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Sofo, Adriano, Alba Nicoletta Mininni i Patrizia Ricciuti. "Soil Macrofauna: A key Factor for Increasing Soil Fertility and Promoting Sustainable Soil Use in Fruit Orchard Agrosystems". Agronomy 10, nr 4 (25.03.2020): 456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10040456.
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Soils and crops in orchard agrosystems are particularly vulnerable to climate change and environmental stresses. In many orchard soils, soil biodiversity and the ecosystem services it provides are under threat from a range of natural and manmade drivers. In this scenario, sustainable soil use aimed at increasing soil organic matter (SOM) and SOM-related benefits, in terms of soil quality and fertility, plays a crucial role. The role of soil macrofaunal organisms as colonizers, comminutors and engineers within soils, together with their interactions with microorganisms, can contribute to the long-term sustainability of orchard soils. Indeed, the continuous physical and chemical action of soil fauna significantly affects SOM levels. This review paper is focused on the most advanced and updated research on this argument. The analysis of the literature highlighted that a significant part of soil quality and fertility in sustainably-managed fruit orchard agrosystems is due to the action of soil macrofauna, together with its interaction with decomposing microorganisms. From the general analysis of the data obtained, it emerged that the role of soil macrofauna in orchards agrosystems should be seriously taken into account in land management strategies, focusing not exclusively on fruit yield and quality, but also on soil fertility restoration.
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Tulande-M, Esteban, Jose Ignacio Barrera-Cataño, Carlos Eduardo Alonso-Malaver i Sofia Basto. "Soil macrofauna in areas with different ages after Pinus patula clearcutting". Universitas Scientiarum 23, nr 3 (13.12.2018): 383–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.sc23-3.smia.
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In Andean high montane areas, the establishment of exotic tree forests changes the soil dynamics and its biodiversity. Soil macrofauna act as indicators of ecosystem successional processes, and may have an important role in ecological restoration processes after clear cutting exotic tree plantations. The aim of the present study was to understand how soil macrofaunal assemblies change in areas with different ages post clear cutting of Pinus patula, and to identify the soil physico-chemical variables that better explain these variations. The macrofauna in a high montane forest was evaluated along with that of three areas with different ages post clearcutting: 0, 2.5, and 5 years after clearcutting (Yac). The effect of soil physico chemical variables on macrofauna abundance was also evaluated. Macrofauna composition changed after clearcutting. Macrofauna abundance, richness, and diversity were lower in the 0 Yac area than in the other areas. Moreover, the macrofuna similarity to the reference forest did not increase with the years after clearcutting. This is due to the changes in soil characteristics, triggered by clearcutting. Slope, temperature, bulk density, real density, loam, pH, P, Na and K were the soil variales with a positive effect on the macrofauna abundance. These physico-chemical variables should be considered when designing restoration plans for Andean forest ecosystems. Moreover, Diplopoda, Coleoptera and Chilopoda might be useful to monitor and evaluate restoration processes after Pinus spp. clearcutting, because of their high abundance, diversity and relationship with environmental conditions.
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Sayad, E., S. M. Hosseini, V. Hosseini i M. H. Salehe-Shooshtari. "Soil macrofauna in relation to soil and leaf litter properties in tree plantations". Journal of Forest Science 58, No. 4 (27.04.2012): 170–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/58/2011-jfs.
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Soil communities exert strong influences on the processing of organic matter and nutrients. Plantations of trees, especially of nitrogen fixing ones, may affect the soil macrofauna through litter quality and quantity. This study was conducted in a randomized block design with three blocks consisting of Populus euphratica, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Eucalyptus microtheca, Acacia farnesiana, Acacia salicina, Acacia saligna, Acacia stenophylla and Dalbergia sissoo monoculture plantations that were established in 1992. Soils and soil macrofauna were sampled in November 2006. Leaf litterfall was collected from November 2006 to November 2007 at bi-weekly intervals. Macroinvertebrate abundance and biomass were consistently higher in A. salicina plantations than in the others, whereas they were lowest in E. camaldulensis. Tree species and nitrogen fixing trees significantly influenced the soil macrofauna richness. The results suggest that the earthworm distribution is regulated by leaf litter quality (Ca, C and N) whereas the macrofauna richness is regulated by leaf litter mass, soil organic carbon and leaf litter Mg. Totally, it was revealed that the tree species clearly affected macrofauna whereas nitrogen fixation did not.
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Wibowo, Cahyo, i Syamsudin Ahmad Slamet. "KEANEKARAGAMAN MAKROFAUNA TANAH PADA BERBAGAI TIPE TEGAKAN DI AREAL BEKAS TAMBANG SILIKA DI HOLCIM EDUCATIONAL FOREST, SUKABUMI, JAWA BARAT Soil Macrofauna Diversity on Various Types of Stands in Silicas’ Post-Mining Land in Holcim Educational Forest..." Journal of Tropical Silviculture 8, nr 1 (19.06.2017): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/j-siltrop.8.1.26-34.
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Soil Macrofauna has a very important role in maintaining soil fertility through the decomposition of organic matter, nutrient distribution, increasing soil aeration and so on. The existence of soil macrofauna are very important in helping the process of rehabilitation of post-mining land because they contribute to the improvement of the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil. The purposes of this study are to identify and quantify the diversity of soil macrofauna in various types of stands and land without stand in Holcim Educational Forest. The highest abundance of soil macrofauna was found in mixed stand with 240 individuals in nine plots of observation, each plot was 40 cm x 40 cm. Layers of soil (0-10 cm) has an abundance of soil macrofauna higher than in the litter layer, because soil layer can provide protection from direct sunlight and enough food for soil macrofauna. Mixed stand has the highest soil macrofauna diversity (H '= 2.52, DMG = 6.93, J' = 0.63), as it has a more diverse vegetation and highest canopy density. Environmental conditions such as soil temperature, canopy density, and soil organic matter can influence the composition and abundance of soil macrofauna, so that the soil macrofauna can be used as an indicator in monitoring environmental quality. Soil macrofauna that dominates in all the stands and land without stand, were red ants (Formicidae 7), termites (Rhinotermitidae 1), earthworms (Megascolecidae 1), and larvae of Coleoptera (Scarabaeidae 1).Key words: abundance, diversity, environment, soil macrofauna
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Phophi, Mutondwa M., Paramu L. Mafongoya, Alfred O. Odindo i Lembe S. Magwaza. "Screening Cover Crops for Soil Macrofauna Abundance and Diversity in Conservation Agriculture". Sustainable Agriculture Research 6, nr 4 (14.10.2017): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v6n4p142.
