Gotowa bibliografia na temat „SOLAR PV MODULES”
Utwórz poprawne odniesienie w stylach APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard i wielu innych
Zobacz listy aktualnych artykułów, książek, rozpraw, streszczeń i innych źródeł naukowych na temat „SOLAR PV MODULES”.
Przycisk „Dodaj do bibliografii” jest dostępny obok każdej pracy w bibliografii. Użyj go – a my automatycznie utworzymy odniesienie bibliograficzne do wybranej pracy w stylu cytowania, którego potrzebujesz: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver itp.
Możesz również pobrać pełny tekst publikacji naukowej w formacie „.pdf” i przeczytać adnotację do pracy online, jeśli odpowiednie parametry są dostępne w metadanych.
Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "SOLAR PV MODULES"
1
A. A., ADAMU, ADAMU K. S., MOHAMMEDA., SULE M.A. i IBRAHIM U.S. "Effect of Dust Accumulation on the Performances of Solar Panels in Static and Tracking Systems in Bauchi Metropolis of Nigeria". International Journal of Advances in Scientific Research and Engineering 08, nr 11 (2022): 16–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31695/ijasre.2022.8.11.3.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The research aimed at comparing the effect of dust accumulation on the performances of solar PV modules in static position and on a tracking system within Bauchi metropolis of Nigeria , during the harmattan season –November to December. Dust deposition on the surface of PV panel reduces the conversion efficiency by absorbing and preventing the Solar radiation from reaching the cells of the panel. This necessitated the need to develop a reliable tool to relate energy production from solar cells with respect to dust deposition on both static and solar tracking PV modules. A test bed was designed for the field measurement of output current, voltage, temperature and dust weight data from the two PV modules.” Centsys” polycrystalline solarpanels () was used for the research. A statistical technique involving regression analysis in SPSS software was used to correlate between the various measured data from the test bed to predict the effect of dust accumulation on the surface of each module, which will enable solar power installers to take necessary measures for improving the PV module’s conversion efficiency during the period under review. The research result showed that the effect of dust on the tracking solar PV moduleis less significant compared to the static panel, giving the former a better conversion efficiency.
2
Jadu Ali, Kamil, Ahmed Hasan Mohammad i Ghanim Thiab Hasan. "An empirical correlation of ambient temperature impact on PV module considering natural convection". Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 19, nr 2 (1.08.2020): 627. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v19.i2.pp627-634.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
<p><span>In this paper, the effect of the ambient temperature on the PV modules for different angles of inclinations and different intensities of the solar radiation on the surface of the PV module is considered by using empirical correlations for natural convection. An analytical model based on the energy balance equilibrium between the PV module and the environment conditions has been used. Also an expression for calculating the electric power of silicon PV modules in a function of the ambient temperature, the intensity of the solar radiation, the incident angle of the solar radiation to the surface of the PV module and the efficiency of the PV modules at STC conditions have been used. By comparing the obtained both results, it can be seen that the largest deviation between the power values obtained by the analytical model and expression is about (5 %). The results obtained indicates that in the case of a small number of PV modules corresponding to the required number for an average household, it is more economical to invest additional resources in increasing the PV module's surface area than in case of the PV module with sun tracking system. </span></p>
3
Najem, Alaa. "YEARLY IMPROVEMENT OF GRID-CONNECTED SOLAR PV SYSTEM PARAMETERS BY PLANAR CONCENTRATORS". Journal of Engineering Research [TJER] 19, nr 2 (5.04.2023): 140–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.53540/tjer.vol19iss2pp140-151.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Planar concentrators are used in the current manuscript to improve the solar PV system parameters (electrical energy, array yield, and solar irradiation). Additionally, study the temperature (both the ambient temperature and the temperature of the PV modules), performance ratio, and efficiency. The current PV system is situated at Al-Taji town in Baghdad. These improvements are achieved by using planar concentrators to increase solar radiation (made of aluminium metal). The results demonstrated a 21% increase in the yearly average energy output for improved solar PV modules. The improved solar PV modules' average yearly array yield increased by 20.6%. Compared to the reference PV modules, the improved solar PV modules received 24% more solar irradiation yearly on average. The monthly average of the performance ratio (PR) and efficiency to the improved solar PV modules and reference solar PV modules are 89.3% & 13.61%, and 91.2% & 13.89%, respectively. The yearly average temperatures of the reference PV solar modules and improved PV solar modules are 48.8OC and 46.0OC, respectively, at an average ambient temperature of 29.2OC. The originality of this work is the successful improvement of the electrical energy of the grid-tied PV system, in addition to studying the performance of the second generation of photovoltaic solar modules (CIGS), where CIGS is the PV module technology that is used in this manuscript.
4
., Jalaluddin, i Baharuddin Mire. "Performansi aktual modul photovoltaik dengan pengarah matahari". Jurnal Teknik Mesin Indonesia 12, nr 2 (7.03.2018): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.36289/jtmi.v12i2.80.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Actual performance of photovoltaic module with solar tracking is presented. Solar radiation can be converted into electrical energy using photovoltaic (PV) modules. Performance of polycristalline silicon PV modules with and without solar tracking are investigated experimentally. The PV module with dimension 698 x 518 x 25 mm has maximum power and voltage is 45 Watt and 18 Volt respectively. Based on the experiment data, it is concluded that the performance of PV module with solar tracking increases in the morning and afternoon compared with that of fixed PV module. It increases about 18 % in the morning from 10:00 to 12:00 and in the afternoon from 13:30 to 14:00 (local time). This study also shows the daily performance characteristic of the two PV modules. Using PV module with solar tracking provides a better performance than fixed PV module.
5
Yousif, Jabar H., Hussein A. Kazem, Haitham Al-Balushi, Khaled Abuhmaidan i Reem Al-Badi. "Artificial Neural Network Modelling and Experimental Evaluation of Dust and Thermal Energy Impact on Monocrystalline and Polycrystalline Photovoltaic Modules". Energies 15, nr 11 (4.06.2022): 4138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15114138.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Many environmental parameters affect the performance of solar photovoltaics (PV), such as dust and temperature. In this paper, three PV technologies have been investigated and experimentally analyzed (mono, poly, and flexible monocrystalline) in terms of the impact of dust and thermal energy on PV behavior. Furthermore, a modular neural network is designed to test the effects of dust and temperature on the PV power production of six PV modules installed at Sohar city, Oman. These experiments employed three pairs of PV modules (one cleaned daily and one kept dusty for 30 days). The performance of the PV power production was evaluated and examined for the three PV modules (monocrystalline, polycrystalline, and flexible), which achieved 30.24%, 28.94%, and 36.21%, respectively. Moreover, the dust reduces the solar irradiance approaching the PV module and reduces the temperature, on the other hand. The neural network and practical models’ performance were compared using different indicators, including MSE, NMSE, MAE, Min Abs Error, and r. The Mean Absolute Error (MAE) is used for evaluating the accuracy of the ANN machine learning model. The results show that the accuracy of the predicting power of the six PV modules was considerable, at 97.5%, 97.4%, 97.6%, 96.7%, 96.5%, and 95.5%, respectively. The dust negatively reduces the PV modules’ power production performance by about 1% in PV modules four and six. Furthermore, the results were evident that the negative effect of the dust on the PV module production based on the values of RMSE, which measures the square root of the average of the square’s errors. The average errors in predicting the power production of the six PV modules are 0.36406, 0.38912, 0.34964, 0.49769, 0.46486, and 0.68238.
