Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Soil microbial biomass

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Soil microbial biomass”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021
Data aktualizacji: 10 marca 2023

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Soil microbial biomass"

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Pan, Yunlong, Fei Fang i Haiping Tang. "Patterns and Internal Stability of Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus in Soils and Soil Microbial Biomass in Terrestrial Ecosystems in China: A Data Synthesis". Forests 12, nr 11 (9.11.2021): 1544. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12111544.

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Inspired by the strict constraint ratio (relatively low variability) between carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) in global soils and soil microbial biomass, our study explores the biogeographic distribution of C:N:P stoichiometric ratios in soils and soil microbial biomass in China and seeks to identify areas with similar ratios. Our study also attempts to determine the impacts of soil and soil microbial biomass C:N:P in China and the factors determining the ratio. The element concentrations may vary in each phylogenetic group of soils and soil microbial communities in China’s terrestrial ecosystems, as they do in global terrestrial ecosystems. However, on average, the C:N:P ratios for soil (66:5:1) and soil microbial biomass (22:2:1) are highly constrained within China. Soil microbial biomass C, N, and P concentrations have relatively weak internal stability, while soil microbial biomass C:N, C:P, and N:P ratios do not have internal stability at the national scale and in different terrestrial ecosystems of China. Unlike plant N:P, which can be used as the basis for evaluations of nutrient restrictions, the use of soil or soil microbial biomass N:P to evaluate soil nutrients is not universal. Latitude is the main factor influencing the patterns of soil C, N, and P. Longitude is the main factor determining the patterns of soil microbial biomass C, N, and P. pH is the main nonzonal factor affecting the patterns of soil and soil microbial biomass C, N, and P. The findings of this study are helpful in understanding the spatial pattern of soils and soil microbial biomass and their influencing factors in regions with complex ecosystems.
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Jenkinson, D. "Measuring soil microbial biomass". Soil Biology and Biochemistry 36, nr 1 (styczeń 2004): 5–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2003.10.002.

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Murphy, D. V., G. P. Sparling i I. R. P. Fillery. "Stratification of microbial biomass C and N and gross N mineralisation with soil depth in two contrasting Western Australian agricultural soils". Soil Research 36, nr 1 (1998): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/s97045.

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The distribution of microbial biomass C and N and the decline in gross N mineralisation and NH4+ consumption with soil depth was investigated in 2 soils with different soil texture and land use. Soils were from an annual pasture on a loamy sand and from a sandy clay loam previously cropped with wheat. Intact soil cores were collected from the surface 0–10 cm in steel tubes and were sampled in 2·5 cm layers. Disturbed soil down to 50 cm was collected in 10 cm sections using a sand auger. Microbial biomass was estimated by chloroform fumigation and 0·5 M K2SO4 extraction. Microbial biomass C was determined from the flush in ninhydrin-positive compounds, and microbial biomass N from the flush in total soluble N after K2S2O8 oxidation. Gross N mineralisation and NH4+ consumption were estimated by 15N isotopic dilution using 15NH3 gas injection to label the soil 14NH4+ pool with 15N. The pattern of distribution of the microbial biomass and the rate of N transformations were similar for both soils. There was a rapid decline in microbial biomass C and N and gross N mineralisation with soil depth. Approximately 55% of the microbial biomass, 70–88% of gross N mineralisation, and 46–57% of NH4+ consumption was in the surface 0–10 cm in both soils. There was also a stratification of microbial biomass and gross N mineralisation within the 0–10 cm layer of intact soil cores. It was estimated that one-quarter of the total microbial biomass and at least one-half of the total gross N mineralisation within the soil profiles (0–50 cm) was located in the surface 2·5 cm layer. These results demonstrate the importance of the surface soil layer as a major source of microbial activity and inorganic N production. There was a strong correlation between the distribution of microbial biomass and the gross rate of mineralisation of soil organic N within the soil profile.
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Carpio, María José, Carlos García-Delgado, Jesús María Marín-Benito, María Jesús Sánchez-Martín i María Sonia Rodríguez-Cruz. "Soil Microbial Community Changes in a Field Treatment with Chlorotoluron, Flufenacet and Diflufenican and Two Organic Amendments". Agronomy 10, nr 8 (8.08.2020): 1166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10081166.