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Soil health is important for sustainable crop production. Frequent soil cultivation has a negative impact on soil health, resulting in loss of soil macrofauna. Conservation agriculture can be practiced to improve soil health by improving the abundance of soil macrofauna. Three leguminous cover crops were tested for soil macrofauna abundance Vigna unguiculata, (cowpea) Lablab purpureus L. (dolichos lablab) and Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC (velvet bean). The experiment was done in two contrasting experimental sites of KwaZulu-Natal (Ukulinga and Bergville) in a randomised complete block design replicated three times. Bare plot and herbicide treatments served as controls. Natural fallow was used to make a comparison to all the other treatments. Cowpea (39 species) had the highest soil macrofauna abundance in Bergville. Lablab (57 species) had the highest soil macrofauna in Ukulinga. Cowpea (0.75 species) and lablab (0.61 species) improved soil macrofauna diversity respectively in Bergville. Natural fallow (0.46 species) had the lowest soil macrofauna diversity in Bergville. Lablab (0.56 species) and velvet bean (0.74 species) had high soil macrofauna species diversity in Ukulinga. Bare plot (0.3 species) had the lowest soil macrofauna species diversity respectively. It can be concluded that cowpea and lablab can be recommended for improving soil macrofauna abundance in conservation agriculture.
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Arnold, S., i E. R. Williams. "Quantification of the inevitable: the influence of soil macrofauna on soil water movement in rehabilitated open-cut mined lands". SOIL 2, nr 1 (21.01.2016): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-41-2016.
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Abstract. Recolonisation of soil by macrofauna (especially ants, termites and earthworms) in rehabilitated open-cut mine sites is inevitable and, in terms of habitat restoration and function, typically of great value. In these highly disturbed landscapes, soil invertebrates play a major role in soil development (macropore configuration, nutrient cycling, bioturbation, etc.) and can influence hydrological processes such as infiltration, seepage, runoff generation and soil erosion. Understanding and quantifying these ecosystem processes is important in rehabilitation design, establishment and subsequent management to ensure progress to the desired end goal, especially in waste cover systems designed to prevent water reaching and transporting underlying hazardous waste materials. However, the soil macrofauna is typically overlooked during hydrological modelling, possibly due to uncertainties on the extent of their influence, which can lead to failure of waste cover systems or rehabilitation activities. We propose that scientific experiments under controlled conditions and field trials on post-mining lands are required to quantify (i) macrofauna–soil structure interactions, (ii) functional dynamics of macrofauna taxa, and (iii) their effects on macrofauna and soil development over time. Such knowledge would provide crucial information for soil water models, which would increase confidence in mine waste cover design recommendations and eventually lead to higher likelihood of rehabilitation success of open-cut mining land.
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Wibowo, Cahyo, i Muhammad Fahmi Alby. "Keanekaragaman dan Kelimpahan Makrofauna Tanah pada Tiga Tegakan Berbeda di Hutan Pendidikan Gunung Walat". Journal of Tropical Silviculture 11, nr 1 (27.04.2020): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/j-siltrop.11.1.25-31.
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Soil macrofauna is an important factor in studying the biological soil quality. The activity of soil macrofauna affects the soil properties and condition. The objective of this study was to identify the soil macrofauna and analyze the diversity, evenness, and richness index of soil macrofauna on some sites at educational forest of gunung Walat. The macrofauna was collected using hand sorting method on 40x40 cm plots in 10 cm depth of soil and 3-5 cm thick of forest litters at Agathis, Pinus, and Puspa trees. The identification result showed that a total 641 individuals were found under Agathis, Pinus, and Puspa trees. The Pinus trees showed the highest frequency of soil macrofauna (377 individu). The Agathis trees showed the highest value of diversity index, that was H’=2.38, DMg=4.12, and E=0.78.
Keywords: abundance, diversity, soil macrofauna, hand sorting method, Gunung Walat
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Vendrame, Pedro Rodolfo Siqueira, Robélio Leandro Marchão, Osmar Rodrigues Brito, Maria de Fátima Guimarães i Thierry Becquer. "Relationship between macrofauna, mineralogy and exchangeable calcium and magnesium in Cerrado Oxisols under pasture". Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 44, nr 8 (sierpień 2009): 996–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2009000800031.
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The objective of this work was to assess the relationship between macrofauna, mineralogy and exchangeable calcium and magnesium in Cerrado Oxisols under pasture. Twelve collection points were chosen in the Distrito Federal and in Formosa municipality, Goiás state, Brazil, representing four soil groups with varied levels of calcium + magnesium and kaolinite/(kaolinite + gibbsite) ratios. Soil macrofauna was collected in triplicate at each collection point, and identified at the level of taxonomic groups. Macrofauna density showed correlation with contents of kaolinite, gibbsite and exchangeable Ca + Mg in the soils. Mineralogy and exchangeable Ca + Mg had significant effects on taxonomic groups and relative density of soil macrofauna. The termites (Isoptera) were more abundant in soils with low exchangeable Ca + Mg; earthworms (Oligochaeta), in soils with high levels of kaolinite; and Hemiptera and Coleoptera larvae were more abundant in gibbsitic soils with higher contents of total carbon.