6
Xiao, Dongyue, i Titi Liu. "Optimized photovoltaic system for improved electricity conversion". International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies 17 (2022): 456–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijlct/ctab103.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract Photovoltaic (PV) modules convert solar energy into electricity; however, in actual applications, the conversion efficiency of PV modules is low. This is because the temperature of PV modules increases, most of the incoming solar radiation absorbed is discarded to the PV modules as wasted heat; this wasted heat generated can be utilized and transferred to a heat exchanger in contact to the rear PV modules. A proposed model is considered with a variation of solar cell temperature due to solar radiation and its effects on output power are modeled and evaluated, seeing PV modules as a thermal absorber, a part of the heat dissipated in the PV modules can be recovered by means of a heat transfer fluid running behind the PV modules, this method improves the PV efficiency, as well as produces thermal and electrical energy simultaneously, thus, the PV modules provide a multifunctional performance cited above, this plays the role of a hybrid solar collector system. The aim of this study is to improve the efficiency of the PV module, through the analysis of a detailed Photovoltaic-Thermal (PVT) collector model performance. The study also estimates the electrical power and thermal energy produced; using MATLAB as an application-oriented design method, the method proposed in this paper can better improve the efficiency of PV power generation and has a wide range of application prospects.
7
Nugroho, Oktavianus Ardhian, Y. B. Adyapaka Apatya, Fransiskus Octario Sanctos Perdana Tukan i Yoannes Fredy Sakti. "The Robot Design Rancang Bangun Robot Pembersih Solar PV Dengan Sistem Pengendali Nirkabel". Infotekmesin 14, nr 2 (29.07.2023): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.35970/infotekmesin.v14i2.1699.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
One type of renewable energy source that is starting to be widely used at this time is the type of solar power generation. This system uses a photovoltaic effect where sunlight is converted into electricity. A solar cell usually consists of an arrangement of semiconductors cells often called solar PV modules. Obstacles arise when this PV module is dirty because the electrical power generated by the module becomes decreased. Manual cleaning is one of the ways to restore power to this PV. In this study, a cleaning robot machine has been designed and made that can clean solar PV modules automatically. The purpose of the study is to simplify the module maintenance process, ensure the safety and security of workers, reduce module damage, and ensure the cleanliness of the module. The design method has successfully made a robotic machine to clean solar PV modules. The test results also prove that the tool made can clean the module quickly and safely.
8
Paul, Damasen Ikwaba. "Experimental Characterisation of Photovoltaic Modules with Cells Connected in Different Configurations to Address Nonuniform Illumination Effect". Journal of Renewable Energy 2019 (1.04.2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5168259.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Most concentrating systems that are being used for photovoltaic (PV) applications do not illuminate the PV module uniformly which results in power output reduction. This study investigated the electrical performance of three PV modules with cells connected in different configurations to address nonuniform illumination effect. PV module 1 is the standard module consisting of 11 solar cells connected in series whereas PV module 2 is a proposed design with 11 cells in three groups and each group consists of different cells in series connections. PV module 3 is also a new design with 11 cells in two groups and each group consists of different cells connected in series. The new PV modules were designed in such a way that the effect of nonuniform illumination should affect a group of cells but not the entire PV module, leading to high power output. The PV modules were tested under three different intensities: uniform, low nonuniform, and high nonuniform illumination. When the PV modules were tested at uniform illumination, the total maximum power output of PV module 1 was higher than that of PV module 2 and PV module 3 by about 7%. However, when the PV modules were tested at low nonuniform illumination, the total maximum power output of PV module 2 was higher than that of PV module 1 and PV module 3 by about 4% and 7%, respectively. This difference increased to about 12% for PV module 3 and 17% for PV module 1 when the modules were tested at high nonuniform illumination. Therefore, the best PV module design in addressing nonuniform illumination effect in solar collectors is PV module 2. In practical situation this implies that manufacturers of PV modules should consider designing modules with groups of cells in series connection instead of all cells being connected in series.
9
Lai, GuangZhi, Dong Wang, HaoRan Li, Yi Zhao, WeiChen Ni i JiaHao Wen. "Modeling of Photovoltaic modules under shading condition and an error evaluation criterion". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2310, nr 1 (1.10.2022): 012032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2310/1/012032.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract Energy is the focus of recent years. As one of the most representative new energy sources, solar energy has the characteristics of large reserves and no pollution. The main way to use solar energy is photovoltaic (PV) power generation, and the PV module in the PV power generation system is the component that converts solar energy into electric energy. In the actual power generation process, PV modules often receive uneven solar illumination due to the shadow caused by clouds, trees, buildings, etc., resulting in changes in the output characteristics of PV modules and reduced output efficiency. Therefore, modeling of PV modules under shading condition is very important. This paper presents two simple methods for solving the parameters of PV module models, which require few parameters and are easy to obtain. A modeling method of PV modules under shading condition is also presented. And then the modeling method is verified with the experiment result. Finally, an error criterion for PV module modeling under shading condition is proposed to measure the goodness of the modeling. Combining with the two parameter solving methods, the errors of this PV module modeling method under shading condition of the error criterion proposed in this paper are 3.24% and 2.51%, respectively, which meet the requirements for engineering use.
10
BALARAJU, V., i Ch Chengaiah. "Modeling and Performance Investigations of Partially Shaded Solar PV Arrays with Cell Partition Technique based Modules". Trends in Renewable Energy 8, nr 1 (2022): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17737/tre.2022.8.1.00134.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Solar photovoltaic (PV) modules consist of solar cells connected in series to provide the required output power. The solar PV system is experiencing major challenges, which are mainly due to the partial shadows on the photovoltaic modules leading to mismatching power loss and hot spot problems. Hotspots have become a major cause of PV module failure. The Cell Partition Technique (CPT) is proposed to reduce hotspots and minimize mismatch losses caused by partial shadings. Specifically, each solar PV cell (Full cell) in a solar PV module is divided or partitioned into two half cells (known as Half-Cut Cells or HC) and three equal cells (known as Tri-Cut Cells or TC) in accordance with the proposed technique. The HC and TC types of cells are connected in a strings of series-parallel connection, and bypass diode is placed in middle of the solar PV module to ensure proper operation. The primary aim of this research is to model, evaluate, and investigate the performance of solar PV arrays using new PV modules are developed based on Cell Partition Technique (PVM-CPT), such as half-cut cell modules (HCM), and tri-cut cell modules (TCM) and compared with full-sized cell modules (FCM). These PVM-CPT are connected in Series–Parallel (SP), Total-Cross-Tied (TCT), and proposed static shade dispersion based TCT reconfiguration (SD-TCTR) for the array sizes of 3x4, 4x3 and 4x4, respectively. The purpose is to select the most appropriate solar PV array configurations in terms of the highest global maximum power and thus the lowest mismatch power losses under short and narrow, short and wide, long and narrow, long and wide type of cell level partial shadings. The Matlab/Simulink software is used to simulate and analyze all of the shading cases. The results show that, when compared to conventional module configurations under different shading conditions, the proposed static SD-TCTR arrangement with TC modules (SDTCTR-TCM) exhibits the lowest mismatch power losses and the greatest improvement in array power.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "SOLAR PV MODULES"
1
au, A. carr@aip org, i Anna Judith Carr. "A Detailed Performance Comparison of PV Modules of Different Technologies and the Implications for PV System Design Methods". Murdoch University, 2005. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20050830.94641.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
In designing any power generation system that incorporates photovoltaics (PV) there is a basic requirement to accurately estimate the output from the proposed PV array under operating conditions. PV modules are given a power rating at standard test conditions(STC) of 1000Wm-2, AM1.5 and a module temperature of 25 °C, but these conditions do not represent what is typically experienced under outdoor operation.