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The soil microbial activity, biomass and structure were evaluated in an unamended (S) and organically amended soil treated with two commercial formulations of the herbicides chlorotoluron (Erturon®) and flufenacet plus diflufenican (Herold®) under field conditions. Soils were amended with spent mushroom substrate (SMS) or green compost (GC). Soil microbial dehydrogenase activity (DHA), biomass and structure determined by the phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles were recorded at 0, 45, 145, 229 and 339 days after herbicide treatment. The soil DHA values steadily decreased over time in the unamended soil treated with the herbicides, while microbial activity was constant in the amended soils. The amended soils recorded higher values of concentrations of PLFAs. Total soil microbial biomass decreased over time regardless of the organic amendment or the herbicide. Herbicide application sharply decreased the microbial population, with a significant modification of the microbial structure in the unamended soil. In contrast, no significant differences in microbial biomass and structure were detected in S + SMS and S + GC, untreated or treated with herbicides. The application of SMS and GC led to a significant shift in the soil microbial community regardless of the herbicides. The use of SMS and GC as organic amendments had a certain buffer effect on soil DHA and microbial biomass and structure after herbicide application due to the higher adsorption capacity of herbicides by the amended soils.
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Mühlbachová, G. "Potential of the soil microbial biomass C to tolerate and degrade persistent organic pollutants". Soil and Water Research 3, No. 1 (21.03.2008): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2096-swr.

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A 12-day incubation experiment with the addition of glucose to soils contaminated with persistent organic pollutants (POPs) was carried out in order to estimate the potential microbial activities and the potential of the soil microbial biomass C to degrade 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethane (DDT), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The microbial activities were affected in different ways depending on the type of pollutant. The soil organic matter also played an important role. The microbial activities were affected particularly by high concentrations of PAHs in the soils. Soil microorganisms in the PAHs contaminated soil used the added glucose to a lesser extent than in the non-contaminated soil, which in the contaminated soil resulted in a higher microbial biomass content during the first day of incubation. DDT, DDD and DDE, and PCB affected the soil microbial activities differently and, in comparison with control soils, decreased the microbial biomass C during the incubation. The increased microbial activities led to a significant decrease of PAH up to 44.6% in the soil long-term contaminated with PAHs, and up to 14% in the control soil after 12 days of incubation. No decrease of PAHs concentrations was observed in the soil which was previously amended with sewage sludges containing PAHs and had more organic matter from the sewage sludges. DDT and its derivates DDD and DDE decreased by about 10%, whereas the PCB contents were not affected at all by microbial activities. Studies on the microbial degradation of POPs could be useful for the development of methods focused on the remediation of the contaminated sites. An increase of soil microbial activities caused by addition of organic substrates can contribute to the degradation of pollutants in some soils. However, in situ biodegradation may be limited because of a complex set of environmental conditions, particularly of the soil organic matter. The degradability and availability of POPs for the soil microorganisms has to be estimated individually for each contaminated site.
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Arora, Sanjay, i Divya Sahni. "Pesticides effect on soil microbial ecology and enzyme activity- An overview". Journal of Applied and Natural Science 8, nr 2 (1.06.2016): 1126–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v8i2.929.

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In modern agriculture, chemical pesticides are frequently used in agricultural fields to increase crop production. Besides combating insect pests, these insecticides also affect the activity and population of beneficial soil microbial communities. Chemical pesticides upset the activities of soil microbes and thus may affect the nutritional quality of soils. This results in serious ecological consequences. Soil microbes had different response to different pesticides. Soil microbial biomass that plays an important role in the soil ecosystem where they have crucial role in nutrient cycling. It has been reported that field application of glyphosate increased microbial biomass carbon by 17% and microbial biomass nitrogen by 76% in nine soils at 14 days after treatment. The soil microbial biomass C increased significantly upto 30 days in chlorpyrifos as well as cartap hydrochloride treated soil, but thereafter decreased progressively with time. Soil nematodes, earthworms and protozoa are affected by field application rates of the fungicide fenpropimorph and other herbicides. Thus, there is need to assess the effect of indiscriminate use of pesticides on soil microorganisms, affecting microbial activity and soil fertility.
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Hasebe, Akira, Shinjiro Kanaza Wa i Yasuo Takai. "Microbial Biomass in Paddy Soil". Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 31, nr 3 (wrzesień 1985): 349–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00380768.1985.10557442.