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Winara, Aji. "Diversity of Soil Macrofauna on Teak (Tectona grandis) and Kimpul (Xanthosoma sangittifolium) Agroforestry". Jurnal Agroforestri Indonesia 3, nr 1 (lipiec 2020): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.20886/jai.2020.3.1.9-18.
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Soil macrofauna has an important role in the ecosystems and soil fertility. Agroforestry patterns have environmental benefits such as providing living space for biodiversity including soil macrofauna. This study aims to measure the influence of teak and kimpul agroforestry on the diversity of soil macrofauna. The study was conducted on teak and kimpul agroforestry demonstration plots in the KPH Yogyakarta in January 2019. The research method used was monolith and hand sorting techniques and the analysis was carried out descriptively using the species diversity index approach. The results showed that teak and kimpul agroforestry patterns did not affect on the diversity of species and density of soil macrofauna. The level of diversity of soil macrofauna in teak and kimpul agroforestry, teak monoculture and kimpul monoculture are low. The value of soil macrofauna diversity in teak and kimpul agroforests is higher than teak monoculture and kimpul monoculture. A total of five types of soil macrofauna were found in 12-year teak agroforestry, six types in 42-year teak agroforestry, five types in 12-year teak monoculture, eight types in 42-year teak monoculture and five types in kimpul monoculture. The dominant soil macrofauna are Microtermes sp. and Anomala sp.
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Silva, Rafaela Martins da, Rakiely Martins da Silva, Sandra Santana de Lima, Jianne Rafaela Mazzini de Souza, Jheny Kesley Mazzini de Souza, Gilberto Terra Ribeiro i Guilherme Montandon Chaer. "Soil macrofauna as a bioindicator of soil quality in successional agroforestry systems". Research, Society and Development 10, nr 10 (20.08.2021): e580101019144. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i10.19144.
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The objective of this study was to evaluate soil macrofauna as a bioindicator of soil quality in successional agroforestry systems and secondary forests. The study was conducted in the southern lower region of Bahia in Brazil, in two areas: a successional agroforestry system (AFS18) and native forest (NF). AFS18 consists of two species: mahogany (Khaya ivorensis and Khaya grandifoliola), açaí (Euterpe oleracea), cacao (Theobroma cacau) and banana (Musa spp.). Sampling was carried out in the dry (June) and rainy (October) seasons of 2019, and eight soil monoliths were collected in both areas. A total of 889 individuals from the soil macrofauna were sampled. The highest frequency (RF) of taxons occurred in NF in the rainy season, and the groups that stood out were: Oligochaeta with 42% FR in ASF18, Formicide with 33.9% in NF and Isoptera with 58% in AFS18. The macrofauna structure of the soil varied according to the time of collection. The density of macrofauna individuals differed between areas only in the dry season. The highest number of ind.m² was observed in the area NF (378) when compared to ASF18 (196). TOC, Mg2+, Al3+ and CTC were related to AF on both occasions of collection and AFS18 in the rainy season, K+, P and pH were associated with AFS18 in the dry season. The diversity, equitability and richness of the soil macrofauna was greater in AF area. HFA18 in the rainy season was similar to NF, favoring colonization of the area by soil macrofauna organisms.
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Nasirudin, Mohamad, i Ambar Susanti. "HUBUNGAN KANDUNGAN KIMIA TANAH TERHADAP KEANEKARAGAMAN MAKROFAUNA TANAH PADA PERKEBUNAN APEL SEMI ORGANIK DAN ANORGANIK". Edubiotik : Jurnal Pendidikan, Biologi dan Terapan 3, nr 02 (8.12.2018): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33503/ebio.v3i02.97.
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This study aims to determine the relationship of soil chemical content to soil macrofauna in semi-organic and non organic apple plantations in Tulungrejo Village, Bumiaji District, Batu City. Observation of soil chemical properties carried out in the BPTP East Java laboratory. The soil was taken systematically on both fields. Observation of soil macrofauna is carried out by direct observation. The study was conducted in March - May 2018. The parameters observed in this study were soil (H ') macrofauna, and soil (pH, C-Organic, and N). The chemical content of soil in the semi-organic apple plantation is (pH = 7.8 C-Organic = 1.54 and N = 0.16), while the chemical content of soil in the land of inorganic apple plantations is (pH = 7 C-Organic = 0 , 5 and N = 0.06). The results of research on soil macrofauna in Semi Organic apple plantations found 9 orders consisting of 10 families and amounting to 247 individuals. The role of soil macrofauna includes 3 families and 45 individuals, 4 family detrivor and 42 individuals, and 3 family predators and 160 individuals. The results of research on soil macrofauna in the field of Inorganic found 8 orders, consisting of 9 families and numbered 162 individuals. The role of the soil macrofauna includes 3 families and 25 individuals, 3 families and 18 individuals, and 3 families and 119 individuals. Diversity index value (H ') of soil macrofauna in semi-organic land is higher at 1.81, while in Inorganic land is 1.53.
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Szyszko-Podgórska, Katarzyna, Marek Kondras, Izabel Dymitryszyn, Anita Matracka, Mirosław Cimoch i Ewa Żyfka-Zagrodzińska. "Influence of soil macrofauna on soil organic carbon content". Environmental Protection and Natural Resources 29, nr 4 (1.12.2018): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/oszn-2018-0018.
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Abstract Macrofauna plays a very important role in the functioning of the natural environment. It plays an important role in the decomposition of organic matter by mixing and crushing organic matter in soil. Invertebrate faeces influence the development of microorganisms and their dead bodies stimulate mineralization in the soil. They also influence the humification processes. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of macrofauna and litter distribution and the accumulation of organic carbon in soil. The study showed a significant influence of this thick animal on the processes taking place in the soil. Significant correlations were observed between the organic carbon content in the litter and the organic carbon content in the soil, macrofauna activity with litter decomposition and its influence on the organic carbon accumulation.
