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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Soils – Testing”

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Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 31 stycznia 2023

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1

Rogers, Christopher W., Biswanath Dari i April Leytem. "Soil phosphorus testing on alkaline calcareous soils". Crops & Soils 52, nr 5 (wrzesień 2019): 36–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/cs2019.52.0510.

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Pahlevi Munirwan, Reza, i Munirwansyah Munirwansyah. "Assessing slope failure of soil erodibility problem by soil dispersive identification". E3S Web of Conferences 340 (2022): 01006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202234001006.

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Dispersive soils are becoming a common building material. Due to their susceptibility to internal erosion and leakage, dispersive soils should only be used in combination with precise engineering measures to avoid catastrophic failures. Dispersive soils stabilization is critical and has been investigated in several studies conducted throughout the world. Erosion is a significant issue in structures built on sloping contours. As was the case with St. 670+250 Lipat Kajang road in Aceh Singkil. Soil erosion happens as a result of water’s dispersion and transport force. Dispersive soil is one of the factors that contribute to an increase in the soil erodibility index. The objective of this research is to develop a method for enhancing the soil’s dispersive qualities. In this investigation, specimens were prepared in three different soil mix plans (10%, 20%, and 30%) and then tested using a pinhole. The quantity of erodibility that happens in Sta. 670 + 250 Lipat Kajang - Aceh Singkil Regency is based on the results of testing the soil's dispersive properties because the soil in this area is highly dispersive.

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3

Hoyos, Laureano R., Lyesse Laloui i Roberto Vassallo. "Mechanical Testing in Unsaturated Soils". Geotechnical and Geological Engineering 26, nr 6 (30.04.2008): 675–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10706-008-9200-9.

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4

Peth, S., J. Rostek, A. Zink, A. Mordhorst i R. Horn. "Soil testing of dynamic deformation processes of arable soils". Soil and Tillage Research 106, nr 2 (styczeń 2010): 317–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2009.10.007.

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5

Mylavarapu, R. S. "Diagnostic Nutrient Testing". HortTechnology 20, nr 1 (luty 2010): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.20.1.19.

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Recommendations made for nutrient applications have traditionally focused on economic yield and quality. However, present-day testing procedures and recommendations are required to simultaneously ensure economical and environmental sustainability of agricultural production systems. A soil test is a calibrated index relating crop response to applied nutrients. Any application rate devoid of an economical response in yield or quality is deemed unnecessary. Therefore, a soil test becomes the first step in any nutrient best management practice (BMP) development, implementation, and monitoring activity. Certain significant areas in Florida, such as calcareous soils, require development of calibrated soil tests rather urgently. Nutrient sufficiency of perennial crops and deficiency diagnostics can be gauged through in-season plant tissue testing. Nutrient delivery for correcting the deficiency through foliar sprays is not always effective, and may require multiple applications. Spectral reflectance methods show significant promise as an alternative to traditional wet chemistry analyses with regard to ease, costs, and speed with wider range of applications, including natural resources. Additional research is needed to develop this technology for field-scale applications. Current research is focusing on environmental nutrient management to include nutrient sources, application rates and timing, nutrient uptake efficiency, retention capacity of soils, estimating and minimizing nutrient losses to the environment, etc. Nutrient loss assessments tools such as the Florida phosphorus (P) index and bahia (Paspalum notatum) and citrus (Citrus spp.) tests for P are now being made possible in Florida through integration of soil and tissue testing methods. Development and improvements of such analytical methods and tools specific to Florida to include other nutrients, heavy metals, soil capacity, and ecosensitive regions, is vital to ensure sustainability to the state's tourism, agriculture, and urban-rural balance.

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6

Konrad, J. M. "Piezo-friction-cone penetrometer testing in soft clays". Canadian Geotechnical Journal 24, nr 4 (1.11.1987): 645–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t87-078.

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A comprehensive in situ testing program using a 50-kN electric piezo-friction-cone penetrometer was carried out at three different sites in soft marine clays. In these soils, the measured penetration resistance and friction are less than 4% of the full design capacity of the load cells. Although the strain gauges are temperature compensated, the importance of temperature effects in these soil conditions is demonstrated. The paper outlines a testing procedure to minimize the errors associated with zero shift in cone testing and to obtain meaningful data in weak soils with 50-kN penetrometers.Pore-water pressure measurements along the shaft are essential to evaluate the in situ test results in soft soils. Pore pressure distribution along the shaft is dependent on soil type, and measurements should be made at both ends of the friction sleeve for complete soil characterization.Friction along the shaft is not uniform and is negligible over an initial length of about 2 cone diameters in soft clays. Key words: soft clays, pore pressure, friction, tip resistance, in situ testing.

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7

KISH, L. B., C. L. S. MORGAN i A. SZ KISHNÉ. "VIBRATION-INDUCED CONDUCTIVITY FLUCTUATION (VICOF) TESTING OF SOILS". Fluctuation and Noise Letters 06, nr 04 (grudzień 2006): L359—L365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219477506003501.