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Rosinger, Christoph, i Michael Bonkowski. "Soil age and soil organic carbon content shape biochemical responses to multiple freeze–thaw events in soils along a postmining agricultural chronosequence". Biogeochemistry 155, nr 1 (7.06.2021): 113–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10533-021-00816-5.

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AbstractFreeze–thaw (FT) events exert a great physiological stress on the soil microbial community and thus significantly impact soil biogeochemical processes. Studies often show ambiguous and contradicting results, because a multitude of environmental factors affect biogeochemical responses to FT. Thus, a better understanding of the factors driving and regulating microbial responses to FT events is required. Soil chronosequences allow more focused comparisons among soils with initially similar start conditions. We therefore exposed four soils with contrasting organic carbon contents and opposing soil age (i.e., years after restoration) from a postmining agricultural chronosequence to three consecutive FT events and evaluated soil biochgeoemical responses after thawing. The major microbial biomass carbon losses occurred after the first FT event, while microbial biomass N decreased more steadily with subsequent FT cycles. This led to an immediate and lasting decoupling of microbial biomass carbon:nitrogen stoichiometry. After the first FT event, basal respiration and the metabolic quotient (i.e., respiration per microbial biomass unit) were above pre-freezing values and thereafter decreased with subsequent FT cycles, demonstrating initially high dissimilatory carbon losses and less and less microbial metabolic activity with each iterative FT cycle. As a consequence, dissolved organic carbon and total dissolved nitrogen increased in soil solution after the first FT event, while a substantial part of the liberated nitrogen was likely lost through gaseous emissions. Overall, high-carbon soils were more vulnerable to microbial biomass losses than low-carbon soils. Surprisingly, soil age explained more variation in soil chemical and microbial responses than soil organic carbon content. Further studies are needed to dissect the factors associated with soil age and its influence on soil biochemical responses to FT events.
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Mühlbachová, G. "Microbial biomass dynamics after addition of EDTA into heavy metal contaminated soils". Plant, Soil and Environment 55, No. 12 (28.12.2009): 544–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/124/2009-pse.

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An incubation experiment with addition of EDTA and alfalfa into soils contaminated with heavy metal over 200 years was carried out in order to evaluate the EDTA effects on microbial properties. Alfalfa was added to soils together with EDTA to examine its abilities to improve microbial activities affected by EDTA. The obtained results showed that the addition of EDTA led to a significant decrease of microbial biomass C during the first 24 days of incubation. At the end of the experiment the microbial biomass C significantly increased quite close to the original level. The EDTA amendment caused, probably due to the toxic effects, a significant increase in respiratory activities and of the metabolic quotient <i>q</i>CO<sub>2</sub>. An addition of alfalfa significantly improved the microbial biomass C contents in arable soils treated together with EDTA. Both, respiratory activities and <i>q</i>CO<sub>2</sub> significantly increased after the soil treatment with EDTA together with alfalfa. EDTA alone decreased the microbial biomass, alfalfa alone as organic substrate was mineralised and utilised by soil microorganisms for their metabolism.
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Ma, L., C. Guo, X. Lü, S. Yuan i R. Wang. "Soil moisture and land use are major determinants of soil microbial community composition and biomass at a regional scale in northeastern China". Biogeosciences 12, nr 8 (30.04.2015): 2585–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-2585-2015.

