of materials. These calculations suggest surface area alone had no notable influence on adsorption capacity and adsorption rates. This lead to the conclusion that adsorption was insignificant cause of absence of functional groups with affinity towards ammonia. In brief, adsorption of ammonia is possible on NanoActiveTM materials. However functional groups such as oxy-flouro compounds should be doped with novel materials to enhance the surface interactions.

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Niaki, Seyed Reza Amini. "Effects of inter particle friction on the meso-scale hydrodynamics of dense gas-solid fluidized flows". Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18147/tde-10122018-165927/.

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Gas-solid fluidized bed reactors are widely applied in chemical and energy industries, and their design and scale-up are virtually empirical, extremely expensive and time consuming. This scenario has motivated the development of alternative theoretical tools, and two-fluid modeling, where gas and particulate are both treated as interpenetrating continuum phases, has appeared as a most promising approach. Owing to the large domains to be resolved in real-scale fluidized bed reactors, only filtered modeling approaches are feasible, and closure models become necessary to recover sub-grid effects that are filtered by the very coarse numerical grids that are imposed owing to computational limitations. Those closure models, which in hydrodynamic formulations account for filtered interphase momentum exchanges and filtered and residual stresses in the phases, can be derived from results of highly resolved simulations (HRS) performed over small size domains under refined numerical grids. One widely practiced approach consists of applying two-fluid modeling under micro-scale defined closures, generally known as microscopic two-fluid modeling. This approach includes microscopic closures for solid phase stresses derived from the kinetic theory of granular flows (KTGF), which accounts for kinetic-collisional effects only, and is adequate to dilute flows. Otherwise, the conventional KTGF does not account for interparticle friction effects, and its application to dense flow conditions is quite questionable. In this work a literature available modified version of KTGF is applied which also accounts for interparticle friction, and highly resolved simulations are performed for dense flow conditions in order to evaluate the effects of friction over relevant filtered parameters (namely effective drag coefficient, filtered and residual stresses). Ranges of domain average solid volume fractions and gas Reynolds numbers are considered (macro-scale conditions) embracing dense gas-solid fluidized flows from suspensions up to pneumatic transport. The MFIX open source code is used in all the simulations, which are performed over 2D periodical domains for a unique monodisperse particulate. The HRS results (i.e. meso-scale flow fields) are filtered over regions compatible with grid sizes in large scale simulations, and the relevant filtered parameters of concern are derived and classified by ranges of other filtered parameters taken as independent variables (filtered solid volume fraction, filtered slip velocity, and filtered kinetic energy of solid velocity fluctuations, which are referred to as markers). Results show that the relevant filtered parameters of concern are well correlated to all of those filtered markers, and also to all of the imposed macro-scale conditions. Otherwise, interparticle friction showed no significant effects over any filtered parameter. It is recognized that this issue clearly requires further investigation notably regarding the suitability of the markers that were assumed for classifying the filtered results. The current work is intended as a contribution for future developments of more accurate closure models for large scale simulations of gas-solid fluidized flows.
Reatores de leito fluidizado de escoamento gás-sólido são largamente utilizados nas indústrias química e de energia, e o seu projeto e escalonamento são virtualmente empíricos, extremamente caros e demorados. Este cenário tem motivado o desenvolvimento de ferramentas teóricas alternativas, e a modelagem de dois fluidos, onde gás e particulado são ambos tratados com fases contínuas interpenetrantes, tem surgido como uma aproximação muito promissora. Devido aos grandes domínios a serem resolvidos em reatores de leito fluidizado de escala real, apenas aproximações de modelagem filtradas são viáveis, e modelos de fechamento tornam-se necessários para recuperar efeitos sub-malha que são filtrados pelas malhas numéricas grosseiras que são impostas devido as limitações computacionais. Estes modelos de fechamento, que em formulações hidrodinâmicas respondem principalmente por trocas de momentum filtradas entre fases e tensões filtradas e residuais nas fases, podem ser obtidos de resultados de simulações altamente resolvidas (SAR) realizadas em domínios de dimensões reduzidas sob malhas numéricas refinadas. Uma aproximação largamente praticada consiste na aplicação de modelagem de dois fluidos sob fechamentos definidos na micro-escala, genericamente conhecida como modelagem microscópica de dois fluidos. Esta aproximação inclui fechamentos microscópicos para tensões da fase sólida obtidos da teoria cinética dos escoamentos granulares (TCEG), que considera apenas efeitos cinéticos-colisionais, e é adequada para escoamentos diluídos. Por outro lado, a TCEG convencional não leva em conta efeitos de fricção interpartículas, e sua aplicação para condições densas de escoamento é bastante questionável. Neste trabalho aplica-se uma versão modificada da TCEG disponível na literatura que também leva em conta fricção interpartículas, e simulações altamente resolvidas são realizadas para condições de escoamentos densos visando avaliar os efeitos da fricção sobre os parâmetros filtrados relevantes (coeficiente de arrasto efetivo, tensões filtradas e residuais). Considera-se faixas de frações volumétricas de sólido e números de Reynolds do gás médios no domínio (condições de macro-escala) abrangendo escoamentos gás-sólido fluidizados densos desde suspensões até transporte pneumático. O código aberto MFIX é utilizado em todas as simulações, que foram executadas sobre domínios periódicos 2D para um único particulado monodisperso. Os resultados das SAR (i.e., campos de escoamento de meso-escala) foram filtrados sobre regiões compatíveis com tamanhos de malha praticados em simulações de grandes escalas, e os parâmetros filtrados relevantes de interesse são calculados e classificados por faixas de outros parâmetros filtrados tomados como variáveis independentes (fração volumétrica de sólido filtrada, velocidade de deslizamento filtrada, e energia cinética das flutuações de velocidade da fase sólida filtrada, que são referidos como marcadores). Os resultados mostram que os parâmetros filtrados relevantes de interesse são bem correlacionados com todos os marcadores, e também com todas as condições de macro-escala impostas. Por outro lado, a fricção interpartículas não mostrou efeitos significativos sobre qualquer parâmetro filtrado. Reconhece-se que este aspecto claramente requer investigações adicionais, notadamente com respeito à adequação dos marcadores que foram considerados para classificação dos resultados filtrados. O trabalho corrente é posto como uma contribuição para o desenvolvimento futuro de modelos de fechamento mais acurados para simulações de grandes escalas de escoamentos gás-sólido fluidizados.