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In this Letter, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a simple method to provide additional information on the electro-mechanical properties of soils by electrical conductivity measurements. The AC electrical conductance of the soil is measured while it is exposed to a periodic vibration. The vibration-induced density fluctuation implies a corresponding conductivity fluctuation that can be seen as combination frequency components, the sum and the difference of the mean AC frequency and the double of vibration frequency, in the current response. The method is demonstrated by measurements on clayey and sandy soils.

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8

Hart, M. R., i P. S. Cornish. "Soil Sample Depth in Pasture Soils for Environmental Soil Phosphorus Testing". Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 42, nr 1 (7.12.2010): 100–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2011.528492.

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9

Parsons, Robert L., i Justin P. Milburn. "Engineering Behavior of Stabilized Soils". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1837, nr 1 (styczeń 2003): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1837-03.

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Stabilization of soils is an effective method for improving soil properties and pavement system performance. For many soils, more than one stabilization agent may be effective, and financial considerations or availability may be the determining factor on which to use. A series of tests was conducted to evaluate the relative performance of lime, cement, Class C fly ash, and an enzymatic stabilizer. These products were combined with a total of seven different soils with Unified Soil Classification System classifications of CH, CL, ML, and SM. Durability testing procedures included freeze–thaw, wet–dry, and leach testing. Atterberg limits and strength tests also were conducted before and after selected durability tests. Changes in pH were monitored during leaching. Relative values of soil stiffness were tracked over a 28-day curing period using the soil stiffness gauge. Lime- and cement-stabilized soils showed the most improvement in soil performance for multiple soils, with fly ash–treated soils showing substantial improvement. The results showed that for many soils, more than one stabilization option may be effective for the construction of durable subgrades. The enzymatic stabilizer did not perform as well as the other stabilization alternatives.

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10

Feng, W., M. Xu, M. Fan, S. S. Malhi, J. J. Schoenau, J. Six i A. F. Plante. "Testing for soil carbon saturation behavior in agricultural soils receiving long-term manure amendments". Canadian Journal of Soil Science 94, nr 3 (sierpień 2014): 281–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss2013-012.

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Feng, W., Xu, M., Fan, M., Malhi, S. S., Schoenau, J. J., Six, J. and Plante, A. F. 2014. Testing for soil carbon saturation behavior in agricultural soils receiving long-term manure amendments. Can. J. Soil Sci. 94: 281–294. Agricultural soils are typically depleted in soil organic matter compared with their undisturbed counterparts, thus reducing their fertility. Organic amendments, particularly manures, provide the opportunity to restore soil organic matter stocks, improve soil fertility and potentially sequester atmospheric carbon (C). The application of the soil C saturation theory can help identify soils with large C storage potentials. The goal of this study was to test whether soil C saturation can be observed in various soil types in agricultural ecosystems receiving long-term manure amendments. Seven long-term agricultural field experiments from China and Canada were selected for this study. Manure amendments increased C concentrations in bulk soil, particulate organic matter+sand, and silt+clay fractions in all the experiments. The increase in C concentrations of silt+clay did not fit the asymptotic regression as a function of C inputs better than the linear regression, indicating that silt+clay did not exhibit C saturation behavior. However, 44% of calculated C loading values for silt+clay were greater than the presumed maximal C loading, suggesting that this maximum may be greater than 1 mg C m−2 for many soils. The influences of soil mineral surface properties on C concentrations of silt+clay fractions were site specific. Fine soil particles did not exhibit C saturation behavior likely because current C inputs were insufficient to fill the large C saturation deficits of intensely cultivated soils, suggesting these soils may continue to act as sinks for atmospheric C.

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11

Saye, Steven R., Bryan P. Kumm i Alan J. Lutenegger. "Estimating overconsolidation ratio (OCR) in structured and unstructured cohesive soil with field vane tests referencing soil index properties". Canadian Geotechnical Journal 58, nr 1 (styczeń 2021): 125–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2019-0414.

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Estimation of the preconsolidation stress and overconsolidation ratio (OCR) in uniform cohesive soils using a field vane is variably impacted by the combined effects of soil type and plasticity, geologic history, structured vs. unstructured behavior, and the presence of sand or organic matter. Published empirical correlations for cohesive soils consider the effects of soil type and plasticity, but significant variability can occur with changes in soil structure and organic matter content for specific instances. The adaption of the “stress history and normalized soil engineering properties” (SHANSEP) format improves the characterization of overconsolidated soils using field vane tests by applying a proposed empirical approach to identify structured soils from unstructured soils and updating the SHANSEP-based approach to separately evaluate structured and unstructured soils. Validation of the correlation coefficients for individual projects will be needed as the approach is applied to new geologic materials and with potentially different field vane equipment and laboratory testing procedures used to characterize the soils. This additional testing provides an opportunity to improve the correlations for specific conditions and reduce the variability in the OCR assessments.

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12

Zheng, Z. M., T. Q. Zhang, C. Kessel, C. S. Tan, I. P. O'Halloran, Y. T. Wang, D. Speranzini i L. L. Van Eerd. "Approximating Phosphorus Leaching from Agricultural Organic Soils by Soil Testing". Journal of Environmental Quality 44, nr 6 (listopad 2015): 1871–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2015.05.0211.

