Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Soil microorganisms”
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Kočárek, M., H. Artikov, K. Voříšek i L. Borůvka. "Pendimethalin degradation in soil and its interaction with soil microorganisms". Soil and Water Research 11, No. 4 (12.10.2016): 213–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/226/2015-swr.
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Moorman, Thomas B. "Populations of EPTC-Degrading Microorganisms in Soils by Accelerated Rates of EPTC Degradation". Weed Science 36, nr 1 (styczeń 1988): 96–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500074518.
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Reduced effectiveness of carbamothioate (thiocarbamate) herbicides in certain soils has been attributed to rapid herbicide degradation by soil microorganisms. Studies were conducted to determine if greater populations of EPTC (S-ethyl dipropyl carbamothioate)-degrading microorganisms were responsible for increased rates of degradation observed following repeated applications of EPTC to a Grenada silt loam soil. EPTC-degrading microorganism populations, measured with a14C-MPN (most-probable-number) technique, were not larger in soils with accelerated rates of EPTC degradation, and degrader populations did not increase after application of 6 mg EPTC/kg of soil. Degrader populations increased after application of 60 mg EPTC/kg of soil only in soil previously treated for 6 yr with EPTC. Increased rates of metabolism of EPTC were apparently responsible for the increased rates of degradation, rather than increased populations of degraders.
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Joshi, Madan M., Hugh M. Brown i James A. Romesser. "Degradation of Chlorsulfuron by Soil Microorganisms". Weed Science 33, nr 6 (listopad 1985): 888–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500083557.
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Degradation of chlorsulfuron {2-chloro-N-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-yl)amino] carbonyl] benzenesulfonamide} in acidic and alkaline soils was evaluated using plant bioassay and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) radiotracer techniques. Soil sterilization with either ethylene oxide (Et0) or gamma irradiation significantly reduced breakdown of chlorsulfuron; the ability for degradation was restored by reinoculation with indigenous soil microorganisms. Streptomyces griseolus (a soil actinomycete), Aspergillus niger, and Penicillium sp. (soil fungi) were demonstrated to degrade 14C-chlorsulfuron in pure culture. In addition to microbial breakdown, chemical hydrolysis was an important factor in the disappearance of chlorsulfuron from soil. The contribution of chemical hydrolysis to total degradation was a function of soil pH, with hydrolysis occurring most rapidly in acidic soils. Both dissipation processes slowed markedly at low temperatures.
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Pedraza, Raúl O., Kátia R. S. Teixeira, Ana Fernández Scavino, Inés García De Salamone, Beatriz E. Baca, Rosario Azcón, Vera L. D. Baldani i Ruth Bonilla. "Microorganismos que mejoran el crecimiento de las plantas y la calidad de los suelos. Revisión". Corpoica Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria 11, nr 2 (29.11.2010): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.21930/rcta.vol11_num2_art:206.
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<p>El presente artículo surge de la revisión de la teoría y temas prácticos desarrollados durante el curso”Caracterización y contribución de las plantas que promueven el crecimiento de microorganismos en la sostenibilidad de la agricultura”, llevado a cabo en el Laboratorio de Microbiología de Suelos de la Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (Corpoica), ubicado en Mosquera (Cundinamarca), Colombia, en julio de 2010. Esta actividad fue desarrollada en el marco de la Red Dimiagri que incluye a investigadores de Argentina, Brasil, Colombia, España, Guatemala, México y Uruguay, reunidos en una acción de coordinación financiada por el Programa Iberoamericano de Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo (Cyted). Los aspectos inherentes al crecimiento y la sanidad vegetal, el sistema radical, el suelo circundante (rizósfera), los microorganismos asociados en ese sistema y su contribución al manejo sustentable del complejo suelo-planta fueron analizados en este trabajo. También se abordan temas como la biodiversidad microbiana y su efecto en la calidad del suelo; el ciclado de nutrientes del suelo por acción microbiológica; la importancia de los microorganismos en la promoción del crecimiento vegetal y su utilización biotecnológica como alternativa para favorecer la sustentabilidad y calidad de los suelos. Además se pretende interiorizar en los conceptos relacionados con el consorcio suelo-planta-microorganismo y el objetivo de mitigar el impacto ambiental negativo causado por el uso excesivo de insumos químicos en los cultivos agrícolas, mediante la utilización de microorganismos promotores del crecimiento vegetal, que incluyen tanto a bacterias como a hongos benéficos asociados con las raíces de las plantas.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Microorganisms that enhance plant growth and soil quality. Review</strong></p><p>The present article of revision arise from theory and practical subjects developed during the course “Characterization and contribution of plant growth-promoting microorganisms in the agricultural sustainability” carried out in the Laboratory of Soil Microbiology of the Colombian Corporation of Agricultural Research (Corpoica) located in Mosquera (Cundinamarca), Colombia, in July 2010. This activity is in the framework of the Dimiagri network that includes researchers from Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Spain, Guatemala, Mexico and Uruguay, gathered in a Coordination Action funded by the Iberoamerican Program of Science and Technology for the Development (Cyted). Aspects inherent to the growth and plant health, root system, the surrounding soil (rhizosphere), microorganisms that system partners and their contribution to sustainable management of soil-plant were analyzed in this work. Topics related to the microbial biodiversity and its effect on soil quality; nutrient cycling in the soil by microbiological activity; the importance of microorganisms in plant growthpromotion and their biotechnological application as an alternative to favor sustainability and soil quality were presented. The aim of this review is to show important concepts related to the soil-plant-microorganism system, which will allow to achieve the general objective: to mitigate the negative environmental impact due to the excessive use of chemical products on agricultural crops by using plant growth-promoting microorganisms, including bacteria and beneficial fungi associated to plant roots.</p>
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Sivojiene, Diana, Audrius Kacergius, Eugenija Baksiene, Aiste Maseviciene i Lina Zickiene. "The Influence of Organic Fertilizers on the Abundance of Soil Microorganism Communities, Agrochemical Indicators, and Yield in East Lithuanian Light Soils". Plants 10, nr 12 (2.12.2021): 2648. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10122648.
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Soil microorganisms are one of the main indicators used for assessing the stability of the soil ecosystem, the metabolism in the soil, and its fertility. The most important are the active soil microorganisms and the influence of the fertilizer applied to the soil on the abundance of these microorganisms. We aimed to investigate how the applied organic fertilizers affect the most active soil microorganisms, which determine the soil fertility and stability. Fungi, yeast-like fungi abundance, and abundance of three physiological groups of bacteria were analyzed: non-symbiotic diazotrophic, organotrophic, and mineral nitrogen assimilating. This study is valuable because relatively few similar studies have been performed on infertile Lithuanian soils. The first results of a long-term study were obtained. The results show the effect of fertilizers on trends in the changes of microorganism community diversity; however, more analysis is needed to assess the impact of organic fertilizers on the most active soil microorganisms. Therefore, the investigation was continued. The results of the 2020 quantitative analysis of culturable soil microorganisms show that the highest abundance of organotrophic and non-symbiotic diazotrophic bacteria were recorded during the summer season. Meanwhile, the abundance of bacteria assimilating mineral nitrogen and fungi was higher in autumn. Agrochemical parameters were determined at the beginning of the experiment. The highest concentration of Nmin in the soil was determined after fertilizing the plants with the combination of granulated poultry manure (N170) + biological substance Azotobacter spp. The yield of barley was calculated. It was found that the highest yield of spring barley in 2020 was obtained by fertilizing the experimental field with organic in combination with mineral fertilizers.
