Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Solar Mirrors

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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Solar Mirrors”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 6 września 2023

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Solar Mirrors"

Liu, Xueqing, Song Yue, Luyi Lu i Jianlan Li. "Study on Dust Deposition Mechanics on Solar Mirrors in a Solar Power Plant". Energies 12, nr 23 (29.11.2019): 4550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12234550.

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Solar energy is considered to be one of most promising renewable energy sources because of its availability and cleanliness. The phenomenon of dust deposition on solar mirrors greatly reduces the power generation of solar power plants. In this work, the motion behaviors and deposition mechanics of dust particles are analyzed by the discrete element method (DEM). The effects of environmental and solar mirror conditions and particle self-factors on dust deposition weight are systematically studied here. The research results show that dust particles, after particle collision, immediately adhere to the mirror or rebound and finally flow away from the mirror, or they otherwise may remain stationary after making some relative motion. Alternatively, they may glide for some distance and finally come to rest on the mirror or leave from the system. Different motion behaviors after particle collision depend on different leading forces. Here, the leading forces are the liquid bridge force (Fc) and the contact force (Fb). When the leading forces are Fc, or Fc, and Fb, the dust particles will be deposited on the solar mirror. Besides, the force Fc cannot be negligible when studying the motion processes of dust particles. The dust deposition weight on solar mirrors can be controlled by altering the environmental and solar mirror conditions, and particle self-factors. In essence, dust deposition weight on solar mirrors decreases when decreasing the leading force Fc or increasing the leading force Fb. The research results give theoretical guidance for the prevention and removal of dust deposition on solar mirrors.

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Mardwianta, Benedictus, Abdul Haris Subarjo i Rivaldi Dwi Cahyadi. "Studi Ekperimental Penambahan Reflektor Datar Pada Kompor Tenaga Surya Tipe Parabolic". JURNAL SURYA ENERGY 6, nr 1 (11.04.2022): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32502/jse.v6i1.3753.

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Community needs to meet electrical energy are increasing. This increasing need has not been matched by the supply of energy. Currently, the main supply of energy comes from non-renewable fossils. To maintain energy reselliance, it is necessary to find alternative energy sources, one of which comes from solar energy. In this research, a parabolic solar cooker was made using autodesk and then tested the prototype solar cooker without additional mirrors, one additional mirror, and two mirrors. At the end of the study an analysis was carried out. The energy efficiency results obtained on a parabolic type solar stove without the addition of a flat mirror is 3.19% with an average stove power of 22.33 watts. The energy efficiency obtained on a parabolic type solar stove with the addition of two flat mirrors is 4.87% with an average stove power of 26.01 watts.

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Diver, Richard B., i Timothy A. Moss. "Practical Field Alignment of Parabolic Trough Solar Concentrators". Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 129, nr 2 (5.06.2006): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2710496.

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In this paper a new technique for parabolic trough mirror alignment based on the use of an innovative theoretical overlay photographic (TOP) approach is described. The technique is a variation on methods used to align mirrors on parabolic dish systems. It involves overlaying theoretical images of the heat collection element (HCE) in the mirrors onto carefully surveyed photographic images and adjustment of mirror alignment until they match. From basic geometric principles, for any given viewer location the theoretical shape and location of the reflected HCE image in the aligned mirrors can be predicted. The TOP approach promises to be practical and straightforward, and inherently aligns the mirrors to the HCE. Alignment of an LS-2 mirror module on the rotating platform at the National Solar Thermal Test Facility (NSTTF) with the TOP technique along with how it might be implemented in a large solar field is described. Comparison of the TOP alignment to the distant observer approach on the NSTTF LS-2 is presented and the governing equations used to draw the theoretical overlays are developed. Alignment uncertainty associated with this technique is predicted to be less than the mirror slope error.

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Groulx, Dominic, i Benjamin Sponagle. "RAY-TRACING ANALYSIS OF A TWO-STAGE SOLAR CONCENTRATOR". Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 34, nr 2 (czerwiec 2010): 263–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-2010-0016.

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A ray-tracing analysis was conducted on a 2-stage solar concentrator made of two parabolic mirrors created by Lunenburg Industrial Foundry & Engineering (LIFE). The effects of the secondary mirror’s focal length, the distance between the secondary mirror and the target, and the misalignment with the sun were studied. The focal length of the secondary mirror determines the maximum local solar energy flux Φ that can be achieve on the target. For the optimal focal length of 157.9ʺ, a maximum Φ = 1.2 x 104 MW/m2 was achieve compare to Φ = 1680 MW/m2 for the initial LIFE’s focal length of 158.8125ʺ. The concentrator concentrates all the incident energy from the sun on the target, and that independently of the secondary mirror’s focal length (within the range studied), as long as the target position is within an 11 cm zone. Small misalignments in the order of ±0.2° would bring the concentration efficiency to zero.

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Cano-Nogueras, Javier, Javier Muñoz-Antón i José M. Martinez-Val. "A New Thermal-Solar Field Configuration: The Rotatory Fresnel Collector or Sundial". Energies 14, nr 14 (8.07.2021): 4139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14144139.