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Książki na temat "Solid-gas interaction"

Hedahl, Marc O. Comparisons of the Maxwell and CLL gas/surface interaction models using DSMC. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1995.

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G, Wilmoth Richard, i Langley Research Center, red. Comparisons of the Maxwell and CLL gas/surface interaction models using DSMC. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1995.

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J, Singh D., Old Dominion University. Dept. of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics. i Langley Research Center, red. Interaction of transient radiation in nongray gaseous systems: Progress report for the period ending December 31, 1986 (a supplementary report). Norfolk, Va: Dept. of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, College of Engineering & Technology, Old Dominion University, 1987.

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Billing, Gert D. Dynamics of molecule surface interactions. New York: Wiley, 2000.

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A, Hoffbauer Mark, i Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center., red. Measurement of momentum transfer coefficients for H₂, N₂, CO, and CO₂ incident upon spacecraft surfaces. Houston, Tex: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, 1997.

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NATO Advanced Study Institute on the Physics of the Two-Dimensional Electron Gas (1986 Oostduinkerke, Belgium). The physics of the two-dimensional electron gas. New York: Plenum Press, 1987.

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Mahmoud, Mohamed, i Ibnelwaleed A. Hussein. Fluid-Solid Interactions in Upstream Oil and Gas Applications. Elsevier, 2023.

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Mahmoud, Mohamed, i Ibnelwaleed A. Hussein. Fluid-Solid Interactions in Upstream Oil and Gas Applications. Elsevier, 2023.

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Physical interactions and energy exchange at the gas-solid interface. London: Faraday Division, Royal Society of Chemistry, 1985.

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Devreese, J. T., i F. M. Peeters. The Physics of the Two-Dimensional Electron Gas: Proceedings of a Nato Advanced Study Institute on the Physics of the Two-Dimensional Electron Gas, H (Nato a S I Series Series B, Physics). Springer, 1987.

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Części książek na temat "Solid-gas interaction"

Kreuzer, Hans Jürgen, i Zbigniew Wojciech Gortel. "Gas-Solid Interaction". W Physisorption Kinetics, 23–88. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-82695-5_2.

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Anděra, L., i E. Smolková-Keulemansová. "The Effect of Water Vapour on the Cyclodextrin-Solute Interaction in Gas-Solid Chromatography". W Inclusion Phenomena in Inorganic, Organic, and Organometallic Hosts, 289–97. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3987-5_51.

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Bourloutski, E., i M. Sommerfeld. "Euler/Lagrange Calculations of Gas-Liquid-Solid-Flows in Bubble Columns with Phase Interaction". W Bubbly Flows, 243–59. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18540-3_19.

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Grimley, T. B. "Gas-Surface Interactions". W Interaction of Atoms and Molecules with Solid Surfaces, 25–52. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8777-0_2.

