Rozprawy doktorskie na temat „Solar sales”
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Rodríguez-Laguna, María del Rocío. "Heat transfer fluids: From fundamental aspects of graphene nanofluids at room temperature to molten salts formulations for solar-thermal conversion". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667803.
Pełny tekst źródłaHeat transfer fluids and nanofluids constitute an important element in the industry and their performance is key to the successful application in technologies that go from heat management and cooling to heat exchangers in thermal-solar energy and electricity generation. These industries demand heat transfer fluids with a wider liquid temperature range and better thermal performance than the conventional fluids. From low-temperature fluids to high-temperature molten salts, these fluids seem to benefit from the dispersion of solid nanoparticles, leading to nanofluids which frequently feature improved thermal conductivities and/or specific heats as compared with the bare fluids. However, there are some exceptions. Contradictory reports make it necessary to study these materials in greater depth than has been usual. Yet, the liquid nature of these materials poses a real challenge, both from the experimental point of view and from the conceptual framework. The work reported in this thesis has tackled two different challenges related to heat transfer fluids and nanofluids. In the first place, a careful and systematic study of thermal, morphological, rheological, stability, acoustic and vibrational properties of graphene-based nanofluids was carried out. We observed a huge increase of up to 48% in thermal conductivity and 18% in heat capacity of graphene-N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) nanofluids. A significant enhancement was also observed in graphene-N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) nanofluids of approximately 25% and 12% for thermal conductivity and heat capacity, respectively. The blue shift of several Raman bands (max. ~ 4 cm-1) with increasing graphene concentration in DMF and DMAc nanofluids suggested that graphene has the ability to affect solvent molecules at long-range, in terms of vibrational energy. In parallel, numerical simulations based on density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD) showed a parallel orientation of DMF towards graphene, favoring π–π stacking and contributing to the modification of the Raman spectra. Furthermore, a local order of DMF molecules around graphene was observed suggesting that both this special kind of interaction and the induced local order may contribute to the enhancement of the thermal properties of the fluid. Similar studies were also performed in graphene-N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone nanofluids, however, no modification of the thermal conductivity or the Raman spectra was observed. All these observations together suggest that there is a correlation between the modification of the vibrational spectra and the increase in the thermal conductivity of the nanofluids. In light of these results, the mechanisms suggested in the literature to explain the enhancement of thermal conductivity in nanofluids were discussed and some of them were discarded. The second line of research focused on the development and characterization of novel molten salts formulations with low-melting temperature and high thermal stability. In this regard, two novel formulations of six components based on nitrates with a melting temperature of 60-75 °C and a thermal stability up to ~ 500 °C were synthesized. Moreover, the complexity of the samples led to establish a series of experimental methods which are proposed for the melting temperature detection of these materials as an alternative to conventional calorimetry. These methods are Raman spectroscopy, three-omega technique, and optical transmission.
Maldonado, Gálvez Paula Daniela. "Despacho Óptimo de una Central Solar con Almacenamiento de Calor en Sales". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2011. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/104327.
Pełny tekst źródłaLa presente memoria tiene por objetivo principal optimizar el despacho de una central solar térmica, que tiene como sistema de almacenamiento tanques de sales fundidas, y que además considera el funcionamiento de una caldera auxiliar para recalentar el fluido circulante en el campo solar. Para cumplir con el objetivo se evaluaron los principales factores influyentes, se realizó un análisis del comportamiento de los costos marginales de las dos subestaciones cercanas a la posible ubicación de la planta, estimando el funcionamiento mensual de la planta para diferentes formas de operación. En este contexto, se implementó un mapa de comportamiento de la central, para estudiar el funcionamiento en un rango variado de escenarios, para así obtener una estadística de las horas en las que el almacenamiento estaba activo, y cuando era la caldera auxiliar la que tenía el peso de la generación. Asimismo fue posible discernir las combinaciones de salida de turbina y porcentaje de combustible fósil que lograban una mejor eficiencia del bloque de potencia. El mapa de comportamiento también identificó los escenarios en los que el fluido térmico alcanza su mayor temperatura y se tenía una cantidad más alta de pérdidas térmicas, además de identificar en qué meses se generaba el mayor gasto en combustible fósil. Una vez terminado el mapa de comportamiento, se diseñaron dos conjuntos de estrategias, una plana a lo largo del día, con una salida de turbina al 100% y otra que permite una fluctuación de generación entre un 80% y un 110%. Cada conjunto está definido por diferentes escenarios, en algunos de los cuales se daba preferencia al almacenamiento y en otros a la caldera auxiliar. Los resultados de las estrategias diseñadas se valorizaron, obteniendo los ingresos por generación y los costos por concepto de combustible fósil para la caldera auxiliar. Además se determinaron las alternativas que presentaban una mejor eficiencia a lo largo del año. Se determinó que el escenario que contemplaba una generación diferenciada a lo largo del día, pese a tener durante gran parte del año un margen de ingreso similar a la producción plana, era una mejor opción dado que el gasto en combustible era menor y, por lo tanto, implica una menor contaminación por emisiones de dióxido de carbono. Finalmente se presenta un resumen del comportamiento de la central, con los datos de generación bruta y neta anual, el consumo de agua, las horas de generación y la eficiencia promedio de la planta.