It is well known that different PV technologies have different seasonal patterns of behaviour. These differences are due to the variations in spectral response, the different temperature coefficients of voltage and current and, in the case of amorphous silicon (a-Si) modules, the extra effect of photo-degradation and thermal annealing.
In this study a novel method has been used to obtain highly accurate energy output data
from six different PV modules representing five different technologies:
Single crystal silicon (c-Si).
Poly-crystalline silicon (p-Si) (2 modules).
Triple junction amorphous silicon (3j, a-Si).
Copper indium diselenide (CIS).
Laser grooved buried contact (LGBC, c-Si) crystalline silicon.
This data set includes all the associated meteorological parameters and back-of-module temperatures.
The monitoring system allows the simultaneous measurement of six different modules under long-term outdoor operation, which in turn allows a direct comparison of the performance of the modules.
Each of the modules has been deployed for at least one year, which provides useful information about the seasonal behaviour of each technology.
This data set ultimately provides system designers and consumers with valuable information on the expected output of these different module types in climates like that of Perth, Western Australia.
The second part of the study uses the output data collected to assess and compare output predictions made by some currently available photovoltaic performance prediction tools or methods. These range from a generalised approach, as used in the Australian Standards, to the commercially available software packages that employ radiation, thermal and PV models of varying complexities. The results of these evaluations provide very valuable information, to PV consumers, about how complex PV output prediction tools need to be to give acceptable results.
2
Manhal, Ali, i Ali Tammam M. "Solar Tent : A Photovoltaic Generator Model for a Flexible Fabric with Inbuilt Cells". Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Energiteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-30552.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Natural disasters and conflicts in many different parts of the world force thousands of people to get displaced from their homes and live in refugee camps temporarily or permanently. For refugee families, lack of energy access has great impact on their lives. Tarpon Solar Company has developed a solar tent which is a combination of laminated cloth and flexible solar cells. In addition to producing renewable electricity, it can create a comfortable outdoor shelter from sun, rain and wind. The aims of this study were to define and size the solar system of the tent in both AC and DC systems and optimize the tent to work in different locations around the world. Besides designing a monitoring system for the solar tent to evaluate the performance. In addition, defining the social aspect and the consumer behavior for a better solar tent future design. As a case study, Tarpon AC solar tent in Glava, Sweden has been installed to cover the basic needs of the tent users. To understand the solar tent performance in different weather zones, 4 different locations were suggested. A monitor system was designed to monitor the tent solar system performance. The simulation software PVsyst was used to size the PV system in the different locations with different solar data. The PVsyst simulation results showed that the current Tarpon solar tent with 32 photovoltaic modules is extremely oversized to cover the basic needs loads (Lighting, mobile charging and ventilation) in the emergency cases. The current Tarpon solar tent has a standard number of photovoltaic modules integrated in the tent fabric while the photovoltaic modules number should vary from one location to another according to the weather data and solar irradiation. In this case the current Tarpon solar system used in Glava, Sweden can be optimized by decreasing the number of photovoltaic modules to only 6 photovoltaic modules instead of 32 modules. The study also shows that the features of the off-grid system components (battery and charge controller) are different from one location to another according to the criteria of selection. This study concludes that for the temporary short-term emergency use of the tent where only basic needs loads are needed, DC system is better than AC system in terms of energy efficiency, system size and cost in the different proposed locations. While AC system is better when using the tent for prolonged time in terms of user flexibility and ability to extend the system. Understanding the consumer behavior and the goal of the tent whether to be used for an emergency short term shelter or a permanent shelter for a prolonged time are important factors for a better solar tent design.
3
Hagsjö, Renberg Oscar, i Oscar Hermansson. "Technical and market potential of solar PV/thermal modules combined with ground source heat pumps". Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-170889.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This bachelor thesis investigates the market and technical potential of combining PV-T technology with ground source heat pumps for multi-family housings in Sweden. The basic idea is to first convert ordinary solar panels to solar panels that are cooled which reduces their resistance. This makes them more efficient and increases their life expectancy. The heat extracted is then utilized to make the heat pump more efficient. This can be done in multiple ways. Different system setups are therefore considered and the most optimal one is modelled and evaluated. The model is created in Excel using weather data from Sweden. It calculates the borehole temperature, COP and simple payback time for the system, varying different interesting inputs. The conclusion is that the best system solution is to transfer the PV-T coolant heat to the borehole. The result also shows that the performance of the system is improved the most for buildings with low heat losses, but that the simple payback time is longer in those cases. The potential of a system like this is not promising due to the long simple payback time, more detailed modelling is required so that a more realistic result can be achieved to see if it becomes shorter.Detta kandidatexamensarbete undersöker möjligheten att kombinera hybrid-solceller med bergvärmepumpar för flerfamiljebostäder i Sverige. Grundtanken är att göra om vanliga solceller till solceller som blir kylda så att de blir effektivare samt att de får längre livslängd, för att sedan använda den värmen man extraherar från cellen till att göra bergvärmepumpen effektivare. Detta kan göras på flera olika sätt och olika konfigurationer konstrueras och den bästa lösningen blir modellerad. Modellen görs i Excel och med hjälp av väder- och solcelldata från Sverige kommer den nya borrhålstemperaturen, COP-värdet samt tiden det tar innan man har fått tillbaka investeringen att beräknas. Resultatet är att det bästa sättet att kombinera dessa två system är att leda värmen direkt ner i borrhålet. Resultatet säger även att tiden det tar innan man har fått tillbaka sin investering är som kortast vid byggnader som har höga energibehov. Potentialen för detta system ser i nuläget inte lovande ut eftersom tiden det tar innan man får tillbaka investeringen är alldeles för lång, utförligare beräkningar krävs för att uppnå mer exakta resultat för att se om återbetalningstiden blir kortare.
4
Casanaba, Pablo. "Development of a Simple and Cheap Equipment for monitoring the solar Irradiance on PV modules". Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Energisystem och byggnadsteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-30216.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Increased use of renewable energies that is taking place all over the world is having a very important impact on the photovoltaic solar energy industry. This means of obtaining electrical energy is one of the most promising ones nowadays, thanks to the fact that it is a technology of easy installation and maintenance. However, the number of hours that a photovoltaic system works at maximum power depends almost entirely on environmental conditions, mainly in terms of solar irradiance.Solar irradiance is a magnitude that measures the power released by sunlight per unit area; the higher it is, the more power the photovoltaic system will generate.Therefore, it is very important to measure this magnitude in order to obtain data that either can give information about which is the best place to install a photovoltaic system or expect the device performance.Unfortunately, sensors used nowadays to measure this magnitude are quite expensive. The most widely used are the so-called pyranometers, with an average cost of between 8000 SEK to 10000 SEK, and solar reference cells, which can be quite cheaper (1000 SEK), but also can be the most expensive devices on the market depending on the features they have (some reference cells cost 20000 SEK).In this thesis, a solar irradiance sensor based on the treatment of a current generated by a silicon photodiode has been designed, built and calibrated. The signal generated by the device is a voltage that has been obtained by means of a current-to-voltage converter amplifier stage. Once the construction of the circuit was completed, it was tested on the roof of Hall 45 located in the University of Gävle. The testing was carried out on 13, 14 and 15 May 2019, and it consisted in the comparison of the signal generated by the new device and the signals generated by a pyranometer and a solar cell.The result is a device priced at 200 SEK, which shows acceptable levels of accuracy during central daylight hours but shows a strong angular dependence on incident light during sunrise and sunset.
