Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Soil microorganisms

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Soil microorganisms”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021
Data aktualizacji: 11 marca 2023

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Soil microorganisms"

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Kočárek, M., H. Artikov, K. Voříšek i L. Borůvka. "Pendimethalin degradation in soil and its interaction with soil microorganisms". Soil and Water Research 11, No. 4 (12.10.2016): 213–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/226/2015-swr.

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Moorman, Thomas B. "Populations of EPTC-Degrading Microorganisms in Soils by Accelerated Rates of EPTC Degradation". Weed Science 36, nr 1 (styczeń 1988): 96–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500074518.

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Reduced effectiveness of carbamothioate (thiocarbamate) herbicides in certain soils has been attributed to rapid herbicide degradation by soil microorganisms. Studies were conducted to determine if greater populations of EPTC (S-ethyl dipropyl carbamothioate)-degrading microorganisms were responsible for increased rates of degradation observed following repeated applications of EPTC to a Grenada silt loam soil. EPTC-degrading microorganism populations, measured with a14C-MPN (most-probable-number) technique, were not larger in soils with accelerated rates of EPTC degradation, and degrader populations did not increase after application of 6 mg EPTC/kg of soil. Degrader populations increased after application of 60 mg EPTC/kg of soil only in soil previously treated for 6 yr with EPTC. Increased rates of metabolism of EPTC were apparently responsible for the increased rates of degradation, rather than increased populations of degraders.
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Joshi, Madan M., Hugh M. Brown i James A. Romesser. "Degradation of Chlorsulfuron by Soil Microorganisms". Weed Science 33, nr 6 (listopad 1985): 888–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500083557.

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Degradation of chlorsulfuron {2-chloro-N-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-yl)amino] carbonyl] benzenesulfonamide} in acidic and alkaline soils was evaluated using plant bioassay and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) radiotracer techniques. Soil sterilization with either ethylene oxide (Et0) or gamma irradiation significantly reduced breakdown of chlorsulfuron; the ability for degradation was restored by reinoculation with indigenous soil microorganisms. Streptomyces griseolus (a soil actinomycete), Aspergillus niger, and Penicillium sp. (soil fungi) were demonstrated to degrade 14C-chlorsulfuron in pure culture. In addition to microbial breakdown, chemical hydrolysis was an important factor in the disappearance of chlorsulfuron from soil. The contribution of chemical hydrolysis to total degradation was a function of soil pH, with hydrolysis occurring most rapidly in acidic soils. Both dissipation processes slowed markedly at low temperatures.
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Pedraza, Raúl O., Kátia R. S. Teixeira, Ana Fernández Scavino, Inés García De Salamone, Beatriz E. Baca, Rosario Azcón, Vera L. D. Baldani i Ruth Bonilla. "Microorganismos que mejoran el crecimiento de las plantas y la calidad de los suelos. Revisión". Corpoica Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria 11, nr 2 (29.11.2010): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.21930/rcta.vol11_num2_art:206.

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<p>El presente artículo surge de la revisión de la teoría y temas prácticos desarrollados durante el curso”Caracterización y contribución de las plantas que promueven el crecimiento de microorganismos en la sostenibilidad de la agricultura”, llevado a cabo en el Laboratorio de Microbiología de Suelos de la Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (Corpoica), ubicado en Mosquera (Cundinamarca), Colombia, en julio de 2010. Esta actividad fue desarrollada en el marco de la Red Dimiagri que incluye a investigadores de Argentina, Brasil, Colombia, España, Guatemala, México y Uruguay, reunidos en una acción de coordinación financiada por el Programa Iberoamericano de Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo (Cyted). Los aspectos inherentes al crecimiento y la sanidad vegetal, el sistema radical, el suelo circundante (rizósfera), los microorganismos asociados en ese sistema y su contribución al manejo sustentable del complejo suelo-planta fueron analizados en este trabajo. También se abordan temas como la biodiversidad microbiana y su efecto en la calidad del suelo; el ciclado de nutrientes del suelo por acción microbiológica; la importancia de los microorganismos en la promoción del crecimiento vegetal y su utilización biotecnológica como alternativa para favorecer la sustentabilidad y calidad de los suelos. Además se pretende interiorizar en los conceptos relacionados con el consorcio suelo-planta-microorganismo y el objetivo de mitigar el impacto ambiental negativo causado por el uso excesivo de insumos químicos en los cultivos agrícolas, mediante la utilización de microorganismos promotores del crecimiento vegetal, que incluyen tanto a bacterias como a hongos benéficos asociados con las raíces de las plantas.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Microorganisms that enhance plant growth and soil quality. Review</strong></p><p>The present article of revision arise from theory and practical subjects developed during the course “Characterization and contribution of plant growth-promoting microorganisms in the agricultural sustainability” carried out in the Laboratory of Soil Microbiology of the Colombian Corporation of Agricultural Research (Corpoica) located in Mosquera (Cundinamarca), Colombia, in July 2010. This activity is in the framework of the Dimiagri network that includes researchers from Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Spain, Guatemala, Mexico and Uruguay, gathered in a Coordination Action funded by the Iberoamerican Program of Science and Technology for the Development (Cyted). Aspects inherent to the growth and plant health, root system, the surrounding soil (rhizosphere), microorganisms that system partners and their contribution to sustainable management of soil-plant were analyzed in this work. Topics related to the microbial biodiversity and its effect on soil quality; nutrient cycling in the soil by microbiological activity; the importance of microorganisms in plant growthpromotion and their biotechnological application as an alternative to favor sustainability and soil quality were presented. The aim of this review is to show important concepts related to the soil-plant-microorganism system, which will allow to achieve the general objective: to mitigate the negative environmental impact due to the excessive use of chemical products on agricultural crops by using plant growth-promoting microorganisms, including bacteria and beneficial fungi associated to plant roots.</p>
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Sivojiene, Diana, Audrius Kacergius, Eugenija Baksiene, Aiste Maseviciene i Lina Zickiene. "The Influence of Organic Fertilizers on the Abundance of Soil Microorganism Communities, Agrochemical Indicators, and Yield in East Lithuanian Light Soils". Plants 10, nr 12 (2.12.2021): 2648. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10122648.