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Abstract. Global environmental factors impact soil microbial communities and further affect organic matter decomposition, nutrient cycling and vegetation dynamic. However, little is known about the relative contributions of climate factors, soil properties, vegetation types, land management practices and spatial structure (which serves as a proxy for underlying effects of temperature and precipitation for spatial variation) on soil microbial community composition and biomass at large spatial scales. Here, we compared soil microbial communities using phospholipid fatty acid method across 7 land use types from 23 locations at a regional scale in northeastern China (850 × 50 km). The results showed that soil moisture and land use changes were most closely related to microbial community composition and biomass at the regional scale, while soil total C content and climate effects were weaker but still significant. Factors such as spatial structure, soil texture, nutrient availability and vegetation types were not important. Higher contributions of gram-positive bacteria were found in wetter soils, whereas higher contributions of gram-negative bacteria and fungi were observed in drier soils. The contributions of gram-negative bacteria and fungi were lower in heavily disturbed soils than historically disturbed and undisturbed soils. The lowest microbial biomass appeared in the wettest and driest soils. In conclusion, dominant climate and soil properties were not the most important drivers governing microbial community composition and biomass because of inclusion of irrigated and managed practices, and thus soil moisture and land use appear to be primary determinants of microbial community composition and biomass at the regional scale in northeastern China.
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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Soil microbial biomass"

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Contin, Marco. "ATP concentration in the soil microbial biomass". Thesis, Coventry University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270692.

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Hart, Murray. "Effects of pesticides on the soil microbial biomass and microbial activity". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1995. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11542/.

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This thesis describes research investigating the side-effects of pesticides on soil microbial biomass and microbial activity, with particular reference to two recently developed pesticides, a fungicide, epoxiconazole, and a herbicide, quinmerac. In a dose-responsee xperiment,a pplication of thesep esticidest o a sandy loam soil, at up to 10 and 20 times field rate, had no significant effect on soil microbial biomass C or ninhydrin-reactive N, over 84 days incubation. There was also no effect on soil respiration, except for the higher rate quinmerac-treated soil, which evolved 13% lessC02-Cthan the control. The rate of mineralisation of epoxiconazole and quinmerac, and their long-term effect on soil respiration, were measured in three contrasting soils: a sandy loam, a silty clay loam, and a clay soil, using 14C -labelled active ingredients. The kinetics of the pesticides' mineralisation were quite different, epoxiconazole being hyperbolic, while quinmerac was sigmoidal. The maximum amount of mineralisation of both pesticides occurred in the silty clay loam soil, which had the lowest microbial biomass content. The mineralisation of the pesticides was increased by the addition of ryegrass, with the greatest effect in the silty clay loam soil, probably because of the large ryegrass C: biomass C ratio. The mineralisation of epoxiconazole was affected by the ryegrass amendment much more than quinmerac. Further additions of the pesticides had no significant effect on soil respiration or pesticide mineralisation. The mineralisation of epoxiconazole and quimnerac was further investigated in the silty clay loam soil, using samples with different crop management histories, and the effects of ryegrass and glucose amendment. Pesticide mineralisation was shown to be related to the amount of soil microbial biomass, indicating that the difference in mineralisation rate between the three soil types above was not due to differences in their crop management, but innate differences in soil chemistry and microbiology. Ryegrass addition stimulated the mineralisation of epoxiconazole more than quinmerac, while the reverse was true for glucose, indicating that the pesticides were being degraded by two distinct fractions of the microbial biomass. The effects of long-term cumulative field application of the pesticides benomyl, chlorfenvinphos, aldicarb, triadimefon and glyphosate, on soil microbial biomass and mineralisation of soil organic matter were investigated. The addition of aldicarb consistently increased the microbial biomass, due to its beneficial effect on crop growth, but this effect was not reflected in the rate of organic matter mineralisation. However, in general, the continued application of these pesticides for up to 19 years, at slightly higher than the recommended rates, had very little effect on the soil microbial population. The effects of epoxiconazole and triadimefon on soil ergosterol content and microbial biomass C were compared in a sandy loam soil. Both pesticides temporarily reduced soil ergosterol by about 30%, while biomass C remained largely unaffected. However, when straw was added to the soils, the inhibition of ergosterol was still evident, as was an inhibitory effect on biomass C. The measurement of soil ergosterol was more sensitive to the pesticide effects than biomass C, and could be a useful test in determining changes in fungal populations.
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Barajas-Aceves, Martha. "Soil microbial biomass and organic matter dynamics in metal-contaminated soils". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260604.

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Wu, Dan Hua. "The effect of water potential on soil microbial biomass". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.290290.