Ruiz-Cabañas, F. Javier. "Corrosion evaluation of molten salts thermal energy storage (TES) systems in concentrated solar power plants (CSP)". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671680.
Pełny tekst źródłaEl creciente protagonismo de la tecnología solar se centra en su capacidad para adaptar su producción a la demanda energética exigida. La gestionabilidad de este tipo de centrales se ha conseguido mediante la integración de sistemas de almacenamiento térmico en sales fundidas. El uso de sales fundidas en sistemas de almacenamiento térmico presenta el hándicap de su corrosividad a alta temperatura. El primer bloque de la Tesis analiza los fenómenos de corrosión asociados a las sales solares en la planta piloto TES-PS10 mediante la instalación de racks de corrosión en los tanques de sales. Además, se ha llevado a cabo un estudio post-mortem de componentes de la instalación. Finalmente, se ha analizado a nivel de laboratorio la corrosividad de distintas mezclas de nitrato de baja pureza. El segundo bloque de la tesis se centra en los sistemas de almacenamiento en calor latente. En concreto, se analiza la corrosión asociada a la mezcla peritéctica 46% LiOH-54% KOH propuesta como material de cambio de fase en el módulo de evaporación en plantas de generación directa de vapor. De este modo, se han llevado a cabo ensayos de corrosión a nivel de laboratorio para evaluar el comportamiento a corrosión de distintos materiales en contacto con los hidróxidos.
The growing of concentrated solar power (CSP) within the different renewable energies is due to its ability to adapt the production to the required energy demand. The dispatchability of this type of plants has been achieved through the integration of molten salts thermal storage systems (TES). Molten salts have a handicap associated to their corrosiveness at high temperature. First block of this Thesis analyzes the corrosion phenomena associated with solar salts used in TES-PS10 pilot plant by installing corrosion racks in the salt tanks. Moreover, a postmortem study of different components was performed after facility shut down. Finally, in order to reduce the cost of the salt inventory in TES systems, the corrosivity of different low purity nitrates mixtures has been analyzed at laboratory scale. The second block of the Thesis focuses on latent heat storage systems. Specifically, it has been analyzed the corrosion associated with the proposed 46% LiOH-54% KOH peritectic mixture as a phase change material in the evaporation module of direct steam generation (DSG) CSP plants. Thus, corrosion tests have been performed at laboratory level to evaluate the corrosion performance of several materials in contact with such hydroxides.
Peiró, Bell-lloch Gerard. "Emmagatzematge d’energia tèrmica d’alta temperatura per aplicacions de fred solar i centrals termosolars". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/462071.
Pełny tekst źródłaEsta tesis contribuye en el campo del almacenamiento de energía térmica (TES) para aplicaciones de frío solar y centrales termosolares. Concretamente, en la validación y optimización de la tecnología TES a través de la experimentación a escala de planta piloto. La presente tesis está dividida en dos partes. Una, donde se estudian dos técnicas de mejora de la transferencia de calor en sistemas de almacenamiento por calor latente para aplicaciones de frío solar. Y otra, donde se demuestra la viabilidad de un intercambiador de placas para operar en un sistema de almacenamiento de doble tanque para centrales termosolares de cilindro parabólico. Así como la influencia de las estrategias de operación y del fluido caloportador en el proceso de transferencia de calor en el mismo intercanviador. Los diferentes estudios de esta tesis se han realizado mediante la planta piloto de la Universidad de Lleida construida en 2008 con la colaboración de Abengoa.
This thesis has contributed to the thermal energy storage (TES) field applied in solar cooling and concentrated solar power plants. Specifically, it is focused on validation and optimization of TES technology through the experimentation at pilot plant scale. This thesis is divided in two parts. A first part, where two heat transfer enhancement techniques in latent heat storage systems for solar cooling applications have been studied. And a second part, where the feasibility of plate heat exchanger to operate in a two-tank molten salts TES system for parabolic trough solar plant has been demonstrated. Moreover the influence of operational strategies and heat transfer fluid in heat transfer process of the same heat exchanger has been studied. The different studies included in this thesis has been performed through the pilot plant of University of Lleida built in 2008 in collaboration with Abengoa.