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Soil microorganisms are one of the main indicators used for assessing the stability of the soil ecosystem, the metabolism in the soil, and its fertility. The most important are the active soil microorganisms and the influence of the fertilizer applied to the soil on the abundance of these microorganisms. We aimed to investigate how the applied organic fertilizers affect the most active soil microorganisms, which determine the soil fertility and stability. Fungi, yeast-like fungi abundance, and abundance of three physiological groups of bacteria were analyzed: non-symbiotic diazotrophic, organotrophic, and mineral nitrogen assimilating. This study is valuable because relatively few similar studies have been performed on infertile Lithuanian soils. The first results of a long-term study were obtained. The results show the effect of fertilizers on trends in the changes of microorganism community diversity; however, more analysis is needed to assess the impact of organic fertilizers on the most active soil microorganisms. Therefore, the investigation was continued. The results of the 2020 quantitative analysis of culturable soil microorganisms show that the highest abundance of organotrophic and non-symbiotic diazotrophic bacteria were recorded during the summer season. Meanwhile, the abundance of bacteria assimilating mineral nitrogen and fungi was higher in autumn. Agrochemical parameters were determined at the beginning of the experiment. The highest concentration of Nmin in the soil was determined after fertilizing the plants with the combination of granulated poultry manure (N170) + biological substance Azotobacter spp. The yield of barley was calculated. It was found that the highest yield of spring barley in 2020 was obtained by fertilizing the experimental field with organic in combination with mineral fertilizers.
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Schweitzer, Jennifer A., Joseph K. Bailey, Dylan G. Fischer, Carri J. LeRoy, Eric V. Lonsdorf, Thomas G. Whitham i Stephen C. Hart. "PLANT–SOIL–MICROORGANISM INTERACTIONS: HERITABLE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PLANT GENOTYPE AND ASSOCIATED SOIL MICROORGANISMS". Ecology 89, nr 3 (marzec 2008): 773–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/07-0337.1.

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Reni Ustiatik, Yulia Nuraini, Suharjono i Eko Handayanto. "Isolation of Mercury-Resistant Endophytic and Rhizosphere Microorganisms from Grasses in Abandoned Gold Mining Area". Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) 49, nr 1 (30.04.2021): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.24831/jai.v49i1.32356.

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There were about 900 hotspots of artisanal and small scale gold mining (ASGM) in Indonesia that recovered gold through amalgamation and cyanidation techniques. Amalgamation technique causes mercury (Hg) pollution to the soil. This study was a preliminary study that aimed to isolate Hg-resistant endophytic and rhizosphere microorganisms from pioneer grasses in the Hg-polluted soil. The most potential microorganism will be used for Hg phytoremediation in the future study. Pioneer grasses were collected from the abandoned gold mining area in Central Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara. Total microorganisms were counted using Colony Forming Unit (CFU) or Standard Plate Count. The microorganism colony was characterized based on morphological characteristics. Hg-resistant endophytic and rhizosphere microorganisms were successfully isolated from pioneer grass (Cynodon dactylon and Eleusine indica) in the study site. The colonies of rhizosphere microorganisms were diverse morphologically compared to endophytic microorganisms based on the number of isolated microorganisms, 20 isolates and 17 isolates, respectively. The density of rhizosphere microorganisms was higher (96%) than endophytic microorganisms (4%). The density of rhizosphere bacteria and fungi were 47x103 and 2x103 CFU g-1, respectively. However, the density of endophytic bacteria and fungi were only 2x103 and 1x103 CFU g-1, respectively. Keywords: endophytic microorganism, Hg-resistant, microorganism density, rhizosphere microorganism
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Demyanyuk, O. S., V. P. Patyka, О. V. Sherstoboeva i A. A. Bunas. "Formation of the structure of microbiocenoses of soils of agroecosystems depending on trophic and hydrothermal factors". Biosystems Diversity 26, nr 2 (14.05.2018): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/011816.

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Ground soil, as the product primarily of the activity of microbiota, is under the permanent influence of ecological and anthropogenous factors. Soils are especially subject to pressure in agroecosystems, which increases due to the considerable fluctuation of climate system parameters. Using graph analysis, we have estimated the results of multiyear monitoring research on the functioning of microbiocenoses of three soil types in agroecosystems depending on the fertilizing and hydrothermal mode. It enabled us to detect peculiarities of formation of the structure soil microbiocenoses and to better understand ecologically important relations between functional groups of microorganisms in the soil depending on action of different factors. It has been determined that neither application of organic and mineral fertilizers into chernozem nor action of hydrothermal factors (temperature air and humidity) is a crucial characteristic of changing in the structure of its microbiocenosis. Microorganisms-producers of exopolysaccharides, which have a strong relationship with all trophic groups of microorganisms as they are their structural components, turned out to be the main block constructing factor, which is due to their strong influence on total content of microbal mass in soil. For soil of agroecosystems with dark-grey type of soil characteristic of content of total biomass of microorganisms is a basis for block constructing gremium, which affirms the state of microbiocenosis and processes occurring there under the action of researched biotic and abiotic factors. Microbiocenosis of sod-podzolic soil, unlike the other researched types of soils, reacted distinctly on applying of fertilizer and depended on the action of hydrothermal factors. Contrast in the range of hydrothermal regime caused a chaotic character of interaction between the basic characteristics in microbiocenosis of sod-podzolic soil with appearance of a direct and mediated relationship among them. Regardless of changes in hydrothermal factors , interactions between characteristics of total microbial mass content, eutrophic microorganisms, which use mineral and organic forms of nitrogen, and producers of exopolysaccharides were stable. It has been proved that estimating of ecological state of soil and influence of applicable agromeasures on it should be conducted according to the indices of total microorganism biomass content in the soil and correlation between the number of microorganisms which form the graph gremium.
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Černohlávková, J., J. Hofman, T. Bartoš, M. Sáňka i P. Anděl. "Effects of road deicing salts on soil microorganisms". Plant, Soil and Environment 54, No. 11 (2.12.2008): 479–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/431-pse.

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In this study, the effects of road salting on the quality of forest soils near the road were monitored in the Krkonoše Mountains (Czech Republic). Physical, chemical properties and microbial parameters of soils were determined and the toxic potentials of soil water extracts were evaluated using the bacterial tests (Microtox and <I>Pseudomonas putida</I> growth inhibition test). Increased concentrations of Na<sup>+</sup> ions (up to 100 mg/kg) and pH values up to 8 were found closer to the road. Microbial biomass and respiration activity were significantly reduced at the roadside (ANOVA; <I>P</I> < 0.05), and the metabolic quotients showed that the microbial community was apparently under stress. Large stimulation of <I>Pseudomonas putida</I> growth was determined, especially for salinized samples closest to the road. Oppositely, results showed the unsuitability of bacteria toxicity tests in such cases of pollution. Assessment of intrinsic soil microbial communities is more ecologically relevant and shows the effects that cannot be detected by bacterial toxicity tests.
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Gömöryová, Erika, Gabriela Barančíková, Erika Tobiašová, Ján Halás, Rastislav Skalský, Štefan Koco i Dušan Gömöry. "Responses of soil microorganisms to land use in different soil types along the soil profiles". Soil and Water Research 15, No. 2 (11.03.2020): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/20/2019-swr.