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13

Davison, L. R., i J. H. Atkinson. "Continuous loading oedometer testing of soils". Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology 23, nr 4 (listopad 1990): 347–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.qjeg.1990.023.04.09.

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14

Boghrat, Alireza. "Dilatometer Testing in Highly Overconsolidated Soils". Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 113, nr 5 (maj 1987): 516–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9410(1987)113:5(516).

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15

Sapek, Andrzej, i Barbara Sapek. "Testing of grassland soils in Poland". Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 23, nr 17-20 (listopad 1992): 2165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00103629209368732.

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16

A. R. Womac, F. D. Tompkins i E. C. Drumm. "Resonant Column Testing of Agricultural Soils". Transactions of the ASAE 31, nr 5 (1988): 1326–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.30865.

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17

Knodel, PC, A. Drescher, I. Vardoulakis i C. Han. "A Biaxial Apparatus for Testing Soils". Geotechnical Testing Journal 13, nr 3 (1990): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/gtj10161j.

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18

Chaney, RC, KR Demars, H. Rahardjo i DG Fredlund. "Consolidation Apparatus for Testing Unsaturated Soils". Geotechnical Testing Journal 19, nr 4 (1996): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/gtj10712j.

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19

Chaney, RC, KR Demars, TD Smith i KM Rollins. "Pressuremeter Testing in Arid Collapsible Soils". Geotechnical Testing Journal 20, nr 1 (1997): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/gtj11416j.

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20

Miller, Gerald A., Norman K. Tan, Rodney W. Collins i Kanthasamy K. Muraleetharan. "Cone penetration testing in unsaturated soils". Transportation Geotechnics 17 (grudzień 2018): 85–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trgeo.2018.09.008.

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21

Boyle, Michael. "ES Views: Radon testing of soils". Environmental Science & Technology 22, nr 12 (grudzień 1988): 1397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00177a600.

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22

Masrouri, Farimah, Kátia V. Bicalho i Katsuyuki Kawai. "Laboratory Hydraulic Testing in Unsaturated Soils". Geotechnical and Geological Engineering 26, nr 6 (23.05.2008): 691–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10706-008-9202-7.

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23

Wulfsohn, Dvoralai, Bankole A. Adams i Delwyn G. Fredlund. "Triaxial Testing of Unsaturated Agricultural Soils". Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research 69, nr 4 (kwiecień 1998): 317–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jaer.1997.0251.

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24

Mindiastiwi, Tigo, Po-Kai Wu, Agus Bambang Siswanto i Mukhamad Afif Salim. "Triaxial Testing on Geogrid-reinforced Granular Soils". IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1200, nr 1 (1.11.2021): 012030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1200/1/012030.

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Abstract Laboratory triaxial compression tests were carried out to investigate the mechanical behavior of dense sand and geogrid-reinforced granular soils. The tested sand having its mean particle size (D50) equal to 0.6 mm was adopted. Three geogrids with different longitudinal and transverse nominal strengths were used. The dimensions of the cylindrical soil specimen were 70 mm (diameter) × 160 mm (height). The relative density was equal to 70% for all tests. The reinforced sand specimens with one or two geogrid layers were sheared under effective confining pressures (σ′3) equal to 50 kPa. The test results of unreinforced sand indicate the general stress-strain behavior of dense sand when sheared, whereas the deviatoric stress reaches its peak value, after which it gradually decreases to ultimate value (σ1 - σ3)ult. The difference of effective confining pressure indicates that the peak of deviatoric stress Δσd = (σ1 - σ3) increases with the increase in effective confining pressure (σ′3), while the peak principal stress ratio (σ′1/σ′3) decreases with the increase (σ′3). The friction angle (ϕ′)and cohesion (c′), defined by analytical and graphical methods for unreinforced sand. Geogrid as reinforcement increasing peak shear strength. The increasing peak shear strength is more pronounced with a higher number of geogrid and the geogrid with higher stiffness. Increased in confining stress inside reinforced soil mass (Δσ3R) can be interpreted by cohesive reinforced soil (CR).

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25

Gago, Filip, Jozef Vlcek, Veronika Valaskova i Zuzana Florkova. "Laboratory Testing of Kinetic Sand as a Reference Material for Physical Modelling of Cone Penetration Test with the Possibility of Artificial Neural Network Application". Materials 15, nr 9 (4.05.2022): 3285. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15093285.

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Cone Penetration Testing (CPT) is a quick survey in situ method through which soil parameters are not determined directly, but have to be estimated using derived relations between required soil parameter and soil resistance at the testing probe. Boundary conditions affect the reliability of the estimated soil parameters, therefore controlled laboratory conditions were applied to the intended CPT procedure analysis. Density, pycnometry, oedometer and direct shear tests of kinetic sand were performed to prove its usability as a reference testing material for further CPT laboratory analysis. The results of testing the kinetic sand are presented in this paper. Executed tests proved the kinetic sand as a reliable material in terms of the homogeneity and consistency of its physical and mechanical parameters. The material is utilizable as a substitution of cohesive sandy soils in physical modeling without the negative impact of the consistency-dependent behavior of fine-grained soils. However, some differences in parameters with respect to the natural soils should be taken into account. Neural network theory and numerical approach will be applied to the intended CPT laboratory analysis under controlled boundary conditions using kinetic sand to evaluate its potential for the determination of soil parameters.