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A new type of Fresnel array has been devised and constructed as an answer to the need to reduce the investment costs of solar thermal collectors, without jeopardizing their efficiency in capturing solar radiation at high temperatures. The array of mirror bands is fixed onto a horizontal platform, which rotates around a virtual vertical axis, so that the sun is in the extrapolated vertical plane of symmetry of the array. The receptor central line is also placed in said plane, and it is physically made of at least one tube at each side of the plane. The geometrical relation between the mirrors and the receptor is therefore fixed. The platform rotates with the same speed as that of the sunlight’s azimuthal component. On the contrary, the angle of incidence of the sunlight on the mirrors changes as the sun rises and declines in its daily apparent motion, but this effect does not disturb the radiation concentration kinematics, although it induces a shift along the receptor. This is a new configuration based on the use of simple and cheap flat mirrors to obtain circular cylindrical mirrors. These mirrors are made of originally flat mirrors that are bent by applying an inexpensive and simple bending technique patented by our research group. The radius of curvature of each mirror is tuned to the distance from the mirror to the receiver central line. The integration of different scientific domains (such as structural analysis) and elementary technologies (such as 3D printing) in this innovative solar radiation concentrator and receiver can lead to a large reduction in costs. Nevertheless, the first experimental campaign has shown additional problems in the receiver configuration, which should be addressed in a next stage of research. This paper explains the methodology used and procedures in the development of the first prototype of the Sundial.

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Alpert, D. J., i R. M. Houser. "Evaluation of the Optical Perfomance of a Prototype Stretched-Membrane Mirror Module for Solar Central Receivers". Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 111, nr 1 (1.02.1989): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3268285.

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The United States Department of Energy’s solar thermal program is testing an innovative concept for the heliostats used in a solar central-receiver power plant: replacing the familiar glass mirrors with stretched-membrance reflectors. Because of their simplicity and lighter weight, heliostats using membrane reflectors have the potential to cost significantly less than glass-mirror heliostats. To assess the optical performance of these new heliostats, a 50m2 prototype mirror module, representative of a commercial scale design, was built and installed for testing at the Central Receiver Test Facility. The results of the testing program are presented, including the optical performance of the stretched-membrane mirror, the performance of the mirror’s focus control system in windy conditions, the performance of the defocus system, and the durability of the reflective film.

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Rinco´n, Eduardo A., i Fidel A. Osorio. "A New Troughlike Nonimaging Solar Concentrator". Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 124, nr 1 (1.06.2001): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1435650.

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A new two-dimensional concentrator for solar energy collection has been developed. The concentrator has the following advantages, when compared with the classic Compound Parabolic Concentrators invented by Roland Winston, W. T. Welford, A. Rabl, Baranov, and other researchers: 1) It allows the use of parabolic mirrors, which have a reflecting area much smaller for a given concentration ratio and acceptance angle. 2) Between the mirror and the absorber, there is a large gap so that conduction losses are reduced. Convection losses can be reduced, too, if the absorber is enclosed within a glass tube. 3) It can be easily manufactured. Instead of seeking the shape of the mirrors for a given shape of the absorber, we have made the inverse statement of the problem, and we have obtained the optimal shapes of the absorbers with a prescribed acceptance angle, for parabolic mirrors, assuming that the intercept factor is unity, the mirrors are perfect, and the absorber surfaces are convex. The concentrator should be east-west oriented, and could be seasonal or monthly tilt adjusted. This concentrator could have many practical applications, such as fluid heating, steam generation, etc.

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Cheng, Ying, Feng Zhou Fang, Xiao Dong Zhang i Xiao Tang Hu. "Design and Fabrication of Composite Solar Concentrator". Key Engineering Materials 447-448 (wrzesień 2010): 366–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.447-448.366.

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The solar concentrator is the primary means of solving the contradiction between cost and photoelectric conversion efficiency. The design and fabrication of concentrator are the key techniques to accelerate the application of photovoltaic systems. A novel type of composite concentrator is designed, including two mirrors and one planar lens. The primary mirror focuses the sunlight on the secondary condenser, which is one multi-segmented cone mirror to produce homogenization on the solar cell. The selection strategy of structure parameters is analyzed by the numerical calculation methods. The concentration ratio and homogenization on the receiving surface are also obtained using the optical simulation method. The designed mirrors are fabricated by the ultra-precision turning method, and then assembled according to the location parameters designed. The proposed methods are proved to be satisfied with the solar application efficiently by the experiments.

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Kisara, Katsuto, Kazuyuki Suzuki, Toichiro Ishikawa, Kazuhisa Fujita i Hiroshi Masumoto. "Prototype Design and Evaluation of Lightweight Mirror and Wavelength Selective Filter for Space Solar Power Systems". Materials Science Forum 631-632 (październik 2009): 519–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.631-632.519.

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The large scale SSPS (Space Solar Power System) needs large reflection mirrors for sunlight concentration. To use film mirror in space, the mirror must have lightweight structures and resistive to harsh space environment. The wavelength selective filter to avoid heat is a dielectric multilayer film which has FGM structure. In this article, we will report the development of a lightweight wavelength selective mirror and wavelength selection on the solar light excitation laser.

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Gomaa, Mohamed, Ramadan Mustafa, Hegazy Rezk, Mujahed Al-Dhaifallah i A. Al-Salaymeh. "Sizing Methodology of a Multi-Mirror Solar Concentrated Hybrid PV/Thermal System". Energies 11, nr 12 (23.11.2018): 3276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11123276.