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This study investigated the effect of water potential on soil microbial C and N pools. Two soil types were treated with additions of salt solution to establish osmotic water potentials, and by ceramic plate - pressure chamber apparatus to establish matric water potentials. Soils were then subjected to short-term incubations. Soil microbial C and N contents (BC and BN) were measured mainly by the fumigation-extraction and fumigation-incubation methods. Results showed that both Microbial C and N pools were markedly affected by soil water potential. The soil microbial C content always showed an increase with increasing water stress and then a decrease beyond a threshold value of water stress, compared to the microbial C content at a control water potential of -0.03 MPa (-0.3 Bar). This response pattern to water stress was true, not only for osmotic stress, but also for matric stress, and regardless of the osmotic agent employed. The response pattern of the microbial N pool to water stress generally contrasted with that of the C pool, and depended on the osmotic strength of the extraction solution (K2SO4) used in the determination. Non-isotonic extraction after fumigation resulted in a decrease in microbial N content with increasing water stress, while isotonic extraction resulted in an increase with increasing water stress, beyond a threshold value of water stress. Soil microbial C/N ratio always increased with increasing water stress. Matric water stress had a more marked effect on BC and BN than osmotic stress. The possible reasons for the response patterns of BC, BN and microbial C/N ratio have been discussed in this thesis. Some suggestions on the methodology of microbial biomass measurement for water stressed soil samples have been made, and mainly relate to the biomass fumigation techniques and possible changes in the Kc, Kce and Kn values under water stress, and to the substrate induced respiration (SIR) method and suppressed respiration under water stress.
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Puri, Geeta. "The contribution of soil microbial nitrogen to the gross rate of N mineralisation in a temperate woodland soil". Thesis, University of Reading, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384882.

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Ehaliotis, Constantinos. "Nitrogen turnover during decomposition of recalcitrant plant residues in acid soils". Thesis, Imperial College London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243408.

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Al, Fassi Fahad Abdulrahman. "The microbial ecology of heathland soil with special reference to factors affecting microbial biomass and activity". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318137.

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Bol, Roland Adrianus Phillippus Franciscus. "The effect of liming on the phenolic compounds in the soil". Thesis, Bangor University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385807.

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Carter, Jonathan Philip. "Population biology of Trichoderma spp. used as inoculants". Thesis, University of Reading, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329046.

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SANTOS, Uemeson José dos. "Frações do carbono e indicadores biológicos em solo do semiárido sob diferentes usos e coberturas vegetais". Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2016. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/6570.