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Schweitzer, Jennifer A., Joseph K. Bailey, Dylan G. Fischer, Carri J. LeRoy, Eric V. Lonsdorf, Thomas G. Whitham i Stephen C. Hart. "PLANT–SOIL–MICROORGANISM INTERACTIONS: HERITABLE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PLANT GENOTYPE AND ASSOCIATED SOIL MICROORGANISMS". Ecology 89, nr 3 (marzec 2008): 773–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/07-0337.1.
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Reni Ustiatik, Yulia Nuraini, Suharjono i Eko Handayanto. "Isolation of Mercury-Resistant Endophytic and Rhizosphere Microorganisms from Grasses in Abandoned Gold Mining Area". Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) 49, nr 1 (30.04.2021): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.24831/jai.v49i1.32356.
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There were about 900 hotspots of artisanal and small scale gold mining (ASGM) in Indonesia that recovered gold through amalgamation and cyanidation techniques. Amalgamation technique causes mercury (Hg) pollution to the soil. This study was a preliminary study that aimed to isolate Hg-resistant endophytic and rhizosphere microorganisms from pioneer grasses in the Hg-polluted soil. The most potential microorganism will be used for Hg phytoremediation in the future study. Pioneer grasses were collected from the abandoned gold mining area in Central Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara. Total microorganisms were counted using Colony Forming Unit (CFU) or Standard Plate Count. The microorganism colony was characterized based on morphological characteristics. Hg-resistant endophytic and rhizosphere microorganisms were successfully isolated from pioneer grass (Cynodon dactylon and Eleusine indica) in the study site. The colonies of rhizosphere microorganisms were diverse morphologically compared to endophytic microorganisms based on the number of isolated microorganisms, 20 isolates and 17 isolates, respectively. The density of rhizosphere microorganisms was higher (96%) than endophytic microorganisms (4%). The density of rhizosphere bacteria and fungi were 47x103 and 2x103 CFU g-1, respectively. However, the density of endophytic bacteria and fungi were only 2x103 and 1x103 CFU g-1, respectively.
Keywords: endophytic microorganism, Hg-resistant, microorganism density, rhizosphere microorganism
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Demyanyuk, O. S., V. P. Patyka, О. V. Sherstoboeva i A. A. Bunas. "Formation of the structure of microbiocenoses of soils of agroecosystems depending on trophic and hydrothermal factors". Biosystems Diversity 26, nr 2 (14.05.2018): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/011816.
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Ground soil, as the product primarily of the activity of microbiota, is under the permanent influence of ecological and anthropogenous factors. Soils are especially subject to pressure in agroecosystems, which increases due to the considerable fluctuation of climate system parameters. Using graph analysis, we have estimated the results of multiyear monitoring research on the functioning of microbiocenoses of three soil types in agroecosystems depending on the fertilizing and hydrothermal mode. It enabled us to detect peculiarities of formation of the structure soil microbiocenoses and to better understand ecologically important relations between functional groups of microorganisms in the soil depending on action of different factors. It has been determined that neither application of organic and mineral fertilizers into chernozem nor action of hydrothermal factors (temperature air and humidity) is a crucial characteristic of changing in the structure of its microbiocenosis. Microorganisms-producers of exopolysaccharides, which have a strong relationship with all trophic groups of microorganisms as they are their structural components, turned out to be the main block constructing factor, which is due to their strong influence on total content of microbal mass in soil. For soil of agroecosystems with dark-grey type of soil characteristic of content of total biomass of microorganisms is a basis for block constructing gremium, which affirms the state of microbiocenosis and processes occurring there under the action of researched biotic and abiotic factors. Microbiocenosis of sod-podzolic soil, unlike the other researched types of soils, reacted distinctly on applying of fertilizer and depended on the action of hydrothermal factors. Contrast in the range of hydrothermal regime caused a chaotic character of interaction between the basic characteristics in microbiocenosis of sod-podzolic soil with appearance of a direct and mediated relationship among them. Regardless of changes in hydrothermal factors , interactions between characteristics of total microbial mass content, eutrophic microorganisms, which use mineral and organic forms of nitrogen, and producers of exopolysaccharides were stable. It has been proved that estimating of ecological state of soil and influence of applicable agromeasures on it should be conducted according to the indices of total microorganism biomass content in the soil and correlation between the number of microorganisms which form the graph gremium.
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Černohlávková, J., J. Hofman, T. Bartoš, M. Sáňka i P. Anděl. "Effects of road deicing salts on soil microorganisms". Plant, Soil and Environment 54, No. 11 (2.12.2008): 479–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/431-pse.
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In this study, the effects of road salting on the quality of forest soils near the road were monitored in the Krkonoše Mountains (Czech Republic). Physical, chemical properties and microbial parameters of soils were determined and the toxic potentials of soil water extracts were evaluated using the bacterial tests (Microtox and <I>Pseudomonas putida</I> growth inhibition test). Increased concentrations of Na<sup>+</sup> ions (up to 100 mg/kg) and pH values up to 8 were found closer to the road. Microbial biomass and respiration activity were significantly reduced at the roadside (ANOVA; <I>P</I> < 0.05), and the metabolic quotients showed that the microbial community was apparently under stress. Large stimulation of <I>Pseudomonas putida</I> growth was determined, especially for salinized samples closest to the road. Oppositely, results showed the unsuitability of bacteria toxicity tests in such cases of pollution. Assessment of intrinsic soil microbial communities is more ecologically relevant and shows the effects that cannot be detected by bacterial toxicity tests.
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Gömöryová, Erika, Gabriela Barančíková, Erika Tobiašová, Ján Halás, Rastislav Skalský, Štefan Koco i Dušan Gömöry. "Responses of soil microorganisms to land use in different soil types along the soil profiles". Soil and Water Research 15, No. 2 (11.03.2020): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/20/2019-swr.
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The objective of this study was to find out how land use affects the soil microbial attributes in different soil types and to which depth. The study was performed in Slovakia (Europe) in three areas differing in soil type (Chernozem, Stagnosol, Cambisol). Within each area, three localities with different land use (forest, grassland, cropland), representing a gradient with different intensity of management, were chosen. The soil samples were taken along a single soil profile up to a depth of 1 m with 10 cm increments at each locality. In the soil samples, the basic soil chemical properties and microbial attributes were determined. The effect of the land use on the microbial biomass and basal respiration was mainly observed in the Chernozem in the top 30 cm, while in the Stagnosol, no difference in the trend in the microbial biomass between the different ecosystems along the soil profile was found. The N-mineralisation reflected the different management practices especially in the Cambisol in the top 20 cm. The most distinct differences in the catalase activity between the soils differing in land use were found in the Cambisol along the whole profile. The richness and diversity of the functional groups did not differ significantly between the soils with the different land use and also no uniform responses of the functional groups composition to the land use were observed. The microbial biomass and activity were mainly affected by the amount of the soil organic matter; the intensity of the impact differed according to the soil type.
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Abdila, Almi, Nurjannah Japarang, Nur Agustin, Warida Hafni, Alfiqi Dwiva Annisi, Hilda Karim, Andi Asmawati Azis, Muhammad Junda i Oslan Jumadi. "Populasi Mikroorganisme Tanah pada Lahan Jagung setelah Aplikasi Pupuk Poliakrilat". Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia 27, nr 1 (12.01.2022): 8–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18343/jipi.27.1.18.