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The objective of this study was to find out how land use affects the soil microbial attributes in different soil types and to which depth. The study was performed in Slovakia (Europe) in three areas differing in soil type (Chernozem, Stagnosol, Cambisol). Within each area, three localities with different land use (forest, grassland, cropland), representing a gradient with different intensity of management, were chosen. The soil samples were taken along a single soil profile up to a depth of 1 m with 10 cm increments at each locality. In the soil samples, the basic soil chemical properties and microbial attributes were determined. The effect of the land use on the microbial biomass and basal respiration was mainly observed in the Chernozem in the top 30 cm, while in the Stagnosol, no difference in the trend in the microbial biomass between the different ecosystems along the soil profile was found. The N-mineralisation reflected the different management practices especially in the Cambisol in the top 20 cm. The most distinct differences in the catalase activity between the soils differing in land use were found in the Cambisol along the whole profile. The richness and diversity of the functional groups did not differ significantly between the soils with the different land use and also no uniform responses of the functional groups composition to the land use were observed. The microbial biomass and activity were mainly affected by the amount of the soil organic matter; the intensity of the impact differed according to the soil type.
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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Soil microorganisms"

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Ezzi, Mufaddal I. "Cyanide detoxification by soil microorganisms". Thesis, University of Surrey, 2001. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/842816/.

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Cyanides enter the environment through both natural and man-made sources. Natural sources include cyanogenesis by bacteria, fungi and plants. A number of cyanide catabolising microorganisms have also been reported in literature. This is the first reported instance of cyanide catabolism in Trichoderma harzianum. Four strains of T. harzianum, one of T. pseudokoningii were evaluated. An investigation was made into the occurrence and distribution of the cyanide catabolising enzymes. Three enzymes, cyanide hydratase, beta-cyanoalanine synthase and rhodanese, were studied. All the strains showed a high capacity to degrade cyanide via both the cyanide hydratase and rhodanese pathways, beta-cyanoalanine synthase activity, however, was not detected in any of the selected strains. In the studies on the kinetic characterization of the rhodanese enzyme, a broad pH optimum of 8.5 - 10.5 was obtained for all the strains and a broad temperature optimum of 35 - 55 °C was also observed. The KmCN and Vmax values ranged from 7-16 mM and from 0.069 - 0.093 betamoles. Min-1. mg protein-1, respectively, between the selected strains of Trichoderma. Strong evidence of cyanide biodegradation and co-metabolism emerged from studies with flask cultures where glucose was provided as a co-substrate. The rate of degradation of 2000 ppm CIST was enhanced almost three times in the presence of glucose. Plant microcosm studies carried out using pea and wheat seeds too gave further corroboration of the cyanide degrading and plant growth promotion capabilities of Trichoderma. Microcosms set-up with cyanide at 50 or 100 ppm CN, in the presence of Trichoderma, showed germination of both pea and wheat seeds. There was no seed germination in any of the controls in the absence of Trichoderma inoculation.
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James, Phillip. "Towards the biogeography of British soil microorganisms". Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1840.

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Soils are complex and highly variable ecosystems within which a multitude of diverse microbial populations can be found. Here the effects of co-correlating environmental variables and spatial separation upon the diversity and community structure of two microbial kingdoms is investigated using several molecular based community assessment methods. Using an optimised nucleic acid extraction procedure, suitable for landscape scale surveys of microbial biogeography, large scale bacterial and fungal targeted terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (t-RFLP) analysis was undertaken on soils collected as part of the Countryside Survey 2007 to show that populations of both kingdoms are structured, in part, by variability in environmental and edaphic conditions as well as spatial separation. In the case of soil bacteria, pH was identified as the most important environmental variable, although computed models suggest that many other environmental variables also play strong roles. Fungal systems have weaker relationships with environmental variability and stronger spatial relationships, although dominant plant species and soil pH were shown to significantly affect community structure. However, comparing results generated from different genes with different taxonomic resolutions hinders accurate comparisons between divergent microbial kingdoms. Pyrosequencing analysis was undertaken on 15 geographically isolated soil samples forming a natural pH gradient to address the changes in bacterial and fungal populations at great sequencing depth and at taxonomic resolutions closer to the species level. Again, in both cases, members of these kingdoms responded to differences in soil pH and the above ground plant community. A number of bacterial and fungal taxa were found to be responsible for the changes in community structure and diversity noted in the t-RFLP based experiments and are proposed as candidates for indicators of soil pH. In summary soil bacterial and fungal populations are structured according to complex laws relating to co-correlating environmental and spatial variables. This leads to the hypothesis that microbial communities are structured in similar ways to terrestrial macro organisms, and thus ecological theories derived from observations of larger animals may be investigated within the microbial world.
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Li, Ying. "Fluorescence microscopic observations of microorganisms in soil". The Ohio State University, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1283178984.

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Cruz, Juliana Cristina Sodário [UNESP]. "Aspectos microbiológicos e químicos em solo submetido à solarização". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97234.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2003Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:16:46Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 cruz_jcs_me_botfca.pdf: 261941 bytes, checksum: 429c0454a3c1d34be05ecfd232f3ad29 (MD5)
A técnica de solarização vem sendo utilizada em pequenas propriedades como uma alternativa de substituição de defensivos agrícolas no controle de fitopatógenos, insetos, plantas daninhas e nematóides de solo. Desta forma, instalou-se um experimento em condições de campo, numa área da Fazenda Experimental Lageado, campus da UNESP no município de Botucatu – SP (latitude 22°51’S e longitude 48°26’W) para se avaliar o impacto desta técnica sobre a comunidade microbiana de um solo caracterizado como Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico, textura média. Inicialmente, incorporou-se uma fonte de matéria orgânica ao solo (couve Brassica oleraceae var. acephala L. fresca e triturada) na quantidade de 4kg.m-2. Posteriormente, umedeceu-se o mesmo e cobriu-se com filme plástico transparente de polietileno aditivado com 150mm de espessura. Fez-se vedação lateral de cada parcela, para se evitar a dispersão de gases e aumentar-se o efeito térmico natural. O experimento obedeceu a delineamento fatorial 2x2x4 (solo solarizado e não solarizado x com e sem incorporação de couve x épocas de coleta). Os tratamentos foram: a)adição de couve sem solarização; b)solarização e adição couve; c)testemunha, sem adição de couve e sem solarização; d)solarização sem adição de couve, com três repetições cada tratamento... .
The soil solarization technique has been used in small properties as an alternative to substitute chemical defensives for phytopathogens, insects, damage causing plants and soil nematode control. A field condition experiment was carried out in an area of Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas - Botucatu - SP - Brazil (latitude 22°51’S and longitude 48° 26’ W) in order to evaluate the technique impact on the microbial community of soil characterized as Distrofic Red Latosoil, medium texture. Initially, a source of organic material was incorporated to the soil (kale- Brassica oleraceae var acephala L. fresh and ground) in the amount of 4 kg.m-2. After that, it was moisturized a covered with transparent additivated polyethylene plastic film 150mm tick. Lateral sealing of each alloment was made, in order to avoid gas dispersal and to increase natural thermal effect. The experiment followed a 2x2x4 factorial outline (solarized and non solarized soil x with and without kale incorporaton x four times of harvest). The treatments were: a) addition of kale incorporation; b) solarization and addition of kale; c) witness, without addition of kale and without solarization; d) solarization without addition of kale; with three repetitions of each treatment. Samples composed of soil from each allotment were collected from 0-10cm deep, with the first collecting performed seven days after the experiment implantation in the field, and the further ones as intervals of 14 days, from January to March 2001, being afterwards taken to the area of Departamento de Produção Vegetal, (Defesa Fitossanitária) for microbiological analysis... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below).
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Meyer, Kyle. "The biogeography and functional ecology of tropical soil microorganisms". Thesis, University of Oregon, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/22289.