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OUEDRAOGO, JEAN, ELISÉE OUEDRAOGO, MAMADOU TRAORE, SANSAN YOUL i HASSAN BISMARCK NACRO. "INTERACTION BETWEEN THE MANAGEMENT OF SOIL FERTILITY AND MACROFAUNA REDUCES RUNOFF ON A LIXISOL IN THE NORTH-SUDANIAN ZONE OF BURKINA FASO". Experimental Agriculture 53, nr 1 (22.02.2016): 12–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479716000016.
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SUMMARYA study that aims to assess the impact of the interaction between soil macrofauna and soil fertility management methods on runoff, was conducted in the north-sudanian zone of Burkina Faso on a Lixisol with an average slope of 1.5%. Runoff was measured using a runoff plot of 1.04 m2 and crop yields were measured on the effective area of the elementary plot. Biocide treatments used to control the population of macrofauna have eliminated 95% to 99% of soil macrofauna. Except for urea treatment, the results showed that the presence of macrofauna has led to the reduction of runoff in the other treatments. The absolute contribution of macrofauna to runoff varied between 24.58% and 30.74%. Runoff reduction was higher on soil management based on sorghum straw + urea (71.24% in 2008 and 78.80% in 2009) in the presence of soil macrofauna. We concluded that in cropping systems with low external inputs, stimulating the activity of macrofauna by burying material with high ratio of carbon to nitrogen reduces runoff and thus maintains the potential of farm land.
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Pant, Madhuri, G. C. S. Negi i Pramod Kumar. "Soil macrofauna diversity and population dynamics in Indian Himalayan agroecosystems". Soil Research 58, nr 7 (2020): 636. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr18104.
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Soil macrofauna diversity in Himalayan mountain agroecosystems has received negligible attention despite people’s dependence on soil fertility that determines crop yield for their sustenance. This study was carried out with the objective to determine differences in soil macrofauna taxonomic groups and abundance with soil depth (0–30 cm) in irrigated and non-irrigated wheat and rice crops of two dominant Himalayan mountain agroecosystems. At both the sites, a total of 11 macrofauna groups and 23 families were recorded. Macrofauna population across both crop seasons for non-irrigated fields was significantly greater (P < 0.05) than in irrigated fields. Macrofauna population significantly differed (P < 0.001) with soil depth and significantly declined with increasing soil depth (P < 0.001). The top soil (0–10 cm depth) contributed over 80% of the total macrofauna population. Macrofauna diversity in non-irrigated fields (H′ = 2.10) was greater than in irrigated fields (H′ = 1.86), but β diversity was greater in irrigated fields (1.67 vs 1.76). The two agroecosystem types significantly differed (P < 0.05) with soil depth and crop season. On the basis of presence or absence, the macrofauna groups were categorised as (i) present in soil year-round but exhibiting high density during warm and wet rainy season and (ii) present in soil only during the warm and wet rainy season. The non-irrigated fields had greater abundance of Coleoptera, Dermaptera, Hemiptera and Isoptera than the irrigated fields. This study highlights that the Himalayan mountain crop fields host a rather diverse and abundant macro-invertebrate community that should be efficiently used to promote soil fertility.
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Arnold, S., i E. R. Williams. "Quantification of the inevitable: the influence of soil macrofauna on soil water movement in rehabilitated open-cut mine land". SOIL Discussions 2, nr 2 (14.08.2015): 853–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/soild-2-853-2015.
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Abstract. Recolonisation of soil by macrofauna (especially ants and termites) in rehabilitated open-cut mine sites is inevitable. In these highly disturbed landscapes, soil invertebrates play a major role in soil development (macropore configuration, nutrient cycling, bioturbation, etc.) and can influence hydrological processes such as infiltration and seepage. Understanding and quantifying these ecosystem processes is important in rehabilitation design, establishment and subsequent management to ensure progress to the desired end-goal, especially in waste cover systems designed to prevent water reaching and transporting underlying hazardous waste materials. However, soil macrofauna are typically overlooked during hydrological modelling, possibly due to uncertainties on the extent of their influence, which can lead to failure of waste cover systems or rehabilitation activities. We propose that scientific experiments under controlled conditions are required to quantify (i) macrofauna – soil structure interactions, (ii) functional dynamics of macrofauna taxa, and (iii) their effects on macrofauna and soil development over time. Such knowledge would provide crucial information for soil water models, which would increase confidence in mine waste cover design recommendations and eventually lead to higher likelihood of rehabilitation success of open-cut mining land.
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Debruyn, LAL. "Defining soil macrofauna composition and activity for biopedological studies - A case study on two soils in the Western Australian wheat belt". Soil Research 31, nr 1 (1993): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9930083.
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In Durokoppin reserve and surrounding farmland, part of the central wheatbelt region, pitfall trapping and mapping of soil macrofauna activity were used to define the extent of soil macrofauna activity in these two environments. This type of study is a necessary precursor to determining the significance of certain invertebrate activity in soil modification in these habitats. The relative merits of the two techniques in determining the extent of soil macrofauna activity is assessed. The soil macrofauna groups identified by mapping and pitfall trapping as making a substantial contribution (in terms of relative abundance and activity) in all habitats were, in descending order, ants, spiders and scorpions (wandoo woodland only). In general there was good agreement between the two techniques in identifying the major species and trends in species composition between habitats, but mapping failed to identify the rare or cryptic species. Mapping more accurately identified the resident species in each habitat compared with pitfall trapping. Pitfall trapping data indicated that foraging activity of most soil macrofauna was depressed over winter, except for beetles, and was higher in the spring and summer sampling periods. However, mapping revealed a more constant level of soil macrofauna activity, especially for ant nests. It is argued that the two approaches complement one another and that each has value in interpreting the effects of soil macrofauna activity on soil properties in further studies. The discussion is based on the results of a study carried out in the Kellerberrin area of Western Australia.