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26

Al Houri, Ausamah, Ahed Habib, Ahmed Elzokra i Maan Habib. "Tensile Testing of Soils: History, Equipment and Methodologies". Civil Engineering Journal 6, nr 3 (1.03.2020): 591–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2020-03091494.

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Tensile strength of soil is indeed one of the important parameters to many civil engineering applications. It is related to wide range of cracks specially in places such as slops, embankment dams, retaining walls or landfills. Despite of the fact that tensile strength is usually presumed to be zero or negligible, its effect on the erosion and cracks development in soil is significant. Thus, to study the tensile strength and behavior of soil several techniques and devices were introduced. These testing methods are classified into direct and indirect ways depending on the loading conditions. The direct techniques including c-shaped mold and 8-shaped mold are in general complicated tests and require high accuracy as they are based on applying a uniaxial tension load directly to the specimen. On the other hand, the indirect tensile tests such as the Brazilian, flexure beam, double punch and hollow cylinder tests provide easy ways to assess the tensile strength of soil under controlled conditions. Although there are many studies in this topic the current state of the art lack of a detailed article that reviews these methodologies. Therefore, this paper is intended to summarize and compare available tests for investigating the tensile behavior of soils.

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27

Tiwari, Rakesh, Prabha Shankar Tiwari i Ashok Singh. "Nutrient status of wheat growing soils in Meerut district of Uttar Pradesh". AN ASIAN JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE 15, nr 1 (15.06.2020): 65–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/ajss/15.1/65-67.

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A study was conducted on nutrient status of wheat growing soils in district Meerut Uttar Pradesh. The study was conducted in soil testing laboratory of Krishi Vigyan Kendra Meerut and soils were collected from farmer’s field in the year 2017-18 and 2018-19. The analysis of soil samples shows that most of the soils of Meerut district are low to medium in organic carbon (0.41%), low in available nitrogen (210 kg/ha), medium in available phosphorus (13.55 kg/ha) and potash (195 kg/ha) and there is a need for a close monitoring of nutrient management and application of the fertilizer recommendations on the basic of STB (soil testing based) to enhance the wheat productivity.

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28

Li, Lin, Xiong Zhang, Gang Chen i Robert Lytton. "Measuring unsaturated soil deformations during triaxial testing using a photogrammetry-based method". Canadian Geotechnical Journal 53, nr 3 (marzec 2016): 472–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2015-0038.

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When characterizing an unsaturated soil using the triaxial test apparatus, it is required to measure the soil deformation during loading. Recently, a photogrammetry-based method has been developed for total and localized volume change measurements on unsaturated soils during triaxial testing. In this study, more in-depth discussions on the photogrammetry-based method are addressed, such as system setup, the measurement procedure, accuracy self-check, data post-processing, and differences from conventional image-based methods. Also, an application of the photogrammetry-based method on unsaturated soil deformation measurements is presented through a series of undrained triaxial tests with different loading paths. After testing, three-dimensional (3D) models of the tested soils at different loading steps were constructed based on the 3D coordinates of measurement targets on the soil surface. Clear barreling processes for soils during deviatoric loading were observed through the constructed 3D models at different axial strain levels. Soil volume changes and volumetric strain nonuniformities during isotropic and deviatoric loadings were extracted based upon detailed analyses of different soil layers. Through a full-field strain distribution analysis, a shear band evolution process was captured for the soil during deviatoric loading at a low confining stress. The photogrammetry-based method proved to be very powerful for in-depth soil deformation characteristics investigation.

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29

Idris, S., A. Rilwan, S. A. Abubakar, M. Adamu, Y. Sadiq i F. Abubakar. "Testing the accuracy of Soil Testing Kit® Transchem". Agro-Science 21, nr 1 (30.12.2021): 114–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/as.v21i1.17.

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Soil testing is key to soil fertility management as it serves as a fertilizer application guide to farmers, scientists and consultants. It gives information on soil nutrient status and its supplying capacity. Laboratory (LB) procedures have been the most reliable approach for soil nutrients analyses. However, it is costly and nonpoint. Thus, the use of in–situ testing kit emerges and becomes prominent. Notwithstanding, applicability of soil testing kit must be validated by laboratory test. This work aimed to examine the reliability/suitability of Soil Testing Kit® Transchem (SK) in determining selected soil nutrients in Sahel Savannah, Nigeria. Twentyfive replicate soil samples were collected from 12°47’86’’-12°20’96’’N and 4°38’37’’-4°188’02’’E, Kebbi State Nigeria and used to test soil pH, N, P, K and soil organic carbon (SOC) by SK and LB. The SK uses colour chart and comparator for rating nutrients status qualitatively into; low, medium and high and up to very high for P. The LB results were transformed to qualitative data by corresponding the values with soil rating standardinto low, medium and high. To perform statistics, weighting was done by assigning weight load to each category; low = 1, medium = 2 and high = 3. The two methods were compared using t-test, regression and descriptive analyses. Results showed non-significant difference between the two methods for soil contents of N, P and K. However, SK poorly estimated soil pH and SOC. Correlation and regression coefficients (r = 0.915 and R2 = 0.838, respectively) indicated reliability of the SK. It is concluded that SK can be reliably used for N, P, and K but not soil pH and SOC estimation for soils in Sahel savannah of Nigeria.