5
Luna, MÃrcio Leal Macedo. "Development and validation of I x V curve tracer for photovoltaic modules". Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2016. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=17151.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorThe IxV curves tracers for PV modules are used as a method of diagnosis of problems such as shadowing, faulty connections and degradation conditions. There are several types and brands tracers commercially available, but their costs are quite high in the Brazilian market due to the need to import. This thesis describes the development and validation of a IxV curve tracer for PV modules based on the electronic load method using MOSFET as load to the module. By appropriate variation of the MOSFET gate-source voltage signal was possible to acquire the points of voltage and current of the PV modules terminals. These points were recorded using a data acquisition board with PIC18F2550, which is controlled by a computer via a USB with a graphical interface to the user. This interface was developed in MATLAB software ensuring greater flexibility and functionality to the device. For PV module temperature measurements PT100 sensors were used and measurements of solar irradiance was used a pyranometer LP02 model Hukseflux Thermal Sensor manufacturer, these sensors were connected to a supervisory system consists of a PC and a programmable logic controller (PLC). The validation process was conducted by comparing the electrical parameters provided by the developed tracer and the commercial tracer MINI-KLA. From this comparison an error was generated for each parameter. Three PV modules of different electrical characteristics (20 Wp, 87 Wp e 160 Wp) were used and there was similarity between the curves of the developed tracer with the curves of the commercial tracer. The average of errors of the electrical parameters for the 3 PV modules was less than 5% at no shading conditions. In two conditions of shading, the IxV curves provided by the two tracers for the KC 85 T PV module were compared and it was observed in the first situation that the MINI-KLA tracer could characterize only partially the curve while the tracer developed could characterize the curve fully, in the second situation there was great similarity between the curves of the two tracers with maximum percentage difference in the electrical parameters equal to 5.41%.
Os traÃadores de curva IxV para mÃdulos FV sÃo utilizados como um mÃtodo de diagnÃstico de problemas como sombreamento, conexÃes defeituosas e condiÃÃes de degradaÃÃo. Existem diversos tipos e marcas de traÃadores disponibilizados comercialmente, mas seus custos sÃo bastante elevados no mercado brasileiro devido à necessidade de importaÃÃo. A presente dissertaÃÃo aborda o desenvolvimento e a validaÃÃo de um traÃador de curva IxV para mÃdulos FV baseado no mÃtodo de carga eletrÃnica com uso de MOSFET como carga para o mÃdulo. AtravÃs da adequada variaÃÃo do sinal de tensÃo de gate-source do MOSFET foi possÃvel adquirir os pontos de tensÃo e corrente nos terminais dos mÃdulos FV. Estes pontos foram registrados atravÃs de uma placa de aquisiÃÃo de dados, com PIC18F2550, que à controlada via USB por um computador com uma interface grÃfica para usuÃrio. Esta interface foi desenvolvida com o software MATLAB, garantindo maior flexibilidade e funcionalidade ao dispositivo. Para mediÃÃes da temperatura do mÃdulo FV foram utilizados sensores PT100 e para as mediÃÃes de irradiÃncia solar foi utilizado um piranÃmetro modelo LP02 do fabricante Hukseflux Thermal Sensor; estes sensores foram utilizados atravÃs de um sistema supervisÃrio composto por um PC e um controlador lÃgico programÃvel (CLP). O processo de validaÃÃo foi realizado atravÃs da comparaÃÃo dos parÃmetros elÃtricos fornecidos pelo traÃador desenvolvido e pelo traÃador comercial MINI-KLA. A partir desta comparaÃÃo um erro foi gerado para cada parÃmetro. Foram utilizados 3 mÃdulos FV de diferentes caracterÃsticas elÃtricas (20 Wp, 87 Wp e 160 Wp) e observou-se proximidade entre as curvas do traÃador desenvolvido com as curvas do traÃador comercial. A mÃdia dos erros para os 3 mÃdulos relativa aos parÃmetros elÃtricos obtidos com os 2 traÃadores foi inferior a 5% em condiÃÃes sem sombreamento. Em duas condiÃÃes de sombreamento, as curvas IxV fornecidas pelos dois traÃadores relativas ao mÃdulo FV KC 85 T foram comparadas e observou-se na primeira situaÃÃo que o traÃador MINI-KLA conseguiu caracterizar apenas parcialmente a curva enquanto que o traÃador desenvolvido conseguiu caracterizar a curva totalmente, na segunda situaÃÃo observou-se grande proximidade entre as curvas dos dois traÃadores com diferenÃa percentual mÃxima nos parÃmetros elÃtricos igual a 5,41%.
6
Alayan, Sophia. "Design of a PV-Diesel Hybrid System with Unreliable Grid Connection in Lebanon". Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Energiteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-24465.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This thesis is a study on integration of photovoltaic generators into an existing diesel-unreliable grid connected system at the Lebanese village of Khiam. The main goal of implementing PV-diesel hybrid system is to reduce diesel consumption and the import of fossil fuel used in electricity power supply. Before designing the system, it is necessary to create a load profile for 120 households and pre-design the size of the PV generator, the capacity of storage system and inverter type/size selection. The load profile data is based on the average of monthly energy consumption gathered from Khiam village households. Detailed simulations and financial analysis are performed with HOMER to compare different systems and their viability. The simulations include four different designs starting from the existing system, diesel generator with unreliable grid, followed by PV generator and unreliable grid, PV and diesel generator and ended with the complete hybrid system. Once the Hybrid system is determined a detailed design is done to optimize the lowest cost PV-diesel hybrid system. The final simulated PV-diesel hybrid system is suggested with a PV capacity of 270 kWp, existing diesel capacity with 200 kVA, an inverter output of 115 kW and battery bank nominal capacity is 1872 kWh. The system renewable fraction is 53% and the project life cycle is 25 years. The PV-diesel hybrid system is projected to produce electricity at a cost of 0.12 USD/kWh. This cost is significantly lower than the 0.26 USD/kWh paid to the diesel operator, as well as lower than 0.13 USD/kWh paid to the utility grid. In addition, and according to the given information from the owner, an estimated diesel consumption of 104000 ltr/year, the simulation result shows diesel consumption at 40000 ltr/year. The reduced carbon dioxide production by 65%, from 776 to 272 tons per year, provides further justification for the PV installation in a commercial PV-diesel hybrid system.