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The land use in Caatinga has caused changes in their properties, as well as behavior and quality of organic matter. extractive character changes, agro pastoral and agricultural biome has taken this to an unsustainable condition, with profound changes in the dynamics and the stock C and its fractions, linked to changes in the microbial community that plays an important role in nutrient cycling in the soil. The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in soil C, its labile and recalcitrant but the activity and microbial diversity in soils under different vegetation covers and historical uses. seven areas were studied which consisted of native forest (F) without human action, forest with predominance of mimosa (AF) and the other with ipe (IP); three areas converted into farmland irrigated elephant grass (EG), irrigated corn (MI) and corn without irrigation (M); and a farmyard area (NF). They were collected in different areas samples at depths of 0-5, 5-10 and 10-20 cm, respectively. Evaluated the total stocks of C and N, water-soluble carbon (CSA) and the C cumulative mineralized after 32 days of incubation, the carbon oxidizable fractions (F1, F2, F3 and F4) and its fractions humic soil (C-FAH C-FAF and C-HUM), C microbial biomass, microbial quotient (qMIC) and structure the microbial community by phospholipid fatty acid analysis (PFLA). The conversion of the savanna for maize cultivation causes a decrease of 56 and 38% in stocks of C and N in the soil. The larger C stocks were observed in AF coverage, while for N, M stood out with lower stocks of this element and also below at all depths to the CSA. The C mineralizable showed linear behavior, observing a reduction in average C mineralized accumulated up to 21.03% in the intermediate depth. The AF, F and IP coverage had higher carbon content in oxidizable fractions for all depths evaluated. The AF area showed higher C levels in labile forms. The C of humic fractions showed inventories in C-FAF fractions and C-FAH 3.59 and 3.73 t ha-1, respectively for AF area; and 22.64 t ha-1 in C-HUM fraction for EG. The area with MI showed greater efficiency in the use of C for microorganisms at different depths. For CBM, coverage with F had a higher concentration, down to 78.32% in depth. Further total Pflas EG concentrations were observed in the area with a larger population of bacteria and fungi in relation to the predominance of gram positive bacteria over gram negative. F1 fractions, CSA and CHUN contributed most significantly to the increase in the stock of C and N soil. Areas converted agícola production, has the potential to change the fractions of COS and microbial activity, especially when it is making use of irrigation in these environments. The EG coverage was more efficient in the use of C and preservation of MOS, combined with a high microbial community, providing better soil quality.
A utilização do solo sob Caatinga tem ocasionado alterações nas suas propriedades, assim como no comportamento e na qualidade da matéria orgânica. Alterações de caráter extrativista, agropastoril e agrícola tem levado esse bioma a uma condição de insustentabilidade, com profundas alterações na dinâmica e no estoque do C e suas frações, atreladas às modificações na comunidade microbiana que exerce importante função na ciclagem de nutrientes no solo. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar as alterações no C do solo, suas frações lábeis e recalcitrantes além da atividade e diversidade microbiana em solos sob diferentes coberturas vegetais e históricos de usos. Foram estudadas sete áreas que consistiram em floresta nativa (F) sem ação antrópica, floresta com predominância de angico (AF) e outra com ipê (IP); três áreas convertidas em cultivos agrícolas de capim elefante irrigado (EG), milho irrigado (MI) e milho sem irrigação (M); e uma área de capoeira (NF). Foram coletadas nas diferentes áreas amostras nas profundidades de 0-5, 5-10 e 10-20 cm, respectivamente. Avaliaram-se os estoques totais de C e N, carbono solúvel em água (CSA) e o C mineralizável acumulado aos 32 dias de incubação, as frações oxidáveis do carbono (F1, F2, F3 e F4) e suas frações nas substâncias húmicas do solo (C-FAH, C-FAF e C-HUM), o C da biomassa microbiana, quociente microbiano (qMIC) e a estrutura da comunidade microbiana através da análise de fosfolipídeos de ácidos graxos (PFLA). A conversão da caatinga para o cultivo de milho ocasionou diminuição de 56 e 38% nos estoques de C e N no solo. Os maiores estoques de C foram observados na cobertura AF, enquanto para o N, o M destacou-se com menores estoques deste elemento, sendo também inferior em todas as profundidades para o CSA. O C mineralizável apresentou comportamento linear, observando-se uma redução na média de C mineralizado acumulado de até 21,03% na profundidade intermediária. As coberturas AF, F e IP obtiveram maiores teores de carbono nas frações oxidáveis para todas as profundidades avaliadas. A área AF apresentou maiores teores de C nas formas lábeis. O C das frações húmicas, apresentaram estoques nas frações C-FAF e C-FAH de 3,59 e 3,73 t ha-1, respectivamente para área AF; e 22,64 t ha-1 na fração C-HUM para EG. A área com MI demonstrou maior eficiência na utilização do C pelos microrganismos nas diferentes profundidades. Para o CBM, a cobertura com F obteve maior concentração, com redução de até 78,32% em profundidade. Maiores concentrações de PFLAs totais foram observadas na área EG, com uma maior população de bactérias em relação aos fungos e maior predominância de bactérias gram positivas em relação as gram negativas. As frações F1, CSA e a C-HUM contribuíram de forma mais expressiva para o aumento do estoque de C e N do solo. Áreas convertidas para produção agícola, tem o potencial de alterar as frações do COS e atividade microbiana, sobretudo quando faz o uso de irrigação nesses ambientes. A cobertura EG foi mais eficiente na utilização do C e preservação da MOS, aliada a uma alta comunidade microbiana, proporcionando melhor qualidade do solo.
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Książki na temat "Soil microbial biomass"

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K, Ritz, Dighton J i Giller K. E, red. Beyond the biomass: Compositional and functional analysis of soil microbial communities. Chichester: Wiley, 1994.

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Claycomb, Peter T. Measurement of microbial biomass phosphorus in Oregon soils. 1992.

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Tate, Kevin Russel. Microbial Biomass: A Paradigm Shift in Terrestrial Biochemistry. World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd, 2017.