Sarvghad, Moghaddam Madjid. "Corrosion of structural alloys in molten salts for solar thermal energy storage". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/118056/1/Madjid_Sarvghad%20Moghaddam_Thesis.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaLopes, Telma Sofia Risso. "Advantages and drawbacks of a linear focusing system with low melting point molten salts". Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/31058.
Pełny tekst źródłaBerdibek, Shapagat. "Measurement of optical properties of molten salts and metallic compounds for advanced solar and nuclear systems". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/106769.
Pełny tekst źródła"June 2015." Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page 29).
Renewable energies can reduce the dependence on fossil fuels. Solar thermal systems designed to use molten salts to directly absorb the solar heat are promising due to (1) potentially higher efficiency in capture of sunlight and (2) use of the salt to simultaneously capture sunlight and store heat in the salt. The optical properties of the molten salts are crucial for the design of such thermal systems because they determine the depth of the salt required to absorb sunlight and allow modeling of the performance of such systems. Molten salts are also being developed as coolants for high temperature reactors. Optical properties are also required to determine the radiative heat transfer of the coolant. The objectives of this thesis were to build a better system to measure these properties and measure the optical properties of the proposed salt for a direct absorption concentrated solar thermal system. The attenuation coefficient of light in a binary nitrate salt mixture (KNO 3-NaNO3 40-60 wt%) was measured over the wavelength range 833-2500 nm and the temperature range 300-400°C. This salt is the leading candidate for the first generation of a proposed concentrated solar power on demand (CSPonD) concept [3]. The relevant data was obtained using a FTIR spectrometer and an experimental apparatus designed for semitransparent liquids. The apparatus was validated using the published data for the attenuation of light in deionized water. The attenuation coefficients of the binary nitrate salt mixture for the lower wavelengths matched the data obtained by Passerini [1]. For the longer wavelengths, the attenuation coefficient peaked around 2.5 Pm as predicted by Drotning [2]. Since certain metallic components of solar and nuclear systems are exposed to the molten salt, it is important to characterize the behavior of their reflectivity in the presence of the molten salt. The reflectivity of 304L stainless steel was measured for the wavelength range 600-5000 nm at incident angles of light 10°, 40°, and 70° after an 8-day molten salt immersion test. The reflectivity was measured to be less than 10% for the solar spectrum.
by Shapagat Berdibek.
S.B.
Amber, Ityona. "Transient natural convection induced by the absorption of concentrated solar radiation in high temperature molten salts". Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/3106.
Pełny tekst źródłaCarvalho, Marlise Lila Silva. "Eficiência da luz solar refletida e desempenho de dispositivos de sombreamento: estudo para salas de aula na cidade de Maceió". Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2018. http://www.repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/3522.
Pełny tekst źródłaO clima quente e úmido caracteriza-se pelo predomínio do céu parcialmente nublado, o que torna intensa a radiação solar, impondo a necessidade de sombreamento. Assim, a iluminação natural no interior do ambiente pode depender mais da luz refletida do que da luz natural direta. Planejar a forma das superfícies é um importante recurso para o aproveitamento da luz solar refletida. Neste sentido, dispositivos de sombreamento podem ser projetados para obstruir a visão do céu apenas o necessário para o sombreamento, refletindo a luz solar para o ambiente e minimizando essa perda. O objetivo geral desta pesquisa de doutorado é estudar o desempenho de dispositivos de sombreamento em salas de aula com relação à eficiência luminosa na captação da luz solar refletida, em Maceió, a fim de que seja identificado o potencial de aproveitamento da luz solar desses elementos. Para isso foram definidas três variáveis desses dispositivos: número de peças, especularidade e refletância das superfícies dos brises. Os modelos resultantes da combinação dessas variáveis foram analisados quanto à eficiência da luz solar refletida, índice proposto nesta pesquisa. O programa utilizado para as simulações computacionais desses modelos foi o TropLux. Análises estatísticas foram desenvolvidas a fim de identificar as variáveis de maior impacto para a eficiência da luz solar refletida e relacionar o índice ao desempenho da iluminação, através de indicadores de disponibilidade, distribuição e manutenção da iluminância no ambiente: iluminância média anual, uniformidade média anual e autonomia de luz natural espacial. Os resultados mostraram que a refletância dos dispositivos é a variável que mais influencia positivamente a eficiência da luz solar refletida, chegando a incrementar em até 142% o índice. A iluminância média anual e a autonomia de luz natural espacial foram relacionados positivamente à eficiência e a parametrização definida também contribuiu para a ampliação dos seus valores. Quanto à distribuição de iluminâncias, a variação dos parâmetros analisados resultou em redução do índice de uniformidade, na maioria dos casos estudados. O aumento da especularidade e da refletância especular em modelos voltados para Leste reduziram o índice em 34% e 41%, respectivamente. Aumentar o número de peças em sistemas de dispositivos inseridos em aberturas laterais apenas corresponde a uma solução válida para o incremento da iluminação quando tais elementos possuem alta refletância, sobretudo especular. Tal medida representa uma estratégia mais eficiente no caso da fachada Norte. Entre os modelos analisados, os sistemas com maior número de peças, cujo acabamento das superfícies proporciona reflexão especular, são capazes de promover maior aproveitamento da luz solar na forma refletida. O uso de cores claras, como branco, creme e amarelo, também favorece o aproveitamento da luz solar, sobretudo se forem empregadas em materiais com reflexão especular. Por outro lado, altas refletâncias resultaram em redução da uniformidade da iluminação no ambiente. A partir dos resultados dos estudos de eficiência da luz solar refletida desenvolvidos, pode-se afirmar que é possível ampliar o aproveitamento da luz solar através da variação de determinadas características de dispositivos de sombreamento e, consequentemente, trazer benefícios para a disponibilidade de iluminação no ambiente.