7
Jakupi, Mergim, i Maxwell Minotta Cuervo. "Solar Energy Potential in Kosovo : Pilot study of installation with photovoltaic modules at The University of Prishtina". Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-284147.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The Republic of Kosovo, and its 1.8 million inhabitants, is heavily reliant on two highly pollutive lignite coal-fired power plants, Kosova A and Kosova B for energy generation. The coal-fired power plants, that cover 91% of the energy generation, are reaching the end of their operational life and are in need of either restoration or discontinuation. This implies that Kosovo is in need of energy alternatives for a more flexible energy system which could open opportunities for renewable energy. Solar power in Kosovo is still at a low percentage of less than 1%, and its future penetration is being held back by lack of investments and underdeveloped regulatory framework. Affordable and reliable energy, from solar power, could reduce poverty, lower unemployment, boost economic growth and improve people's health in Kosovo. This coincides with the sustainability goals set by the UN Agenda 2030 and specifically goal 7, ‘Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all’. The aim of the project was to design a techno-economically optimal PV-system at The University of Prishtina and to investigate the potential technical, social and economic impacts of implementing PV-systems in Kosovo to help achieve the UN 2030 Agenda, specifically SDG 7. The project consists of a quantitative part where simulations were done with the System Advisor Model (SAM) in order to calculate the energy generation and profitability of installing photovoltaic modules at The University of Prishtina with different policy-schemes. In addition, a qualitative study was done by compiling information on the policy structures in Kosovo and other european countries in order to identify obstacles and future trends in the development of renewables. The results showed that it is profitable for the University of Prishtina to install a PV-system in which the inspected financial indicators such as NPV, LCOE and payback time showed profitability for all policy-scenarios. In the base scenario with 200 kWp, which follows the current policy and capacity restrictions on the maximum allowed capacity of 100 kWp per metering point, 60% of the yearly electricity bills were covered. Two additional models were made with alternative policy-scenarios, one with a net-billing model in which sell-rates were altered and another with a higher capacity of 298.49 kWp utilizing the whole roof area. The system of 298.49 kWp gave the highest energy production and could cover 80% of the early electricity bills. The net-billing simulations indicated that profitability is also feasible for small-scale PV in a net-billing scheme with low sell-rates of electricity. LCOE ranged from $6.98 to 8.24 ¢/kWh, for all policy-scenarios, which was lower than the buy-rate of electricity for The University of Prishtina. The results from the simulations along with the qualitative study conclude that the cost- and technical potential for solar power is profitable and feasible. In addition to socio-economic factors such as job-opportunities and health benefits, solar power could be a competitive energy alternative in comparison to current forms of energy generation in Kosovo. However, due to restrictive RES-policy and potentially costly FiT’s in Kosovo a proposition, collected through qualitative studies, is to switch to auctioning schemes with possible usage of FiP’s, if needed, for large- scale PV with regulators putting an emphasis on an open, fair and competitive market. Solar power is competitive and would fare well in such schemes and its implementation should be encouraged by stakeholders and regulators in Kosovo.Republiken Kosovo och dess 1.8 miljoner invånare är starkt beroende av de två kraftigt förorenade kolkraftverken Kosova A och B för sin energiproduktion. Kolkraftverken, som är i slutskedet av sin livslängd, utgör närmare 91% av landets energiproduktion och är i behov av antingen restaurering eller avveckling. Detta medför ett stort behov av nya, flexibla energikällor i Kosovo vilket luckrar upp möjligheter för förnybar energi, särskilt solkraft. Andelen solkraft i Kosovo utgör idag mindre än 1 % av landets energimix och hämmas avsevärt av underutvecklade regelverk och brist på investering. Ekonomiskt överkomlig och tillförlitlig energi från solkraft skulle kunna bidra till minskad fattigdom, sänkt arbetslöshet, ökad ekonomisk tillväxt samt förbättrad hälsotillstånd hos Kosovos invånare. Detta sammanfaller i sin tur med FN:s globala hållbarhetsmål stipulerade i Agenda 2030, särskilt mål 7, ”Säkerställa tillgång till ekonomiskt överkomlig, tillförlitlig, hållbar och modern energi för alla”. Syftet med arbetet var att utforma ett tekno-ekonomiskt optimalt solcellssystem vid Universitetet i Pristina, samt undersöka de potentiella tekniska, sociala och ekonomiska effekterna av att implementera solcellssystem i Kosovo. Detta i mån om FN:s hållbarhetsmål och Agenda 2030, inriktat på mål 7. Projektet består av en kvantitativ analys där energiproduktionen och lönsamheten av att installera solcellsmoduler vid Universitetet i Pristina simuleras i anknytning till olika policy regelverk med hjälp av System Advisor Model (SAM). Vidare utfördes en kvalitativ studie där information om rådande politiska strukturer och regelverk i Kosovo och andra europeiska länder sammanställdes för att identifiera aktuella hinder och framtida trender i utvecklingen av förnybar energi. Resultaten visade att det är lönsamt för Pristinas universitet att installera ett solcellssystem. De granskade finansiella indikatorerna som NPV, LCOE och payback påvisade lönsamhet för alla simulerade policy scenarion. I bas-scenariot med 200 kWp med nuvarande kapacitets och policy restriktioner på maximalt 100 kWp per mätningspunkt, täcks 60% av de årliga elräkningarna. Därutöver simuleras ytterligare två modeller med alternativa policy-scenarion. En net-billing modell med varierande el-försäljningspriser samt en modell med högre kapacitet på 298,49 kWp. I systemet med 298,49 kWp erhölls den högsta energiproduktionen som täckte närmare 80% av de årliga elräkningarna. Net-billing simuleringarna gemensamt med låga el-försäljningspriser indikerade även lönsamhet i net-billing systemet. Denna typ av elförsäljning kan därmed vara realiserbart och tillämpas för småskaliga solkraftsanläggningar i Kosovo. För alla policy scenarion varierade LCOE från $ 6,98 till 8,24 ¢/kWh, vilket var lägre än elpriserna för Universitetet i Pristina. Resultaten från simuleringarna och den kvalitativa studien antyder att den tekniska och ekonomiska potentialen för solenergi är hög. Utöver socioekonomiska faktorer som jobbmöjligheter och hälsofördelar kan solenergi vara ett konkurrenskraftigt energialternativ jämfört med nuvarande former av energiproduktion i Kosovo tack vare dess billiga kostnader. Med avseende på restriktiva regelverk gällande förnybar energi och den potentiellt dyra feed-in tariff-policyn i Kosovo är det till fördel, baserat på den kvalitativa och kvantitativa analysen, att utveckla ett auktionssystem med kompletterande feed-in premium för storskaliga solkraftsanläggningar. Detta med betoning på en öppen, rättvis och konkurrenskraftig marknad. Solkraft är billigt, konkurrenskraftig och är gynnsam för de socioekonomiska aspekterna i Kosovo. Dess implementering bör uppmuntras av intressenter och lagstiftare i Kosovo.
