Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / SOLAR FLAT PLATE COLLECTORS

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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „SOLAR FLAT PLATE COLLECTORS”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 11 września 2023

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "SOLAR FLAT PLATE COLLECTORS"

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Noghrehabadi, Aminreza, Ebrahim Hajidavaloo, Mojtaba Moravej i Ali Esmailinasab. "An experimental study of the thermal performance of the square and rhombic solar collectors". Thermal Science 22, nr 1 Part B (2018): 487–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci151228252n.

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Solar collectors are the key part of solar water heating systems. The most widely produced solar collectors are flat plate solar collectors. In the present study, two types of flat plate collectors, namely square and rhombic collectors are experi?mentally tested and compared and the thermal performance of both collectors is investigated. The results show both collectors have the same performance around noon (?61%), but the rhombic collector has better performance in the morning and afternoon. The values for rhombic and square collectors are approximately 56.2% and 53.5% in the morning and 56.1% and 54% in the afternoon, respectively. The effect of flow rate is also studied. The thermal efficiency of rhombic and square flat plate collectors increases in proportion to the flow rate. The results indicated the rhombic collector had better performance in comparison with the square collector with respect to the mass-flow rate.
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Han, Xiao Dong, Shi Wei Zhang, Chuan Chen i Yong Tang. "Analysis of Selective Absorber Coatings on Thermal Performance of the Solar Flat-Plate Collector". Advanced Materials Research 690-693 (maj 2013): 2093–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.690-693.2093.

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In this work, a solar flat-plate collector test system is developed. The solar flat-plate collectors with anodic coating, chromium coating and blue core coating are tested. The experimental results indicate that the relative absorption ration α/ε of blue core coating is up to 19. The efficiency of collector with blue core coating is 78.66%, which is 5% higher than collectors with the other two types of coatings. In addition, collector with blue core coating has smaller total thermal loss coefficient. The blue core coating can effectively improve the performance of solar flat-plate collectors.
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Amirgaliyev, Yedilkhan, Murat Kunelbayev, Talgat Ormanov, Talgat Sundetov i Salauat Daulbayev. "Experimental comparative analysis of operating characteristics of double circuit flat-plate solar collector with thermosiphon circulation and flat solar collector with chemical coating". Thermal Science, nr 00 (2021): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci201108173a.

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The given article considers results of experimental measurements, productivity comparison and master controller executive system of flat-plate solar collector with thermosiphon circulation and flat solar collector with special chemical coating. There has been developed master controllers control module, which receives data from temperature and lighting sensors, obtained in operation process. The aim of the research is getting the solar collectors? optimal parameters, representing maximal usage performance index, controllability, as well as, construction type, allowing energy saving. In the recent years flat-plate solar collectors with chemical coating are characterized with higher efficiency in real conditions usage. The developed master controllers? executive system is used for monitoring the installation?s main parameters, as well, it permits to compare characteristics of solar collector with thermosiphon circulation to those of flat-plate solar collector with chemical coating. The obtained experimental data has shown, that flat solar collectors, using chemical coating as a transfer medium in solar heat supply system, have an advantage in the context of usage effectiveness. The heat output and water heating in a flat solar collector are calculated, which vary depending on the intensity of solar radiation. The thermal efficiency of a flat solar collector with a thermosiphon tank based on the Mojo V3 platform using Dallas sensors is calculated.
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Olczak, Piotr, Dominika Matuszewska i Jadwiga Zabagło. "The Comparison of Solar Energy Gaining Effectiveness between Flat Plate Collectors and Evacuated Tube Collectors with Heat Pipe: Case Study". Energies 13, nr 7 (10.04.2020): 1829. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13071829.

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In Poland, various solar collector systems are used; among them, the most popular are flat plate collectors (FPCs) and evacuated tube collectors (ETCs). The work presents two installations located at a distance of 80 km apart, working in similar external conditions. One of them contains 120 flat plate collectors and works for the preparation of hot water in a swimming pool building; the second one consists of 32 evacuated tube collectors with a heat pipe and supports the preparation of domestic hot water for a multi-family house. During the comparison of the two quite large solar installations, it was confirmed that the use of evacuated tube solar collectors shows a much better solar energy productivity than flat plate collectors for the absorber area. Higher heat solar gains (by 7.9%) were also observed in the case of the gross collector area. The advantages of evacuated tube collectors are observed mainly during colder periods, which allows for a steadier thermal energy production.
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Marcic, Simon, Rebeka Kovacic-Lukman i Peter Virtic. "Hybrid system solar collectors - heat pumps for domestic water heating". Thermal Science 23, nr 6 Part A (2019): 3675–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci180314187m.

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This paper deals with the use of solar energy, heat pumps, and solar system-heat pump combinations for domestic water heating. The testing of solar tiles, flat plate collectors as an autonomous system, as well as flat plate collector-heat pump and solar tile-heat pump combinations, are presented. Black-coloured water absorbs solar radiation flows through solar tiles made of transparent polymethyl methacrylate (CH2C(CH3)COOCH3). At the same time, solar tiles are used as a roof covering and as a solar radiation collector. Hot water from solar tiles or a flat plate collector is directed to the heat pump, which increases the temperature of water entering the boiler heating coil. The heat of water heated in solar tiles or in flat plate collectors serves as a source of energy for the heat pump. Since the goal was realistically evaluate the efficiency of solar tiles in comparison with the flat plate collector, extensive measurements of both systems under identical condition were carried out. The experiments were carried out in rainy, cloudy, and clear weather.
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Sharma, Chandrakant, i Dr Virendra Sangtani. "Analyses of a Flat Plate Photovoltaic and Thermal Solar Collectors". International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-3, Issue-3 (30.04.2019): 239–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd21707.