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Tropical ecosystems are some of the most diverse and productive ecosystems on the planet. These ecosystems are also some of the most threatened worldwide and this is largely driven by agricultural expansion. Predicting biotic responses to such forms of environmental change is a challenge that requires an increased understanding of the factors structuring these communities in both pristine environments as well as environments that are undergoing environmental change. Studying patterns in the spatial structure of communities can provide important insights into ecological and evolutionary processes structuring communities. Combining such approaches with analyses of the distribution of activity and the genomic content of communities can help us better understand relationships between community structure and function. I explore the topics of microbial spatial scaling, activity, and gene content in both pristine tropical rainforest environments as well as tropical regions undergoing agricultural conversion. I first pose a fundamental question in microbial spatial ecology, i.e. why do microorganisms tend to show weaker spatial patterns than macro-organisms? I show that trees and soil microorganisms differ in the rates at which their communities change over space. I test the hypothesis that low rates of spatial turnover in microbial communities are an artifact of how we assess the community structure of microbial communities and show that sampling extent is likely the main driver of these differences. Next, I examine a Central Africa ecosystem that is undergoing conversion to agriculture. I show that there are numerous indications of biotic homogenization in these soil microbial communities and that the active fraction of the community shows a more pronounced response to environmental change. Finally, I examine two microbial processes in the Amazon Basin that have been reported to change following conversion to agriculture: methane production and methane consumption. I investigate changes to the genes and taxa involved in these processes and propose a new conceptual framework for how these processes might be changing. Work in this thesis contributes to a broader understanding of the spatial and functional ecology of tropical microorganisms and offers perspectives useful for those interested in predicting and mitigating the impacts of environmental change on these communities.
2019-02-17
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Bray, Andrew William. "Mineral weathering and soil formation : the role of microorganisms". Thesis, University of Leeds, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/6848/.

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Mycorrhizal fungi play a significant role in primary mineral weathering and soil formation. Due to their direct access to solar energy through symbiotic plant partners, fungi are able to extend into soils, acting as biosensors for nutrients which they subsequently uptake and supply to their plant partners. Mycorrhizal fungi operate at the individual hypha scale, mechanically forcing and chemically altering minerals to extract nutrient elements. The hyphae acidify their local environment by exuding organic acids, which are also involved in mineral breakdown. To extend the work on mycorrhizal fungal biotite weathering completed as part of the Weathering Science Consortium the mechanisms and kinetics of biotite dissolution were investigated. This was done by characterising the biotite surface as a function of fluid composition and measuring dissolution rates. During contact with dilute solutions, the chemical composition of the biotite surface changed dramatically as a function of pH. The rapid release of elements during these experiments was not stoichiometric but was highly pH dependent. A combination of electrokinetic measurements and potentiometric titrations further highlighted the variable composition of the biotite surface by yielding two values for zero points of charge, separated by ~7 pH units. Abiotic dissolution of biotite progressed by the formation of a dissolution front depleted in K Mg, Fe and Al, the extent of which varies spatially and with pH. The presence of the organic ligands, citric acid, oxalic acid and DFOB (desferrioxamine B) slightly enhanced the overall biotite dissolution rate in lightly acidic and near neutral pH conditions. The growth rate of mycorrhizal fungi over the surface of biotite was quantified at two levels of atmospheric CO2, 350 ppm and 1500 ppm. Initial growth rate calculations in the 1500 ppm experiments revealed hyphae to grow at an average of 10 μm d-1. Finally, changes in the biochemistry of fungal hypha were observed using μ-FTIR. Results suggested that biochemical changes present could be related to changes in fungal functionality spatially in future work.
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Wright, David Andrew. "Protozoan predation of bacteria in soil". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1994. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU068158.