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The use of a concentrated photovoltaic (CPV) system significantly reduces the required solar cell area that often accounts for the major cost of a PV solar system. A comprehensive performance analysis of a multi-mirror solar concentrated hybrid PV thermal (CPVT) system was conducted. Among different concentrating systems, Linear Fresnel Reflector (LFR) systems are more effective due to their simplicity of operation and low fabrication cost. A mathematical model and the simulation of a CPVT system employing a linear configuration and horizontal absorber is developed here in order to evaluate its performance parameters, using a FORTRAN programing technique. The concentrator system consists of, different width of flat glass mirrors placed under various inclination angles, focusing sunlight on to the PV solar cells mounted along the active cooling system. The effect of focus distance on concentration ratio, collector width, and heat gained by the coolant fluid are investigated. All parameters of the linear Fresnel reflector solar concentrator system are determined and the effect of cooling mass flow rate and cooling inlet temperature upon the system performance is evaluated. With regards to simulation results obtained via the focus distances, the width of mirrors decreased by increasing the number of mirrors, and in turn by increasing the focus distances, this resulted in an increase in CR values. For the specific number of mirrors, concentration ratio increased simultaneously increasing the focus distance; furthermore, increasing the number of mirrors resulted in a reduction in both the width of the mirrors and their inclination angles, and an increase in CR values. The results further confirmed that the total (combined electrical-thermal) efficiency is higher than that of the individual electrical as well as thermal efficiency; reaching approximately 80% and showed no sensitivity to the rises in cooling water temperature for temperature cases under consideration.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Solar Mirrors"

Gomez, Teresa M. "Binary actuation of solar mirrors". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68528.

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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2011.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 42).
This thesis explores the use of binary actuators to adjust the shape of an array of mirrors. To explore this concept, an experimental system was refurbished and recalibrated. This experimental system was used to explore the range of possible configurations that could be reached by a simple binary actuated system. System models are required for accurate control of these binary actuated structures. This thesis develops and tests the accuracy of two different modeling approaches, linear and iterative. The linear model assumes that each actuator contributes a constant value to the angle of the center mirror, and that this value is not dependent on the other actuator positions. The actuator contributions are summed to find the angle of the center mirror. These contributions are found two ways: by taking a relevant single data point for each actuator, and by using a least squares fitting of a large subset of data. The iterative model assumes that each actuator adds some constant value, similar to the previous model, and that it also adds some portion of the current angle. A multiplication and shift are therefore found for each actuator, and these multiplications and shifts successively applied, starting with the initial angles, to find the final angular position. While the linear model with measured values for the actuator contributions predicted the data poorly, the linear model with the least squares fitted values performed much better. The iterative model initially produced large errors, but these errors were found to be readily correctable and once removed, the iterative model predicted the data better than the linear model.
by Teresa M. Gomez.
S.B.

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Contino, Alessandro Patrizio. "Solar mirrors characterization for concentrating solar power technology". Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/993.

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The increasing availability on the market of different types of solar reflectors such as: polymeric film mirrors, aluminum mirrors and thin glass mirrors, together with: the lack of available norms in this area, and a valid methodology to compare the performances of the candidate reflectors; highlights the necessity to conduct a more detailed analysis on these new technologies. The objective of the present work is to suggest a valuable method to compare the reflectance performance of mirrors, evaluating also their performances in order to assess: - the most durable to ageing and weathering effects; - the different reflectance behavior with the variation of the solar incident angle. .For these reasons the work here proposed was carried out with an experimental apparatus composed by: - An Agilent Cary 5000 UV/Vis/NIR spectrophotometer to test the different performance of the mirrors at different characterization steps; - An integrating sphere of 150 mm in diameter (DRA ¡V Diffuse Reflectance Accessory); - A VASRA (Variable Angle Specular Reflection Accessory); - A UV chamber to accelerate the ageing process; - A £gScan SMS Scatterometer for RMS Roughness and BDSF measurement; - An outdoor bench The work was completed with two modeling tools: - An engineering equation solver (Mathcad) to dynamically evaluate the behavior; - A ray tracing software (Soltrace) to evaluate the system¡¦s optical efficiency. The analysis indicates that the candidate reflectors can be accurately characterized with five fundamental parameters: a) £lSWH, the solar-weighted hemispherical reflectance; b) £lSWS, the solar-weighted specular reflectance; c) £lSWS( á), the solar weighted specular reflectance function of the variable angle of incidence; d) BDSF, Bi Directional Scattering Function; e) RMS Roughness This evaluation will provide a valuable tool, for the companies who want to invest in concentrating solar power technology, to decide whether or not using a candidate reflectors to realize new plants, assessing their performances, their costs, and their durability.

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Forhan, Elizabeth Michelle. "Production of Paraboloidal Silver-Coated Mirrors from Float Glass for Solar Application". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/320099.

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Islam, Md Safatul. "Production of Paraboloidal Silver-Coated Mirrors from Float Glass for Solar Application". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/320141.

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Messina, Cassandra Aileen. "Production of Paraboloidal Silver-Coated Mirrors from Float Glass for Solar Application". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/321897.

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Zavada, Thomas Joseph. "Production of Paraboloidal Silver-Coated Mirrors from Float Glass for Solar Application". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/322098.

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Lampkowski, Marcelo [UNESP]. "Dispositivo automatizado para a limpeza da superfície refletora de heliostato em sistemas de energia solar concentrada – CSP". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151055.