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Li, Jie. "Review of Materials for Solar Thermal Collectors". Advanced Materials Research 171-172 (grudzień 2010): 486–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.171-172.486.

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To cover the main contributions and developments in solar thermal collectors through focusing on materials, heat transfer characteristics and manufacturing challenges. A range of published papers and internet research including research work on various solar thermal collectors (flat plate, evacuated tubes, and heat pipe tube) were used. Evaluation of solar collectors performance is critiqued to aid solar technologies make the transition into a specific dominant solar collector. The sources are sorted into sections: finding an academic job, general advice, teaching, research and publishing, tenure and organizations. Provides information about types of solar thermal collectors, indicating what can be added by using evacuated tube collectors instead of flat plate collectors and what can be added by using heat pipe collectors instead of evacuated tubes. Focusing only on three types of solar thermal collectors (flat plate, evacuated tubes, and heat pipe tube). Useful source of information for consultancy and impartial advice for graduate students planning to do research in solar thermal technologies. This paper fulfils identified information about materials and heat transfer properties of materials and manufacturing challenges of these three solar thermal collectors.
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Kousar, Rubeena, i Muzaffar Ali. "Annual transient simulations and experimental investigation of a hybrid flat plate and evacuated tube collectors array in subtropical climate". Thermal Science 24, nr 2 Part B (2020): 1435–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci190623421k.

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Non-concentrating solar thermal collectors are being used for various heating and cooling applications. Flat plate collectors and evacuated tube collectors are extensively being used in this regard and their hybrid configuration could be an energy efficient solution. In the current work, model-based transient simulation approach is implemented using TRNSYS to decide the optimal number of flat plate collectors. Detailed experimental analysis of standalone and hybrid configurations of flat plate collectors and evacuated tube collectors is performed under real climate conditions of Taxila, Pakistan. Experimental tests have been conducted to analyze the system performance in terms of energy and exergy efficiencies. Afterwards, annual transient simulations are performed for whole year to determine the overall performance of the hybrid system. The maximum average temperature difference per unit area for flat plate collectors, evacuated tube collectors, and hybrid collector array was found to be 0.95?C, 1.67?C, and 0.98?C, respectively. The maximum energy and exergy efficiency were found 65%, 41% for flat plate collectors, 88.36%, 60 % for evacuated tube collectors, and 62.14%,42% for hybrid collector, while 10% increase in energy efficiency of hybrid collector array is found as compared to the standalone flat plate collectors. Average 9.78% deviation is observed in experimental and model-based efficiency. Finally, annual simulations show that hybrid collector array is 16% more efficient than standalone flat plate collectors throughout the year.
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Oyinlola, MA, i GSF Shire. "Characterising micro-channel absorber plates for building integrated solar thermal collectors". Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 40, nr 1 (12.06.2018): 13–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143624418783173.

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This paper discusses the characterisation of micro-channel absorber plates for compact flat plate solar thermal collectors, which are suitable for building integration. Experimental and computational studies were carried out at typical operating conditions for flat plate solar collectors. Three-dimensional numerical analysis using commercial CFD package, ANSYS CFX, showed that heat transfer occurred on only three surfaces of the channel and there was a peripheral variation of the heat flux density. It was also observed that axial thermal conduction could modify the surface boundary at the inlet and outlet; however, the middle section of the channel could be approximated as a rectangular channel with three walls transferring heat under an H1 boundary condition. Experimental studies were used to estimate the standard parameters for predicting performance of the flat plate collectors, which indicated promising performance results. The collector flow factor F″ and the heat removal factor could be improved by increasing the collector capacitance rate; this can be achieved by increasing the mass flow rate per collector area [Formula: see text] as well as reducing the overall heat loss, UL. This analysis is important for optimising design and operating parameters, especially to minimise temperature gradient in the transverse and longitudinal directions. Practical application: The proposed compact micro-channel absorber plate has the potential to make flat plate collectors more efficient, cheaper and aesthetically attractive in building integration. It could therefore promote the uptake of solar thermal collectors in buildings. The analysis presented in this study would be beneficial for optimising the design and operating parameters of building integrated solar thermal collectors with micro-channels.
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He, Yong Tai, Rui Ming Liu i Jin Hao Liu. "Experimental Research of Photovoltaic/Thermal (PV/T) Solar Systems". Applied Mechanics and Materials 401-403 (wrzesień 2013): 146–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.401-403.146.

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A novel water photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) solar system was designed, which consisted of a flat plate solar thermal collector and a flat plate PV/T collector in parallel. The area of flat plate solar thermal collector and PV/T collectors were 2m2, respectively. The performance of PV/T solar system was tested under condition of flat plate PV/T collectors with glass cover. The test results show that the average output electricity power of PV/T solar system was 28.1W in sunny day at 8:27-17:00 (March 8,2013, at Chuxiong city), the water temperature in the water tank insulation with 200L was raised from 18°C to 60°C. The daily useful efficiency of the PV/T solar system reached 46%. The PV/T solar system could meet the basic need of ordinary families to lighting electricity and hot water. The PV/T solar system had high practicality and was suitable for ordinary rural families.
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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "SOLAR FLAT PLATE COLLECTORS"

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Vestlund, Johan. "Gas-filled, flat plate solar collectors". Doctoral thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Energi och miljöteknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-6182.