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Marchão, Robélio Leandro, Patrick Lavelle, Leonide Celini, Luiz Carlos Balbino, Lourival Vilela i Thierry Becquer. "Soil macrofauna under integrated crop-livestock systems in a Brazilian Cerrado Ferralsol". Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 44, nr 8 (sierpień 2009): 1011–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2009000800033.
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The objective of this work was to assess the effects of integrated crop-livestock systems, associated with two tillage and two fertilization regimes, on the abundance and diversity of the soil macrofauna. Four different management systems were studied: continuous pasture (mixed grass); continuous crop; two crop-livestock rotations (crop/pasture and pasture/crop); and native Cerrado as a control. Macrofauna was sampled using a modified Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility method, and all individuals were counted and identified at the morphospecies level for each plot. A total of 194 morphospecies were found, distributed among 30 groups, and the most representative in decreasing order of density were: Isoptera, Coleoptera larvae, Formicidae, Oligochaeta, Coleoptera adult, Diplopoda, Hemiptera, Diptera larvae, Arachnida, Chilopoda, Lepidoptera, Gasteropoda, Blattodea and Orthoptera. Soil management systems and tillage regimes affected the structure of soil macrofauna, and integrated crop-livestock systems, associated with no-tillage, especially with grass/legume species associations, had more favorable conditions for the development of "soil engineers" compared with continuous pasture or arable crops. Soil macrofauna density and diversity, assessed at morphospecies level, are effective data to measure the impact of land use in Cerrado soils.
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Prasetyo, Andri, Ulfa Yulia Rohmah, Rini Winarti, Esa Chorik Darwati i Safina Audiati Afiar. "THE STRUCTURE OF SOIL MESOFAUNA AND MACROFAUNA IN GRODA CAVE, GUNUNGKIDUL". Jurnal Sains Dasar 5, nr 2 (31.10.2016): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/jsd.v5i1.12671.
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Melimpahnya mesofauna dan makrofauna tanah di Gua Groda dapat menjadi indikator kemelimpahan kelelawar karena kotoran kelelawar merupakan makanan mesofauna dan makrofauna tanah. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui struktur komunitas mesofauna dan makrofauna tanah Gua Groda serta korelasinya dengan kadar N, P, K. Metode yang digunakan yakni observasi, pengambilan mesofauna dan makrofauna tanah menggunakan teknik pit fall trap serta teknik toolgreen. Uji N, P, K tanah dilakukan di Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian (BPTP) Yogyakarta. Teknik analisis dengan menghitung indeks keanekaragaman Shanon-Wienner, indeks kekayaan Margaleff, frekuensi kehadiran mesofauna dan makrofauna tanah serta korelasinya dengan N, P, K tanah di Gua Groda. Hasil penelitian yakni teridentifikasinya 6 famili mesofauna dan 20 famili makrofauna tanah dengan indeks keanekaragaman sedang, indeks kekayaan Margaleff tertinggi pada zona remang, frekuensi kehadiran tertinggi pada zona terang yakni Formicidae (0,12), zona remang yakni Isotomidae dan Diptera (a) coklat (0,04) serta zona gelap yakni Gryllacididae (0,05). Korelasinya memperlihatkan semakin banyak kadar N,P,K tanah, maka semakin sedikit mesofauna dan makrofauna tanah yang ditemukan. Keunikan dalam penelitian ini yakni ditemukannya 1 spesies dari Isotomidae di Gua Groda, yang selama ini dianggap sebarannya kebanyakan di Sulawesi, Sumatera, Bali, Lombok, Ternate dan Papua.Kata kunci: struktur komunitas, mesofauna, makrofauna, Gua Groda Abstract The number of soil macrofauna and mesofauna in Groda Cave can be used as an indicator of bats abundance since bat droppings are food for macrofauna and mesofauna soils. The purpose of this study are to determine the community structure of Groda Cave soil macrofauna and mesofauna and its correlation with the content of N, P, K. The method used is the observation, taking of macrofauna and mesofauna soils using pit fall traps and tool green technique. Testing the N, P, K of the soil was conducted in Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian (BPTP) Yogyakarta. The analysis technique used Shannon diversity index-Wienner, Margaleff wealth index, frequency of attendance of macrofauna and mesofauna soils and its correlation with N, P, K of the land in Groda Cave. The results obtained are that six families mesofauna and 20 families macrofauna soils with moderate diversity index, the highest wealth index was in the Margaleff lit zone, the frequency of the highest attendance in the light zone is Formicidae (0.12), ie dim zones Isotomidae and Diptera (a) brown (0.04) and the dark zone is Gryllacididae (0.05). The correlation showed the more the content of N, P, K, the fewer mesofauna and macrofauna soils were found. The uniqueness found in this study is the discovery of one species of Isotomidae in Groda Cave, which has been considered spreading only in Sulawesi, Sumatera, Bali, Lombok, Ternate and Papua. Keywords: community structure, mesofauna soil, macrofauna soil, Groda Cave
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Tamsire, Samb, Cissé Ababacar i Ndiaye Abdoulaye Baïla. "Diversité De La Macrofaune Du Sol Dans Les Parcelles De Reboisement De La Grande Muraille Verte Au Sénégal". European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, nr 15 (31.05.2017): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n15p185.