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Submitted by MARCELO LAMPKOWSKI null (marcelo-l@uol.com.br) on 2017-07-06T18:01:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MarceloLampkowski Tese Final revisada.pdf: 6540212 bytes, checksum: bbd4ca237af5c08ca2fd14eed4fdef30 (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by LUIZA DE MENEZES ROMANETTO (luizamenezes@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2017-07-06T18:56:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 lampkowski_m_dr_bot.pdf: 6540212 bytes, checksum: bbd4ca237af5c08ca2fd14eed4fdef30 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-06T18:56:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 lampkowski_m_dr_bot.pdf: 6540212 bytes, checksum: bbd4ca237af5c08ca2fd14eed4fdef30 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-19
A possibilidade de redução na oferta de combustíveis convencionais aliada ao crescimento da demanda por energia e a crescente preocupação com o meio ambiente impulsionam a pesquisa e desenvolvimento de fontes alternativas de energia menos poluentes, renováveis e que produzam menor impacto ambiental. Dentre estas alternativas, destaca-se a energia solar, fonte disponível e passível de ser explorada a partir de todas as suas potencialidades. Atualmente, uma das vias tecnológicas de aproveitamento da fonte solar para geração de energia é a heliotermia, também conhecida como energia solar concentrada ou Concentrated Solar Power (CSP), baseada na utilização de superfícies espelhadas que refletem e concentram a radiação solar direta com o objetivo de convertê-la em energia térmica, a partir da qual se gera vapor d’água que irá acionar um ciclo termodinâmico reversível que converte calor em trabalho, conhecido como Rankine. O soiling consiste no depósito de diferentes tipos de sujeiras em uma superfície exposta em um dado ambiente. No caso de usinas CSP de torre central, o acúmulo gradativo de poeira, sujeira ou até mesmo de excremento de pássaros nas superfícies refletoras dos heliostatos causa uma redução significativa na quantidade de radiação solar que atinge o receptor posicionado no alto da torre e diminuição da eficiência de todo o sistema. Assim, faz-se necessário manter um alto fator de refletividade nas superfícies espelhadas dos heliostatos por meio de uma limpeza regular. Este trabalho apresenta a proposta de um mecanismo automatizado para efetuar a limpeza de superfícies refletoras de heliostatos. O desenvolvimento deste dispositivo, desde sua concepção, passando pelas fases de construção, instalação e funcionamento, respeita padrões de eficiência da limpeza, visa o baixo custo de produção, facilidade de instalação e minimização dos impactos ambientais pertinentes, como, por exemplo, baixo consumo de água na operação. Por meio de experimentos realizados em situações reais de aplicação, utilizando para tal um heliostato de 8 m2 localizado no Departamento de Engenharia Rural da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas da UNESP, campus de Botucatu, constatou-se que o dispositivo proposto é uma opção operacionalmente e economicamente viável de solução ao soiling quando aplicado na região de Botucatu, principalmente se comparado a outras propostas de métodos de limpeza de heliostatos apresentadas nos cenários internacional e nacional. Além disso, por meio de estudos sobre os impactos ambientais de usinas heliotérmicas, foi possível sugerir melhorias no processo de licenciamento ambiental de usinas CSP no Brasil.
The possibility of reduction in the supply of conventional fuels, the continuous growing demand for energy and the current concern with the environmental scenario influence the development of researches regarding alternative, renewable and less polluting energy sources, which produces less environmental impact. Among these alternatives, it is worth mentioning the solar energy, available source and that can be explored from all its potentialities. Nowadays, one of many the technological process that uses solar energy for electricity generation is the solar thermal one, also known as Concentrated Solar Power (CSP), based on the use of mirrored surfaces that reflect and concentrate the direct sunlight in order to convert it into thermal energy, from which it generates water vapor that will initiate a reversible thermodynamic cycle which converts heat into energy (Rankine cicle). The phenomenon known as soiling consists in the depositing of different types of dirt on a surface exposed in a given environment. In the case of power tower CSP plants, the gradual accumulation of dust, dirt or even bird's excrements on the reflective surfaces of heliostats causes a significant reduction in the amount of solar radiation that reaches the receiver located at the top of the tower and decreases the efficiency of the entire system. Thus, it is necessary to maintain a high reflectivity factor in the mirrored surfaces of the heliostats through a regular cleaning. This work presents a proposal of an automated mechanism to clean up the reflective surfaces of heliostats. The development of this device, from its conception, through the stages of construction, installation and operation, regarding the cleaning efficiency standards, aimed at low production cost, ease of installation and minimizing the relevant environmental impacts, such as, low consumption of water during its operation. Through experiments in real situations, using a 8 m2 heliostat located in the Department of Rural Engineering of UNESP's Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, Botucatu campus, it was verified that the proposed device is an operationally and economically option for the solution to soiling when applied at Botucatu's region, especially if compared to other proposed methods of heliostats cleaning presented in the international and national scenarios. In addition, through studies on the environmental impacts of heliothermic plants, it was possible to suggest improvements in the environmental licensing process of CSP plants in Brazil.

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Nardello, Marco. "Optical subsystems of metis (multi element telescope for imaging and spectroscopy) on board of the solar orbiter mission". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3426761.