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Survival of P. fluorescens 10586s FAC510 was studied in liquid culture and soil microcosms in the presence of the ciliate C. steinii and the flagellate Cercomonas sp. Both protozoa caused a reduction in bacterial viable cell concentration, however the ciliate caused a greater decrease in abundance. Starvation of the bacterial prey caused a reduction in grazing rates of both the ciliate and flagellate, indicating the lower nutrional quality of starved as opposed to non-starved cells. Manipulation of the physiological state of prey cells, by starvation, had much the same effect as observed when bacterial prey resources are reduced. Luminescence provided a valuable marker for monitoring P. fluorescens 10586s FAC510 in liquid culture and soil, since detection by luminometry provided a sensitive, rapid, and non-extractive technique for measurement of microbial activity. In the presence of C. steinii, bacterial activity increased, whilst predation by Cercomonas sp. caused a reduction. The different responses of the bacterial inoculum may reflect the divergent balance between bacterial turnover, leading to nutrient regeneration, and grazing strategies, which are selective of the two protozoa. The distribution of bacterial cells in the soil pore network was manipulated by adjustment of the antecedant matric potential prior to inoculation. The ability to predominantly place bacterial and protozan cells in specific pore size classes was confirmed by partial chloroform fumigation and resin impregnated sections of soil.
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Palmieri, Celso Tomás [UNESP]. "Avaliação da produção de Co2 em solo incorporado com substrato destinado ao uso agrícola por absorção de radiação infravermelha". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/91892.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:25:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-09-13Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:33:13Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 palmieri_ct_me_rcla.pdf: 395782 bytes, checksum: daeb45b072eb0ac555536326213d1e7b (MD5)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Este trabalho constitui-se de uma pesquisa multidisciplinar envolvendo física, química, e meio ambiente. Nesta pesquisa foi feito um estudo visando avaliar a absorção de radiação infravermelha da produção de CO2 em solo incorporado com substrato (sementes de aveia amarela, capim-seda, milho, milheto e outros invasores mais inoculação microbiana), com a finalidade de quantificar as emissões deste tipo de solo e as diferenças destas emissões de CO2 com relação à esse mesmo tipo de solo sem a incorporação deste substrato. O material foi coletado na Fundação Mokiti Okada localizada no Município de Ipeúna, interior do Estado de São Paulo SP. O solo retirado foi caracterizado como latossolo vermelho-escuro, argiloso, bem compactado, pouco poroso e com grande capacidade de saturação de água . Foram coletados dois tipos de solos: o solo incorporado com substrato e o não compactado com substrato. Ambos, foram devidamente triturados, peneirados com diâmetro de 2,5 mm e secos na sombra por um período de 12 dias e acondicionados em 12 vasos de cerâmica. Seis desses vasos continham solos não tratados com substrato e seis solos tratados com o substrato acima mencionado. Em cada vaso foi colocado uma quantia de 5.000 mL de solo, onde os mesmos foram umedecidos um dia antes da coleta dos dados. Os vasos receberam 1.200 mL de água, valor este gerado em função da capacidade de campo. No interior de cada vaso foi fixado balde de plástico que através do processo de oxidação da matéria orgânica foi produzido CO2 onde o mesmo foi medido pela câmera respirométrica LI-820 a qual possui leitor ótico infravermelho capaz de medir o fluxo de CO2. Os dados coletados demonstraram que os seis vasos tratados com substratos produziram CO2 em uma proporção muito maior do que os vasos com solos não tratados.
Abstrct: This work is constituted of a research multidisciplinar involving physics, chemistry, and environment. In this research it was made a study seeking to evaluate the absorption of infrared radiation of the production of CO2 in incorporate soil with substratum (seeds of oats yellow, grass-silk, corn, milheto and other invaders more microbial inoculation), with the purpose of quantifying the emissions of this soil type and the differences of these emissions of CO2 regarding to that same soil type without the incorporation of this substratum. The material was collected in the Fundação Mokiti located Okada in the Municipal district of Ipeúna, interior of the State of São Paulo - SP. The solitary soil was characterized as latossolo red-darkness, loamy, well compacted, little porous and with great capacity of saturation of water. Two types of soils were collected: the incorporate soil with substratum and the no compacted with substratum. Both, they were triturated properly, drizzled with diameter of 2,5 mm and dry in the shadow for a period of 12 days and conditioned in 12 ceramic vases. Six of those vases contained soils no treated with substratum and six soils treated with the substratum above mentioned. In each vase an amount of 5.000 soil mL was put, where the same ones were moistened one day before the collection of the data. The vases received 1.200 mL of water, value this generated in function of the field capacity. Inside each vase it was fastened bucket of plastic that through the process of oxidation of the organic matter CO2 was produced where the same was measured by the camera respirométrica READ-820 which possesses infrared optic reader capable to measure the flow of CO2. The collected data demonstrated that the six vases treated with substrata produced CO2 in a much larger proportion than the vases with soils no treated.
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Cruz, Juliana Cristina Sodário 1975. "Aspectos microbiológicos e químicos em solo submetido à solarização /". Botucatu : [s.n.], 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97234.

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Orientador: Marli Teixeira Almeida Minhoni
Resumo: A técnica de solarização vem sendo utilizada em pequenas propriedades como uma alternativa de substituição de defensivos agrícolas no controle de fitopatógenos, insetos, plantas daninhas e nematóides de solo. Desta forma, instalou-se um experimento em condições de campo, numa área da Fazenda Experimental Lageado, campus da UNESP no município de Botucatu - SP (latitude 22°51'S e longitude 48°26'W) para se avaliar o impacto desta técnica sobre a comunidade microbiana de um solo caracterizado como Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico, textura média. Inicialmente, incorporou-se uma fonte de matéria orgânica ao solo (couve Brassica oleraceae var. acephala L. fresca e triturada) na quantidade de 4kg.m-2. Posteriormente, umedeceu-se o mesmo e cobriu-se com filme plástico transparente de polietileno aditivado com 150mm de espessura. Fez-se vedação lateral de cada parcela, para se evitar a dispersão de gases e aumentar-se o efeito térmico natural. O experimento obedeceu a delineamento fatorial 2x2x4 (solo solarizado e não solarizado x com e sem incorporação de couve x épocas de coleta). Os tratamentos foram: a)adição de couve sem solarização; b)solarização e adição couve; c)testemunha, sem adição de couve e sem solarização; d)solarização sem adição de couve, com três repetições cada tratamento... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo).
Abstract: The soil solarization technique has been used in small properties as an alternative to substitute chemical defensives for phytopathogens, insects, damage causing plants and soil nematode control. A field condition experiment was carried out in an area of Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas - Botucatu - SP - Brazil (latitude 22°51'S and longitude 48° 26' W) in order to evaluate the technique impact on the microbial community of soil characterized as Distrofic Red Latosoil, medium texture. Initially, a source of organic material was incorporated to the soil (kale- Brassica oleraceae var acephala L. fresh and ground) in the amount of 4 kg.m-2. After that, it was moisturized a covered with transparent additivated polyethylene plastic film 150mm tick. Lateral sealing of each alloment was made, in order to avoid gas dispersal and to increase natural thermal effect. The experiment followed a 2x2x4 factorial outline (solarized and non solarized soil x with and without kale incorporaton x four times of harvest). The treatments were: a) addition of kale incorporation; b) solarization and addition of kale; c) witness, without addition of kale and without solarization; d) solarization without addition of kale; with three repetitions of each treatment. Samples composed of soil from each allotment were collected from 0-10cm deep, with the first collecting performed seven days after the experiment implantation in the field, and the further ones as intervals of 14 days, from January to March 2001, being afterwards taken to the area of Departamento de Produção Vegetal, (Defesa Fitossanitária) for microbiological analysis... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below).
Mestre
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Lakzian, Amir. "Diversity and metal tolerance of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae in soils contaminated with heavy metals". Thesis, Imperial College London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287779.