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Georgiadis, Anna, Daniela Sauer, Ludger Herrmann, Jörn Breuer, Mehdi Zarei i Karl Stahr. "Testing a new method for sequential silicon extraction on soils of a temperate–humid climate". Soil Research 52, nr 7 (2014): 645. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr14016.

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The importance of silicon (Si) compounds in agriculture and geochemical cycles has received increasing attention over the last decade; however, quantitative data on non-crystalline pedogenic Si phases in soils are still rare. Recently, the authors developed a method for sequential Si extraction from soils, in order to improve the quantification of different Si compounds in soils. The method has been tested on samples of known composition. Here, the method is applied for the first time to complete soil profiles. Six different soil types from south-west Germany that have developed since the end of the last glacial period were selected. Most of the Si in these soils was bound in primary and secondary silicates. In mineral soil horizons, the second-highest proportion of Si was in precipitates of amorphous silica (minerogenic amorphous silica), whereas in some O horizons, the second-most important Si fraction was in biogenic amorphous silica. Topsoil horizons and clayey subsoil horizons of a Luvisol and a Stagnosol especially accumulate amorphous silica. Silicon from bio-opal contributed up to 14% to the total Si in Oa horizons of the studied soils. The smallest amounts of Si were found in the mobile and adsorbed Si fractions. Some methodological limitations are identified and discussed; however, the new sequential method of Si extraction enabled separation of different Si fractions in typical soils of a temperate–humid climate.

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31

Hoyos, Laureano, Roya Davoodi-Bilesavar, Ujwalkumar Patil, Jairo Yepes-Heredia, Diego Pérez-Ruiz i José Cruz. "Behavior of unsaturated cohesive-frictional soils over a whole range of suction/thermo-controlled stress paths and modes of deformation". Soils and Rocks 44, nr 3 (20.07.2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.28927/sr.2021.066621.

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The present work documents some of the most recent experimental evidence of the thermohydro-mechanical behavior of compacted soils over a whole range of suction- and/or thermo-controlled stress paths and modes of deformation, including data from a series of triaxial, true triaxial, plane strain, ring shear, and resonant column tests conducted on different types of cohesive-frictional soils in the low-to-medium matric suction range under either room temperature or thermally controlled conditions. The work has been accomplished at the Advanced Geomechanics Laboratory of the University of Texas at Arlington, focusing primarily on the following essential features of unsaturated soil behavior: (1) Loading-collapse and apparent tensile strength loci assessed from suction-controlled triaxial and true triaxial testing on clayey sand, (2) Critical state lines from suction-controlled plane strain testing on silty soil, (3) Peak and residual failure envelopes from suction-controlled ring shear testing on clayey soil, (4) Frequency response curves and cyclic stress-strain hysteretic loops from thermo-controlled, constant-water content resonant column testing on clayey soil, and (5) Residual failure envelopes from suction/thermo-controlled ring shear testing on clayey soil. The work is intended to serve as a succinct yet reasonably thorough state-of-the-art paper contribution to PanAm-UNSAT 2021: Third Pan-American Conference on Unsaturated Soils, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, July 21-25, 2021.

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32

de Kreij, C., i G. Wever. "Proficiency Testing of Growing Media, Soil Improvers, Soils, and Nutrient Solutions". Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 36, nr 1-3 (styczeń 2005): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/css-200042971.

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Hochmuth, George, i Ed Hanlon. "WATERMELON RESPONSES TO MEHLICH-I-PREDICTED PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZER PROGRAMS". HortScience 25, nr 9 (wrzesień 1990): 1130a—1130. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1130a.

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Vegetable P fertilization recommendations in Florida are based on a soil test using the Mehlich-I (double-acid) extractant. For several Florida vegetables, including watermelon, there is a lack of crop correlation and extractant calibration data. Phosphorus fertilizer studies were conducted on sites with soils ranging in Mehlich-I P indices from 4 to 30 mg·kg-1. There was a quadratic yield response on soils testing 4 mg·kg-1 P with yield maximizing at about 70 kg·ha-1 fertilizer P. Watermelon did not respond to P additions on soils testing greater than 30 mg·kg-1 of Mehlich-I P.

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SEMBLAT∗, J. F., i M. P. LUONG†. "WAVE PROPAGATION THROUGH SOILS IN CENTRIFUGE TESTING". Journal of Earthquake Engineering 2, nr 1 (styczeń 1998): 147–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13632469809350317.

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Drnevich, VP, KJ Gan i DG Fredlund. "Multistage Direct Shear Testing of Unsaturated Soils". Geotechnical Testing Journal 11, nr 2 (1988): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/gtj10959j.