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The Lyman- spectral line, at 121.6 nm, is a wavelength of great interest for solar environment exploration and astrophysics. It is an important hydrogen emission line and can give information on the dynamics of heated regions of space like the solar photosphere and corona. Among others, the instrument METIS (Multi Element Telescope for Imaging and Spectroscopy) will be on board the mission Solar Orbiter, an ESA mission in collaboration with NASA, that from the year 2018 will undertake a trip towards the Sun to explore the dynamics of the solar dynamo and its connection with corona and heliosphere. METIS will take images of the corona in the visible range and at Lyman-, studying shape and evolution of the processes expanding from the Sun to the heliosphere. In the CNR-IFN UOS Padova laboratories I employed deposition and characterization facilities to study the characteristics of materials and devices to be used as optical elements at Lyman- wavelength. A morphological characterization was carried on with an atomic force microscope (AFM) and an optical characterization revealed the performances of materials and devices. Variations in performances were related to modications in the experimental conditions and the acquired knowledge was used to optimize the performances of the nal product. Annealing is an approach never fully explored before to increment the optical quality of magnesium uoride thin lms, and consequently the reectivity of VUV optical elements. I conducted a study of the phenomena involved in the process and applied the procedure to the realization of improved mirrors for this spectral region. This work will present all the experimental steps that led to the realization of the nal devices and describe the characteristics of this novel annealing approach.
La linea spettrale Lyman-, a 121.6 nm, è una lunghezza d'onda di grande interesse per l'esplorazione dell'ambiente solare e per l'astrosica. È un'importante linea di emissione dell'idrogeno e può dare informazioni sulle dinamiche di regioni calde dello spazio come la fotosfera solare e la corona. Lo strumento METIS (Multi Element Telescope for Imaging and Spectroscopy) sarà a bordo della missione Solar Orbiter, una missione dell'ESA in collaborazione con la NASA che dal 2018 intraprenderà un viaggio verso il Sole per esplorare le dinamiche della dinamo solare e la sua connessione con la corona e l'eliosfera. METIS acquisirà immagini nel visibile e alla lunghezza d'onda Lyman-, studiando la forma e l'evoluzione dei processi in espansione dal Sole verso l'eliosfera. Nei laboratori del CNR-IFN UOS Padova ho utilizato facility di deposizione e caratterizzazione per studiare le caratteristiche di materiali e dispositivi utilizzabili come elementi ottici per la lunghezza d'onda Lyman-. Grazie ad un microscopio a forza atomica (AFM) è stata realizzata una caratterizzazione di tipo morfologico mentre una caratterizzazione ottica ha rivelato le performance di materiali e dispositivi. Le variazioni di tali performance sono state ricondotte a modiche delle condizioni sperimentali e le conoscenze acquisite sono state utilizzate per ottimizzare le performance del prodotto nito. L'annealing è un aproccio che non è mai stato completamente esplorato e che può aumentare le qualità ottiche dei lm sottili di uoruro di magnesio, e di conseguenza aumentare la riettività degli elementi ottici per il range VUV. Io ho condotto uno studio dei fenomeni coinvolti nel processo e applicato la procedura alla realizzazione di migliori specchi per questa regione spettrale. In questo lavoro sono presentati tutti i passaggi sperimentali che hanno condotto alla realizzazione dei dispositivi ultimati e sono descritte le caratteristiche del nuovo approccio dell'annealing.

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Kmeť, Jozef. "Problematika snižování tepelné odrazivosti zrcadel solární elektrárny se Stirlingovým motorem". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231827.

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This thesis describes a concentrating solar power using a Stirling engine. The problems encountered during construction and operation. I focus mainly on problems derating dusting and icing. The second part of this work is the experimental design of the stand with long-term measurement of dusting depending on the reflectivity of mirrors and their degradation under various conditions. First measurement is stated and estimation of long-term results.

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Avenel, Coralie. "Durabilité des miroirs pour l'énergie solaire à concentration : étude des modes de vieillissement". Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne‎ (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAC035/document.

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La durabilité des miroirs solaires est un point clé pour le développement des centrales solaires à concentration, du fait de l’investissement important, des 30 ans d’opération visés et des zones d’implantations aux climats agressifs. Ces travaux de recherche portent ainsi sur l’étude des modes de dégradation et de la durabilité de miroirs solaires en verre monolithiques ou laminés. Cette thèse a permis d’appliquer avec succès au CSP une méthodologie de prédiction de la durée de vie développée dans des domaines plus matures. Les corrélations entre les vieillissements accélérés et les expositions extérieures réalisées sur trois sites ont mis en avant le rôle prédominant de l’eau et de l’irradiance dans la dégradation des peintures de protection des miroirs monolithiques. Les essais en chaleur humide ont quant à eux été jugés trop agressifs pour les miroirs, considérant de plus les conditions climatiques des sites d’application potentiels. Les résultats expérimentaux des essais de vieillissements accélérés ont conduit à la détermination des paramètres cinétiques des miroirs inclus dans les relations mathématiques modélisant les principaux facteurs de stress identifiés précédemment. Les facteurs d’accélération ont ainsi été calculés pour des essais standards par rapport à des sites comportant des centrales CSP opérationnelles. Ce travail a permis au final d’estimer des durées de vie des miroirs sur les sites choisis, en considérant que seuls les facteurs de stress étudiés intervenaient dans la dégradation
Durability of solar mirrors is a key point for the development of concentrating solar power plants, because of the large investment, the goal of 30 years lifetime and of the implantations areas with hostile climates. This research work concerns the study of degradation modes and of monolithic or laminated glass solar mirrors durability. This thesis allows to successfully apply to CSP a lifetime prediction method already developed in more mature fields. Correlations between accelerated ageing tests and natural outdoor exposures performed on three sites evidence the predominant role of water and irradiance in protection paints of monolithic mirrors degradation. Damp heat tests were evaluated too aggressive for mirrors, considering thus the climatic conditions of potential application sites. Experimental results of accelerated ageing tests lead to the determination of kinetic parameters included in mathematical relationships modelling the main stress factors previously identified. Acceleration factors were then calculated for standard tests compared to sites with operational CSP plants. This work finally allows to estimate lifetimes of mirrors on specific sites, assuming that only the studied stress factors take part in degradation

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Książki na temat "Solar Mirrors"

Perers, Bengt. Flat plate collectors with booster mirrors. Stockholm: Swedish Council for Building Research, 1993.