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Objective: To assess the effect of vegetation cover on soil macrofauna, a study focused on the diversity of soil macrofauna inside and outside reforestation plots of the Great Green Wall in Senegal was carried out. Methodology: The sampling of macrofauna was performed according to the method recommended by the TSBF network (Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility). It involves isolating 10 ground plots along a transect of 50 meters chosen at random in each plot and outside of each plot. The macrofauna was sampled between February and July 2016 during the dry season Results: The results show, in order of importance Hymenoptera, Isoptera, Coleoptera, the Spiders, the isopods and springtails are the taxonomic groups of the study area. The density of each of these taxa is larger inside and outside of the plots. The vertical distribution of macrofauna shows that the 0-10 cm layer is more densely populated than the deeper layers. Conclusion: This study showed a low diversity of soil macrofauna in the area. It also shows that the vegetation cover affects the density of the macrofauna.
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Handayani, Wuri, i Aji Winara. "Diversity Of Soil Macrofauna On Several Land Use On Peatlands". Jurnal Agroforestri Indonesia 3, nr 2 (grudzień 2020): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.20886/jai.2020.3.2.77-88.
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Peatlands are very vulnerable to land use change. Some of the current peatland cover conditions include agricultural cultivation lands, plantations, shrubs and secondary forest. The presence of soil macrofauna as a soil ecosystem engineer can be a bio-indicator of peatland fertility. This study aims to analyze the diversity of soil macrofauna in several patterns of peat land use in cultivated areas. The research was conducted in December 2017 in Rasau Jaya District, Kubu Raya Regency, West Kalimantan Province. The research method used is monolithic technique with descriptive data analysis using the alpha and beta diversity index approach. The results showed that the diversity and diversity of macrofauna species on peatlands were classified as medium and low, with the highest diversity found in secondary forest patterns (H '= 2.09) and the lowest in oil palm plantations (H' = 0.73), while species richness was found. The highest was found in secondary forest (R '= 4.01) and the lowest was in oil palm plantations (R' = 1.42). The highest population density and abundance were the order Isoptera and Opisthopora, while the lowest is Dermaptera. Several groups of macrofauna which are used as bioindicators of land fertility are found in all land use patterns with the dominan order is Isoptera and Opisthopora. Soil temperature and acidity conditions affect soil macrofauna population density. The presence of diverse vegetation and adequate canopy can affect environmental conditions and the diversity of soil macrofauna. Based on the diversity of soil macrofauna, cultivation with an agroforestry pattern is preferable to peatlands.
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Maslikova, K. P. "Eсomorphic structure of the soil macrofauna communities of technosols of the Nikopol Manganese Ore Basin". Biosystems Diversity 26, nr 2 (11.04.2018): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/011813.
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This study established features of the animal population of artificial soil-like bodies – technosols in terms of ecomorphic analysis. The survey was conducted at the research station of the Dnipro State Agricultural University in the city Pokrov in 2012–2014. The experimental polygons were laid within four technosol types: pedozems, sod loess-like lithogenic soils on loam, grey-green clay and red-brown clay. The polygon consisted of 15 transects and each transect was composed of seven test sites. The distance between rows in the polygon was 3 m. Each test site was a square with size 3 × 3 m. The manual sorting of the soil-zoological samples was conducted within each site for areas 0.25 × 0.25 m to the depth where animals were found. Samples were taken in late April or early May. In general, for each period of counting for each polygon 105 soil-zoological samples were taken 123 species of invertebrates were found in the soil macrofauna community of the technosols. These communities are a steppe monoceonosis with a tendency to transformations into pseudoomonoceonosis on account of increased share of pratants. The soil macrofauna of sod lithogenic soils on grey-green clay and loam on loes-like clays is most adapted to xerophilous condition. Animal communities in pedozems and sod-lithogenic soils or on red-brown clay have a more mesophilic character. The trophoceonomorphic structure of the soil macrofauna community indicates a significant potential of the fertility of artificial soil. The aeromorphs’ structure reveals a significant ability of technosols to create cracks and pores, which can lead to hyperaeration. The dominant part of the of soil macrofauna community was hypercarbonatophils. Against the background of the steppe character, the soil macrofauna community had a topomorphic structure that is unusual for natural steppe black soil biogeocenoses on loess-like loam. The trophomorph structure was greatly dominated by phytophages, which indicates the prevalence of processes of mineralization of plant residues under the humification process. The phoromorphic spectrum of soil animal communities was dominated by ecological groups which move without the active construction of tunnels.
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Freitas, RF, i PR Pagliosa. "Mangrove benthic macrofauna: drivers of community structure and functional traits at multiple spatial scales". Marine Ecology Progress Series 638 (19.03.2020): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13260.
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Environmental processes acting at multiple spatial scales influence the structure and function of macrofaunal communities in marine habitats. However, the relative contributions of small- and large-scale factors in shaping faunal communities are still poorly understood. We investigated the relative contributions of climate, geophysical and soil properties, and forest structure on structural and functional characteristics of Brazilian coastal mangrove macrofauna. We found that macrofaunal community structure is mainly driven by large-scale factors, such as minimum air temperature and runoff, which significantly differed among the coastal settings investigated. Conversely, annelid assemblage functional traits were correlated with small-scale factors such as aboveground biomass, subsurface root biomass, soil bulk density, and soil phosphorus. Annelids with diversified and more complex functional traits (e.g. with respect to appendages, segments, parapodia) preferentially inhabited sites with low subsurface root biomass, while annelids with a slender body plan were more common at sites with dense root mats. Thus, while climate and geophysical conditions drive benthic macrofaunal community structure at larger spatial scales (i.e. coastal setting) in this system, vegetation and soil factors at smaller spatial scales (i.e. site) were more related to annelid functional characteristics.
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Karinasari, Fitria, Zulfaidah Penata Gama i Amin Setyo Leksono. "Composition & Ecological Role of Soil Macrofauna in Selorejo and Punten Citrus Farming, Malang - East Java". Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology 9, nr 1 (16.04.2021): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.biotropika.2021.009.01.02.