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This work treats the thermal and mechanical performances of gas-filled, flat plate solar collectors in order to achieve a better performance than that of air filled collectors. The gases examined are argon, krypton and xenon which all have lower thermal conductivity than air. The absorber is formed as a tray connected to the glass. The pressure of the gas inside is near to the ambient and since the gas volume will vary as the temperature changes, there are potential risks for fatigue in the material. One heat transfer model and one mechanical model were built. The mechanical model gave stresses and information on the movements. The factors of safety were calculated from the stresses, and the movements were used as input for the heat transfer model where the thermal performance was calculated. It is shown that gas-filled, flat plate solar collectors can be designed to achieve good thermal performance at a competitive cost. The best yield is achieved with a xenon gas filling together with a normal thick absorber, where normal thick means a 0.25 mm copper absorber. However, a great deal of energy is needed to produce the xenon gas, and if this aspect is taken into account, the krypton filling is better. Good thermal performance can also be achieved using less material; a collector with a 0.1 mm thick copper absorber and the third best gas, which is argon, still gives a better operating performance than a common, commercially produced, air filled collector with a 0.25 mm absorber. When manufacturing gas-filled flat plate solar collectors, one way of decreasing the total material costs significantly, is by changing absorber material from copper to aluminium. Best yield per monetary outlay is given by a thin (0.3 mm) alu-minium absorber with an argon filling. A high factor of safety is achieved with thin absorbers, large absorber areas, rectangular constructions with long tubes and short distances between glass and absorber. The latter will also give a thin layer of gas which gives good thermal performance. The only doubtii ful construction is an argon filled collector with a normal thick (> 0.50 mm) aluminium absorber. In general, an assessment of the stresses for the proposed construction together with appropriate tests are recommended before manufacturing, since it is hard to predict the factor of safety; if one part is reinforced, some other parts can experience more stress and the factor of safety actually drops.
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Reiter, Christoph Nikolaus. "Polymeric solar-thermal flat-plate collectors". Thesis, De Montfort University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/10755.

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State-of-the-art solar-thermal flat-plate collectors suffer from a limited potential to decrease production costs for the necessary higher economic benefit of so-lar-thermal systems. Costly metallic materials and corresponding manufactur-ing processes prevent further cost reductions. For that issues, plastic materials can offer a promising approach. The main hurdle for the use of cost-effective plastics lies in the high thermal loads on the collector components — absorber and insulation — which were identified in a field-testing. The necessary overheating protection approaches to lower these thermal loads were investigated in a literature review. A large number of relevant concepts was evaluated related to achievable temperature reduction, influence on solar yield, additional costs and intrinsic safety. There-fore, a mathematical model was developed to determine the solar-thermal col-lector´s behaviour in a solar-thermal system for hot water and space heating. This way, the most promising overheating concepts were simulated and ana-lysed with regard to component temperatures and system performance. Omitting the selective absorber coating and reducing the backside insulation was found to be the most suitable solution for component materials with limited temperature resistance like polypropylene. In the second part of the research, collector design concepts were developed on the basis of the characteristics of plastic material processing. The identified unit costs showed savings of more than 50 % in comparison to stateof- the-art collectors. The analysis regarding temperature loads and annual solar yield by simulation proved the performance of the concepts. The collector costs and the simulation results were used to define the total costs of the solar-thermal sys-tems and to evaluate the economic benefits by means of the collector con-cepts. The benefits were similar to state-of-the-art set-ups. Thus, further adjustments at system level are necessary to lower the total costs. Therefore, the system set-up has to be harmonised with the collector requirements and investigated in detail.
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Sicner, Karen Maffitt. "A method for sizing flat plate solar collectors for space and hot water heating". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/21750.

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Ehrmann, Nicole [Verfasser]. "Development of selective coating systems for solar-thermal flat-plate collectors / Nicole Ehrmann". Hannover : Technische Informationsbibliothek und Universitätsbibliothek Hannover (TIB), 2012. http://d-nb.info/1025758293/34.

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Nalis, Amrizal. "Quasi-Dynamic Characterization of Hybrid Photovoltaic/Thermal (PV/T) Flat-Plate Collectors". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/84100.