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Shabbar, Salfee, Lammert Luke i United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., red. Development of an improved mirror facet for space applications. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1991.

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Heggen, Philip M. Solar concentrating mirrors: A technology coming of age. Menlo Park, Calif: Energy General Press, 1988.

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M, Dever Therese, Banholzer William Frank 1957- i United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., red. Chemical vapor deposited silica coatings for solar mirror protection. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1988.

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Lee, Jinsuk. Lifetime prediction for degradation of solar mirrors using step-stress accelerated testing. Golden, Colo.]: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 2011.

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Kohne, Raner. Zur Leistung hochkonzentrierender Spiegelkonzentratoren und Spiegelsysteme. Koln: DFVLR, 1987.

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Chau-Lyan, Chang, Merkle C. L i Lewis Research Center, red. Solar rocket plume/mirror interactions. [Washington, D.C.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1991.

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Guardians of the Solar Shield: Earth's Climate Mirrors Under Attack 2029-37. Strategic Path Press, 2021.

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Solar rocket plume/mirror interactions. [Washington, D.C.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1991.

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Lemonick, Michael D. Mirror Earth: The Search for Our Planet's Twin. Bloomsbury Publishing USA, 2014.

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Części książek na temat "Solar Mirrors"

Baydyk, Tetyana, Ernst Kussul i Donald C. Wunsch II. "Solar Concentrators with Flat Mirrors". W Computational Intelligence Methods and Applications, 23–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02236-5_3.

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Leutz, Ralf, i Akio Suzuki. "Lenses and Mirrors for Solar Energy". W Springer Series in OPTICAL SCIENCES, 3–14. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-45290-4_2.

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Fraas, Lewis M. "Sunbeams from Space Mirrors for Terrestrial PV". W Low-Cost Solar Electric Power, 159–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07530-3_12.

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Fraas, Lewis M., i Mark J. O’Neill. "Sunbeams from Space Mirrors for Terrestrial PV". W Low-Cost Solar Electric Power, 163–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30812-3_12.

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Liu, C. K., i C. L. Tien. "Cryocontamination of Optical Solar Reflectors and Mirrors". W Advances in Cryogenic Engineering, 474–81. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9847-9_56.

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Anton, R., G. Lensch, W. Rudolph i R. Ueth. "Investigations of Hard Coating and Heat Mirrors for Simultaneous Energy Conservation in a Photovoltaic/Solarthermic Hybrid System or for Use in a Secondary Reflector". W Solar Thermal Energy Utilization, 59–108. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-52342-7_2.

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Bilton, Amy M., i Steven Dubowsky. "Inverse Kinematics for the Control of Hyper-Redundant Binary Mechanisms with Application to Solar Concentrator Mirrors". W Latest Advances in Robot Kinematics, 421–28. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4620-6_53.

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Orvos, John. "Solar Corona Looks in the Mirror". W Achieving Business Agility, 147–66. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-3855-4_7.

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Stenborg, G., R. Schwenn, N. Srivastava, B. Inhester, B. Podlipnik, M. Rovira i C. Francile. "MICA: The Mirror Coronagraph for Argentina". W Coronal Holes and Solar Wind Acceleration, 307–10. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9167-6_51.

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Jacob, J. W., G. Mertens i J. Declerk. "Mirror Delamination". W The IEA/SSPS Solar Thermal Power Plants — Facts and Figures— Final Report of the International Test and Evaluation Team (ITET), 112–13. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-82684-9_49.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Solar Mirrors"

Kennedy, C. E., K. Terwilliger i G. J. Jorgensen. "Analysis of Accelerated Exposure Testing of Thin-Glass Mirror Matrix". W ASME 2005 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2005-76040.

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Concentrating solar power (CSP) companies have deployed thin-glass mirrors produced by wet silver processes on ∼1-mm-thick, relatively lightweight glass. These mirrors have been bonded to metal substrates in commercial installations. Initial hemispherical reflectance is ∼93% to 96%, and the cost is ∼$16.1/m2 to $43.0/m2. These mirrors have the confidence of the CSP industry. However, corrosion was observed in mirror elements of operational solar systems deployed outdoors for 2 years. NREL’s advanced optical materials team was assigned to investigate the problem. First, it was noted that this corrosion is very similar to the corrosion bands and spots observed on small (45 mm × 67 mm) thin-glass mirrors laminated to metal substrates with several different types of adhesives and subjected to accelerated exposure testing (AET) at NREL. These samples exhibited corrosion at the unprotected edges and along cracks, and the choice of adhesive affected the performance of weathered thin-glass mirrors. Secondly, two significant changes in mirror manufacture have occurred in the wet-chemistry process because of environmental concerns. The first is the method of forming a copper-free reflective mirror, and the second is the use of lead-free paints. A test matrix of 84 combinations of sample constructions (mirror type / back protective paint / adhesive / substrate) was devised for AET as a designed experiment to identify the most promising mirrors, paints, and adhesives for use with concentrator designs. Two types of accelerated exposure were used: an Atlas Ci5000 WeatherOmeter (WOM) and a damp-heat chamber. Based on an analysis of variance (ANOVA), the various factors and interactions were modeled. These samples now have almost 24 months of accelerated exposure. Analysis of the thin-glass mirror matrix indicated that the Glaverbel mirror with a copperless formulation demonstrates slightly better performance compared to the Naugatuck standard copper-containing mirror and new copperless constructions although most results are within experimental uncertainty. Analysis of the thin-glass mirror matrix indicates commercial (non-mirror) back-protective paint applied after mirror manufacturing is not beneficial. Degradation of the samples exposed to date in the damp-heat chamber is similar, but at a rate 10 times faster than observed for samples in the WOM. We will discuss the results of the continued exposure testing of these mirror samples. Although glass mirrors with copper back-layers and heavily leaded paints have been considered robust for outdoor use, the new copperless back-layer and lead-free paint systems were designed for interior mirror applications and the outdoor durability must be determined.