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Granatstein, David. Long-term tillage and rotation effects on soil microbial biomass, carbon, and nitrogen. 1986.

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Dighton, John, i K. Ritz. Beyond the Biomass: Compositional and Functional Analysis of Soil Microbial Communities. John Wiley & Sons Inc, 1994.

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Money, Nicholas P. 6. Microbial ecology and evolution. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199681686.003.0006.

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Many ecosystems are wholly microbial and the activities of microorganisms provide the biochemical foundation for plant and animal life. ‘Microbial ecology and evolution’ describes how plants depend upon the complex redox reactions of microbes that fertilize the soil by fixing nitrogen, converting nitrites to nitrates, enhancing the availability of phosphorus and trace elements, and recycling organic matter. Eukaryotic microorganisms are similarly plentiful and essential for the sustenance of plants and animals. Bacteria, archaea, and single-celled eukaryotes are the masters of the marine environment, harnessing the energy that supports complex ecological interactions between aquatic animals. Bacteria and archaea form 90% of the ocean biomass and surface waters are filled with eukaryotic algae.
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Buckeridge, Kate M. The allocation of inorganic nitrogen (15NH4+ ) to soil, microbial and plant biomass in an Arctic salt marsh. 2004.

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Kirchman, David L. Microbial growth, biomass production, and controls. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789406.003.0008.

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Soon after the discovery that bacteria are abundant in natural environments, the question arose as to whether or not they were active. Although the plate count method suggested that they were dormant if not dead, other methods indicated that a large fraction of bacteria and fungi are active, as discussed in this chapter. It goes on to discuss fundamental equations for exponential growth and logistic growth, and it describes phases of growth in batch cultures, continuous cultures, and chemostats. In contrast with measuring growth in laboratory cultures, it is difficult to measure in natural environments for complex communities with co-occurring mortality. Among many methods that have been suggested over the years, the most common one for bacteria is the leucine approach, while for fungi it is the acetate-in ergosterol method. These methods indicate that the growth rate of the bulk community is on the order of days for bacteria in their natural environment. It is faster in aquatic habitats than in soils, and bacteria grow faster than fungi in soils. But bulk rates for bacteria appear to be slower than those for phytoplankton. All of these rates for natural communities are much slower than rates measured for most microbes in the laboratory. Rates in subsurface environments hundreds of meters from light-driven primary production and high organic carbon conditions are even lower. Rates vary greatly among microbial taxa, according to data on 16S rRNA. Copiotrophic bacteria grow much faster than oligotrophic bacteria, but may have low growth rates when conditions turn unfavorable. Some of the factors limiting heterotrophic bacteria and fungi include temperature and inorganic nutrients, but the supply of organic compounds is perhaps most important in most environments.
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Części książek na temat "Soil microbial biomass"

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Bloem, J., D. W. Hopkins i A. Benedetti. "Microbial biomass and numbers." W Microbiological methods for assessing soil quality, 73–113. Wallingford: CABI, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9780851990989.0073.

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Rössner, H., R. Kuhnert-Finkernagel, R. Öhlinger, T. Beck, A. Baumgarten i B. Heilmann. "Indirect Estimation of Microbial Biomass". W Methods in Soil Biology, 47–75. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60966-4_4.

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Inubushi, Kazuyuki, i Yuhua Kong. "Soil Microbial Biomass and C Storage of an Andosol". W Soil Carbon, 173–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04084-4_18.

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Dare, Michael Olajire, J. A. Soremekun, F. O. Inana, O. S. Adenuga i G. A. Ajiboye. "Microbial Biomass Carbon and Nitrogen Under Different Maize Cropping Systems". W Soil Carbon, 305–11. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04084-4_32.

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Rinklebe, Jörg, i Uwe Langer. "Soil Microbial Biomass and Phospholipid Fatty Acids". W Methods in Biogeochemistry of Wetlands, 331–48. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssabookser10.c17.

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Anderson, Traute-Heidi. "Soil Microbial Biomass and Activity Estimations in Forest Soils". W Responses of Forest Ecosystems to Environmental Changes, 738–39. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2866-7_139.