Në Republiken e Kosovës me 1.8 milion banorë, qytetarët e saj varen shumë nga dy termocentrale të ndotura, Kosova A dhe Kosova B. Termocentralet me linjit, që mbulojnë 91% të gjenerimit të energjisë, po arrijnë fundin e jetës së tyre operacionale dhe kanë nevojë për restaurim ose ndërprerje. Kjo nënkupton që Kosova ka nevojë për energji alternative dhe për një sistem më fleksibël, i cili mund të hapë mundësi për energji të rinovueshme. Energjia diellore në Kosovë është akoma në një përqindje të ulët të perdorimit prej më pak se 1%. Energjia diellore po frenohet nga mungesa e përpilimit të ligjeve dhe mungesa e investimeve. Nga energjia diellore Kosova mund të ketë perfitime në rritjen ekonomike dhe përmirësim të shëndetit për popullatën e Kosovës. Kjo ç ështje eshtë në perputhshmëri me qëllimet të vendosura nga agjenda e OKB-së 2030, në veqanti pika 7 në të cilën thuhet: ‘ të sigurohet aksesi në energji të përballueshme, të besueshme, të qëndrueshme dhe moderne për të gjithë ’. Qëllimi ynë me këtë studim është të hulumtojmë mundësitë për një sistem optimal fotvoltaike (PV) në Universitetin e Prishtinës ‘Hasan Prishtina’. Gjithashtu qellimi me ketë studim është të hulumtojmë ndikimet e mundshme teknike, sociale dhe ekonomike në zbatimin e sistemeve PV në Kosovë për të arritur agjendën e OKB-së 2030, posaçërisht pika 7. Projekti përbëhet nga një pjesë sasiore ku janë bërë simulime me System Advisor Model (SAM) në mënyrë që të llogaritet gjenerimi i energjisë dhe përfitimi i instalimit të moduleve PV në Universitetin e Prishtinës me skema të ndryshme rregullative. Për më tepër, është bërë një studim cilësor duke përpiluar informacione mbi strukturat rregullative në Kosovë dhe vendet e tjera evropiane në mënyrë që të identifikohen pengesat dhe tendencat e ardhshme në zhvillimin e burimeve të ripërtëritshme (BRE). Rezultatet e këtijë studimi tregojnë se, për Universitetin e Prishtinës, është veprim fitimprurëse të instalohet një sistem PV. Përmes këtijë sistemi, treguesit financiarë si NPV, LCOE dhe payback rezultojnë në përfitime ekonomike ne të gjitha skemat e provuara rregullative. Në modelin e parë bazë me 200 kWp, i cili ndjek politikat (policy) aktuale me kufizime të kapaciteteve të lejuar prej 100 kWp për një pikë matëse, mbulohen 60% e faturave vjetore të energjisë elektrike. Ndërsa në dy modelet tjera shtesë, bëmë percaktime të skemave alternative. Një nga modelet ishte net-billing në të cilin ndryshuam normat e shitjes. Tjetri model ishte një sistem PV me kapacitet më të lartë prej 298.49 kWp duke përfshirë gjithë siperfaqën e kulmit. Sistemi prej 298.49 kWp dha prodhimin më të lartë të energjisë dhe mund të mbulojë 80% të faturave të energjisë elektrike. Rezultatët e skemës së net-billing treguan se përfitimi është i mundshëm gjithashtu, me norma të ulëta të shitjes së energjisë elektrike. Kjo skemë mund të zbatohet për instalime të vogla me PV në Kosovë. Vlerat e LCOE varion nga $6.98 ¢/kWh- 8.24 ¢/kWh dollar, në të gjitha modelet. Kjo tregon se kostoja është më e ulët se norma e blerjes së energjisë elektrike për Universitetin e Prishtinës. Rezultatet nga simulimet e të gjitha modeleve së bashku me studimin cilësor arrijnë në përfundim se kostoja dhe potenciali teknik për energjinë diellore është fitimprurëse dhe i realizueshëm. Ky studim tregon se përveç faktorëve socio-ekonomikë siç janë mundësitë e punësimit dhe beneficioneve shëndetësore, energjia diellore mund të jetë një alternativë konkurruese e energjisë në krahasim me format aktuale të gjenerimit të energjisë në Kosovë. Sidoqoftë, për shkak të politikave përkufizuese të BRE-ve dhe feed-in tariff ose FiT-ve, qe janë potencialisht të kushtueshme, një rekomandim për instalime të mëdha të PV-së është kalimi në skema tender, potencialisht me përdorimin të feed-in premium ose FiP-ve. Ne ketë skeme, politikbërësitë duhet të krejojnë mundesit për një treg të hapur, të barabartë dhe konkurrues. Energjia diellore do të jetë me kosto më të ulëta në të ardhmen dhe implementimi i saj duhet të inkurajohet nga palët e interesit dhe politikbërësitë në Kosovë.
8
Larsson, Jonas. "Undersökning av solcellspotentialen för golfverksamheter i Sverige". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Fasta tillståndets elektronik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-242998.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Photovoltaic Systems in Sweden has longbeen heavily dependent on subsidies and grants to bring in a profit for the investor. Production of excess electricity is a major reason for this as the compensation for excess electricity today is low. However, there are businesses that have an electricityneed that are particularly suitable for solar electricity. These businesses have an electricity demand when the sun shines the brightest and if the Photovoltaic System is properly scaled, the excess electricity can be minimized. A golf club is that kind of a business and this thesis aims to examinate the solar power potential for golf businesses in Sweden. Nine golf clubs was selected from different locations in Sweden. The load profiles from these golf clubs was simulated in the software HOMER against solar radiation data from each site. The system sizes that produces 5% excess electricity was calculated for each club. Finally the profitability for these systems was evaluated. The result shows that the golf clubs in Sweden can make profitable investments in PV systems without subsidies and grants. When the excess production is allowed to be 5% of the total production, solar electricity covers about 20 % of the yearly electricity need. For many of the clubs, the netpresent value is greater than the investment after 40 years. This means that the investment has more than doubled its value. Production price will be about 80 Swedish cents per kWh and the payback time is estimated to be 18 years.Sveriges energisystem står inför en förändring. Enligt dagens miljöpolitik ska förnybara energikällor som vindkraft, bioenergi och solenergi på sikt ersätta kärnkraft och fossila energikällor. Solel står idag för en nästan obefintlig del av den svenska elmixen vilket främst beror på att priserna på solcellssystem tidigare har varit för höga. Höga subventioner har varit nödvändiga för att en investering inte ska innebära en förlust. Idag har systempriserna sjunkit till en nivå där en ekonomisk vinst är möjlig även utan subventioner. En förutsättning för en ekonomisk vinst är att solcellerna integreras på rätt sätt i verksamheten. För att en investering i ett solcellssystem ska vara ekonomiskt lönsam utan subventioner krävs det att producenten själv konsumerar den producerade elen. Det beror på att ersättningen för överproducerad el, så kallad överskottsel, i dagsläget inte motsvarar lönsamheten som uppstår då elen konsumeras av verksamheten själv. För att kunna få en låg andel överskottsel i produktionen krävs det att verksamheten i fråga har ett elbehov vid den tid då solcellerna producerar el, alltså då solen skiner som starkast. Examensarbetet är inriktat mot att studera verksamheter som, till skillnad från en normal villa, har ett elbehov under dagtid och under sommarhalvåret. En golfverksamhet har ett sådant elbehov och dessutom finns det stora markytor och flera byggnader i verksamheten, vilket är ett stort plus vid installation av solceller. Det fördelaktiga elbehovet medför att relativt stora solcellsanläggningar kan integreras i golfverksamheterna utan att det produceras för mycket överskottsel. För att bestämma golfverksamheters lämplighet för solelsproduktion i Sverige har 9 golfklubbars elbehov analyserats mot solinstrålningsdata från respektive plats. De nio klubbarna är valda från olika delar av landet för att påvisa skillnader i produktion och lönsamhet beroende på lokalisation. För varje golfklubb framtogs systemstorlekar som producerar omkring 5 % respektive 10 % överskottsel per år. I rapporten presenteras huvudsakligen resultaten för systemstorlekar med 5 % överskottsel eftersom en sådan mängd anses vara försumbar. Ekonomin för de framtagna systemen analyserades och presenteras i form av nettonuvärde vid livslängdens slut, produktionspris samt återbetalningstid. Resultaten från undersökningen visar att golfverksamheter i Sverige kan göra lönsamma investeringar i solcellssystem även utan subventioner eller bidrag. För många klubbar är nettonuvärdet större än investeringen efter 40 år, vilket innebär att investeringen har mer än dubblerat sitt värde. Produktionspriset hamnar på runt 80 öre per kWh och återbetalningstiden blir omkring 18 år. Med investeringsstöd är nettonuvärdet större än investeringen redan efter 25 år. Produktionspriset blir runt 60 öre per kWh och återbetalningstiden sjunker till omkring 10 år. Att göra en investering i solceller innebär inte bara en ekonomisk lönsamhet för investeraren. En investering medför också positiva fördelar för miljön då solceller producerar förnybar el. Stora delar av världen arbetar idag aktivt för att få in mer förnybar el i energisystemet. Sverige har som mål att 50 % av energianvändningen i Sverige ska försörjas av förnybara energikällor år 2020. Idag är drygt 40 % av energiförsörjningen förnybar, vilket innebär att det återstår en del arbete tills målet är uppfyllt. Om golfklubbar i Sverige utnyttjar sitt fördelaktiga elbehov och investerar i solceller kan de bidra till att målet uppnås samtidigt som de gör en god ekonomisk affär. Därför rekommenderas det att Sveriges golfklubbar ser över sina möjligheter att integrera solcellsystem i sina verksamheter.