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Diver, Richard B., i Timothy A. Moss. "Practical Field Alignment of Parabolic Trough Solar Concentrators". W ASME 2006 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2006-99146.

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In this paper a new technique for parabolic trough mirror alignment based on the use of an innovative Theoretical Overlay Photographic (TOP) approach is described. The technique is a variation on methods used to align mirrors on parabolic dish systems. It involves overlay of theoretical images of the Heat Collection Element (HCE) in the mirrors onto carefully surveyed photographic images and adjustment of mirror alignment until they match. From basic geometric principles, for any given viewer location the theoretical shape and location of the reflected HCE image in the aligned mirrors can be predicted. The TOP approach promises to be practical and straightforward and inherently aligns the mirrors to the HCE. Alignment of an LS-2 mirror module on the rotating platform at the National Solar Thermal Test Facility (NSTTF) with the TOP technique along with how it might be implemented in a large solar field is described. Comparison of the TOP alignment to the distant observer approach on the NSTTF LS-2 is presented and the governing equations used to draw the theoretical overlays are developed. Alignment uncertainty associated with this technique is predicted to be less than the mirror slope error.

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Barr, Lawrence D., i William C. Livingston. "Mirror seeing control in thick solid mirrors and the planned upgrade of the McMath-Pierce Solar Telescope". W Metal Mirrors, redaktorzy Richard G. Bingham i David D. Walker. SPIE, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.158744.

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Wells, David N. "Low-Cost Solar Mirror Substrates and Geometries for Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Concentrator Applications". W ASME 2001 Solar Engineering: International Solar Energy Conference (FORUM 2001: Solar Energy — The Power to Choose). American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sed2001-102.

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Abstract Two principal approaches to lowering solar concentrator costs are through improved geometry (lower profile, simpler shape), and through simplified methods to make concentrator substrates. The paper discusses issues relating to fabrication of solar concentrator mirrors from inexpensive elastically bent float glass mirrors. Protection from hail damage by a novel shock absorbing back layer is presented. New low-profile concentrator geometry is presented which utilize the low-cost mirror substrates. One new geometry uses a stationary cylindrical reflector with novel arc-motion tracking absorber that appears suitable for mid-sized thermal applications. Another uses the cylindrical mirror with an azimuth-elevation tracking mechanism appears to be suitable for small-scale applications. To get even higher concentration, some low-cost secondary designs are briefly discussed which use refractive tubes or lenses as secondary concentrating elements.

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English, Jeffrey D. "Thin Glass CSP Mirrors: “From Reflection to Concentration”". W ASME 2007 Energy Sustainability Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2007-36173.

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The goal for Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) mirror is not just reflection, but the complete capture and utilization of the entire solar spectrum. Solar radiation is emitted over a range of wavelengths, analytically measured between 250–2500 nm, to ensure maximum captivation. An effective solar mirror, utilized for concentrating this energy must be capable of maintaining a high level of reflectance, under adverse environmental conditions for a prolonged duration in a CSP system. Thin (1-mm) flat low-iron, silvered glass mirrors have been utilized for CSP applications for many years, but obstacles with respect to quality and durability have had to be overcome. Developments have improved the reflectance from averages in the low 90% range to averages between ∼96%–97%. The reflectance durability standard for utilization of mirror for solar applications requires a minimal reflective loss of less than 5% over a 15 year period in the field. The ultimate goal is to expand the solar mirror’s field life to 20–30 years, the life of a CSP system. Overcoming harsh accelerated testing parameters continues to be the focus, as these tests attempt to correlate the lifetime to actual field applications. Test chambers with elevated temperatures and humidity conditions continue to be the most severe, and results continually show dramatic improvement. Focus was drawn on the loss of spectral reflectance, as degradation was occurring at a rapid rate specifically with the lower wave spectra. Drawing on the expertise and direction of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), CSP thin-glass mirrors are emerging to be a viable choice for solar concentration. Thinglass mirrors offer a low-weight, highly reflective option, that resists harsh weather conditions, including water and humidity variances along with surface contamination. Mirror coating advancements have exceeded the physical and chemical resistance properties of standard “off the shelf” mirror coating products to precise, industry specific components. This study will review the obstacles and highlight the progress that has led to the success of the thin-glass mirror CSP market. A compilation of test results from NREL and other analytical, laboratories along with the collaboration of mirror manufacturing expertise from a vast knowledge base in the chemically plated mirror industry. It is the primary focus of the industry to continue to strive for a superior quality concentrating mirror while making it economically viable to the solar industry.