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The number and type of microorganisms in the soil indicate soil fertility. The use of fertilizers can affect the growth of microorganisms in the soil. Quantitative tests are conducted to evaluate how fertilizers affect the presence of bacteria, fungi, and algae. The number of bacteria and fungi is calculated using the standard plate count method, while the number of algae is calculated using the most probable number method. The highest number of bacteria found in urea-phosphate-potassium (UPK) applications of zeolite polymers is 50%, which is 3.4 × 106 CFU/mL; the most fungi are found in 25% of applications, which is 2.5 × 104 CFU/mL. In contrast, the highest algae population was in control soils, 2.7 × 104 CFU/mL. However, for treatment, an enormous amount is found in the administration of 50% zeolite polymer UPK as much as 1.4 × 103 CFU/mL, so it can be concluded that the administration of UPK zeolite polymer affects the number of microorganisms on the cornfield.
Keywords: soil microorganism, polyacrylate, UPK, zeolite
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Popelářová, E., K. Voříšek i S. Strnadová. "Relations between activities and counts of soil microorganisms". Plant, Soil and Environment 54, No. 4 (11.04.2008): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/390-pse.
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Microbial activities and counts of microorganisms were monitored as a part of research projects at 11 localities on arable land of different soil types during the years 2002–2006. The counts of microorganisms (total bacteria count, actinomycetes, micromycetes, <I>Azotobacter</I>, oligotrophic and spore-forming bacteria) and microbial activities (respiration, ammonification and nitrification tests) were evaluated using summary statistics, analysis of variance and correlation coefficients. The average counts of microorganisms corresponded with usual counts of microbes in arable soils. There were only some differences among localities in <I>Azotobacter</I> counts. Soil respiration is very often used as an indicator of soil microflora activity. Average values of basal respiration were slightly lower (0.45 mg CO<sub>2</sub> /h per 100 g dry soil) than usual values, potential respiration with glucose (G) or with ammonium and G (NG) responded to usual values (average G 4.27, NG 9.53 mg CO<sub>2</sub> /h per 100 g dry soil). All activities (except actual ammonification) were higher in spring season, but the differences were not significant. There were significant differences in correlation coefficients among the selected criteria; 66% from the total number of correlation coefficients were non-significant, 34% were significant (13% of them was at the significance level 0.05, 10% <I>P</I> < 0.01, and 11% <I>P</I> < 0.001).
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Onet, Aurelia, i Cristian Onet. "Study of the microbiological activity in the agrocenosis from Crisurilor Plain". Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, nr 53 (6.05.2013): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/53/2131.
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The seasonal variations of soil microorganisms depend on changes in the soil chemical properties and the microbiological processes of soil are determined in main by different cropping systems, soil management and season. Investigation of the microbiological properties of a haplic luvisol, under different cultivation conditions showed that anthropogenic factors such as fertilization and treatments with pesticides was favourable for certain microorganisms while others were inhibited by these factors. In order the quantitative occurence of microorganism was aerobic mesophilic heterotrophs (105–107 cellsxg-1 dry matter soil) were followed by Actinomycetes, yeast and mould (103–106 cellsxg-1 dry matter soil), nitrogen fixing bacteria (102–105 cellsxg-1 dry matter soil) and nitrifying bacteria (10-1–103 cellsxg-1 dry matter soil). The highest values of aerobic mesophilic heterotrophs were found in cropland and undisturbed meadow of haplic luvisol. Actinomycetes are more developed in undisturbed soils than in the cultivated soils. The number of yeast and mould was high in the apricot tree orchard, and Azotobacter and nitrifying bacteria were identified in a small number in all the soil variants studied. Among the total number of aerobic microorganisms, pH and humus content statistically proved relationship was established. Total number of yeast and mould depends on the proportion of 10.89% by moisture content and pH. The numerical presence of Azotobacter depends in a proportion of 9.6% by the ammonia nitrogen content and pH variations. The numerical presence of nitrifying bacteria depends in a proportion of 1.69% by the nitric nitrogen content and humus content variation.
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Liu, Zhiping, Huaiping Zhou, Wenyan Xie, Zhenxing Yang i Pengfei Zhang. "Effects of Returning Different Organic Materials in Combination with Inorganic Fertilizers on the Diversity of Eukaryotic Microorganisms in Semi-Arid Northern China". Agronomy 12, nr 12 (8.12.2022): 3116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12123116.
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Soil eukaryotic microorganisms are important to biodiversity, and returning different kinds of organic materials to the field could improve the biodiversity of soil eukaryotic microorganisms. However, no detailed research has been conducted in the northern China semi-arid area in returning the different organic materials to the field and determining the status of eukaryotic microorganisms. Therefore, we explored the effects of various organic materials returning to the soil in combination with inorganic fertilizer on the diversity and community structure of eukaryotic microorganisms in Shanxi province, China. Soil samples were collected from five different fertilization treatments: chemical fertilizer (F), chemical fertilizer + cattle manure (FM), chemical fertilizer + straw (FS), chemical fertilizer + pig manure (FC) and control without fertilizers (CK). High-throughput sequencing was applied to analyze the eukaryotic diversity and community structure. Results showed that the dominant eukaryotic microorganisms among soil samples were Fungi, Viridiplantae, Metazoa and Protist. Although α-diversity was not significantly different among the five treatments, principal coordinate analysis and permutational multivariate analysis of variance illustrated significant differences (p < 0.001) in β-diversity of eukaryotic microorganism under treatments with different organic materials. Redundancy analysis showed that the soil properties, including total potassium, available nitrogen, available potassium and organic matter were the main factors attributed to eukaryotic microorganisms’ community structure in this region.
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Kantsavaya, I., A. Nikitin, E. Tankevich i Yu Sidareika. "Microbiological Status of Peat Soil in the Exclusion Zone of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant". Bulletin of Science and Practice 6, nr 4 (15.04.2020): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/53/08.
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The work examines the number of the main physiological groups of microorganisms in the peat soil of the exclusion zone of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. Methods: Koch cup method, agrochemical methods, γ-spectrometry, statistical analysis. An analysis of the numbers of the main physiological groups of microorganisms showed that a peat soil sample II, which was characterized by a lower level of contamination with technogenic radionuclides as compared to sample I, contains a smaller amount of ammonifying and phosphate — mobilizing bacteria, as well as micromycetes, respectively, more than 2–20 times compared with sample I. For the remaining studied groups of microorganisms in sample II, in comparison with sample I was noted an excess of the number of microorganisms by less than 1.5 times. For this soil sample, the largest number is typical for autochthonous microorganisms, then in a row with decreasing numbers are presented: amylolytic, oligonitrophilic, spore ammonifiers, cellulose–destroying aerobic bacteria. It was established that the peat soil of sample plot I is characterized by a greater degree of enrichment of the soil with microorganisms. This is due, firstly, with an increased water content in the peat sample I (up to 90%) that promotes rapid growth soil microorganism’s population; secondly, it is determined by a large number of plant roots. The density of peat soil radionuclide contamination to a lesser extent affects the quantitative content of most of the physiological groups of microorganisms studied in it
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Borowik, Agata, i Jadwiga Wyszkowska. "Impact of temperature on the biological properties of soil". International Agrophysics 30, nr 1 (1.01.2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/intag-2015-0070.
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AbstractThe aim of the study was to determine the response of soil microorganisms and enzymes to the temperature of soil. The effect of the temperatures: 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25°C on the biological properties of soil was investigated under laboratory conditions. The study was performed using four different soils differing in their granulometric composition. It was found that 15°C was the optimal temperature for the development of microorganisms in soil. Typically, in the soil, the highest activity of dehydrogenases was observed at 10-15°C, catalase and acid phosphatase – at 15°C, alkaline phosphatase at 20°C, urease and β-glucosidase at 25°C. The highest colony development index for heterotrophic bacteria was recorded in soils incubated at 25°C, while for actinomycetes and fungi at 15°C. The incubation temperature of soil only slightly changed the ecophysiological variety of the investigated groups of microorganisms. Therefore, the observed climate changes might have a limited impact on the soil microbiological activity, because of the high ability of microorganisms to adopt. The response of soil microorganisms and enzymes was more dependent on the soil granulometric composition, organic carbon, and total nitrogen than on its temperature.