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Conventional Citrus crops farming is an Citrus farming system that uses Citrus cultivation techniques with maximum use of chemicals and organics material and there is to support a sustainable agricultural system. Indicators of environmental quality can be known from the composition and ecological role of fauna, one of which is soil macrofauna. This research aims to investigate the diversity and community structure of the soil macrofauna and to identification its role in the Citrus farming at Selorejo, Dau and Punten Villages, Bumiaji, Malang Regency.This study is a descriptive exploratory study in order to study on soil macrofauna capturing at each location for three times. The observation method of soil macrofauna used pitfall traps and handshorter methods. All data was tabulated used Microsoft Excel. Abiotic factor measurements for two locations have no different value in each sampling plot. The composition of soil macrofauna is obtained from the important value index (IVI) and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H'). Soil macrofauna was obtained from two locations as many as 28 families with the highest importance value index (IVI), namely Formicidae. The results showed that Selorejo Citrus farming consists of Predator 46%, Herbivorous 25%, Decomposer 11%, Scavenger 7%, and others 11%, while in Punten Citrus farming consists of 55% Predator, 10% Herbivorous,15% Decomposer,5% Scavenger, and others 15%.
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Gongalsky, Konstantin B. "Soil macrofauna: Study problems and perspectives". Soil Biology and Biochemistry 159 (sierpień 2021): 108281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2021.108281.
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John, Arlen Hanel. "Monitoring of The Palm Oil Plantation Ecosystem Based on Land Macrofauna Diversity". International Journal of Ecophysiology 2, nr 1 (19.05.2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/ijoep.v2i1.3982.
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Oil palm plantations of PT. Supra Matra Abadi has used palm oil mill effluent to the plantation area as fertilizer (Land Application) to part of its plantation area. The difference in land use and management in the plantation area also determines the presence, both species, density, diversity index value, and soil macrofauna uniformity index. Soil macrofauna plays a role in maintaining the balance of the soil ecosystem. This research has been conducted at PT. Supra Matra Abadi, located in Kebun Panji Bay, Kampung Rakyat District, Labuhanbatu Selatan Regency, North Sumatra Province in May-July 2018. This research was conducted to determine the presence of species, population density, diversity index values, and uniformity of soil macrofauna on oil palm plantations. Determination of the sampling point is done by the Purposive Random Sampling method, soil macrofauna sampling using the Quadratic and Hand Sorting methods. There are 15 species of soil macrofauna which are grouped into 2 phyla, 5 classes, 9 orders, 12 families, and 15 genera. The highest density value was found in the area of plantations that were not given liquid palm oil mill effluent as fertilizer (Non Land Application) of 282.15 ind / m2 and the highest diversity index value was found in the area of oil palm plantations which were fertilized with palm oil mill liquid waste to land area (Land Application) which shows that the condition of the oil palm plantation ecosystem which is fertilized with palm oil mill effluent (Land Application) can support the life, diversity, and uniformity of soil macrofauna.
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Merlim, Analy de Oliveira, José Guilherme Marinho Guerra, Rodrigo Modesto Junqueira i Adriana Maria de Aquino. "Soil macrofauna in cover crops of figs grown under organic management". Scientia Agricola 62, nr 1 (styczeń 2005): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162005000100011.
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Soil fauna plays an important role in organic management through their effects on soil organic decomposition, nutrient mineralization, and amelioration of the soil's physical properties. This work evaluates the density and diversity of the soil macrofauna under types of cover plants in areas cultivated with Ficus carica L. under organic management. The soil macrofauna was collected in 0.25 × 0.25 m areas, down to a soil depth of 0.3 m, and at the surface layer. The treatments consisted of bahiagrass living mulch (Paspalum notatum), siratro living mulch (Macroptilium atropurpureum), and bahiagrass mulch. The highest macrofauna density and the lowest diversity were observed in bahiagrass, of which 80% were represented by ants, thus characterizing the soil under this cover crop as showing the lowest functional diversity and quality.
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Kouadio, Hypolith K., Alain Jacques A. Kotaix, Sydiki Bakayoko, Emmanuel K. Kassin, Aïdara Sékou, Jean Noël Ehounou, Norbert N. Kouamé, Marise E. Assi i Louis Koko. "Mineral Fertilizers Influence the Macrofauna of Soils Under Cocoa Trees in the South-Western Côte d’Ivoire". Journal of Agricultural Science 13, nr 2 (15.01.2021): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v13n2p32.
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A study on mineral fertilization of soils was carried out for two years in three cocoa farms in the Nawa region of south-western Côte d’Ivoire. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of mineral fertilizers on soil macrofauna. The experimental design was Fisher block with four treatment with three repetitions. The treatments were control without fertilizer (T0), NPK 0-23-19 fertilizer (T1), NPK 0-15-15 + 17 CaO + 5 MgO + 1 B2O3 + 0.5 Zn (T2) and NPK 4-10-10 + 19 CaO + 4 MgO + 0.8 B2O3 + 0.3 Zn (T3). Twelve soil monoliths were made per treatment and per site, to count the macrofauna of the soil. Each soil monolith was subdivided into three strata 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm. The organisms were counted and classified into functional groups. The abundance, species richness and diversity indices of Shannon-weaver and Piélou were determined. The analysis of variance of the numbers of individuals in the macrofauna did not show a significant difference between the treatments on different strata of the monoliths during the second year of the trial. However, during the first year, all the treatments with fertilizer in the 0-10 cm stratum had a more abundant macrofauna than that of the control without fertilizer at Soubré and Mayo. Multivariate analyses (AFC) showed links between functional groups of organisms and treatments. Myriapods and earthworms were linked to the T2 and T3 treatments, microarthropods to T1 and other organisms to T0. As for macrofauna diversity, the highest value of species richness (7 species), Shannon-weaver (2) and Piélou (1) indices were found in the fertilized treatments. Mineral fertilizers thus presented better conditions for the expansion of macrofauna. A reasoned application of mineral fertilizers creates a favourable living environment for certain soil organisms.