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Książki na temat "Soil microorganisms"

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Shrivastava, Neeraj, Shubhangi Mahajan i Ajit Varma, red. Symbiotic Soil Microorganisms. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51916-2.

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Witzany, Günther, red. Biocommunication in Soil Microorganisms. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14512-4.

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L, Somani L., i Bhandari S. C, red. Soil microorganisms and crop growth. Jodhpur, India: Divyajyoti Prakashan, 1989.

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R. M. C. P. Rajapaksha. Soil biodiversity: Microorganisms in soils of Sri Lanka. Battaramulla, Sri Lanka: Biodiversity Secretariat, Mnistry of Environment & Renewable Energy, 2014.

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1959-, Wang Kan, Herrera-Estrella Alfredo i Van Montagu Marc, red. Transformation of plants and soil microorganisms. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press, 1995.

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M, Huang P., Bollag J. -M i Senesi N, red. Interactions between soil particles and microorganisms: Impact on the terrestrial ecosystem. Chichester, West Sussex, England: John Wiley & Sons, 2002.

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Hyde, Natalie. Micro life in soil. New York: Crabtree Pub., 2010.

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Hyde, Natalie. Micro life in soil. New York: Crabtree Pub., 2010.

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Kumar, Manoj, Hassan Etesami i Vivek Kumar, red. Saline Soil-based Agriculture by Halotolerant Microorganisms. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8335-9.

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Olayinka, A. Soil microorganisms, wastes, and national food security. Ile-Ife [Nigeria]: Obafemi Awolowo University Press, 2009.

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Części książek na temat "Soil microorganisms"

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Costa, Joana, Rui S. Oliveira, Igor Tiago, Ying Ma, Cristina Galhano, Helena Freitas i Paula Castro. "Soil Microorganisms". W Advances in Plant Ecophysiology Techniques, 457–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93233-0_27.

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Kuhad, Ramesh Chander, Surender Singh, Lata i Ajay Singh. "Phosphate-Solubilizing Microorganisms". W Soil Biology, 65–84. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19769-7_4.

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Chandra, Niharika, i Sunil Kumar. "Antibiotics Producing Soil Microorganisms". W Soil Biology, 1–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66260-2_1.

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Foght, Julia, i Jackie Aislabie. "Enumeration of Soil Microorganisms". W Soil Biology, 261–80. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-28904-6_13.

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Hampp, R., i M. T. Tarkka. "Interaction with Soil Microorganisms". W Soil Biology, 197–210. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-95894-9_12.

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Dick, Richard P., Charles Yamoah, Mateugue Diack i Aminata N. Badiane. "Soil Microorganisms and Soil Fertility". W Sustaining Soil Fertility in West Africa, 23–43. Madison, WI, USA: Soil Science Society of America and American Society of Agronomy, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaspecpub58.ch2.

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Sree, K. Sowjanya, i Ajit Varma. "An Introduction to Entomopathogenic Microorganisms". W Soil Biology, 1–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14499-3_1.

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Guauque-Torres, María Pilar, i Ana Yanina Bustos. "Laccases for Soil Bioremediation". W Microorganisms for Sustainability, 165–209. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9117-0_8.

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Hirsch, Penny R. "Microorganisms Cycling Soil Nutrients". W Modern Soil Microbiology, 179–92. Third edition. | Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, 2019.: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429059186-11.

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Poonam i Narendra Kumar. "Natural and Artificial Soil Amendments for the Efficient Phytoremediation of Contaminated Soil". W Microorganisms for Sustainability, 1–32. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9664-0_1.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Soil microorganisms"

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Ivantsova, Elena. "THE IMPACT OF PESTICIDES ON SOIL MICROORGANISMS". W 15th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2015. Stef92 Technology, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2015/b51/s20.121.

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Farooq, S., I. Hashmi, M. Arshad i I. A. Qazi. "Acetanilide herbicide degradation using indigenous soil microorganisms". W SAFE 2013. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/safe130611.

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Ruml, Tomas, Dietmar Klotz i Richard Tykva. "Analysis of bioremediation of pesticides by soil microorganisms". W European Symposium on Optics for Environmental and Public Safety, redaktor Tuan Vo-Dinh. SPIE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.224088.

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González, A. Muñoz, A. López Piñeiro i M. Ramírez Fernández. "Viability of culturable soil microorganisms during freeze storage". W Proceedings of the II International Conference on Environmental, Industrial and Applied Microbiology (BioMicroWorld2007). WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812837554_0024.

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Dokhtukayeva, Ayna M., Tanzila M. Khamzatova, Yakhita S. Usaeva, Fatima S. Turlova, Luiza G. Molochaeva, Madina M. Arsanova i Amina L. Elderkhanova. "The Influence of Pesticide Carbocide on Soil Microorganisms". W International scientific and practical conference "AgroSMART - Smart solutions for agriculture" (AgroSMART 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/agrosmart-18.2018.173.

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SATO, N., Y. OGANE i S. SUGITA. "USEFUL MICROORGANISMS SUPPRESS THE SALT-INJURY IN SOIL". W Proceedings of the 4th International Conference. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812702623_0142.

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Mariam Paul, Nivya, i Variampally Sankar Harikumar. "Effects of biochar on soil microbial community composition using PLFA profiling- A review". W 7th GoGreen Summit 2021. Technoarete, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36647/978-93-92106-02-6.5.

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Biochar is a charcoal like substance produced from organic biomass after pyrolysis. Biochar act as a good soil conditioner by increasing microbial activities, soil nutrition and soil structure. Soil microorganisms are involved in litter decomposition and soil nutrient mineralization which is important in the sustainable development of plants and trees. The functioning of an ecosystem is controlled by biogeochemical cycles driven by microorganisms. The cell membrane of all microorganisms is composed of phospholipids that are easily metabolized after the cell death. Hence, phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis of microorganisms can be used for the characterization of living microbial communities. PLFA analysis is a lipid based, culture independent biochemical technique. Therefore, PLFAs can be used for the characterization of soil microbial community structure that are not able to cultivated by the conventional methods. This profiling act as a biological register of soil health, and as an indicator of soil response to different field management systems like biochar.
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Vadasz, Alisa S., Peter Vadasz, Jeff G. Leid, Amanda Andrade, Emily Cope, Elizabeth Dobbs, Chen Kiat Yong i Steven Zavodnyik. "Monotonic Growth of Motile Microorganisms". W ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-13982.