Guerreiro, Luís. "Energy optimization of a concentrated solar power plant with thermal storage". Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/25594.
Pełny tekst źródłaMarques, Matheus Peixoto de Paula. "Análise da eficiência de elementos de proteção solar em relação ao sombreamento e a iluminação natural estudo de caso: salas de aula do campus I da UFPB". Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2012. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/5491.
Pełny tekst źródłaCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
This work addresses topics such as shading devices, shading and daylighting. It aims at verifying the efficiency of shading devices found classroom buildings at UFPB's campus I, with respect to shading and daylighting. The results of the research focus in the diagnosis of the solutions in the case study, by using three dimensional models (3D) and computer simulation. The digital models were constructed from data collected in field surveys. The computer programs used were the Solar Tool, Ecotect and Daysim. In parallel, we investigated a set of hypothetical situations, considering all the solutions found in the survey, in order to identify the performance of the solutions in other orientation facade. The evaluation of the models was made from performance measures such as the percentage of shading, percentage of sky visibility and useful daylight illuminances (UDI). From the results, we observed that: a) south-oriented façades with unprotected openings allow for environments with higher levels and better distribution of natural lighting; b) a large part of the orientation facade analyzed, except in the northwest and east, more than 50% of the samples obtained a good performance of daylighting; c) the percentage of shading is not enough to say whether an element of sunscreen is effective or not, which can generate misleading conclusions when used alone; d) the correlation of the performance of daylighting and performance of shading with the percentage of sky visibility, showed that for every orientation facade there is an optimal ratio between the percentage of shading and the percentage of sky visibility, and for the facade analyzed, the values of these measures are generally around 88.7% of shading of the opening and 8.1% of sky visibility.
Este trabalho aborda temas como elementos de proteção solar, sombreamento e iluminação natural. Tem como objetivo a verificação da eficiência de proteções solares encontradas em edificações de salas de aula no campus I da UFPB, no que diz respeito ao sombreamento e à iluminação natural. Os resultados da investigação centram-se no diagnóstico das soluções encontradas no estudo de caso, através da utilização de modelos tridimensionais (3D) e simulação computacional. Os modelos digitais foram construídos a partir de dados coletados em levantamento de campo. Os programas computacionais utilizados foram o Solar Tool, Daysim e o Ecotect. Em paralelo, foi investigado um conjunto de situações hipotéticas, considerando todas as soluções encontradas no levantamento, com objetivo de identificar o desempenho das soluções em outras orientações. A avaliação dos modelos foi feita a partir de medidas de desempenho como o percentual de sombreamento, percentual de visibilidade do céu e do useful daylight illuminances (UDI). Com os resultados obtidos foi possível observar que: a) fachadas com aberturas sem proteção orientadas para o Sul geram ambientes com melhores níveis e distribuição da iluminação natural; b) em grande parte das orientações analisadas, exceto na Noroeste e Leste, mais de 50% da amostra obteve um bom desempenho da iluminação natural; c) o percentual de sombreamento não é suficiente para afirmar se um sombreamento é eficaz ou não, podendo gerar conclusões equivocadas quando utilizado isoladamente; d) a correlação da performance da iluminação natural e do desempenho do sombreamento com o percentual de visibilidade do céu, mostrou que para cada orientação existe uma relação ideal do percentual de sombreamento com o percentual de visibilidade do céu, sendo que para as orientações analisadas os valores destas medidas se encontraram, em geral, próximo de 88,7% de sombreamento da abertura e 8,1% de visibilidade do céu.