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Reuter, S., i R. Kubiak. "Soil Management Systems to Support Soil Microbial Biomass in Vineyards". W Conservation Agriculture, 401–5. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1143-2_49.

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Baldrian, P., i J. Gabriel. "Adsorption of Heavy Metals to Microbial Biomass". W The Utilization of Bioremediation to Reduce Soil Contamination: Problems and Solutions, 115–25. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0131-1_7.

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Jensen, B. K. "Evaluation of Different Biomass Parameters for Microbial Monitoring of Oil Polluted Ground Water". W Contaminated Soil ’88, 243–45. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2807-7_41.

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Corcimaru, S., G. H. Merenuic i B. P. Boincean. "Soil Organic Matter and Soil Microbial Biomass in the Balti Long-Term Experiments". W Soil as World Heritage, 261–66. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6187-2_24.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Soil microbial biomass"

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Peng, Jingjing. "Study of Soil Microbial Biomass and Enzymatic Activity". W 2018 International Conference on Mechanical, Electronic, Control and Automation Engineering (MECAE 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/mecae-18.2018.150.

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Zhao, Zi-chao, Juan Zhao, Wen-nian Xu i Shun-bo Zhu. "Soil microbial biomass and soil enzyme activity on the different slopes". W 2011 International Conference on Electronics, Communications and Control (ICECC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icecc.2011.6067973.

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Zhao, Xin, Jia Jin, Haiying Guan i Sinan Zhang. "Spatial pattern of soil microbial biomass in a typical arid ecosystem". W International Conference on Environment and Sustainability. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/ices140441.

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Zhichen, Yang, Li Hong i Bai Jinshun. "Effects on Soil Organic Carbon and Microbial Biomass Carbon of Different Tillage". W 2015 AASRI International Conference on Circuits and Systems (CAS 2015). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/cas-15.2015.6.

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Qidujiya, Haitang. "Soil microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen and nitrogen mineralization of grazing intensity response". W 2011 Second International Conference on Mechanic Automation and Control Engineering. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mace.2011.5988831.

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Mariam Paul, Nivya, i Variampally Sankar Harikumar. "Effects of biochar on soil microbial community composition using PLFA profiling- A review". W 7th GoGreen Summit 2021. Technoarete, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36647/978-93-92106-02-6.5.

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Biochar is a charcoal like substance produced from organic biomass after pyrolysis. Biochar act as a good soil conditioner by increasing microbial activities, soil nutrition and soil structure. Soil microorganisms are involved in litter decomposition and soil nutrient mineralization which is important in the sustainable development of plants and trees. The functioning of an ecosystem is controlled by biogeochemical cycles driven by microorganisms. The cell membrane of all microorganisms is composed of phospholipids that are easily metabolized after the cell death. Hence, phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis of microorganisms can be used for the characterization of living microbial communities. PLFA analysis is a lipid based, culture independent biochemical technique. Therefore, PLFAs can be used for the characterization of soil microbial community structure that are not able to cultivated by the conventional methods. This profiling act as a biological register of soil health, and as an indicator of soil response to different field management systems like biochar.
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Bayoumi Hamuda, Hosam E. A. F. "Impact of Trifluralin and 2,4-D on Soil Microbial Biomass and Enzymatic Activities". W 2019 International Council on Technologies of Environmental Protection (ICTEP). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ictep48662.2019.8968980.

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Baoshan, Yang, Chen Qinglin i Wang Hui. "Effects of the Contamination of Atrazine and Pb on Soil Microbial Biomass Carbon". W 2015 AASRI International Conference on Circuits and Systems (CAS 2015). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/cas-15.2015.2.

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Jie Liu, Xiawei Peng i Zhihui Bai. "Effect of pyrene contamination on soil microbial biomass and community structure using PLFA analysis". W 2011 International Conference on Remote Sensing, Environment and Transportation Engineering (RSETE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rsete.2011.5965917.

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Guomei Jia, Baolin Zhang, Zhenru Wu i Fangqing Chen. "Microbial biomass and nutrients in soil at the different ages of Citrus in Three Gorges Reservoir area". W 2011 International Symposium on Water Resource and Environmental Protection (ISWREP). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iswrep.2011.5893367.

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