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David Suits, L., TC Sheahan, Z. Cabarkapa i T. Cuccovillo. "Automated Triaxial Apparatus for Testing Unsaturated Soils". Geotechnical Testing Journal 29, nr 1 (2006): 12310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/gtj12310.

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Bartake, P., A. Patel i D. Singh. "Instrumentation for bender element testing of soils". International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 2, nr 4 (październik 2008): 395–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.3328/ijge.2008.02.04.395-405.

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Trofimenkov, Yu G. "International recommendations on penetration testing of soils". Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering 27, nr 3 (maj 1990): 119–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02306669.

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Chang, Muhsiung, i Ren-Chung Huang. "Observations of hydraulic fracturing in soils through field testing and numerical simulations". Canadian Geotechnical Journal 53, nr 2 (luty 2016): 343–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2015-0193.

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Hydraulic fracturing is a potential cause of leakage of earth dams or loss of fluid in drilling and field permeability testing. The effect of hydraulic fracturing on soil grouting is also a major concern. Although hydraulic fracturing has been adopted for decades by the petroleum industry for oil recovery in rock formations, studies on fracturing in soils are relatively few and inconclusive. The aim of this study is to provide further insight into the mechanism of hydrofracturing in soils through a field grouting trial and numerical simulation. We observe hydraulic fracturing in soils during this field trial as predicted by generally accepted groutability requirements. The hydraulic fractures are found vertically developed up to the ground surface. Numerical simulations show the hydraulic fracturing is easier to be initiated in anisotropic stress conditions, where the minor principal stress is the key factor. Numerical simulations also demonstrate significant compressions and shears during injection, suggesting the mechanism of fracturing in soils would be a shearing type. Based on this study, we propose a punching and splitting mode for the hydrofracturing in soils. The equation associated with estimating fracturing pressure is verified, and the results are found to be in good agreement with the cases examined.

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Rubio, Eduardo, María del Socorro Rubio-Alfaro i Martín Hernández-Marín. "Wetting Front Velocity Determination in Soil Infiltration Processes: An Experimental Sensitivity Analysis". Agronomy 12, nr 5 (10.05.2022): 1155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12051155.

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An experimental approach for measuring the wetting front velocity in soils during water infiltration processes is presented. This experimental research is developed to test the sensitivity of the measurement technique in the detection of differences in the dynamics of the wetting front advancement in different soil testing scenarios. Experimental scenarios include undisturbed and artificially compacted soils, square and circular cross-sections of soil samples, water flowing in both directions downward and horizontal, and water infiltration in a block soil sample. The measurement technique is based on wetting front detection employing moisture sensors that measure the soil’s electrical conductivity. The technique was able to detect differences in wetting front in contrasting scenarios. Two-dimensional wetting front advancement experiments carried out on a block sample confirmed the results obtained for the one-dimensional case.

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Wang, Q., D. E. Pufahl i D. G. Fredlund. "A study of critical state on an unsaturated silty soil". Canadian Geotechnical Journal 39, nr 1 (1.02.2002): 213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t01-086.

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Critical state models for unsaturated soils have been proposed in recent years; however, the proposed models have been based on limited experimental data. Compacted specimens have generally been used for research, and the complications of soil fabric resulting from the compaction procedures have brought difficulties into the interpretation of fundamental soil behavior. There is a need to undertake further laboratory research studies on unsaturated soils, particularly to obtain a fundamental understanding of the shear strength and critical state of unsaturated soils by testing soil specimens with simple soil structures. Suction-controlled triaxial drained shear tests on an unsaturated silt were carried out as part of this research program. Specimens were prepared by gradually consolidating the initially slurried soil. The resulting specimens had a relatively simple soil fabric and stress history. The results showed that applying suction to an initially saturated specimen has a similar influence on the stressstrain behavior and critical state characteristics as does increasing its density by applying a higher confining pressure. The critical state lines for the unsaturated soil corresponding to different soil suctions are parallel to those for the saturated soil on the (q : p' ' ), (v : p' ' ), and (vw : p' ' ) planes.Key words: critical state, shear strength, unsaturated soils, volume change, triaxial testing.

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Wroth, C. P. "Field Testing: Interpretation of the Cone Penetration Test". Geological Society, London, Engineering Geology Special Publications 2, nr 1 (1986): 17–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.1986.002.01.05.

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AbstractThe paper criticises the time it took to produce BS 5930, and its inadequate coverage of in situ testing of soils, both on and offshore. The urgency of correcting these omissions is emphasised. Additional material should not only deal with new equipment and experimental methods, but also take account of recent developments in understanding soil behaviour so that the recommended methods of interpretation are soundly based.

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Benoît, Jean, i John A. Howie. "A View of Pressuremeter Testing in North America". Soils and Rocks 37, nr 3 (1.09.2014): 211–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.28927/sr.373211.