López, Salas José Fabio [Verfasser], Stephan J. [Akademischer Betreuer] Heise, Jürgen [Akademischer Betreuer] Parisi i Petra [Akademischer Betreuer] Groß. "Modeling and simulation of charge carrier recombination dynamics in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin-film solar cells / José Fabio López Salas ; Stephan J. Heise, Jürgen Parisi, Petra Groß". Oldenburg : BIS der Universität Oldenburg, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1161096841/34.
Pełny tekst źródłaLópez, Salas José Fabio Verfasser], Stephan J. [Akademischer Betreuer] Heise, Jürgen [Akademischer Betreuer] [Parisi i Petra [Akademischer Betreuer] Groß. "Modeling and simulation of charge carrier recombination dynamics in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin-film solar cells / José Fabio López Salas ; Stephan J. Heise, Jürgen Parisi, Petra Groß". Oldenburg : BIS der Universität Oldenburg, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1161096841/34.
Pełny tekst źródłaKamkar, Paradis. "Le photovoltaïque, une « innovation verte » à l'épreuve du droit : analyse synthétique et critique du cadre juridique photovoltaïque visant le particulier à la Réunion". Thesis, La Réunion, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LARE0018.
Pełny tekst źródłaFacing a weakening photovoltaic market and a sector already bedeviled recently by a huge increase of legal texts, private investors decrease. This thesis tackles legal framework concerning photovoltaic energy in Reunion Island. This will include the analysis of fiscal incentives such as investment grants and tax preferences, as well as more general environmental policy instruments (feed-in-tariffs and renewable subsidies and grants). Moreover, this will include the analysis of contracts such as loan agreement, sale contract, lease agreement and connection/Commissioning contracts, as well as more environmental aspect. At last, risks, insurances, liability comprising legal proceedings and guarantees will be studied in this thesis
Kjellgren, Peter, i Nikolas Spanoudakis. "Sales opportunities for solar collectors in industries : A market analysis of two different markets". Thesis, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-327945.
Pełny tekst źródłaTorresan, María Fernanda. "Sensibilización de nanoarquitecturas de TiO2 con cristales coloidales de sales binarias de metales de transición (puntos cuánticos)". Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11086/15550.
Pełny tekst źródłaLa presente tesis aborda el estudio de las propiedades fisicoquímicas y fotoelectroquímicas de membranas de nanotubos de TiO2 modificadas con puntos cuánticos o “quantum dots” (Qdots) de CdSe para su potencial empleo como fotoánodos para celdas solares sensibilizadas con Qdots o “Quantum Dot Sensitized Solar Cells” (QDSSC). Este trabajo también está abocado a la búsqueda de diferentes estrategias para mejorar la eficiencia de conversión de energía solar en energía eléctrica de dichas superficies fotoactivas. La primera parte de la tesis consta de la introducción y la presentación de los objetivos. El primer capítulo es una introducción de los conceptos básicos acerca de la energía solar y dispositivos fotovoltaicos. Se exponen los hechos que justifican el estudio y desarrollo en torno al aprovechamiento de este tipo de energía y se presenta el contexto general de los dispositivos fotolvoltaicos, en la actualidad y particularmente en la Argentina. En el capítulo 2 se introducen conceptos fundamentales de las celdas solares sensibilizadas con Qdots. Se explican las partes constituyentes de las celdas solares, su modo de operación y el mecanismo cinético en la generación de la fotocorriente. Se enumeran y explican brevemente las diferentes técnicas de caracterización morfológica y funcional de este tipo de celdas solares. En el capítulo 3 se menciona el objetivo principal de la tesis y se enumeran los objetivos específicos para llevar a cabo la presente investigación. En la segunda parte de la tesis se presentan los resultados logrados. Se aborda la síntesis y caracterización de arreglos nanotubulares de TiO2 obtenidos por anodización electroquímica del titanio en el capítulo 4 y de Qdots de CdSe y CuInS2 por las metodologías de inyección en caliente y termólisis en el capítulo 5. En el capítulo 6 se presentan los estudios llevados a cabo acerca del proceso de sensibilización óptica a través de la modificación superficial de los nanotubos de TiO2 por la adsorción directa de Qdots de CdSe, en la búsqueda de las mejores condiciones para lograr un grado de cubrimiento óptimo. Se exponen también los resultados de la caracterización de la respuesta fotoelectroquímica de las membranas de nanotubos modificadas con Qdots, empleadas como fotoánodos. En el capítulo 7 se analizan los cambios causados por el tratamiento térmico en las propiedades eléctricas y fisicoquímicas de los fotoánodos y se exponen las condiciones óptimas de tratamiento térmico encontradas para lograr aumentos en la fotocorriente generada. El capítulo 8 está abocado en los detalles de la construcción de celdas solares sensibilizadas con Qdots. Se exponen los resultados obtenidos relacionados con la caracterización de las celdas armadas, empleando los fotoánodos obtenidos y estudiados en los capítulos previos y se discute sobre los aspectos a mejorar en cuanto a la construcción de estas celdas. El capítulo 9 aborda la temática de generación de Hidrógeno por la ruptura fotoelectroquímica del agua y los resultados obtenidos empleando como fotoánodo la membrana de nanotubos de TiO2. Finalmente se presentan las principales proyecciones en vistas de continuar con dicho trabajo en el futuro. La tercera parte de la tesis aborda las conclusiones principales de la tesis y las proyecciones a futuro, en el capítulo 10.