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Grabke, H. J. "Solid-Gas and Solid-Solid Interactions of Ceramic Oxides at High Temperatures". W Surfaces and Interfaces of Ceramic Materials, 599–624. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1035-5_38.

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Zolotov, Mikhail Yu. "10. Gas–Solid Interactions on Venus and Other Solar System Bodies". W High Temperature Gas-Solid Reactions in Earth and Planetary Processes, redaktorzy Penelope King, Bruce Fegley i Terry Seward, 351–92. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rmg.2018.84.10.

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Dalby, Kim N., Jeff A. Berger, Helen E. A. Brand, Julie M. Cairney, Katja Eder, Stephen M. Eggins, Anna Herring i in. "4. Analytical Techniques for Probing Small-Scale Layers that Preserve Information on Gas–Solid Interactions". W High Temperature Gas-Solid Reactions in Earth and Planetary Processes, redaktorzy Penelope King, Bruce Fegley i Terry Seward, 103–76. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rmg.2018.84.4.

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Meijer, Michel D., Robertus J. M. Klein Gebbink i Gerard van Koten. "Solid-Gas Interactions Between Small Gaseous Molecules and Transition Metals in the Solid State. Toward Sensor Applications". W Crystal Design: Structure and Function, 375–86. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0470868015.ch9.

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Ladd, Anthony J. C. "Dissipative and Fluctuating Hydrodynamic Interactions between Suspended Solid Particles via Lattice-Gas Cellular Automata". W Computer Simulation in Materials Science, 481–504. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3546-7_26.

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Wang, Chu, i Lucy T. Zhang. "Building a Numerical Framework to Model Gas-Liquid-Solid Interactions Using Meshfree Interpolation Methods". W Meshfree Methods for Partial Differential Equations VIII, 209–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51954-8_11.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Solid-gas interaction"

Peratta, A. "Numerical modelling of gas-solid interface for homogeneous propellant combustion". W FLUID STRUCTURE INTERACTION/MOVING BOUNDARIES 2007. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/fsi070271.

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Zhang, Xinyu, i Goodarz Ahmadi. "Roles of Neutrally Buoyant Particles in Gas-Liquid-Solid Flows". W ASME 2012 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2012 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2012-72038.

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A CFD study is carried out to investigate the roles of neutrally buoyant particles in gas-liquid-solid flows in bubble columns. An Eulerian-Lagrangian model is used and the liquid flow is modeled using a volume-averaged system of governing equations, while motions of bubbles and particles are evaluated using Lagrangian trajectory analysis. Bubbles are assumed to remain spherical. Bubble-liquid interaction and particle-liquid interaction are included in the study. The drag, lift, buoyancy, and virtual mass forces are included in the discrete phase equations. Particle-particle interactions and bubble-bubble interactions are accounted for by a hard sphere model. The bubble coalescence is also included in the analysis. Neutrally buoyant particles are used in the study. The predicted results were compared with the experimental data in a previous work, and good agreement was obtained. The transient flow characteristics of a gas-liquid-solid three-phase flow and a gas-liquid two-phase flow are studied and the roles of neutrally buoyant particles are discussed. The simulations show that the transient characteristics of the flows in a bubble column are dominated by time-dependent vortices. The presence of particles can affect the characteristics of the flows and flows with particles evolve faster.

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Sedrez, Thiana A., i Siamack A. Shirazi. "The Effect of Phase Interaction Forces and Particle Rotation on Solid Particle Erosion in Liquid-Solid and Liquid-Gas-Solid Flows". W ASME 2022 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2022-86755.

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Abstract Forces acting on both gas and particle phases and the interaction between them and the liquid phase in liquid-gas-solid flow are examined via Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and the results are compared with experimental data. A simplified methodology to simulate multiphase flow is proposed using the Eulerian-Eulerian-Lagrangian approach. The proposed modeling approach for the liquid-gas interaction forces and particle rotation is compared with experimental erosion data for two elbows in series. For the experiments, a 50.8 mm inner diameter pipe vertical facility with water, air, and sand particles is used to collect wall thickness loss data in two elbows in series: one elbow vertical to horizontal and another horizontal to vertical downward. The particle rotation forces in these highly rotational flows with liquid-solid flows are considered in this investigation. In addition, interphase forces between liquid and gas for dispersed-bubble flow, such as drag, surface tension, turbulent dispersion, turbulence interaction, virtual mass, and wall lubrication, were investigated. Lastly, the simulated effect of the forces on fluid velocity, particle velocity, and erosion rates are presented and discussed. The results show that rotation of particles and Magnus lift force do not significantly impact particle trajectory for liquid-solid flows. However, the Magnus lift force exerts an increase in erosion in both elbows. Overall, for liquid-gas-solid flow, interphase forces separately do not significantly impact erosion (presenting on average 24% higher erosion than experimental data). The greater change is observed when drag, virtual mass, wall lubrication, and surface tension are applied together, increasing erosion considerably (83% higher than experimental data).