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The pressuremeter was introduced to North America by Ménard in 1957. It consists of a cylindrical probe which is inserted into the ground in a borehole, by self-boring or by pushing, and is expanded against the soil or rock to obtain a pressure-expansion curve. Interpretation methods based on cavity expansion theory applied to realistic models of soil behavior allow derivation of in situ lateral stress, stiffness, strength and volume change characteristics of the material being tested. Since its introduction, the pressuremeter test (PMT) has been a popular topic of research but has not gained wide acceptance in geotechnical engineering site characterization practice which, in North America, is still dominated by the Standard Penetration Test (SPT) and more recently by the piezocone (CPTu). Over the same period, the PMT has become the dominant tool for site investigation and foundation design in France. There, the PMT is used empirically based on a very large amount of load testing and experience. This paper examines the use of the PMT in North American practice, discusses its strengths and weaknesses, identifies trends in its use for site characterization and geotechnical design and identifies possible reasons for its lack of adoption by industry. We conclude that the PMT is not competitive with other techniques such as the CPTu and SPT for general site characterization where such tests are possible but that the PMT offers great potential to provide geotechnical design parameters in problematic materials such as hard, very dense or gravelly soils, residual, saprolitic or lateritic soils, soft and fractured rocks, frozen ground and ice. The PMT also has application in all soils where high consequences of failure require very detailed analysis and design. We also emphasize the need for improvements in the education of geotechnical practitioners on the use of the pressuremeter.

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Xiang, Xian Chao, Guo Sheng Jiang i Chang Qi Zhu. "Testing Study on DJM Pile Composite Foundation under Flexible Load". Advanced Materials Research 168-170 (grudzień 2010): 2513–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.168-170.2513.

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Dry jet mixing (DJM) piles are widely used in silt foundation treatment to improve foundation stability and control post-construction deformation. As the work mechanism of DJM composite foundation is very complex, though many useful calculation theories have achieved, the theoretical study of DJM pile composite foundation is still far behind engineering practice, the settlement and stress calculation precision is unsatisfied. Then it is still necessary to reveal the work mechanism of DJM pile comprehensively. A field test of DJM pile composite road foundation is carried out and many measurement methods are adopt to collect the test information, such as soil pressure sensors, pore pressure sensors, settlement plates, inclinometer tubes, stratified settlement pipes, multi-point displacement meters in piles and so on. Then the surface settlement, internal deformation and stress developing of soils and piles are monitored Real-time. Through in-site test, the settlement and internal deformation of piles and soils, the stress ratio between pile and soil, and the negative friction around pile are studied.

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Spraakman, S., i J. A. P. Drake. "Hydrologic and soil properties of mature bioretention cells in Ontario, Canada". Water Science and Technology 84, nr 12 (25.10.2021): 3541–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2021.464.

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Abstract Bioretention systems, which mimic natural hydrology and reduce volume of stormwater runoff, are a preferred solution for meeting water balance objectives, but lack of knowledge about the long-term performance of these systems hinders their wider adoption. This study was a field survey of mature (>3 years and up to 10 years post-construction) bioretention cells across Ontario, Canada. The survey involved visual inspections, determination of soil physical parameters and soil-water interaction parameters, infiltration capacity testing and synthetic drawdown testing. Results indicate that infiltration capacity remains above the recommended minimum of 25 mm/hr, likely due to high content soils and development of soil structure due to biological factors over time. The drawdown times for three sites ranged from 5 minutes to 6 hours, much less than the maximum allowed drawdown time of 24–48 hours. Ksat (saturated hydraulic conductivity) was only moderately negatively correlated with age, and where data existed on KSat at the beginning of operation, KSat improved for six out of nine sites. Soil-water interaction properties more closely resembled loam soils than sandy soils, which may be due to the development of a soil structure over time. We recommend conducting visual inspections regularly over infiltration capacity testing for quick determination of maintenance needs.

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HAROLL KOKOYE, SÈNAKPON E., CURTIS M. JOLLY, JOSEPH J. MOLNAR, DENNIS A. SHANNON i GOBENA HULUKA. "FARMER WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR SOIL TESTING SERVICES IN NORTHERN HAITI". Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 50, nr 3 (24.05.2018): 429–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aae.2018.4.

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AbstractThe study uses interval regression to investigate factors affecting farmers’ willingness to pay for soil testing services in Northern Haiti. The model reveals that factors such as the type of crops grown, group membership, farmers’ educational level, access to credit, gender, contact with extension services or any institution, type of soils, income level, participation in soil testing program and farm size affect the amount to be paid for soil testing services. These results imply that the training module on soil testing and financial support in form of subsidies or access to credit should be provided to farmers.

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Jayasundara, C., J. Kodikara i A. N. Zhou. "A volumetric yield surface for compacted soils based on constant water content testing". E3S Web of Conferences 92 (2019): 15008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199215008.

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Unsaturated soils exhibit various complex behaviours compared to saturated soils, such as collapse upon wetting. Therefore, understanding the response of unsaturated soils under general field conditions is essential for the design and construction of safe and economical geotechnical engineering structures. This research is based on the Monash-Peradeniya-Kodikara (MPK) framework proposed by Kodikara [1] for unsaturated compacted soils, which provides a direct link to the traditional compaction loaded curves and constant water content loading experiments. Kodikara [1] named the loaded compaction surface the loading wetting state boundary surface (LWSBS) and validated the model for a combination of loading and wetting stress paths. However, the experimental validation of the yield surface after drying stress paths was not addressed in the original paper. This paper reports the results of drying stress path tests carried out within the specific volume (v),specific moisture ratio (vw) and mean net stress (p) space of the MPK model, and observations suggest that the yield surface is unique after drying stress paths. Mathematical equations for the volumetric behaviour of unsaturated soils are derived using the constant degree of saturation hyperlines derived from constant water content testing, as this enables direct coupling with the soil water retention curve. Finally, the volumetric equations are validated based on the available experimental data.