2020-12-31
Torresan, María Fernanda. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Argentina.
Iglesias, Rodrigo Alejandro. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Departamento de FísicoQuímica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico Química de Córdoba; Argentina.
Mariscal, Marcelo M. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Departamento de Química Teórica y Computacional. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba; Argentina.
Granados, Alejandro Manuel. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Departamento de Química Orgánica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba; Argentina.
Pérez, Manuel Alejo. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Departamento de Fisicoquímica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba; Argentina.
Chesta, Carlos Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y materiales avanzados; Argentina.
HSU, CHIA-HSUAN, i 許嘉軒. "Synthesis of new metal-salen complexes of dye-sensitized solar cells". Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/44954729911496399118.
Pełny tekst źródła國立中央大學
化學研究所
98
With increasing renewable energy demands, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are being explored extensively for photovoltaic applications because of their versatility and low cost of manufacture. In these cells the sensitizer is one of the key components, harvesting the solar radiation and converting it to electric current. To date, the only ruthenium sensitizers for DSSC applications that have been described in the literature are those bearing bipyridine or polypyridine ligands. But ruthenium metal is not full in the earth,therefore enhances the cost of manufacture. We design the new class of organic dye with different metal like Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pd, Pt were used complex with compound as sensitizer. We hope the kind of Metal salen-ligand complexes could get good performance in DSSCs.
Cardozo, Franclim Rodrigues. "Concentrating solar power technologies using molten salts for storage and production of energy". Master's thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/68344.
Pełny tekst źródłaTese de Mestrado Integrado. Engenharia do Ambiente. Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Porto. 2012
Cardozo, Franclim Rodrigues. "Concentrating solar power technologies using molten salts for storage and production of energy". Dissertação, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/68344.
Pełny tekst źródłaTese de Mestrado Integrado. Engenharia do Ambiente. Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Porto. 2012
Pai, Shan-yin, i 白善尹. "The Modification of TiO2 Nanopaste by Ammonium Salts for Application of Dye-sensitized Solar Cells". Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/8b6gyu.
Pełny tekst źródła國立臺北科技大學
有機高分子研究所
101
Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) have attracted tremendous interest due to the possibilities of low cost, simple fabrication steps, and flexibility. TheTiO2 thin film photoanode is one of the important components affecting the performance of DSSCs. In this thesis, the modification of TiO2 nanopastes employing a series of ammonium salts such as ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, tetraethyl ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium acetate, and ammonium hexaflurophosphate were performed. The influences of various ammonium salts on the TiO2 nanopastes as well as their application in DSSCs were studied. It was found that the utilization of ammonium carbonate shows the enhanced DSSC performance compared to those without modification. The concentration of addition of ammonium carbonate was varied as 0, 3, 5, 7 and 9 wt %, in which, the 7 wt % ammonium carbonate based TiO2 photoelectrode achieved the optimal overall photoconversion efficiency of~8%.
Tsai, Sheng-Han, i 蔡昇翰. "The effect ammonium salts on the preparation of TiO2 nanoparticles for dye-sensitized solar cells". Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/yun8sw.
Pełny tekst źródła國立臺北科技大學
有機高分子研究所
101
TiO2 nanocubes were synthesized by hydrolysis of titanium tetra-isopropoxide as Ti precursors, followed by hydrothermal treatment under the basic condition. Various kinds of TiO2 colloids were prepared by adding ammonium salts with different alkyl chains such as ammonium hydroxide, tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide, tetraethyl ammonium hydroxide, and tetrabutyl ammonium hydroxide before hydrothermal crystallization. The crystal phase, shape, and morphology of TiO2 nanocubes were studied by XRD, TEM, and SEM analysis. It was found that the TiO2 nanocubes were pure anatase and tended to assemble with well-ordered and close-packed domains. Both alkyl length and hydrothermal duration influence the TiO2 nanocube formation efficiency. The ammonium salts with longer alkyl chain could form TiO2 nanocubes in shorter hydrothermal time and vice versa. The above TiO2 nanocubes were applied as photoanode materials in dye-sensitized solar cells. A systematic comparison between alkyl chain length and the photo-conversion efficiency of DSSCs fabricated by various TiO2 nanocubes were discussed in this work.