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Jain, Kunal, i J. J. McCarthy. "Discrete Characterization of Cohesion in Gas-Solid Flows". W ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-32491.

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Cohesive forces between grains can arise from a variety of sources – such as liquid bridge (capillary) forces, van der Waals forces, or electrostatic forces – and may play a significant role in the processing of fine and/or moist powders. While recent advances have been made in our understanding of liquid-induced cohesion at the macroscopic level, in general, it is still not possible to directly connect this macroscopic understanding of cohesion with a microscopic picture of the particle properties and interaction forces. In fact, conventional theories make no attempt to distinguish between these modes of cohesion, despite clear qualitative differences (lubrication forces in wet systems or electrostatic repulsion are two good examples). In this work, we discuss several discrete characterization tools for wet (cohesive) granular material with simple, physically relevant interpretations. We examine the utility of these tools, both computationally and experimentally, by exploring a range of cohesive strengths (from cohesionless to cohesive) in several prototypical applications of solid and gas-solid flows.

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Mansoori, Z., A. Dadashi, M. Saffar-Avval, F. Behzad i G. Ahmadi. "Three-Dimensional Simulation of Turbulent Gas-Solid Flow and Heat Transfer in a Pipe". W ASME 2009 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2009-78007.

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Three-dimensional simulation of turbulent gas-solid flow with heat transfer for a vertical pipe is performed in this study and the results are presented. The approach is based on an Eulerian/Lagrangian four-way interaction formulation considering turbulent hydrodynamic and thermal intensities and time scales equations. Inter-particles and particle-wall interactions are accounted for with an inelastic collision model. Numerical model validation is performed for an upward pipe gas-solid flow with constant wall heat transfer.

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Iwata, Ryuichi, Takeo Kajishima i Shintaro Takeuchi. "Interaction Between Multiple Solid Objects and Bubbles". W ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-40180.

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In the present study, bubble-particle interactions in suspensions are investigated by a coupled immersed-boundary and volume-of-fluid method (IB-VOF method), which is proposed by the present authors. The validity of the numerical method is examined through simulations of a rising bubble in a liquid and a falling particle in a liquid. Dilute particle-laden flows and a gas-liquid-solid flow involving solid particles and bubbles of comparable sizes to one another (Db/Dp = 1) are simulated. Drag coefficients of particles in particle-laden flows are estimated and flow fields involving multiple particles and a bubble are demonstrated.

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Tsai, Alex, Larry Banta, David Tucker i Randall Gemmen. "RGA Analysis of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Gas Turbine Hybrid Plant". W ASME 2008 6th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2008-65070.

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This paper presents a Relative Gain Array (RGA) analysis of a simulated SOFC/Gas Turbine plant based on a multivariate empirical formulation of a 300kW hybrid system. The HyPer test facility at the National Energy Technology Laboratory, served as the test bed for deriving frequency response data and subsequent multivariable model of a direct fired, recuperated hybrid cycle plant. Through the modulation of various airflow bypass-valves, magnitude and phase data is used to formulate Transfer Function {TF} equations that describe input/output system interaction. A frequency dependent RGA calculation of the empirical Transfer Function matrix provides a means of quantifying the degree of coupling between system inputs and outputs for the configuration studied. Various input/output interaction time scales are obtained to identify frequencies where fully developed system coupling occur. Analysis of the RGA matrix leads to a better understanding of the inherent properties the hybrid configuration, and can serve as a validating tool to existing analytical RGA calculations of similar types of hybrids.

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Timokhin, M. Yu, I. E. Ivanov i I. A. Kryukov. "2D numerical simulation of gas flow interaction with a solid wall by regularized Grad's set of equations". W 28TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON RAREFIED GAS DYNAMICS 2012. AIP, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4769630.

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Favre, M., L. S. Caballero, F. Guzman, H. M. Ruiz, H. Bhuyan, H. Chuaqui i E. S. Wyndham. "Interaction between a laser produced plasma and a solid substrate, in a low pressure neutral background gas". W 2012 IEEE 39th International Conference on Plasma Sciences (ICOPS). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/plasma.2012.6383679.

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Emami, Tooran, Alex Tsai i David Tucker. "Robust PID Controller Design of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Gas Turbine". W ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology collocated with the ASME 2016 Power Conference and the ASME 2016 10th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2016-59602.