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The research results presented here are part of a more extensive effort regarding sustained bioconvection in porous media. Bioconvection is the phenomenon of gravity driven fluid motion due to buoyancy forces resulting from density differences between the fluid and motile micro-organisms suspended in the fluid. While the field of bio-convection in pure fluids emerged substantially over the past decade the corresponding effects of bio-convection in porous media received much less attention, despite the fact that micro-organisms grow naturally in porous environments; soil, food and human tissues serve as basic examples. The research focuses in two major new directions. The first deals with the theoretical and experimental investigation of bio-convection in porous media. The second major new direction is linked to the sustainability of the bio-convection motion. The existing work on bio-convection in both pure fluids and porous media exclude micro-organism growth during the bio-convection because the time scales concerned were very short. However, when the question of the sustainability of this convection over long times arises, microorganism growth has to be accounted for. If sustained bio-convection in porous media is possible it opens the avenue to investigate its impact on microbial proliferation in soil, food and human tissue, an important avenue for application of the theoretical results. Then, if bio-convection enhances microbial proliferation it may be undesirable in some cases, e.g. in food, or it might be desirable if specific micro-organisms that can be used for contaminated soil remediation will be "helped" by the bio-convection process to access contaminated regions in the soil. The theoretical and experimental results presented in this paper reflect the process of monotonic growth of motile microorganisms (e.g. the PAOI strain of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa) to be included in the bioconvection process. A new proposed model is shown to be the appropriate one to better reflect both conceptually as well as practically the microbial growth process.
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Mantrova, M. V. "COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PARAMETERS, QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION OF THE MAIN GROUPS OF MICROORGANISMS AND PHYTOTOXICITY OF CERTAIN TYPES OF SOILS IN SURGUT". W STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF AGRIBUSINESS. DSTU-PRINT, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/interagro.2020.1.704-708.

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The article presents a comparative analysis of 4 urban soils-culturosem, 2 urbanozem and undisturbed podzolic soil (control) - by physical and chemical parameters, the quantitative composition of the main groups of microorganisms and phytotoxicity. Urban soils differ from the background and from each other in terms of acidity, saturation of bases, and lead content; they lead in the number of microorganisms and have a stimulating effect on radish seeds and seedlings.
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Phale, P. S. "Biodegradation of carbaryl and phthalate isomers by soil microorganisms". W Environmental Health Risk 2005. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/ehr050431.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Soil microorganisms"

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Lundy, D. Z., J. C. Hunter-Cevera i G. J. Moridis. Susceptibility of polysiloxane and colloidal silica to degradation by soil microorganisms. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), listopad 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/578622.

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Crowley, David, Yitzhak Hadar i Yona Chen. Rhizosphere Ecology of Plant-Beneficial Microorganisms. United States Department of Agriculture, luty 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7695843.bard.

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Rhizoferrin, a siderophore produced by Rhizopus arrhizus, has been shown in previous studies to be an outstanding Fe carrier to plants. However, calculations based on stability constants and thermodynamic equilibrium lead to contradicting conclusions. In this study a kinetic approach was employed to elucidate this apparent contradiction and to determine the behavior of rhizoferrin under conditions representing soil and nutrient solutions. Stability of Fe3+ complexes in nutrient solution, rate of metal exchange with Ca, and rate of Fe extraction by the free ligand were monitored for rhizoferrin and other chelating agents by 55Fe labeling. Ferric complexes of rhizoferrin, desferri-ferrioxamine-B (DFOB), and ethylenediamine-di(o-hydroxyphenylacetic acid) (EDDHA) were found to be stable in nutrient solution at pH 7.5 for 31 days, while ferric complexes of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and mugineic acid (MA) lost 50% of the chelated Fe within 2 days. Fe-Ca exchange in Ca solutions at pH 8.7 revealed rhizoferrin to hold Fe at non-equilibrium state for 3-4 weeks at 3.3 mM Ca and for longer periods at lower Ca concentrations. EDTA lost the ferric ion at a faster rate under the same conditions. Fe extraction from freshly prepared Fe-hydroxide at pH 8.7 and with 3.2 mM Ca was slow and followed the order. DFOB > EDDHA > MA > rhizoferrin > EDTA. Based on these results we suggest that a kinetic rather than equilibrium approach should be the basis for predictions of Fe-chelates efficiency. We conclude that the non-equilibrium state of rhizoferrin is of crucial importance for its behavior as a Fe carrier to plants.
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Hicks, R. J., i P. Van Voris. Review and evaluation of the effects of xenobiotic chemicals on microorganisms in soil. [139 references]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), luty 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5406358.

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STIFEEV, A. I., V. I. LAZAREV i O. V. NIKITINA. THE ROLE OF MICROORGANISMS IN THE CIRCULATION OF SUBSTANCES AND SOIL FERTILITY OF THE CENTRAL BLACK EARTH. Bulletin of the Kursk State Agricultural Academy, 2019, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/issn1997-0749.2019-09-03.

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Bolton, H. Jr, J. K. Fredrickson, S. A. Bentjen, D. J. Workman, S. W. Li i J. M. Thomas. Field calibration of soil-core microcosms for evaluating fate and effects of genetically engineered microorganisms in terrestrial ecosystems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), kwiecień 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5708022.

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Hakim Boukhalfa Mary, P. Neu Alvin Crumbliss. Interaction of Actinide Species with Microorganisms & Microbial Chelators: Cellular Uptake, Toxicity, & Implications for Bioremediation of Soil & Ground Water. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), marzec 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/878161.

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VanderGheynst, Jean, Michael Raviv, Jim Stapleton i Dror Minz. Effect of Combined Solarization and in Solum Compost Decomposition on Soil Health. United States Department of Agriculture, październik 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7594388.bard.