Mohan, Gowtham. "Development of high-temperature sensible thermal energy storage systems for advanced concentrating solar power generation". Phd thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/157319.
Pełny tekst źródłaChih-YunChin i 金志昀. "Tetra-n-alkyl Ammonium Bromide salts as Electron Extraction Layers in Polymer Bulk Hetero-junction Solar Cells". Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/32102314560105458889.
Pełny tekst źródłaKu, Shu-Yuan, i 顧書源. "Application of quaternary ammonium salts based room temperature ionic liquid as electrolyte solvents in dye-sensitized solar cells". Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/69341504714499281484.
Pełny tekst źródła國立清華大學
化學工程學系
98
In this thesis, quaternary ammonium salt-based ionic liquids are used to serve as a low-volatility solvent for electrolytes in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). There are three main advantages for the use of volatile organic solvents for electrolytes, including fast diffusion rates, high ionic conductivities, and low viscosities. However, because of the high volatility of the electrolyte solvent, the cell performance decreases when the solvent vapor leaks. In this thesis, a series of quaternary ammonium salts-based ionic liquids are prepared from heating mixtures of quaternary ammonium salts and hydrogen bond donors. This series of liquids has the advantages of cost-effectiveness, easy preparation, low volatility, and excellent ionic conductivity when used as the solvents for electrolytes in DSSCs. A new quaternary ammonium salts (Acetylcholine iodide, ACI) is developed in this thesis. When used in DSSCs, constructed from P25 powders and D149 dye (a metal-free iodoline dye), the electrolyte gives a Jsc of 8.57 (mA/cm2), a Voc of 0.645 (V), a fill factor of 0.61, and an efficiency of 3.36%, which is 78% of that achieved by using the AN based electrolyte (efficiency of 4.3%) under the same measurement condition.
Lekephet, Woranan, i Woranan Lekephet. "Effect of ammonium salts surfactant on the hydrothermal synthesis of various TiO2 morphologies for dye-sensitized solar cell applications". Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/sbtgdc.
Pełny tekst źródła國立臺北科技大學
有機高分子研究所
105
Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) represent a cheap and clean technology that harnesses solar energy efficiently and have been intensively studied. One of the key components in DSSCs is the inorganic TiO2 materials because of their great potential in a wide variety of applications and promising capability in photoelectrochemical solar cells. The aim of this thesis focuses on the development of various morphological TiO2 materials with the motivation to further enhance power conversion efficiency of DSSCs. Firstly, various TiO2 structures such as rice-, star-, and flower-shaped microstructures were successfully synthesized using tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) as ammonium salt by a surfactant assisted hydrothermal method. The effects of the versatile preparation parameters including the amount of titania precursor and surfactant, the addition of ethanol/water, and the hydrothermal process temperature and time on the TiO2 morphology were investigated. Rice-shaped TiO2 was comprised of anatase and brookite mixture crystal phases with an average length of 1.10m and width of 0.41 m. Star-shaped TiO2 with around 3.60 m diameter and flower-shaped TiO2 with a length of 3.75 m and width of 2.75 m showed crystal structures of anatase, rutile, and brookite ternary phases in the XRD analysis. Based on the DSSC device studies, these three types of morphologies are suitable as scattering layers because the star-, rice-, and flower-shaped TiO2 photoanodes based devices showed an 14, 10, and 3.2% efficiency improvement, respectively, over the device (a-TiO2) without scattering layer. Among them, the DSSC comprised of a photoanode coated with star-shaped (a-TiO2/ star-TiO2) microstructures yielded the highest photo-electric conversion efficiency of 9.56%. Both the strong light scattering ability and high dye adsorption of the prepared scattering layered TiO2were found to enhance the light harvesting efficiencies of the DSSCs. In addition, the effect of ammonium salts surfactant such as tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH), tetraethylammonium hydroxide (TEAH), tetrapropylammomium hydroxide (TPAH), and tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBAH) on the TiO2 morphology were further investigated. The results showed that the surfactants with different alkyl chain length of tetraalkylammonium cations (TAN+) had a great influence on the morphology, particle size, and crystalline phase of TiO2 particles. Under the same experimental conditions, the surfactants of TMAH, TEAH, TPAH, and TBAH resulted in the star-, flower-, rod-, and scree-shaped TiO2 particles (TM-, TE-, TP-, and TB-TiO2), respectively. The particle sizes were decreased in the range from 3.6 m to 220 nm while increasing the alkyl chain length of the surfactants. All the TiO2 powders showed an anatase phase besides the TiO2 prepared from TMAH surfactant. The photovoltaic investigations of DSSC based on these TiO2 samples as the scattering layers indicated that the TB-TiO2 cell exhibited excellent power conversion efficiency of 9.88%, which was higher than that of a device which fabricated without a scattering layer (8.83%). Among these scattering layers, TB-TiO2 has the optimum particle size (220 nm) with the highest surface area leading to the largest dye adsorption value and an excellent efficiency. In order to further increase the dye adsorption of the photoanodes, the scattering layer was prepared by mixing the large (TB-TiO2) and small sized (a-TiO2) particles as composites with different weight ratios, leading to the highest efficiency of 10.53% at TB-/ a -TiO2 (2:3). Further, TiO2 nanocubes were synthesized via hydrolysis condensation of TTIP in aqueous media, followed by hydrothermal treatment with different alkyl chain length such as NH4OH, TMAH, TEAH, and TBAH as assisted surfactants. The crystalline phase, shape, and morphology of TiO2 nanocubes were studied by XRD, TEM, and SEM analysis. These TiO2 nanocubes were pure anatase phase and tended to assemble with well-ordered and close-packed domains. Both alkyl chain length of ammonium salts surfactant and hydrothermal duration affected the TiO2 nanocube formation process. The ammonium salts surfactant with longer alkyl chain formed TiO2 nanocubes in shorter hydrothermal time and offered the smallest particle size. The above TiO2 nanocubes were applied as photoanode materials in N719 anchored DSSCs and one of the cells exhibited the best power conversion efficiency (7.85%).