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Korsunova, Ts D.-Ts. "CHANGES IN BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY IN FOREST SOILS OF THE BAIKAL REGION DURING REFORESTATION". Scientific Life 16, nr 4 (2021): 494–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-4-494-500.
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Data on changes in the biological activity of permafrost-taiga soils of the Baikal region during reforestation are presented. Microbiological analyses of soils were carried out according to generally accepted methods recommended by the Department of Soil Microorganisms of the Institute of Microbiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Soil samples for microbiological analysis were taken at a depth of up to 20 cm. The biological activity of permafrost-taiga soils was determined at three sites of larch forests of the Baikal region: yernikovo-bagulnikovy, lingonberry-raznotravny, bagulnikovo-raznotravny. As a result of the research, the following conclusions were made: the overall level of the number of microorganisms on the control variants of all larch forest sites is insignificant; deforestation leads to a change in the group structure, the level of abundance and biochemical activity of soil microorganisms; a wide spread of the group structure, compared with the control, a decrease in the number of some groups of microorganisms, the activity of a number of indicators of biochemical activity of soils on the TT-4 variant of” unsystematic " deforestation indicates an imbalance of the biological balance in the soil environment; the most favorable soil and ecological conditions for the development of microorganisms are created in the variants of fresh felling when using the TT-4 “narrow belts” and LP-49 “shuttle” technology; the biological activity of soils is highest in the variant of soils of old felling, which indicates the active functioning of the entire ecosystem. The general level of the number of microorganisms in the control variants of deforestation, violating the ecological balance of soil conditions, leads to a change in the group structure, the level of the number and enzymatic activity of soil microorganisms.
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Thiele-Bruhn, Sören. "The role of soils in provision of genetic, medicinal and biochemical resources". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 376, nr 1834 (4.08.2021): 20200183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0183.
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Intact, ‘healthy’ soils provide indispensable ecosystem services that largely depend on the biotic activity. Soil health is connected with human health, yet, knowledge of the underlying soil functioning remains incomplete. This review highlights selected services, i.e. (i) soil as a genetic resource and hotspot of biodiversity, forming the basis for providing (ii) biochemical resources and (iii) medicinal services and goods. Soils harbour an unrivalled biodiversity of organisms, especially microorganisms. Some of the abilities of autochthonous microorganisms and their relevant enzymes serve (i) to improve natural soil functions and in particular plant growth, e.g. through beneficial plant growth-promoting, symbiotic and mycorrhizal microorganisms, (ii) to act as biopesticides, (iii) to facilitate biodegradation of pollutants for soil bioremediation and (iv) to yield enzymes or chemicals for industrial use. Soils also exert direct effects on human health. Contact with soil enriches the human microbiome, affords protection against allergies and promotes emotional well-being. Medicinally relevant are soil substrates such as loams, clays and various minerals with curative effects as well as pharmaceutically active organic chemicals like antibiotics that are formed by soil microorganisms. By contrast, irritating minerals, soil dust inhalation and misguided soil ingestion may adversely affect humans. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The role of soils in delivering Nature’s Contributions to People.
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Zheng, Jing Hua. "Effects of Arsenic on Enzyme Activity in Mine Soil Microorganism". Advanced Materials Research 1010-1012 (sierpień 2014): 96–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1010-1012.96.
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To understand the effects of arsenic on enzyme activity of soil microorganisms in mining area, 18 soil samples were taken from Xinqiu open-pit mining area. The mechanism of soil microorganisms in response the change of arsenic concentration was studied by a pot experiment. The effects of arsenic on the activity of invertase, urease and catalase in soil microorganisms were characterized by enzyme activity experiment. The results showed that the microbial biomass in soil decreased with continuous elevated arsenic concentration. However, no significant effect was observed on the composition of microflora with the change of arsenic concentration. In soil microbial community, the predominant microorganism was bacteria (about 80%), then followed by actinomycetes and fungi. Most importantly, high concentration of arsenic obviously inhibited the activities of enzymes in soil especially for invertase and urease. The results obtained in this study provide additional insights into the microbial metabolic mechanisms under different concentration of arsenic in soil microbial community.
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Marler, Thomas E. "Soil from Serianthes Rhizosphere Influences Growth and Leaf Nutrient Content of Serianthes Plants". Agronomy 12, nr 8 (17.08.2022): 1938. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12081938.
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Soils from the rhizosphere of perennial plants accumulate microorganisms that influence the growth of other plants. This microorganism biodiversity may be exploited by using these soils as an inoculum in new planting sites. Soils collected from the rhizosphere of mature Serianthes trees were subjected to treatments designed to reduce or increase microorganism populations, then were used in a series of five studies to grow Serianthes plants in container culture. Serianthes kanehirae and Serianthes grandiflora stem growth was 14–19% greater, leaf nitrogen was 40–46% greater, leaf phosphorus was 50–86% greater, and leaf potassium was 28–43% greater when grown in soils from Serianthes rhizosphere than in soils away from a Serianthes tree. Treating the Serianthes rhizosphere soils with sterilization or propiconazole fungicide reduced stem growth of S. grandiflora, S. kanehirae, and Serianthes nelsonii plants by 16–47% below that of untreated soils. The sterilization and fungicide treatments also consistently reduced phosphorus (48–50%) and potassium (12–21%) content of leaves when compared with untreated rhizosphere soil. Adding Rhizophagus irregularis inoculum to the sterilized soil reversed the reduction in S. grandiflora stem growth and leaf phosphorus content. These findings indicate that soils from the Serianthes rhizosphere contain beneficial microorganisms for Serianthes plant growth and leaf nutritional status and exploiting these soils as an inoculum for new planting sites may provide a net-positive influence on post-transplant growth and survival.
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OYAIZU, Hiroshi, Hongik KIMU i Daiske HONDA. "Biodiversity of Unculturable Soil Microorganisms." Journal of the agricultural chemical society of Japan 73, nr 6 (1999): 614–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/nogeikagaku1924.73.614.
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BASHAN, Y., i J. WOLOWELSKY. "SOIL SAMPLERS FOR QUANTIFYING MICROORGANISMS". Soil Science 143, nr 2 (luty 1987): 132–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00010694-198702000-00008.
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Silva, Célia Maria Maganhotto S., Rosana Faria Vieira i Gilberto Nicolella. "Paclobutrazol effects on soil microorganisms". Applied Soil Ecology 22, nr 1 (styczeń 2003): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0929-1393(02)00110-5.
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Kennedy, A. "Soil Microorganisms for Weed Management". Journal of Crop Production 2, nr 1 (2.03.1999): 123–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j144v02n01_07.
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Pepper, I. L., J. W. Brendecke i R. D. Axelson. "Metal contamination on soil microorganisms". Soil Biology and Biochemistry 26, nr 8 (sierpień 1994): 1099. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(94)90128-7.
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Abu-Ashour, Jamal, Douglas M. Joy, Hung Lee, Hugh R. Whiteley i Samuel Zelin. "Transport of microorganisms through soil". Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 75, nr 1-2 (maj 1994): 141–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01100406.
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Zafira, Zana. "Bioremediasi sebagai Alternatif Pengembalian Fungsi Tanah yang Tercemar Minyak Bumi". Jurnal Jaring SainTek 3, nr 2 (31.10.2021): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31599/jaringsaintek.v3i2.456.