9
Shirolikar, Jyoti. "PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CIGSS SOLAR CELLS AND PV MODULE DATA ANALYSIS". Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2005. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4223.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
In this thesis, multiple activities have been carried out in order to improve the process of CIGSS solar cell fabrication on a 4" x 4" substrate. The process of CIGSS solar cell fabrication at FSEC's PV Materials Lab involves a series of steps that were all carried out manually in the past. A LABVIEW program has been written to carry out automated sputter deposition of Mo back contact, CuGa, In metallic precursors on a soda lime glass substrate using a stepper motor control for better uniformity. Further, selenization/ sulfurization of these precursors was carried out using rapid thermal processing (RTP). CIGS films were sulfurized using chemical bath deposition (CBD). ZnO:Al was deposited on the CIGSS films using RF sputtering. A separate LABVIEW program was written to automate the process of ZnO:Al deposition. Ni/Al contact fingers were deposited on the ZnO:Al layer using the e-beam evaporation technique. Further, in order to test these solar cells in-house, a simple current-voltage (IV) tracer was fabricated using LABVIEW. A quantum efficiency (QE) measurement setup was built with guidance from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). Lastly, analysis of data from photovoltaic (PV) modules installed on the FSEC test site has been carried out using a LABVIEW program in order to find out their rate of degradation as time progresses. A 'C' program has also been written as an aid for keeping a daily log of errors in data and for troubleshooting of the same.M.S.E.E.
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Electrical Engineering
10
RANAWEERA, CHAMINDA. "Electric Power System of an Emergency Energy Module". Thesis, KTH, Kraft- och värmeteknologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-109304.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract This thesis study is on designing and analysing the “Electric Power System of an Emergency Energy Module”. KTH is running a project to create a mobile system for power supply in refugee camps and during the recovery of natural disasters. This is an independent power system comprising solar, wind and biomass based power generations and control. The design and analysis of electric power system is mainly focused on increasing the renewable energy efficiency of the system while saving excess power on the battery bank and controlling the battery discharging. The analysis of the designed electric power system is done with using actual site data of solar irradiation and wind for one week period. Further, it has been developed a program based on MS Excel for analysing the module performances at any site in the world. Keywords: Emergency Energy Module; Integration of wind and solar PVEmergency Energy Module Project
Książki na temat "SOLAR PV MODULES"
1
Kurtz, S. R. Ensuring quality of PV modules: Preprint. Golden, CO]: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 2011.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródła
2
Emery, K. Monitoring system performance: Venue: PV Module Reliability Workshop. Golden, Colo.]: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 2011.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródła
3
S, Ullal Harin, IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (33rd : 2008 : San Diego, Calif.) i National Renewable Energy Laboratory (U.S.), red. The role of polycrystalline thin-film PV technologies in competitive PV module markets: Preprint. Golden, Colo: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 2008.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródła
4
Smith, Ryan M. Outdoor PV module degradation of current-voltage parameters: Preprint. Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 2012.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródła
5
Young, William. Evaluation of roof-integrated PV module designs and systems: Final report. Golden, Colo: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1992.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródła
6
Agro, S. C. Development of new low-cost, high-performance, PV module encapsulant/packaging materials: Annual technical report, phase 1, 22 October 2002-30 September 2003. Golden, Colo: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 2004.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródła
7
Agro, S. C. Development of new low-cost, high-performance, PV module encapsulant/packaging materials: Annual technical report, phase 1, 22 October 2002-30 September 2003. Golden, Colo: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 2004.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródła
8
Agro, S. C. Development of new low-cost, high-performance, PV module encapsulant/packaging materials: Annual technical report, phase 1, 22 October 2002-30 September 2003. Golden, Colo: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 2004.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródła
9
Agro, S. C. Development of new low-cost, high-performance, PV module encapsulant/packaging materials: Annual technical report, phase 1, 22 October 2002-30 September 2003. Golden, Colo: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 2004.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródła
10
Agro, S. C. Development of new low-cost, high-performance, PV module encapsulant/packaging materials: Annual technical report, phase 1, 22 October 2002-30 September 2003. Golden, Colo: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 2004.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "SOLAR PV MODULES"
1
Muntwyler, Urs. "Solar PV Systems". W Solar Cells and Modules, 307–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46487-5_12.
Pełny tekst źródła
2
Kempe, Michael. "Encapsulant Materials for PV Modules". W Photovoltaic Solar Energy, 478–90. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118927496.ch43.
Pełny tekst źródła
3
Kurtz, Sarah. "Reliability and Durability of PV Modules". W Photovoltaic Solar Energy, 491–501. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118927496.ch44.
Pełny tekst źródła
4
Tiwari, Gopal Nath, i Neha Gupta. "Solar Cell Materials, PV Modules and Arrays". W Photovoltaic Thermal Passive House System, 139–60. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429445903-5.
Pełny tekst źródła
5
Jose, Kiran, S. Sheik Mohammed i O. Mohammed Mansoor. "Performance Study of Solar PV System with Bifacial PV Modules". W Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 659–70. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4971-5_48.
Pełny tekst źródła
6
Libra, Martin, i Vladislav Poulek. "Bifacial PV Modules in Solar Trackers and Concentrators". W Physical Methods in Agriculture, 83–104. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0085-8_6.
Pełny tekst źródła
7
Chenlo, F., P. Román i L. Delgado. "Qualification Activities For PV-Cells And Modules in Spain". W Seventh E.C. Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 344–48. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3817-5_63.
Pełny tekst źródła
8
Chandrasekar, Murugesan, Tamilkolundu Senthilkumar i Poornanandan Gopal. "Cooling Approaches for Solar PV Panels". W The Effects of Dust and Heat on Photovoltaic Modules: Impacts and Solutions, 213–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84635-0_8.
Pełny tekst źródła
9
Redi, Paolo. "Considerations about the Design of PV Modules for Central Power Plants". W Tenth E.C. Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 959–62. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3622-8_245.
Pełny tekst źródła
10
Pachauri, Rupendra, Himanshu Rai Anand, Anurag Koushal, Anurag Singh, Yogesh K. Chauhan i S. Choudhury. "Performance Analysis of Automatic Cleaning System for Solar PV Modules". W Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 963–72. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5903-2_101.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenia konferencji na temat "SOLAR PV MODULES"
1
Doi, Takuya, Izumi Tsuda, Koichi Sakuta i Goichi Matsui. "Fabrication and Characteristics of Recyclable PV Modules". W ASME 2003 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2003-44223.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Since the life of crystalline silicon PV modules is mainly determined by that of the encapsulations and not of the cells, it is possible to reuse the cells, except when the cells are physically damaged. By reusing the cells, we can save the significant amount of energy consumed in the manufacture of PV cells, and reduce the total cost of PV modules as a consequence. PV cells are resources, and they should be recycled. However, it has not been easy to remove cells from modules without damaging them because of the very strong adhesiveness of EVA, the most common encapsulant resin. We propose a new PV module with a double encapsulation module (DEM) structure, in which both surfaces of the PV cells are wrapped with non-adhesive transparent films. Here, the concept of DEM is explained and detailed results from the fabrication of single-cell modules are presented. The results of PV cell recovery experiments and weather resistance tests are also shown.