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The performance of a 300 kW Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Gas Turbine (SOFC-GT) pilot power plant simulator is evaluated by applying a set of robust Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controllers that satisfy time delay and gain uncertainties of the SOFC-GT system. The actuators are a fuel valve (FV) that models the fuel cell thermal exhaust, and a cold-air (CA) valve which bypasses airflow rate from the fuel cell cathode. The robust PID controller results for the uncertain gains are presented first, followed by a design for uncertain time delays for both, FV and CA bypass valves. The final design incorporates the combined uncertain gain parameters with the time delay modeling of both actuators. This Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) technique is beneficial to plants having a wide range of operation and a strong parameter interaction. The practical implementation is presented through simulation in the Matlab/Simulink environment.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Solid-gas interaction"

Celik, I., i G. Q. Zhang. Engineering models for the gas-solid motion and interaction in the return loop of circulating fluidized beds. Topical report, January 1992--June 1992. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), sierpień 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10184725.

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Vera, Jose, i Ken Evans. PR186-203600-Z01 Impact of Drag Reducing Agents on Corrosion Management. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), październik 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0012177.

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The purpose of this research was to understand the potential impact of drag reducing agents (DRA) on internal corrosion of liquid hydrocarbon pipelines. The first task of this project included a comprehensive review of literature and knowledge, both in public domain and from industry experience, on the effect of DRA on water and solid transport in liquid hydrocarbons, and possible interactions with other performance chemicals typically used in the oil and gas industry. This was the basis for defining the final bench test methodology and test matrix to be performed in the second task. A novel bench-top apparatus was designed based on a vertical Couette cell approach, and a test methodology was successfully implemented to evaluate the potential effect(s) of DRA on water accumulation and localized corrosion at the oil/water interface. A test matrix was conducted with two DRAs (a water based and an oil based) and two corrosion inhibitors (a water soluble and an oil soluble) at a given test condition (3.5% NaCl saturated with 97%CO2/3%O2, pH ~6 at 80 oF). There is a related webinar.

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Avnimelech, Yoram, Richard C. Stehouwer i Jon Chorover. Use of Composted Waste Materials for Enhanced Ca Migration and Exchange in Sodic Soils and Acidic Minespoils. United States Department of Agriculture, czerwiec 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7575291.bard.

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Restoration of degraded lands and the development of beneficial uses for waste products are important challenges facing our society. In addition there is a need to find useful and environmentally friendly applications for the organic fractions of municipal and other solid waste. Recent studies have shown that composted wastes combined with gypsum or gypsum-containing flue gas desulfurization by-products enhance restoration of sodic soils and acidic minespoils. The mechanism by which this synergistic effect occurs in systems at opposite pH extremes appears to involve enhanced Ca migration and exchange. Our original research objectives were to (1) identify and quantify the active compost components involved in Ca transport, (2) determine the relative affinity of the compost components for Ca and competing metals in the two soil/spoil systems, (3) determine the efficacy of the compost components in Ca transport to subjacent soil and subsequent exchange with native soil cations, and (4) assess the impacts of compost enhanced Ca transport on soil properties and plant growth. Acidic mine spoils: During the course of the project the focus for objective (1) and (2) shifted more towards developing and evaluating methods to appropriately quantify Ca2+ and Al3+ binding to compost derived dissolved organic matter (DOM). It could be shown that calcium complexation by sewage sludge compost derived DOM did not significantly change during the composting process. A method for studying Al3+ binding to DOM was successfully developed and should allow future insight into DOM-Al3+ interactions in general. Laboratory column experiments as well as greenhouse experiments showed that in very acidic mine spoil material mineral dissolution controls solution Al3+ concentration as opposed to exchange with Ca2+. Therefore compost appeared to have no effect on Al3+ and Ca2+ mobility and did not affect subsoil acidity. Sodic alkaline soils: Batch experiments with Na+ saturated cation exchange resins as a model for sodic soils showed that compost home cations exchanged readily with Na+. Unlike filtered compost extracts, unfiltered compost suspensions also significantly increased Ca2+ release from CaCO3. Soil lysimeter experiments demonstrated a clear impact of compost on structural improvement in sodic alkaline soils. Young compost had faster, clearer and longer lasting effects on soil physical and chemical properties than mature compost. Even after 2 growing seasons differences could still be observed. Compost increased Ca2+ concentration in soil solution and solubility of pedogenic CaCO3 that is highly insoluble under alkaline conditions. The solubilized Ca2+ efficiently exchanged Na+ in the compost treated soils and thus greatly improved the soil structure.

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