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Oil contamination from field drilling waste is a serious environmental problem worldwide. These oil contaminants must be removed to maintain biodiversity and ecological balance. Bioremediation is a soil cleaning technique that utilizes the metabolic ability of microorganisms to degrade soil contaminants. The use of native bacteria producing biosurfactants and utilization of hydrocarbons increases the effectiveness of bioremediation by making hydrocarbons bioavailable for degradation. Determination of bioremediation microorganisms affects the degradation process of petroleum. This is because each microorganism requires a specific substrate to reduce all the components of petroleum in the soil. A deeper approach is needed to obtain the effectiveness of microorganisms, both nonindigenous and indigenous microorganisms that are applied by researchers in degrading petroleum. However, not all available journal summaries provide a detailed explanation of the method and effectiveness of microorganisms in the bioremediation method. In this review, we will provide several microorganisms and methods used in bioremediation, including adsorptive bioremediation, biopile, in-situ bioremediation, landfarming, biostimulation, and composting in order to find the most effective method in the petroleum bioremediation process.
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Corcimaru, Serghei, Lilia Mereniuc i Feodora Sitnic. "Soil as a source of polyethylene degrading microorganisms". Bulletin of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova Life Sciences, nr 2(346) (listopad 2022): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.52388/1857-064x.2022.2.09.
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The presence of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) degrading microorganisms was found in the soils of the Republic of Moldova. Under standard soil conditions the LDPE biodegradation was relatively slow, implying the possibility of long-term negative environmental impacts from soil pollution by LDPE. It was observed that the biodegradation rates could be substantially improved by adding glucose into the soil (0,5%). LDPE biodegradation rates depended on the soil type and on the presence or absence of increased environmental stress for the soil microbial biomass. The highest biodegradation rate was observed in the case of a virgin forest soil sampled from the Orhei region: on day 41 after adding glucose into the soil with introduced LDPE the soil microbial biomass was 6.1% higher than in the control without LDPE, while the extent of LDPE degradation reached 2.3%.
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Kuncoro, Aldi Suryo, Kus Hendarto, Fitri Yelli i R. A. Diana Widyastuti. "Pengaruh Berbagai Jenis Mikroorganisme Lokal (MOL) dan Media Tanam terhadap Pertumbuhan Jambu Biji (Psidium guajava L.) Varietas 'Kristal' pada Fase Pembibitan". JURNAL AGROTROPIKA 21, nr 1 (12.05.2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/ja.v21i1.5421.
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This study aims to determine the effect of providing various planting media and local microorganisms on the growth of 'Kristal' guava seeds and the interaction between the provision of various planting media and local microorganisms on the growth of 'Kristal' guava seedlings. This research was conducted at the Integrated Field Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung from September 2020 to March 2021. The treatments were arranged in a factorial (2x4) in a completely randomized design (CRD) which was repeated 3 times. The first factor was planting media (M) which consisted of (M1) soil and rice husks, (M2) soil and mushroom baglog. The second factor is the type of local microorganism (MOL) (P) which consists of 4 levels, namely (P1) local microorganism EM4, (P2) local microorganism of banana weevil, (P3) local microorganism of coconut fiber, and (P4) local microorganism of cow dung. The results of the study which were tested by analysis on all variables stated that the presentation of various different media affected the increase in plant height and the treatment of different microorganisms affected the increase in leaves and leaf chlorophyll, the increase in shoot growth area, the interaction between various growing media and local microorganisms. Keywords : Guava, planting media,local microorganism, growth
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Makeeva, Natalia, i Olga Neverova. "The influence of soil microorganisms on heavy metal content in the substrate of waste rock dumps". BIO Web of Conferences 31 (2021): 00017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213100017.
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The environmental effects of mining and its impact on natural resources are of a holistic nature. One of the modern methods employed for the remediation of technogenically disturbed soils is the application of microorganisms. This paper studies the impact made by soil microorganisms on the accumulation rate of heavy metals in the substrate of waste rock dumps in the process of soil reclamation. Suspensions of soil microorganisms (microorganisms utilising mineral nitrogen forms / MUMN; microorganisms decomposing silicates / MDS; microscopic fungi / MF) were applied to the rock dump surface. Separate groups as well as their combinations were applied. The heavy metal content analysis did not indicate a significant exceedance of the maximum allowable concentration limits (MACL) in the soil of the waste rock. The only metal whose content exceeded the maximum admissible concentration limits was nickel. It has found that the application of microorganisms influences the concentration of several heavy metals due to pH level changes of the rock dump soil.
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Sun, Haifeng, Yinuo Wang i Qilei Wu. "Synergistic Effects of Biochar and Microbes on Soil Remediation". Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 26 (30.12.2022): 303–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v26i.3990.
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With the development of science and technology progress, while improving the quality of life has caused some pollution to the soil environment, this pollution has threatened the ecosystem and even human health. However, how to carry out soil remediation actively and effectively is the current problem faced. Several common soil remediation methods have their drawbacks that cannot be widely used. Therefore, research on the synergistic effect of biochar and microorganisms on soil remediation is urgent. The feature of microbial remediation technology without secondary contamination combined with biochar can be used as a high-quality amendment to assist in the remediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals and total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs). There have been many researches in the field of biochar in the past years, and its loose and porous characteristics and carbon stability provide suitable conditions for the survival and growth of microorganisms. Moreover, as a carrier, biochar can co-operate with microorganisms to absorb and degrade pollutants. The use of biochar combined with microorganisms in remediation not only reuses agricultural waste but also reduces some of the costs. In addition, the research on soil remediation in China started late, and there are large differences between the north and the south in China’s vast territory, and the diversity of land also means the diversity of pollution. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the technology of biochar and microorganism to improve the soil environment. It is worth discussing how to realize this technology into the market at the present time when the government is eager to achieve energy saving and emission reduction and support the development of green enterprises. This paper will be divided into four main sections on this topic, starting with the current problems faced and the background of the research. The experimental mechanism of the different purification methods for organic and inorganic pollutants is discussed, in which organic pollutants represented by petroleum hydrocarbons and inorganic pollutants represented by heavy metals are analyzed. Soils contaminated by organic or inorganic pollutants are different in terms of purification mechanisms.
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Visser, Suzanne, i Dennis Parkinson. "Soil biological criteria as indicators of soil quality: Soil microorganisms". American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 7, nr 1-2 (czerwiec 1992): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300004434.
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AbstractDiverse soil microbiological studies have attempted to assess deterioration or improvement in soil quality. These studies have been done on three levels: population level studies of the dynamics of species that are presumed to be important or sensitive; community level studies of microbial community structure, such as species diversity and frequency of occurence of species; and ecosystem level studies of a range of soil processes. We suggest that ecosystem level approaches offer the best possibilities for rapidly assessing changes in soil quality. Data from such studies will allow researchers to decide whether to proceed with population or community level studies.
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Demyanyuk, Olena, Lyudmyla Symochko i Dmitry Shatsman. "Structure and Dynamics of Soil Microbial Communities of Natural and Transformed Ecosystems". Environmental Research, Engineering and Management 76, nr 4 (18.12.2020): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.erem.76.4.23508.