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Un model híbrid transitòria fotovoltaic / tèrmic ha estat desenvolupat i validat experimentalment. La metodologia s'estén el model tèrmic quasi-dinàmica s'indica a la norma EN 12975 per involucrar el rendiment elèctric i estudiar el comportament dinàmic minimitzar les limitacions de l'hora de caracteritzar el col • lector. Una es mou cap enrere procediment mitjà de filtrat s'ha aplicat per millorar la resposta del model de condicions de treball variables. Quant a la part elèctrica, el model inclou les dependències tèrmiques i la radiació en les seves variables. Els resultats van revelar que els paràmetres característics inclosos en el model raonablement d'acord amb els valors experimentals obtinguts de la norma d'estat estacionari i els mesuraments de la corba característica IV. Després d'un procés de calibració del model proposat és una eina adequada per predir el comportament tèrmic i elèctric d'un col • lector solar híbrida, per un temps determinat conjunt de dades.
A hybrid photovoltaic/thermal transient model has been developed and validated experimentally. The methodology extends the quasi-dynamic thermal model stated in the EN 12975 to involve the electrical performance and to consider the dynamic behaviour minimising constraints when characterising the collector. A backward moving average filtering procedure has been applied to improve the model response for variable working conditions. Concerning the electrical part, the model includes the thermal and radiation dependences in its variables. The results revealed that the characteristic parameters included in the model reasonably agree with the experimental values obtained from standard steady-state and IV characteristic curve measurements. After a calibration process the proposed model is a suitable tool to predict the thermal and electrical performance of a hybrid solar collector, for a specific weather data set
Se ha desarrollado un modelo dinámico para caracterizar colectores solares híbridos térmofotovoltaicos. La metodología extiende el modelo térmico estipulado en la norma EN 12975 involucrando la aportación eléctrica y estudiando el comportamiento dinámico para minimizar las restricciones a la hora de caracterizar el módulo. Se han implementado procedimientos de filtrado que mejoran la respuesta del modelo bajo condiciones variables. En cuanto a la parte eléctrica, el modelo incluye las dependencias térmicas y la radiación en sus variables. Los resultados obtenidos a partir de caracterización dinámica del colector híbrido PV/T revelaron que los parámetros característicos incluidos en el modelo concuerdan razonablemente bien con los valores experimentales obtenidos siguiendo el estándar de caracterización estacionaria, la capacidad calorífica efectiva y las mediciones de la curva característica IV. Después de un proceso de calibración, el modelo es una herramienta adecuada para predecir el comportamiento de un colector solar híbrido, para unas condiciones externas determinadas.
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Sumair, Faisal Ahmed. "Preparation and characterisation of eutectic nanofluids for heat transfer enhancement in flat plate solar collectors". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/48390/.

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Use of thermal energy storage (TES) materials in solar collectors is known to be the most effective way of storing thermal energy. The most conventional and traditional heat storage element is water. However, due to low thermal conductivity (TC) in vapor state its applications as a heat storage medium are limited. An alternative option is to utilize organic and inorganic TES materials as they both operate at low and medium temperature ranges. Organic TES materials such as paraffins are non-corrosive and possess high latent heat capacity. On the contrary, inorganic TES materials possess high density and appreciable specific heat capacity (SHC). Due to rapid progress and advancement in nanotechnology, varieties of nanomaterials were dispersed in various base fluid(s) to enhance thermo-physical properties. Here the current status and future development trends of TES materials has been presented. Furthermore, an extensive research on enhancement of TC and SHC of various TES material doped with nanomaterials has been discussed. Enhancement in heat capacity (HC) and thermal conductivity (TC) with dispersion of graphene (GE) nanoparticles in low temperature molten salt was investigated. Three different nanoparticle concentrations (0.01, 0.05 and 0.1 wt. %) were dispersed in molten salt composed of 5.76% NaNO3, 21.36% KNO3, 24.84% Ca(NO3)2, 41.08% CsNO3 and LiNO3 7.44% by weight. Doping of GE resulted in enhanced HC ranging from 5-13%, whereas, TC showed enhancement up to 2.44%, with respect to GE concentration. Various theoretical models were tested to predict TC and HC of GE doped molten salt. Maxwell and Hamilton-Crosser TC models show good agreement with experimental results with deviation of ±3% while Nan’s TC model over predicted TC value. Conventional HC equation fits well with the experimental data with deviation < 14%. Thus, the results obtained show the potential of GE doped molten salt as thermal energy storage (TES) medium in various heat transfer applications. This work also investigates the rheological and corrosion properties of graphene (GE) dispersed in eutectic salts. It was observed that doping of GE has significantly enhanced the viscosity of base salt. This enhancement in GE dispersed eutectic salt is mainly due to the presence of solid GE sheets and its coagulation in eutectic salts. Various concentrations of GE and temperature ranges were studied here. Eutectic salt dispersed GE behaved as non-Newtonian fluid at 70, 80 and 90 oC except at 200 oC, where it behaved as a Newtonian fluid. Viscosity of nanosuspension was predicted using Einstein’s equation. Furthermore, corrosion studies using ASTM D130 method were performed to analyse the effects of base fluid on copper and stainless steel (SS304) at elevated temperatures. Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) result shows that the presence of all nitrate bonds in synthesized base salt and GE dispersed base salt. X-ray diffraction depicts that the doping of GE in eutectic salt does not alter the crystal structure of nitrate molecules. EDX results confirm that both Cu and SS304 material were corroded. SS304 exhibited constant corrosion with an increase in GE concentration dispersed in eutectic salt, whereas copper exhibited an increase in corrosion rate with an increase in GE concentration. Kinetic studies have been carried out for molten salt and GE dispersed molten salt. It was concluded that dispersion of GE has not altered decomposition rate of nitrate of ions. In application, we have fabricated and tested two types of solar collectors, i.e., solar thermal collector and photo-voltaic/thermal collector for TES material. Test was carried out to confirm the thermal performance of both solar collectors under water, base salt and GE dispersed base salt as TES. Results proved that in both types of solar collectors, all three concentrations of GE (0.01, 0.05 and 0.1 wt. %) dispersed base salt were having high thermal performance than water and base salt. Thus, it was concluded that GE dispersed molten salt can be successfully used as TES material in both solar collectors.
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Rodrigues, Felipe Pereira. "Manufacturing process and study of a selective surface for flat plate solar collectors by using granite residue". Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=12587.