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Lee, Seung J., Amy M. Bilton i Steven Dubowsky. "On the Kinematics of Solar Mirrors Using Massively Parallel Binary Actuation". W ASME 2010 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2010-28875.

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Precision mirrors are required for effective solar energy collectors. Manufacturing such mirrors and making them robust to disturbances such as thermal gradients is expensive. In this paper, the use of parallel binary actuation to control the shape of mirrors for solar concentrators is explored. The approach embeds binary actuators in a compliant mirror substructure. Actuators are deployed in a specified pattern to correct the mirror shape. The analysis for binary-actuated compliant mirror structures is presented. Analytical models are developed for one-dimensional and two-dimensional compliant structures with embedded binary actuators. These analytical models are validated using finite element analysis and experimental studies. The models and experiments demonstrate the capabilities of binary actuated mirrors. System workspace is explored, the principle of superposition required for their control is demonstrated, as is the mirror ability to correct its figure.

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Murray, Myles P., Laura S. Bruckman, Devin Gordon, Samuel Richardson, Greg Reinbolt, Mark Schuetz i Roger H. French. "Degradation of back surface acrylic mirrors for low concentration and mirror-augmented photovoltaics". W SPIE Solar Energy + Technology, redaktorzy Neelkanth G. Dhere i John H. Wohlgemuth. SPIE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.930102.

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Alon, Lital, Gregory Ravikovich, Matan Mandelbrod, Udi Eilat, Zafrir Schop i Dror Tamari. "Computer-Based Management of Mirror-Washing in Utility-Scale Solar Thermal Plants". W ASME 2014 8th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2014-6562.

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BrightSource solar power plants consist of fields of tens of thousands of mirrors, spread across kilometers of open areas. These huge mirrors are in constant motion, reflecting the sun’s rays on to the solar thermal collector. Maintaining high reflectivity of the mirrors is essential for the solar field’s performance, a task that becomes complex when expanded to encompass the solar field’s features. The solution for mirror cleaning must be efficient, cost-effective, time-saving, and easy to maintain for dozens of years. BrightSource has designed and constructed a system of GPS-based mirror washing machines (MWMs) that are controlled and managed by end-to-end software. The system generates optimized cleaning tasks, positions the mirrors, and efficiently controls the navigation and state of the MWMs with their 25-meter-long extendable cranes. All of these actions together provide an optimal mirror cleaning solution. This article describes the BrightSource cleaning control technology, for example, in the Ivanpah project, the world’s largest solar thermal facility. The Ivanpah solar field includes 173,500 heliostats divided among three solar fields. Each heliostat holds two mirrors of approximately 2.5 × 3.5 meters, all of which require periodic cleaning. Specifically, this article addresses issues such as the following: • The mirror washing machine (MWM) types: truck and tractor-based, and their differing usage in the solar field • Designation and choice of the cleaning area • Estimation of the stopping points in the designated area, and association of the mirrors to clean from each stopping point • Cleaning time optimization: stopping point density, order in which to clean heliostats, and heliostat position during cleaning • Heliostat positioning: opening clear corridors through which the MWM can travel, and setting heliostats in cleaning orientations • Receiving and responding to callback messages from the MWMs, such as cleaning progress and machine faults • Working in the real world: resources shared with the power plant, and recovery from system faults

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Pujol-Nadal, Ramon, Víctor Martínez-Moll i Andreu Moià-Pol. "Comparison Between Curved-mirrors and Flat-mirrors of the Fixed Mirror Solar Concentrator Geometry". W EuroSun 2014. Freiburg, Germany: International Solar Energy Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18086/eurosun.2014.16.17.

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Angel, Roger, Thomas Stalcup, Brian Wheelwright, Stephen Warner, Kimberly Hammer i Mira Frenkel. "Shaping solar concentrator mirrors by radiative heating". W SPIE Solar Energy + Technology, redaktorzy Adam P. Plesniak i Candace Pfefferkorn. SPIE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2062394.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Solar Mirrors"

Jorgensen, G., C. Kennedy, D. King i K. Terwilliger. Optical durability testing of candidate solar mirrors. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), marzec 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/754064.

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Diver, R. Mirror alignment techniques for point-focus solar concentrators. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), czerwiec 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7233191.

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Decker, E., C. Lopez, C. Mavis i J. Noring. 10 MWe Solar Thermal Central Receiver Pilot Plant mirror module corrosion, torque tube damage, and mirror reflectance survey, July 1984. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), lipiec 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5464338.

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Houser, R., i J. Strachan. Optical performance of the TBC-2 solar collector before and after the 1993 mirror lustering. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), luty 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/41349.

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Farrell, Tucker, Frank Burkholder i Guangdong Zhu. Measurement and Reporting Guidelines for Solar Mirror Aging Tests Using Xenon Arc Lamp Exposure (XALE). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), kwiecień 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1971888.

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Stettenheim, Joel. Second Generation Novel High Temperature Commercial Receiver & Low Cost High Performance Mirror Collector for Parabolic Solar Trough. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), luty 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1332248.

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Danzo, M., R. Velazquez i C. Mavis. 10 MW/sub e/ Solar Thermal Central Receiver Pilot Plant mirror module corrosion torque tube damage and vent tube assessment survey, July 1985 and July 1986. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), wrzesień 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5996953.

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