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Soil microbial communities play an important role in ecosystems functioning and are on the field scale essential for plant nutrition and health. On a larger scale, they contribute to global element cycling. Furthermore, they are involved in the turnover processes of organic matter, the breakdown of xenobiotics and the formation of soil aggregates. An ecological state of soils depends on the structure and activity of soil microorganisms. The results of soil monitoring in various ecosystems in different climatic zones of Ukraine showed a clear trend for the correlation between the agroecological conditions and activity of microbiocenosis. The most significant influence of agricultural activity on the soil microbiota can be observed on the poorly soddy-podzolic and gray forest soils, where the crop cultivation without fertilization resulted in a decrease in the total count of microorganisms by 2.2-4.5 times. Application of agricultural measures aimed at achieving maximum productivity, specifically the combination of mineral, organic and biological fertilizers, contributes to an average 1.3-4.1 times increase in the total count of microorganisms in the soil, compared with non-fertilized variants. Soils with low content of organic matter and acidic medium, soddy-podzolic and gray forest soils were characterized by a high number of micromycetes, 136-185×103 CFU·g-1 soil, and a relatively low number of eutrophic and nitrogen-fixing microorganisms. The soil of natural ecosystems is characterized by a high total count of the microorganisms with a balanced structure of various ecological-trophic groups and balanced processes of mineralization-immobilization, organic matter decomposition, and humus accumulation.
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Pleshakova, Ye V., N. A. Zelenova, C. T. Ngun i M. V. Reshetnikov. "Impact of Iron, Copper and Nickel Ions Introduced Into the Soil Separately and in Various Combinations on Soil Microbiota". Povolzhskiy Journal of Ecology, nr 1 (23.03.2020): 66–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.35885/1684-7318-2020-1-66-85.
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In a long-term model experiment, the abundance dynamics of soil microorganisms was studied as affected by pollution of southern chernozem soils with various concentrations and combinations of iron, nickel and copper ions. In the course of this study, soil microbiocenoses were seeded on solid nutrient media and the following values were estimated: the total numbers of heterotrophic microorganisms on meat–peptone agar, the numbers of iron-oxidizing microorganisms on a selective medium in 0, 30, 90 and 210 days after the introduction of heavy metal ions into the soil. A characteristic diverse impact of heavy metal ions on soil microorganisms was established, and the degree of stability of soil microbocenoses of southern chernozem was revealed. Iron and copper concentrations of 10 and 50 RGCB/MPC in 30 days after soil contamination by individual metal ions or their combinations stimulated the proliferation of heterotrophic microorganisms in the soil microbocenoses and 90 days later the number of this microbial group decreased to the control levels and below. After 210 days, the microbiocenoses returned to a stable state. Nickel ions, introduced into the soil at a concentration of 50 MPC separately and in a number of combinations with other heavy metal ions, did not stimulate the proliferation of heterotrophic microorganisms. Opposite trends were observed in the abundance dynamics of iron-oxidizing microorganisms. With the exception of some model variants such as 10 and 50 MPC of Cu (II), iron, nickel and their combinations in various concentrations inhibited the proliferation of ironoxidizing microorganisms in the first month after soil contamination. The inhibitory effect of a combination of heavy metal ions was stronger than that of individual metals. After 90 days, the numbers of iron-oxidizing microorganisms restored to the control level or even exceeded it. After 210 days, an inhibition of the proliferation of ironoxidizing microorganisms was observed in the microbocenoses, or their abundance corresponded to the value in the control soil sample.
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Kremer, Robert J. "Microorganisms Associated with Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) Seeds on the Soil Surface". Weed Science 34, nr 2 (marzec 1986): 233–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500066728.
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The relationships between microorganisms and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedic. # ABUTH) seeds in contact with soil were studied to determine microbial effects on velvetleaf seed viability. The characteristic seed microbial association persisted on velvetleaf seeds placed on the soil surface during 32 days of incubation. The fungal association comprised ofAlternaria alternata(Fr.) Keissl.,Cladosporium cladosporioides(Fres.) de Vries,Epicoccum purpurascensEhrenb. ex Schlecht, andFusariumspp. was detected on over 50% of the seeds during incubation. Establishment of soil microorganisms on 50% of seeds occurred at only one sampling date. Such establishment was largely unsuccessful due to the effective barrier presented by seedborne microorganisms. Seedborne and soilborne microorganisms were unable to reduce viability of velvetleaf seeds in contact with soil as the total viability of all seeds tested exceeded 90% during incubation. Velvetleaf seedborne microorganisms may augment seed longevity on and in soils by acting as a barrier to potential seed decomposers originating from soil.
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Hu, H., M. Xie, Y. Yu i Q. Zhang. "Transgenic Bt cotton tissues have no apparent impact on soil microorganisms ". Plant, Soil and Environment 59, No. 8 (31.07.2013): 366–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/213/2013-pse.
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The impact of transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton residues on soil microorganism communities was investigated. Leaves of three different varieties of transgenic Bt cotton and their near-isogenic lines were placed in soil and the numbers of indigenous soil microorganisms were measured with cultivation-dependent approaches under laboratory conditions. The soil samples were collected after 7, 14, 21, 28, 56 and 84 days of incubation. Numbers of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi in the soil were measured by counting colony forming units after incubation on appropriate medium. Overall, although there were differences in bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi population between soil amended with Bt and non-Bt cotton throughout the whole incubation in three experiments, these differences were transient and not persistent from one sampling stage to the next. These results suggest that Bt-transgenic cotton tissues have no apparent impact on soil microorganism population.
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Agustinus Mangungsong, Soemarsono i Dan Fatardho Zudri. "Pemanfaatan Mikroba Tanah dalam Pembuatan Pupuk Organik serta Peranannya terhadap Tanah Aluvial dan Pertumbuhan Bibit Tanaman Kakao". Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) 47, nr 3 (14.01.2020): 318–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24831/jai.v47i3.24721.
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The use of microorganisms and organic materials in agriculture because it can increase the availability of soil nutrients and absorption by plants and form soil structures becomes looser. The purpose of this study was to obtain the most effective types of decomposer microorganisms and the most appropriate organic fertilizer (compost) to improve the physical, chemical and biological properties of alluvial soils and their role in plants in cocoa seedlings. The research was conducted in the Laboratory of Soil, Greenhouses and experimental gardens of the Agricultural Polytechnic State Payakumbuh Tanjung Pati Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota. The study uses experimental methods. The study used a factorial randomized block design on soil tests and a complete randomized design for the cacao seedling test. Parameters observed were alluvial soil pH, N-total alluvial soil, P-available alluvial soil, K-exchangeable alluvial soil, alluvial soil volume weight, the total population of alluvial soil bacteria, plant height of cocoa seedlings, number of leaves of cocoa seedlings, stem diameter of cocoa seedlings, dry weight of cacao seed stover. The results of the study there were no differences in the treatment of the type of compost and the type of microorganisms to the pH value of the soil. Types of microorganisms with the type of compost can increase the total N content in alluvial soil. The use of compost types and types of microorganisms had a significantly different effect on the value of soil volume weight, P-available, K-exchangeable, and the total population of alluvial soil bacteria. Treatment of Type of Compost Tithonia and Types of Pseudomonas fluorescens + Trichoderma harzianum microorganisms have the best influence on soil test variables. The application of cacao seedlings at the dose of Tithonia compost 1.25 kg/polybag provides the best growth.
Keywords: Alluvial soil, cocoa seedlings, compost, microorganisms
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Karliński, Leszek, Sabine Ravnskov i Maria Rudawska. "Soil Microbial Biomass and Community Composition Relates to Poplar Genotypes and Environmental Conditions". Forests 11, nr 3 (27.02.2020): 262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11030262.