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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior
The using of alternatives materials to replace selective surfaces is a natural trend, because it usually looks for improvements on efficiency of surfaces at the same time that it tries to reduce costs. Composites are already used on obtainment of some selective surfaces, however, if the possibility to use residue that would be discarded was associated to these characteristics, providing an added-value, it would brings some benefits like a possible reduction of manufacturing costs. Thus, this thesis proposes the obtainment and study of selective surfaces for flat plate solar collectors for low cost by using residue from granite industry. Three different surfaces was studied, two of them of obtained on the laboratory, one is granite powder made and the other is a surface composed by a mixture of granite powder and CRFO (Cr0,75Fe1,25O3); the third surface is a commercial one, known as TiNOX. To perform the tests of the surfaces it was built an experimental stand, it allows simulating a solar collector conditions. The tests was performed in a stagnation condition, in other words, there wasnât any water flow inside tubes. Through this experimental apparatus it was possible to test the three surfaces simultaneously. The field tests showed that the highest temperatures were reached by granite powder surface, which reached an average temperature of 119 ÂC, while the granite powder and CRFO mixture surface reached an average of 96 ÂC. The TiNOX achieve an average temperature of 101 ÂC. The three surfaces was compared each other through an equation that gives a global heat loss coefficient. The granite powder surface was the one which achieved the lowest global heat loss coefficient.
O uso de materiais alternativos com objetivo de substituir superfÃcies seletivas à uma tendÃncia natural, pois geralmente se busca melhorias na eficiÃncia das superfÃcies ao mesmo tempo em que se tenta diminuir os custos. SubstÃncias compÃsitas jà sÃo utilizadas na obtenÃÃo de algumas superfÃcies seletivas, no entanto, se for associado a estas caracterÃsticas a possibilidade de utilizar resÃduos que iriam ser descartados, conferindo aos mesmos um valor agregado, isso traria alguns benefÃcios, como uma possÃvel reduÃÃo de custos de fabricaÃÃo. Desta forma, o presente trabalho propÃe a obtenÃÃo e o estudo de superfÃcies seletivas para aplicaÃÃes em coletores solares de placa plana de baixo custo originÃrio do resÃduo da indÃstria de granito. Foram estudadas trÃs diferentes superfÃcies, duas delas foram obtidas no laboratÃrio, a superfÃcie a base de pà de granito e a superfÃcie composta pela mistura de pà de granito e CRFO (Cr0,75Fe1,25O3); e a terceira superfÃcie foi uma superfÃcie comercial, conhecida como TiNOX. Para a realizaÃÃo dos testes foi construÃda uma bancada experimental de madeira, de forma que fosse possÃvel simular as condiÃÃes de um coletor solar de placa plana. Os testes foram feitos em condiÃÃo de estagnaÃÃo, ou seja, nÃo havia fluxo de Ãgua atravÃs de tubos no coletor. AtravÃs desse aparato experimental foi possÃvel testar as trÃs superfÃcies seletivas simultaneamente. Os testes de campo mostraram que a superfÃcie composta por pà de granito foi a que atingiu as maiores temperaturas, com uma mÃdia de atà 119 ÂC, enquanto a superfÃcie obtida com uma mistura de pà de granito e CRFO chegou a temperatura mÃdia de 96 ÂC, jà a superfÃcie comercial atingiu uma mÃdia de 101 ÂC. As superfÃcies foram comparadas atravÃs de uma equaÃÃo que fornece o coeficiente global de perda de energia tÃrmica. Os menores coeficientes foram obtidos pela superfÃcie de pà de granito
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Linde, Daniel. "Evaluation of a Flat-Plate Photovoltaic Thermal (PVT) Collector prototype". Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Energiteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-24061.

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This Master thesis, in collaboration with Morgonsol Väst AB, was completed as a part of the Solar Energy engineering program at Dalarna University. It analyses the electrical and thermal performance of a prototype PVT collector developed by Morgonsol Väst AB. By following the standards EN 12975 and EN ISO 9806 as guides, the thermal tests of the collector were completed at the facility in Borlänge. The electrical performance of the PVT collector was evaluated by comparing it to a reference PV panel fitted next to it. The result from the tests shows an improved electrical performance of the PVT collector caused by the cooling and a thermal performance described by the linear efficiency curve ηth=0.53-21.6(Tm-Ta/G). The experimental work in this thesis is an initial study of the prototype PVT collector that will supply Morgonsol Väst with important data for future development and research of the product.
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Perumattil, Jose Rose Mary. "The analysis of flat plate solar collector with double-axis solar tracking". Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-38932.

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Charlesworth, Peter S. "A full-scale and model study of convective heat transfer from roof mounted flat-plate solar collectors". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1986. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/5993/.