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Zheng, Wen, He He, Lin Xiao i Shixiao Yu. "Testing pathogen host specificity: a reciprocal field experiment in two types of tropical forest on Hainan, China". Journal of Tropical Ecology 29, nr 6 (20.09.2013): 541–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026646741300059x.

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Abstract:The Janzen–Connell hypothesis suggests that highly specific pathogens decrease seedling survival close to the parent plant; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we tested the host specificity of soil pathogens to germinating seeds of Cyclobalanopsis fleuryi and Cryptocarya chinensis in tropical montane rain forest and cloud forest on Hainan, south China. Rhizospheric soils surrounding eight adult trees per species were collected in each forest type and divided into five soil treatments: parent, fungicide-sterilized, autoclave-sterilized, Fusarium-added and Pythium-added soils. Surface-sterilized seeds were sown in each of the five soil treatments and grown in two forest types. The seed germination percentages were significantly higher in sterilized soils (C. fleuryi, 41.5%; C. chinensis, 29.4%) than in non-sterilized soils (C. fleuryi, 28.3%; C. chinensis, 17.1%) in montane rain forest. The seed germination percentages in rhizospheric soil of conspecific parent trees were significantly lower in montane rain forest (C. fleuryi, 17.3%; C. chinensis, 10.5%) than in cloud forest (C. fleuryi, 37.1%; C. chinensis, 21.1%). Our results also suggest that the level of pathogen activity in each tree species varies depending on the environment. Our results support the hypothesis that host-specific pathogens shape tree species composition by differentially affecting seed germination under different environmental conditions.

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Anderson, Donald J., Kevin W. Franke, Robert E. Kayen, Shideh Dashti i Mahir Badanagki. "The Over-Prediction of Seismically Induced Soil Liquefaction during the 2016 Kumamoto, Japan Earthquake Sequence". Geosciences 13, nr 1 (27.12.2022): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences13010007.

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Following the M7.0 strike-slip earthquake near Kumamoto, Japan, in April of 2016, most geotechnical engineering experts believed that there would be significant soil liquefaction and liquefaction-induced infrastructure damage observed in the densely populated city of Kumamoto during the post-event engineering reconnaissance. This belief was driven by several factors including the young geologic environment, alluvially deposited soils, a predominance of loose sandy soils documented in publicly available boring logs throughout the region, and the high intensity ground motions observed from the earthquake. To the surprise of many of the researchers, soil liquefaction occurred both less frequently and less severely than expected. This paper summarizes findings from our field, laboratory, and simplified analytical studies common to engineering practice to assess the lower occurrence of liquefaction. Measured in situ SPT and CPT resistance values were evaluated with current liquefaction triggering procedures. Minimally disturbed samples were subjected to cyclic triaxial testing. Furthermore, an extensive literature review on Kumamoto volcanic soils was performed. Our findings suggest that current liquefaction triggering procedures over-predict liquefaction frequency and effects in alluvially deposited volcanic soils. Volcanic soils were found to possess properties of soil crushability, high fines content, moderate plasticity, and unanticipated organic constituents. Cyclic triaxial tests confirm the high liquefaction resistance of these soils. Moving forward, geotechnical engineers should holistically consider the soil’s mineralogy and geology before relying solely on simplified liquefaction triggering procedures when evaluating volcanic soils for liquefaction.

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Hoyos, Laureano R., Jairo E. Yepes, Claudia L. Velosa i Anand J. Puppala. "Unsaturated Shear Strength of Compacted Clayey Soil via Suction-controlled Ring Shear Testing". E3S Web of Conferences 195 (2020): 03024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019503024.

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An experimental program has been undertaken to assess both peak and residual shear strength parameters of statically compacted, moderate plasticity clayey soil under suction-controlled conditions, resulting in a defined set of suction-dependent peak and residual failure envelopes over a relatively wide range of suction states, from 0 to 300 kPa. The experimental program was accomplished in a servo/suction-controlled ring shear apparatus, which is suitable for testing unsaturated soils under large deformations via the axis-translation technique. Test results substantiate the crucial role that has been observed to be played by the imposed matric suction on the residual shear strength of compacted clayey soils. For the range of net normal stress (0-200 kPa) and matric suction (0-300 kPa) states investigated, the increase in either peak or residual shear strength, with increasing matric suction, was found to be manifestly nonlinear. Furthermore, a distinct correspondence was observed between the nonlinearity of the peak shear strength envelope, with respect to increasing matric suction, and the soil-water retention properties of the clayey soil. Results, in general, suggest that a conceptual residual shear strength framework for unsaturated soils, similar to that postulated for peak shear strength, can eventually be formulated as more experimental evidence of this kind is made available.

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