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Poplars, known for their diversity, are trees that can develop symbiotic relationships with several groups of microorganisms. The genetic diversity of poplars and different abiotic factors influence the properties of the soil and may shape microbial communities. Our study aimed to analyse the impact of poplar genotype on the biomass and community composition of the microbiome of four poplar genotypes grown under different soil conditions and soil depths. Of the three study sites, established in the mid-1990s, one was near a copper smelter, whereas the two others were situated in unpolluted regions, but were differentiated according to the physicochemical traits of the soil. The whole-cell fatty acid analysis was used to determine the biomass and proportions of gram-positive, gram-negative and actinobacteria, arbuscular fungi (AMF), other soil fungi, and protozoa in the whole microbial community in the soil. The results showed that the biomass of microorganisms and their contributions to the community of organisms in the soil close to poplar roots were determined by both factors: the tree-host genotype and the soil environment. However, each group of microorganisms was influenced by these factors to a different degree. In general, the site effect played the main role in shaping the microbial biomass (excluding actinobacteria), whereas tree genotype determined the proportions of the fungal and bacterial groups in the microbial communities and the proportion of AMF in the fungal community. Bacterial biomass was influenced more by site factors, whereas fungal biomass more by tree genotype. With increasing soil depth, a decrease in the biomass of all microorganisms was observed; however, the proportions of the different microorganisms within the soil profile were the result of interactions between the host genotype and soil conditions. Despite the predominant impact of soil conditions, our results showed the important role of poplar genotype in shaping microorganism communities in the soil.
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Pan, Xingchen, Wenjun Shi, Guiping Feng, Xiaolong Li, Qingwei Zhou, Li Fu, Meiqing Jin i Weihong Wu. "The Impacts of Phosphorus-Containing Compounds on Soil Microorganisms of Rice Rhizosphere Contaminated by Lead". Diversity 15, nr 1 (5.01.2023): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d15010069.
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The cost effectiveness of using exogenous phosphorus to remediate heavy metals in soil, which would alter the structure of the soil microbial community, had been widely acknowledged. In the present study, phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) technology was taken as the breakthrough point, and rhizosphere soil microorganisms in different growth stages (jointing stage and maturity stage) of Minghui 86 (MH) and Yangdao No.6 (YD) rice were taken as the research objects. As revealed by the results, the rhizosphere soil microorganisms of MH and YD had distinct sensitivities to exogenous phosphorus and had a certain inhibitory effect on MH and YD enhancement. The sensitivity of rice root soil microorganisms to exogenous phosphorus also varied in different growth stages of rice. Bacteria were the dominant microorganism in the soil microbial community of rice roots, and the gain of exogenous phosphorus had a certain impact on the structure of the two soil microbial communities. Through analysis of the microbial community characteristics of MH rice and YD soil after adding exogenous phosphorus, further understanding was attained with respect to the effect of exogenous phosphorus on the microbial community characteristics of rice rhizosphere soil and the impact thereof on ecological functions.
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Li, Lingling, Zihan Che, Yanhong Cao, Lulu Qi, Kelong Chen i Hengsheng Wang. "Analyzing the Soil Microbial Characteristics of Poa alpigena Lindm. on Bird Island in Qinghai Lake Based on Metagenomics Analysis". Water 15, nr 2 (5.01.2023): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15020239.
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Poa alpigena Lindm. is a dominant forage grass that is widely distributed on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and is often used in the restoration of degraded grasslands. Soil microorganisms are major players in the cycling of materials in terrestrial ecosystems. In this study, based on high-throughput sequencing, the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils of Poa alpigena L. on Bird Island, Qinghai Lake, were used to investigate the effects of Poa alpigena L. on the composition and structure of soil microbial communities, and to establish associated soil microbial gene pools. Results revealed that microorganisms in the soil of Poa alpigena L. on Bird Island belonged to 62 phyla, 112 classes, 245 orders, 518 families, 1610 genera, and 5704 species. The dominant soil bacteria in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils were Proteobacteria (49.62%, 47.13%) and Actinobacteria (30.31% and 31.67%), whereas the dominant fungi were Ascomycota (3.15% and 3.37%) and Basidiomycota (0.98% and 1.06%). Alpha diversity analysis revealed that the microbial richness and diversity in non-rhizosphere soil were significantly higher than those in rhizosphere soil, mainly influenced by soil water content and total nitrogen content. Furthermore, on the basis of LEfSe analysis, Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria were identified as prominent differential taxa for rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils, respectively. The key differential metabolic pathways of rhizosphere soil microorganisms were those associated with the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter, basal metabolism, and cytochrome P450 metabolism, whereas those of non-rhizosphere soil microorganisms included the gene expression-related pathways, methane metabolism, and pathway associated with degradation of aromatic compounds. These findings indicated that the rhizosphere soil of Poa alpigena L. is selective for microorganisms that play important roles in the oxidation of methane and regulation of the greenhouse effect on Bird Island, and that the soil environment on this island may be subject to contamination with aromatic compounds.
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van Veen, J. A., L. S. van Overbeek i J. D. van Elsas. "Fate and activity of microorganisms introduced into soil". Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 61, nr 2 (czerwiec 1997): 121–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mmbr.61.2.121-135.1997.
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Introduced microorganisms are potentially powerful agents for manipulation of processes and/or components in soil. Fields of application include enhancement of crop growth, protection of crops against plant-pathogenic organisms, stimulation of biodegradation of xenobiotic compounds (bioaugmentation), and improvement of soil structure. Inoculation of soils has already been applied for decades, but it has often yielded inconsistent or disappointing results. This is caused mainly by a commonly observed rapid decline in inoculant population activity following introduction into soil, i.e., a decline of the numbers of inoculant cells and/or a decline of the (average) activity per cell. In this review, we discuss the available information on the effects of key factors that determine the fate and activity of microorganisms introduced into soil, with emphasis on bacteria. The factors addressed include the physiological status of the inoculant cells, the biotic and abiotic interactions in soil, soil properties, and substrate availability. Finally, we address the possibilities available to effectively manipulate the fate and activity of introduced microorganisms in relation to the main areas of their application.
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Lee, Shih-Chi, Yutaka Kitamura, Shu-Hsien Tsai, Chuan-Chi Chien, Chun-Shen Cheng i Chin-Cheng Hsieh. "Screening of Rhizosphere Microbes of Salt-Tolerant Plants and Developed Composite Materials of Biochar Micro-Coated Soil Beneficial Microorganisms". Sustainability 14, nr 24 (13.12.2022): 16724. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142416724.
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To develop composite materials of biochar micro-coated soil beneficial microorganisms, soil samples were collected from the saline-alkali land of the Penghu in Taiwan. After isolation, purification and identification, a total of one Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and two Bacillus megaterium were identified as the source of beneficial microorganisms. The agricultural waste is collected and initially crushed, and then made into biochar through a series of thermal cracking processes. The specific surface area of biochar is more than 100 m2/g, the fixed carbon is more than 80%, the proportion of medium and large pores is more than 30%, the pH after adjustment is 7.3 ± 0.2, and the pore size of beneficial microorganisms grows inward, which is one of the beneficial microorganisms. The biochar micro-coated soil-beneficial microorganism composite material developed in this experiment can indeed help crops to overcome the stress of salt damage to a certain extent, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens can indeed promote plant growth and help crops effects of over-salting adversity.
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Kurdish, I. K. "THE ROLE OF MICROORGANISMS IN REHABILITATION OF SOIL FERTILITY". Agriciltural microbiology 9 (1.07.2009): 7–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.35868/1997-3004.9.7-32.
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The analysis of the literature data testifies the supreme importance of microorganisms in soil formation and maintaining of its fertility. They transform plant residues; take part in soil structuring; formation of humus and its mineralization. Microorganisms play global role in renewing of the biosphere, including soils, with mineral nitrogen, mobilization of phosphorus from organic and sparingly soluble inorganic joins. Very important, but not sufficiently studied is the participation of microorganisms in mobilization of potassium in agroecosystems.