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This study is concerned with the convective heat transfer, due to the action of the wind, from the upper surface of roof mounted flat plate solar collectors. The ability to predict the quantity of heat transferred from a collector, in this manner, is necessary in order to facilitate the evaluation of the overall efficiency of a collector panel. Previous methods of determining this convection coefficient have generally relied upon extrapolations of small scale wind tunnel results to full-scale values. The validity of these methods is questionable, and it was found that there was a lack of full-scale data relating to the convection coefficient from the upper surface of a flat-plate collector. It was also found that no systematic attempt to relate model results to full scale values had been made. Full-scale experiments have been performed to evaluate the convective heat transfer coefficient, h, from the upper surface of a roof mounted flat plate. The convection coefficient was found to be dependent upon the wind speed as measured above the roof ridge line, V 6R, and to some extent upon the direction of the prevailing wind, G. Relationships between h and V 6R are presented, as are relationships between h and VH (the wind speed measured at the mid-panel height) and h and V 10 (the meteorological 10m wind speed). Small scale wind tunnel experiments were also performed. This was in order to assess the potential of using wind tunnel model results to predict accurately full-scale convective heat losses. These experiments showed some qualitative agreement with the full-scale tests. However, extrapolation of these model results to full-scale values rendered heat transfer coefficients in excess of those found in the full-scale work. Therefore the use of previously derived full-scale results from wind tunnel studies must be treated with caution. It is suggested that the full-scale results, presented here, represent a more satisfactory means of evaluating the convective heat transfer from the upper surface of roof mounted flat plate solar collectors.
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Książki na temat "SOLAR FLAT PLATE COLLECTORS"

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Perers, Bengt. Flat plate collectors with booster mirrors. Stockholm: Swedish Council for Building Research, 1993.

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Marion, William. Solar radiation data manual for flat-plate and concentrating collectors. Golden, Colo: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1994.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. i Westinghouse Electric Corporation. Advanced Energy Systems Division., red. Process research of non-CZ silicon material: Quarterly report no. 5, April 1, 1985 - June 30, 1985. [Washington, D.C.?: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1985.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. i Westinghouse Electric Corporation. Advanced Energy Systems Division., red. Process research of non-CZ silicon material: Quarterly report no. 5, April 1, 1985 - June 30, 1985. [Washington, D.C.?: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1985.

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Jet Propulsion Laboratory (U.S.) i Solar Energy Research Institute, red. Flat-plate Solar Array Project. Pasadena, Calif: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 1988.

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Ram, Kachare, Moacanin Jovan 1926- i Jet Propulsion Laboratory (U.S.), red. A summary report on the Flat-Plate Solar Array Project Workshop on Transparent Conducting Polymers: January 11 and 12, 1985. Pasadena, Calif: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 1985.

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Christensen, Elmer. Electricity from photovoltaic solar cells: Flat-Plate Solar Array Project of the U.S. Department of Energy's National Photovoltaics Program : 10 years of progress. [Washington, DC?]: U.S. Dept. of Energy, 1988.

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Inc, Banyan Energy, i National Renewable Energy Laboratory (U.S.), red. A flat ATIR optics approach to CPV: December 3, 2009 - December 3, 2010. Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 2011.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., red. Excimer laser annealing to fabricate low cost solar cells: Quarterly technical report no. 03 for period covering 1 October to 31 December 1984. Bedford, Mass: Spire Corporation, 1985.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, red. Flat-Plate Solar Array Project: Progress report 26 for the period July 1985 to April 1986 and proceedings of the 26th Project Integration Meeting. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1985.

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Części książek na temat "SOLAR FLAT PLATE COLLECTORS"

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Norton, Brian. "Flat-Plate Collectors". W Solar Energy Thermal Technology, 81–115. London: Springer London, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1742-1_7.

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Garg, H. P. "Advanced Flat Plate Collectors". W Advances in Solar Energy Technology, 1–123. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0659-9_1.

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Özil, E., i K. Yaşar. "Analysis of Flat Plate Collectors". W Solar Energy Utilization, 188–213. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3631-7_9.

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Tiwari, G. N., Arvind Tiwari i Shyam. "Solar Flat-Plate Air Collectors". W Energy Systems in Electrical Engineering, 369–416. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0807-8_9.

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Sarma, Dhrupad, Parimal Bakul Barua, Deva Kanta Rabha, Nidhi Verma, Soumyajyoti Purkayastha i Sudipta Das. "Flat Plate Solar Thermal Collectors—A Review". W Emerging Technologies for Smart Cities, 197–209. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1550-4_21.

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Badescu, Viorel. "Flat-Plate Solar Collectors. Optimization of Absorber Geometry". W Optimal Control in Thermal Engineering, 317–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52968-4_15.

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Szubel, Mateusz, Mariusz Filipowicz, Karolina Papis-Frączek i Maciej Kryś. "Tutorial 1 – Flat-Plate Solar Collector". W Computational Fluid Dynamics in Renewable Energy Technologies, 77–110. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003202226-9.

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Metzger, Juliane, Tomas Matuska i Borivoj Sourek. "Solar Combisystems with Building-Integrated Evacuated Flat-Plate Collectors". W Proceedings of ISES World Congress 2007 (Vol. I – Vol. V), 388–92. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75997-3_67.

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Isac, Luminita, Alexandru Enesca, Ciprian Mihoreanu, Dana Perniu i Anca Duta. "Spectrally Solar Selective Coatings for Colored Flat Plate Solar Thermal Collectors". W Springer Proceedings in Energy, 279–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09707-7_21.

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Vestlund, Johan, Jan-Olof Dalenbäck i Mats Rönnelid. "Thermal Losses in Sealed, Gas-Filled Flat Plate Solar Collectors". W Proceedings of ISES World Congress 2007 (Vol. I – Vol. V), 651–55. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75997-3_120.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "SOLAR FLAT PLATE COLLECTORS"

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Rao, Singiresu S. "Optimization of Stationary Flat-Plate Solar Collectors". W ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-52082.