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In soil solarization, moist soil is covered with a transparent plastic film, resulting in passive solar heating which inactivates soil-borne pathogen/weed propagules. Although solarization is an effective alternative to soil fumigation and chemical pesticide application, it is not widely used due to its long duration, which coincides with the growing season of some crops, thereby causing a loss of income. The basis of this project was that solarization of amended soil would be utilized more widely if growers could adopt the practice without losing production. In this research we examined three factors expected to contribute to greater utilization of solarization: 1) investigation of techniques that increase soil temperature, thereby reducing the time required for solarization; 2) development and validation of predictive soil heating models to enable informed decisions regarding soil and solarization management that accommodate the crop production cycle, and 3) elucidation of the contributions of microbial activity and microbial community structure to soil heating during solarization. Laboratory studies and a field trial were performed to determine heat generation in soil amended with compost during solarization. Respiration was measured in amended soil samples prior to and following solarization as a function of soil depth. Additionally, phytotoxicity was estimated through measurement of germination and early growth of lettuce seedlings in greenhouse assays, and samples were subjected to 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing to characterize microbial communities. Amendment of soil with 10% (g/g) compost containing 16.9 mg CO2/g dry weight organic carbon resulted in soil temperatures that were 2oC to 4oC higher than soil alone. Approximately 85% of total organic carbon within the amended soil was exhausted during 22 days of solarization. There was no significant difference in residual respiration with soil depth down to 17.4 cm. Although freshly amended soil proved highly inhibitory to lettuce seed germination and seedling growth, phytotoxicity was not detected in solarized amended soil after 22 days of field solarization. The sequencing data obtained from field samples revealed similar microbial species richness and evenness in both solarized amended and non-amended soil. However, amendment led to enrichment of a community different from that of non-amended soil after solarization. Moreover, community structure varied by soil depth in solarized soil. Coupled with temperature data from soil during solarization, community data highlighted how thermal gradients in soil influence community structure and indicated microorganisms that may contribute to increased soil heating during solarization. Reliable predictive tools are necessary to characterize the solarization process and to minimize the opportunity cost incurred by farmers due to growing season abbreviation, however, current models do not accurately predict temperatures for soils with internal heat generation associated with the microbial breakdown of the soil amendment. To address the need for a more robust model, a first-order source term was developed to model the internal heat source during amended soil solarization. This source term was then incorporated into an existing “soil only” model and validated against data collected from amended soil field trials. The expanded model outperformed both the existing stable-soil model and a constant source term model, predicting daily peak temperatures to within 0.1°C during the critical first week of solarization. Overall the results suggest that amendment of soil with compost prior to solarization may be of value in agricultural soil disinfestations operations, however additional work is needed to determine the effects of soil type and organic matter source on efficacy. Furthermore, models can be developed to predict soil temperature during solarization, however, additional work is needed to couple heat transfer models with pathogen and weed inactivation models to better estimate solarization duration necessary for disinfestation.
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Jones, Robert, Molly Creagar, Michael Musty, Randall Reynolds, Scott Slone i Robyn Barbato. A 𝘬-means analysis of the voltage response of a soil-based microbial fuel cell to an injected military-relevant compound (urea). Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), listopad 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45940.

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Biotechnology offers new ways to use biological processes as environmental sensors. For example, in soil microbial fuel cells (MFCs), soil electro-genic microorganisms are recruited to electrodes embedded in soil and produce electricity (measured by voltage) through the breakdown of substrate. Because the voltage produced by the electrogenic microbes is a function of their environment, we hypothesize that the voltage may change in a characteristic manner given environmental disturbances, such as the contamination by exogenous material, in a way that can be modelled and serve as a diagnostic. In this study, we aimed to statistically analyze voltage from soil MFCs injected with urea as a proxy for gross contamination. Specifically, we used 𝘬-means clustering to discern between voltage output before and after the injection of urea. Our results showed that the 𝘬-means algorithm recognized 4–6 distinctive voltage regions, defining unique periods of the MFC voltage that clearly identify pre- and postinjection and other phases of the MFC lifecycle. This demonstrates that 𝘬-means can identify voltage patterns temporally, which could be further improve the sensing capabilities of MFCs by identifying specific regions of dissimilarity in voltage, indicating changes in the environment.
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Zak, D. R., i K. S. Pregitzer. Changes in the flux of carbon between plants and soil microorganisms at elevated CO{sub 2}: Physiological processes with ecosystem-level implications. Progress report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), maj 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10175084.

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Cytryn, Eddie, Mark R. Liles i Omer Frenkel. Mining multidrug-resistant desert soil bacteria for biocontrol activity and biologically-active compounds. United States Department of Agriculture, styczeń 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7598174.bard.

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Control of agro-associated pathogens is becoming increasingly difficult due to increased resistance and mounting restrictions on chemical pesticides and antibiotics. Likewise, in veterinary and human environments, there is increasing resistance of pathogens to currently available antibiotics requiring discovery of novel antibiotic compounds. These drawbacks necessitate discovery and application of microorganisms that can be used as biocontrol agents (BCAs) and the isolation of novel biologically-active compounds. This highly-synergistic one year project implemented an innovative pipeline aimed at detecting BCAs and associated biologically-active compounds, which included: (A) isolation of multidrug-resistant desert soil bacteria and root-associated bacteria from medicinal plants; (B) invitro screening of bacterial isolates against known plant, animal and human pathogens; (C) nextgeneration sequencing of isolates that displayed antagonistic activity against at least one of the model pathogens and (D) in-planta screening of promising BCAs in a model bean-Sclerotiumrolfsii system. The BCA genome data were examined for presence of: i) secondary metabolite encoding genes potentially linked to the anti-pathogenic activity of the isolates; and ii) rhizosphere competence-associated genes, associated with the capacity of microorganisms to successfully inhabit plant roots, and a prerequisite for the success of a soil amended BCA. Altogether, 56 phylogenetically-diverse isolates with bioactivity against bacterial, oomycete and fungal plant pathogens were identified. These strains were sent to Auburn University where bioassays against a panel of animal and human pathogens (including multi-drug resistant pathogenic strains such as A. baumannii 3806) were conducted. Nineteen isolates that showed substantial antagonistic activity against at least one of the screened pathogens were sequenced, assembled and subjected to bioinformatics analyses aimed at identifying secondary metabolite-encoding and rhizosphere competence-associated genes. The genome size of the bacteria ranged from 3.77 to 9.85 Mbp. All of the genomes were characterized by a plethora of secondary metabolite encoding genes including non-ribosomal peptide synthase, polyketidesynthases, lantipeptides, bacteriocins, terpenes and siderophores. While some of these genes were highly similar to documented genes, many were unique and therefore may encode for novel antagonistic compounds. Comparative genomic analysis of root-associated isolates with similar strains not isolated from root environments revealed genes encoding for several rhizospherecompetence- associated traits including urea utilization, chitin degradation, plant cell polymerdegradation, biofilm formation, mechanisms for iron, phosphorus and sulfur acquisition and antibiotic resistance. Our labs are currently writing a continuation of this feasibility study that proposes a unique pipeline for the detection of BCAs and biopesticides that can be used against phytopathogens. It will combine i) metabolomic screening of strains from our collection that contain unique secondary metabolite-encoding genes, in order to isolate novel antimicrobial compounds; ii) model plant-based experiments to assess the antagonistic capacities of selected BCAs toward selected phytopathogens; and iii) an innovative next-generation-sequencing based method to monitor the relative abundance and distribution of selected BCAs in field experiments in order to assess their persistence in natural agro-environments. We believe that this integrated approach will enable development of novel strains and compounds that can be used in large-scale operations.
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