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Tisdall, J. M. "Possible role of soil microorganisms in aggregation in soils". Plant and Soil 159, nr 1 (luty 1994): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00000100.
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Dashko, Regina, i Anna Shidlovskaya. "Impact of microbial activity on soil properties". Canadian Geotechnical Journal 53, nr 9 (wrzesień 2016): 1386–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2015-0649.
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There are microorganisms in soils and their activity can have a positive or negative impact on soil properties and groundwater. The positive effect of microorganisms includes the self-purification and self-regulation of contaminated groundwater and soil. The negative effect on soil is the change in grain-size composition; the weakening of engineering properties of soils; and the development processes, such as biogas generation, microbial quick-sand formation, and soil liquefaction. This paper addresses the negative effects of microbial activity on soil. Research on the impact of microbial activity in an underground space has been motivated by observations associated with underground infrastructure, such as subway tunnels, utilities tunnels, deep mines including those with tailings, and infrastructure with shallow and deep foundations. An overview of microorganisms in soil and an analysis of microbial activity in soils under the influence of natural and human-made factors are presented. Field and laboratory experiments show the significant impact of microbial activity on the engineering properties and consistency of the soil. Due to the complexity of the process, a study of microbial activity in the soil profile requires an integration of microbiology, biochemistry, engineering geology, and geotechnical engineering knowledge and experience.
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Santric, Ljiljana, Ljiljana Radivojevic, Gajic Umiljendic, Rada Djurovic-Pejcev i Marija Saric-Krsmanovic. "Assessment of microbial activity and biomass in different soils exposed to nicosulfuron". Pesticidi i fitomedicina 29, nr 3 (2014): 213–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pif1403213s.
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The effects of the herbicide nicosulfuron on the abundance of cellulolytic and proteolytic microorganisms, activity of ?-glucosidase and protease enzymes, and microbial phosphorus biomass were examined. A laboratory bioassay was set up on two types of agricultural soils differing in physicochemical properties. The following concentrations were tested: 0.3, 0.6, 3.0 and 30.0 mg a.i./kg of soil. Samples were collected 3, 7, 14, 30 and 45 days after treatment with nicosulfuron. The results showed that nicosulfuron significantly reduced the abundance of cellulolytic microorganisms in both soils, as well as microbial biomass phosphorus in sandy loam soil. The herbicide was found to stimulate ?-glucosidase and protease activity in both types of soil and microbial biomass phosphorus in loamy soil. Proteolytic microorganisms remained unaffected by nicosulfuron.
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Lee, Hwa, i Eun Ju Cheong. "Correlation between the Concentration of Secondary Metabolites and Soil Microorganisms in Sophora Koreensis Nakai from Different Habitat". Forests 13, nr 7 (9.07.2022): 1079. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13071079.
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Sophora koreensis is an endemic species of Gangwon-do, Korea, that has a variety of applications for foods and for folk remedies. Here this research analyzed and compared compounds present in leaves, stems, and roots of S. koreensis collected from three different habitats in Chuncheon, Inje and Yanggu in South Korea. This research also analyzed soil microorganisms present in the three habitats to determine the correlation between the compound and microorganisms. N-methylcytisine was the most common compound in all three habitats, but the amounts varied with Chuncheon having the highest amount (509 mg/L), followed by Yanggu and Inje(102 mg/L and 39 mg/L, respectively). The composition of microorganisms also varied by habitat. Yanggu, Inje, and Chuncheon had 1013, 973, and 814 taxa, respectively. According to the phylogenetic relations, the composition of the soil microorganisms in Chuncheon was significantly different from the other two. It contained more PAC000121_g (Solibacteres), major taxa in all three habitats (14% in Chuncheon). In contrast less Opitutus minor taxa was found than Yannggu and Inje. The correlation between the soil microorganism N-methylcytisine was analyzed. Among these microorganisms, Paraburkholderia had a positive correlation with N-methylcytisine. Meanwhile, Rhizomicrobium, CP011215_f (Paceibacter), KB906767_g (Solibacteres) and Opitutus negatively correlated with N-methylcytisine. The results suggested that soil microorganisms in the habitats influenced the variations of the N-methylcytisine.
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Hološová, M., A. Eštoková i A. Luptáková. "Overview of the presence of predominant microorganisms on the interface of cementitious materials and soil from selected locations". IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1209, nr 1 (1.12.2021): 012039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1209/1/012039.
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Abstract The presented work focuses on the predominant microorganisms on the interface of cementitious materials and soils from different localities. Soils contain microorganisms that can affect the underground concrete structure positively or negatively. Different types of microorganisms are adapted to the environmental conditions depending on the quality and quantity of elements in the soil. Methodology of the work was based on screening 5 selected localities in the Košice city from which soil was taken in the nearness and in the contact with the concrete structure. These samples were further analysed. In this paper the presence of bacteria in the soil around the construction is confirmed.
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Nicomrat, Duongruitai, Jirasak Tharajak i Paisan Kanthang. "Pesticides Contaminated in Rice Paddy Soil Affecting on Cultivated Microorganism Community". Applied Mechanics and Materials 848 (lipiec 2016): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.848.135.
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It has been known for the diversified microbes living in the soil are basic indicators of changes in the ecosystem especially in paddy soil. The effects of continuous application of pesticides in rice field are widely discussed but still disregarded due to unclear and underestimated by the users and the chemicals also need time to accumulate and slowly affect the environment and health. The objective of this research was to understand the effects of pesticides on microorganism community in rice field. Both the numbers and the types of useful soil microorganisms including nitrogen fixing and common habituated microorganisms were compared in between using and not using chemical pesticides samples. The results showed that productivity of cultured microorganisms in the paddy applied with pesticides has dropped only slightly (approximately 9% reduction), however, more spore-forming Gram positive bacteria were detected. Additionally, increases in common microorganisms in the soil at a depth below than 20-50 cm were observed that could possibly be because of less pesticide availability there comparing to the surface of paddy soil. Although the changes in numbers and types of culturable microbes in the paddy soil contaminated with chemical pesticides were less than the actual diversity of species and cultivars, this study could help primarily indicate the adverse effects of the use of chemical pesticides. They thus interfered the ecological balance of the number and type of microorganisms especially at the site doing pesticide application.
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Sultanova, G., i M. Abdullayeva. "Treatment Method of the Soil, Polluted by Oil and Oil Products in Climatic Conditions of Azerbaijan". Bulletin of Science and Practice 7, nr 7 (15.07.2021): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/68/04.
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In this work, two biotechnological technologies were tested to restore contaminated soils using microorganisms. One technology with the activation of natural microflora and a technology that requires the introduction of oil-oxidizing microorganisms in the form of a biological product. When using biological methods of cleaning soil from oil pollution in combination with agrotechnical methods, the natural microflora of oil-polluted soils was activated. The introduction of a biological product under these conditions makes it possible to increase the intensity of soil cleaning from oil pollution as a result of the cleaning time in comparison with the natural microflora, it can be reduced by 3–4 months. It should be noted that the methods of cleaning oil-contaminated soils using microorganisms in arid soil-climatic conditions are most effective in the spring and until mid-summer. In the summer, due to high temperatures, the activity of microorganisms decreases. Microorganisms become active again in the autumn. During this period, the activity of microorganisms is higher than in the spring period and this is due to the fact that before the summer period the number of microorganisms increases and after a slight decrease in activity, intensive biodegradation of oil pollution continues again.