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The optimum design of stationary flat-plate solar collectors is considered using the game theory approach for multiple objectives. The clear day solar beam radiation and diffuse radiation at the location of the solar collector are estimated. Three objectives are considered in the optimization problem formulation: maximization of the annual average incident solar energy, maximization of the lowest month incident solar energy and minimization of the cost. The game theory solution represents the best compromise in terms of the supercriterion selected. Because some design parameters such as solar constant, altitude, typical day of each month and most of the design variables are not precisely known, a probabilistic approach is also proposed in this work. The results obtained by the determinist and probabilistic approaches are compared. It is found that the absolute value of each objective function decreases with an increase in either the probability of constraint satisfaction or the coefficient of variation of the random variables. This work represents the first work aimed at the application of multi-objective optimization strategy, particularly the game theory approach, for the solution of the solar collector design problem.
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Modrek, Mohamad, i Ali Al-Alili. "Experimental Investigation of a Flat Plate Photovoltaic/Thermal Collector". W ASME 2018 12th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2018 Power Conference and the ASME 2018 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2018-7223.

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Photovoltaic thermal collectors (PVT) combines technologies of photovoltaic panels and solar thermal collectors into a hybrid system by attaching an absorber to the back surface of a PV panel. PVT collectors have gained a lot of attention recently due to the high energy output per unit area compared to a standalone system of PV panels and solar thermal collectors. In this study, performance of a liquid cooled flat PVT collector under the climatic conditions of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates was experimentally investigated. The electrical performances of the PVT collector was compared to that of a standalone PV panel. Moreover, effect of sand accumulation on performance of PVT collectors was examined. Additionally, effect of mass flow rate on thermal and electrical output of PVT collector was studied. Electrical power output is slightly affected by changes in mass flow rate. However, thermal energy increased by 22% with increasing flow rate. Electrical power output of a PV panel was found to be 38% lower compared to electrical output of PVT collectors. Dust accumulation on PVT surface reduced electrical power output up to 7% compared with a reference PVT collector.
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Zambolin, Enrico, Davide Del Col i Andrea Padovan. "Experimental Daily Energy Performance of Flat Plate and Evacuated Tube Solar Collectors". W ASME 2009 3rd International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the Heat Transfer and InterPACK09 Conferences. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2009-90344.

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New comparative tests on different types of solar collectors are presented in this paper. Tests have been performed at the solar energy conversion laboratory of the University of Padova. Two standard glazed flat plate collectors and one evacuated tube collector are installed in parallel; the evacuated collector is a direct flow through type with external CPC (compound parabolic concentrator) reflectors. The present test rig allows to make measurements on the flat plate, on the evacuated collector or on both simultaneously, by simply acting on the valves to modify the circuit. In this paper measurements of the performance of the evacuated tube collector and flat plate collectors working at the same conditions are reported. Efficiency in stationary conditions is measured following the standard EN 12975-2 [1] and it is compared with the input/output curves measured for an entire day. The main purpose of the present work is to characterize and to compare the daily energy performance of the two types of collectors. An effective mean for describing and analyzing the daily performance is the so called input/output diagram, in which the collected solar energy is plotted against the daily incident solar radiation. Test runs have been performed in several conditions to reproduce different conventional uses (hot water, space heating, solar cooling).
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Gonza´lez, Jorge E., i Luis Humberto Alva S. "Solar Air Conditioning Systems With PCM Solar Collectors". W ASME Solar 2002: International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sed2002-1040.

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This paper investigates the technical feasibility of using a compact, air-cooled, solar absorption air conditioning system when coupled to an innovative array of solar collectors. The particular absorption system of study is a single effect that uses lithium bromide and water as the absorbent and refrigerant fluid pair. The geographical location of interest is Puerto Rico and similar subtropical regions. The heat input to the absorption system generator is provided by an array of novels flat plate solar collectors that integrate the thermal storage component into them. The proposed collectors have a phase change material (PCM) integrated into them as a storage mechanism. The PCM-integrated solar collector eliminates the need of conventional storage tanks reducing cost and space. The present work uses a paraffin-graphite composite as the PCM to increase the conductivity of the PC matrix. The paraffin’s melting point is around 89°C that is appropriate for use in absorption systems. The mathematical model that describes the thermal process in the PCM is presented and differs from the analysis of conventional flat plate solar collectors. The proposed model for the PCM considers the temporal changes but not the spatial variations. The resulting set of equations for the fluid flow, the PCM, and the collector’s surface are solved simultaneously. Results for the collectors’ thermal performance are presented along with the effects of the composition of the PCM material. The thermal performance of an absorption machine coupled to an array of the proposed PCM’s solar collectors was investigated for nominal cooling capacities of 10.5, 14, and 17.5 kW. These cooling loads are suitable for a typical house or a small business building in Caribbean Islands. Computer simulations were conducted to evaluate the overall system’s performance when subjected to dynamic cooling loads. Within the computer model, heat and mass balances are conducted on each component of the system, including the solar collectors, the air-cooled condenser, and the air-cooled absorber. Comparisons are made with an absorption air conditioning system that uses a cooling tower with conventional flat plate collectors instead of air-cooled and PCM components. Useful information about physical dimensions of collectors, number of collectors needed, and efficiency of the overall system is presented.
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Maha, Benhamad, Snoussi Ali i Ben Brahim Ammar. "Thermodynamic optimization of flat plate solar collectors". W 2014 5th International Renewable Energy Congress (IREC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/irec.2014.6826985.