Yan, Po-Ruei, i 顏伯叡. "Incorporation of Quaternary Ammonium Salts Containing Different Counterions into the C60 Derivative as Electron Transporting Layers to Improve the Performance of Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells". Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/n4m2pj.
Pełny tekst źródła國立交通大學
照明與能源光電研究所
105
In this research, three quaternary ammonium salts containing different counterions, including tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBABr), tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate (TBABF4), and tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate (TBAPF6), were incorporated into [6,6]-phenyl-C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) as electron transporting layer (ETL). These salts-doped PCBM films revealed higher electron mobility and Fermi levels compared with the un-doped one. Better charge transfer at the interface between perovskite and salts-doped PCBM was also obtained from PL quenching experiments. Inverted perovskite solar cells with the configuration of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/CH3NH3PbI3/PCBM+salts/Ag were fabricated, and the JSC and FF of devices were significantly enhanced using salts-doped PCBM as ETL. The best device based on TBABF4-doped PCBM delivered a power conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 13.41%, which was superior to the one with undoped PCBM layer (PCE = 8.77%).
Chang, Wei-Hsuan, i 張維軒. "(a)The New Saccharin Salts Used in the Catalytic Acylation Reaction and Recycling(b)High Efficient Bis(fluoro-ponytailed) Bipyridine Ruthenium complexes containing Tetrabutylammonium for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells". Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/76cz29.
Pełny tekst źródła國立臺北科技大學
有機高分子研究所
100
(a)The New Saccharin Salts Used in the Catalytic Acylation Reaction and Recycling We had successfully synthesized and purified the salt made of DMAP and saccharin. It’s surprising to discover that DMAP-salt and the other salts have the similar structure, and they can used in the catalytic esterification reaction of the alcohol. Conversion yield percentage and reaction time compared with the literature data, the overall efficiency of the reaction about 30 times. However, the reaction without adding solvents and bases can be carried out at room temperature. This discovery is based on the crystallization for series of saccharin and saccharin’s compounds. In the thesis, we improve the disadvantages of catalysts recycling. The non-polar solvents can soluble the acylation product, but catalyst can’t. We use catalyst insoluble characteristics through the centrifuge can easily recycle catalysts. Furthermore, the recycle-easy catalysts are based on concept of modern green technology. (b)High Efficient Bis(fluoro-ponytailed) Bipyridine Ruthenium complexes containing Tetrabutylammonium for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells We used particular by designed bis(fluoro-ponytailed) bipyridine binding with rethenium. After purification of crude dye by column chromatography, the product was analyzed and spectroscopically characterized by multi-nuclei NMR (1H, 19F and 13C), FTIR and FAB. We synthesis of the CT series of dyes containing different tetrabutylammonium numbers had H1TBA3 and H3TBA1 two types. Dye molecules with different tetrabutylammonium numbers of photoelectric conversion efficiency. UV-vis, CV and other instruments measured results compared with the N719. We study the different tetrabutylammonium numbers of the dye in the optical, electrochemical and photoelectric conversion efficiency.
López, Pérez Alejandro. "La novela histórica y de aventuras en torno al bandolero Jaime el Barbudo: realidad y ficción, temas e influencias en las obras de Ramón López Soler, Francisco de Sales Mayo y Florencio Luis Parreño". Doctoral thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/11510.
Pełny tekst źródła