2
Dhere, Neelkanth G. "Flexible packaging for PV modules". W Solar Energy + Applications, redaktor Neelkanth G. Dhere. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.795718.
Pełny tekst źródła
3
Weixlberger, Johann, i Richard Bruckner. "PV modules with optimized energy balance". W SPIE Solar Energy + Technology, redaktorzy Neelkanth G. Dhere, John H. Wohlgemuth i Kevin W. Lynn. SPIE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.892325.
Pełny tekst źródła
4
Koehl, Michael, Markus Heck, Daniel Philipp, Karl-Anders Weiss, Claudio Ferrara i Werner Herrmann. "Indoor and outdoor weathering of PV-modules". W Solar Energy + Applications, redaktor Neelkanth G. Dhere. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.794569.
Pełny tekst źródła
5
Furushima, Kaoru, i Yutaka Nawata. "Performance Evaluation of Photovoltaic Power-Generation System Equipped With a Cooling Device Utilizing Siphonage". W ASME 2004 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2004-65061.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Recently, the photovoltaic (PV) power generation system has attracted attention as one of clean energies. Especially, residential roofing PV system connected with power grids has been popularized as a result of increasing concerns over global warming and continuing decline in PV manufacturing costs. The power generated by the PV module increases with irradiance, but it decreases as PV module temperature becomes high. The PV temperature depends on ambient temperature, and becomes more than 60°C in summer. Therefore, the power generated does not necessarily increase even if the irradiance increases in summer. However, if the PV modules were cooled under such a high PV temperature condition, more electrical power would be obtained from PV modules. In this study, a PV power generating system equipped with a cooling device has been developed. The major components of the system are an array of PV modules and cooling panels attached to the backside of the PV modules. The respective PV module is cooled with cooling water flowing through a narrow gap in each cooling panel. Hot water discharged from the cooling panel is delivered to a storage tank and can be reused in anywhere. In order to save energy for introducing cooling water into the panel, a siphonage from an upper level of a building to the ground level is utilized. A siphon tube is connected to a discharge port of the cooling panel, thus the pressure at the discharge port becomes negative. Cooling water enters into the bottom end of the cooling panel at atmospheric pressure and goes up to the top, discharge side. By adopting this cooling water system, we could spread the cooling water evenly over the entire backside of the PV module and thus realized an effective cooling device. In addition, we could make the cooling device light and smaller because no auxiliary pumping system is needed for introducing cooling water. To provide field performance data for the present PV power generation system equipped with the special cooling device mentioned above, long-term monitoring tests in a natural environment were conducted in summer for a test facility constructed at the Yatsushiro National College of Technology (YNCT), Japan. As a result, it was confirmed that the cooling of the PV modules increases the electric power and that the reuse of hot water from the cooling panel contributes very much for saving energy consumed for heating water.
6
Atmaram, Gobind H. "Uncertainty Estimates of Photovoltaic Module Performance Measurements". W ASME 2003 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2003-44224.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Commercially available photovoltaic (PV) modules and systems often fall short of meeting the performance ratings specified by the module manufacturers or system designers [1]. This has resulted in reduced performance and low system availability, some system failures, and generally, a lack of confidence by systems users. Hence, a need for an independent accredited laboratory to conduct the testing and certification of PV modules and systems has been indicated by the PV industry, electric utilities, and other system users and owners. To meet this industry and user need, the Florida Solar Energy Center (FSEC) has started a PV testing and certification program. The FSEC PV testing laboratory and certification program have been accredited by the American Association for Laboratory Accreditation (A2LA) and approved by the PowerMark Corporation (PMC, www.powermark.org ), which is the certification body of the PV industry in the United States. The FSEC program currently covers three areas: (i) PV module power rating certification, (ii) Stand-Alone PV system performance evaluation and certification, and (iii) Grid-Connected PV system design review and approval. The PV module power rating certification is central to these three areas of the FSEC program, as illustrated in Figure 1. The details of the FSEC PV testing laboratory accreditation and certification program are described in a previous paper [2].
7
Wohlgemuth, John, i Sarah Kurtz. "International PV QA Task Force's proposed comparative rating system for PV modules". W SPIE Solar Energy + Technology, redaktorzy Neelkanth G. Dhere, John H. Wohlgemuth i Rebecca Jones-Albertus. SPIE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2067927.
Pełny tekst źródła
8
Weixlberger, Johann, Richard Bruckner i Mr Richard Bruckner. "PV-Modules with Optimized Energy Balance – A Sophisticated Approach of Module Encapsulation". W ISES Solar World Congress 2011. Freiburg, Germany: International Solar Energy Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18086/swc.2011.14.17.
Pełny tekst źródła
9
Jaus, Joachim, Matthias Duell, Johannes Eckert, Frederick O. Adurodija, Biao Li, Rafal A. Mickiewicz i Dan M. Doble. "Approaches to improving energy yield from PV modules". W SPIE Solar Energy + Technology, redaktorzy Neelkanth G. Dhere, John H. Wohlgemuth i Kevin Lynn. SPIE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.863081.
Pełny tekst źródła
10
John, J., V. Rajasekar, S. Boppana, S. Tatapudi i G. Tamizhmani. "Angle of incidence effects on soiled PV modules". W SPIE Solar Energy + Technology, redaktorzy Neelkanth G. Dhere, John H. Wohlgemuth i Rebecca Jones-Albertus. SPIE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2063351.
Pełny tekst źródłaRaporty organizacyjne na temat "SOLAR PV MODULES"
1
Schmid, Cordula, Christian Honeker i Christian Hoepfner. Adhesive Mounting of Conventional PV Modules for Residential Solar. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), lipiec 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1821688.
Pełny tekst źródła
2
Heeter, Jenny, i Chandra Shah. City and County Solar PV Training Program, Module 5: Deciding on a Financing Approach and Beginning PV Procurement. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), sierpień 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1465104.
Pełny tekst źródła
3
McLaren, Joyce A. City and County Solar PV Training Program, Module 1: Goal Setting and Clarification. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), luty 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1421600.
Pełny tekst źródła
4
Bibeault, Mark Leonide. Combined Modular Pumped Hydro Energy Storage Plus Solar PV Proposal for Rio Rancho High School, New Mexico. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), sierpień 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1212627.
Pełny tekst źródła
5
Wohlgemuth, J., i M. Narayanan. Large-Scale PV Module Manufacturing Using Ultra-Thin Polycrystalline Silicon Solar Cells: Annual Subcontract Report, 1 October 2003--30 September 2004. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), marzec 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15011485.
Pełny tekst źródła
6
Wohlgemuth, J., i M. Narayanan. Large-Scale PV Module Manufacturing Using Ultra-Thin Polycrystalline Silicon Solar Cells: Final Subcontract Report, 1 April 2002--28 February 2006. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), lipiec 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/888679.
Pełny tekst źródła
7
Wohlgemuth, J., i S. P. Shea. Large-Scale PV Module Manufacturing Using Ultra-Thin Polycrystalline Silicon Solar Cells: Annual Subcontract Report, 1 April 2002--30 September 2003 (Revised). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), kwiecień 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15007017.
Pełny tekst źródła