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Kulkarni, P. A., S. P. Sabnis i R. Sarangi. "Recent investigations in solar flat plate collectors". W 2015 International Conference on Technologies for Sustainable Development (ICTSD). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ictsd.2015.7095913.

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Saleh, Ahmad M., Donald W. Mueller i Hosni I. Abu-Mulaweh. "Flat-Plate Solar Collector in Transient Operation: Modeling and Measurements". W ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-62377.

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Solar energy is a viable alternative to limited fossil fuel resources. One of the simplest and most direct applications of this energy is the conversion of solar radiation into thermal energy with a flat-plate solar collector which can be used in water-heating systems. This paper presents a mathematical model for simulating the transient processes which occur in liquid flat-plate solar collectors. A discrete nodal model that represents the flat-plate solar collector’s layers and the storage tank is employed. The model is based on solving a system of coupled differential equations which describe the energy conservation for the glass cover, air gap, absorber, fluid, insulation, and the storage tank. Inputs to the model include the time-varying liquid flow rate, incident solar radiation, and ambient air temperature, as well as the volume of liquid in the storage tank and initial temperature of the solar collector and tank. The system of differential equations is solved iteratively using an implicit, finite-difference formulation executed with MATLAB software. In order to verify the proposed method, an experiment was designed and conducted on different days with variable ambient conditions and flow rates. The comparison between the time-varying computed and measured fluid temperature at the collector outlet shows good agreement. The proposed method is extremely general and flexible accounting for variable ambient conditions and flow rates, as well as allowing for a geometrical and thermophysical description of all essential components of the solar collector system, including the storage tank. The validated and verified, general model is suitable to investigate the effectiveness of various components without the necessity of carrying out experimental work, and the flexible computational scheme is useful for transient simulations of energy systems.
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Sharma, Yagnesh N., Manjunath M. Shivamallaiah i Vasudeva K. Karanth. "Three Dimensional CFD Simulation of Thermosyphon Flow in an Unglazed Solar Flat Plate Collector". W ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-64090.

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Thermosyphon unglazed solar flat plate collectors have been widely used all over the world to harness solar energy for generating hot water for various applications. This is mainly due to the passive nature of the system besides being simple in design. However, flat plate collectors are associated with higher heat losses from the surface leading to lower thermal performance. Hence, there is a dire need to optimize the thermal design aspects of the flat plate collector in order to achieve higher thermal performance. In this paper, the results of a full three dimensional CFD simulation of thermosyphon flow in an unglazed solar flat plate collector are presented. It is observed from the parametric study that there are interesting trends for the temperature distribution of the absorber plate and loop water for various simulated solar heat flux inputs. This analysis also brings out the effect of various simulated heat fluxes on the mass flow rates in the collector loop. The results of this CFD simulation study provide an insight into the behavior of the thermosyphon solar flat plate collector under various operating conditions and hence will be further helpful to undertake optimization for enhanced thermal performance of the collector.
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Tosi, Andrea, Lidia Roca, Juan D. Gil, Antonio Visioli i Manuel Berenguel. "Multivariable controller for stationary flat plate solar collectors*". W 2018 7th International Conference on Systems and Control (ICSC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icosc.2018.8587808.

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Bettayeb, Maamar, Mahmoud Nabag i Muhammad Ali Al-Radhawi. "Reduced order models for flat-plate solar collectors". W 2011 IEEE GCC Conference and Exhibition (GCC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ieeegcc.2011.5752549.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "SOLAR FLAT PLATE COLLECTORS"

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Dunlap, M. A., W. Marion i S. Wilcox. Solar radiation data manual for flat-plate and concentrating collectors. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), sierpień 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10169141.

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Kong, Weiqiang, Simon Furbo i Jianhua Fan. Simulation and design of collector array units within large systems. IEA SHC Task 55, październik 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18777/ieashc-task55-2019-0005.

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Solar collectors are the core components of solar district heating plants. Annual solar heat yield of solar heating plants on average is around 400-500 kWh/m2 in Denmark. Most solar collectors in the large solar district heating plants in Denmark are ground-mounted flat plate collectors. Arcon-Sunmark A/S is the main manufacturer of the large flat plate collectors for district heating in Denmark. Arcon-Sunmark A/S has installed more than 80% of the world’s large solar heating plants connected to district heating networks.
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Fan, Jianhua, Weiqiang Kong i Simon Furbo. Simulation and design of collector array units within large systems. IEA SHC Task 55, październik 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18777/ieashc-task55-2019-0006.

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By the end of 2017, solar heating plants with a total surface of more than 1.3 million m2 were in operation in Denmark. Most solar collectors in the existing solar heating plants are typically flat plate collectors (FPC).
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Rockenbaugh, Caleb, Jesse Dean, David Lovullo, Lars Lisell, Greg Barker, Ed Hanckock i Paul Norton. High Performance Flat Plate Solar Thermal Collector Evaluation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), wrzesień 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1326887.

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Emrich, Carol, i Roy Coffman. Evaluation of Transparent Insulation Materials in Flat Plate Collectors. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), grudzień 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1577037.

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Adcock, J., i R. Knecht. Flat-plate solar array project: Government and industry responding to national needs. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), wrzesień 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6675214.

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Reiter, Christoph. IEA-SHC Task 39 INFO Sheet B9 - Thermal loads at components of state-of-the-art flat-plate collectors. IEA Solar Heating and Cooling Programme, maj 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18777/ieashc-task39-2015-0030.

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