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Pariyanto, Pariyanto, Endang Sulaiman i Bahlul Ihdana. "KEANEKARAGAMAN MAKROFAUNA TANAH DI PERKEBUNAN KOPI DESA BATU KALUNG KECAMATAN MUARA KEMUMU KABUPATEN KEPAHIANG". Jurnal Biosilampari : Jurnal Biologi 2, nr 2 (24.06.2020): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31540/biosilampari.v2i2.885.
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This study aims to determine the diversity of existing soil macrofauna at coffee plantations located at Batu Kalung village, Muara Kemumu subdistrict of Kepahiang regency. This research was conducted in February 2018 at the coffee plantations area. The methods used in this research were pitfall-trap and hand sorting. The result of the study at the site found there are 9 orders of macraofauna consisting of 11 families, 13 species, and 188 spesimen.The species found were Heterometrus lepturus, Scolopendrae morsitans, Trigoniulus corallines, Neocurtilla hexadactylla, Gryllus assimilis, Ceuthophilus maculates, Dolichoderus bituberculatus, Componotus carnelus, Blatta germanica, Blattella orientalis, Odontotaenius disjunctus, Ponthoscolex corethurus, and Hirudo medicinalis. The calculation of soil macrofauna index in coffee plantations found a number of 0.942. This indicates that that the level of soil macrofauna diversity at the coffee plantations is low. The highest soil macrofauna diversity index was found on Ponthoscolex corethurus, which is 0.146. In the contrary, the lowest diversity index was found onHeterometrus lepturus species, 0.011. In addition, The average physics-chemical factor of soil at the coffee plantation was obtained that the soil temperature is 280C, soil pH of 5.8, and soil moisture of 67
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Amazonas, N. T., R. A. G. Viani, M. G. A. Rego, F. F. Camargo, R. T. Fujihara i O. A. Valsechi. "Soil macrofauna density and diversity across a chronosequence of tropical forest restoration in Southeastern Brazil". Brazilian Journal of Biology 78, nr 3 (27.11.2017): 449–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.169014.
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Abstract Edaphic macrofauna must be better studied if we want to take advantage of their full potential for the restoration of tropical ecosystems. We investigated changes in edaphic macrofauna density and diversity along a secondary succession chronosequence in the Atlantic Forest. Our results show some clear patterns of change in soil macrofauna along the chronosequence. Density did not increase along secondary succession, but was correlated with canopy cover. Diversity was characterized by high dominance of social insects and evenness among other groups. We conclude soil macrofauna has a high capacity to recolonize young forests and that its recovery is considerably fast compared to other ecosystem transformations.
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Vu, Quang Manh, i Thi Ha Nguyen. "Quantification of ragworm (Nereididae: Tylorrhychus) density in soil macrofauna communities in the Northern coastal area of Vietnam". Journal of Vietnamese Environment 9, nr 5 (9.08.2018): 272–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.13141/jve.vol9.no5.pp272-279.
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The study aims were focused on ragworms (Nereididae: Tylorrhynchus), their relations to other soil macrofauna animals as well as their distributional characteristics. We recorded 20 soil macrofauna orders belonging to 9 classes: Adenophorea: Araeolaimida, Gastropoda: Mesogastropoda & Stylommatophora, Polychaeta: Aciculata, Oligochaeta: Haplotaxida & Tubificidea, Hirudinea: Arhynchobdellida, Arachnida: Araneida, Crustacea: Decapoda, Myriapoda: Symphyla, Oniscomorpha, Juliformia & Scolopendromorpha, Insecta: Odonata, Orthoptera, Hemiptera, Homoptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera and Diplura, and one unidentified. Soil macrofauna diversity decreases following order of habitat types: (d) Grassland and (e) Cultivated field > (a) Thai Binh river bank and (b) Ragworm rearing rice field > (c) Dike. The soil macrofauna population densities decreases in the following order of habitat types: (c) > (d) > (a) > (e) > (b). Their biomass decreases in the following order: (d) > (c) > (e) > (b) > (a). Soil macrofauna diversity and their population densities decreases in the following order of soil vertical layers: (1) > (-2) > (-3) > (-4) > (-5). Their biomass decreases in the following order: (-1) > (-4) > (-2) > (-3) > (-5). Ragworm Tylorrhynchus was recorded in only one habitat type, the (b) ragworm reaing rice field, in which recorded were eight other macrofauna orders: Mesogastropoda (Gastropoda), Aciculata (Polygochaeta), Tubificidea (Oligochaeta), Arhynchobdellida (Hirudinea), Decapoda (Crustacea), Hemiptera, Coleoptera and Hymenoptera (Insecta), and an unidentified one. The macrofauna density was smallest in the habitat (b).
Rươi (Nereididae: Tylorrhynchus) được khảo sát trong mối liên hệ với các nhóm động vật đất Macrofauna khác, cùng đặc điểm phân bố theo sinh cảnh và tầng đất thẳng đứng. Xác định được 20 bộ động vật macrofauna đất thuộc 9 lớp: Adenophorea: Araeolaimida, Gastropoda: Mesogastropoda & Stylommatophora, Polychaeta: Aciculata, Oligochaeta: Haplotaxida & Tubificidea, Hirudinea: Arhynchobdellida, Arachnida: Araneida, Crustacea: Decapoda, Myriapoda: Symphyla, Oniscomorpha, Juliformia & Scolopendromorpha, Insecta: Odonata, Orthoptera, Hemiptera, Homoptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera & Diplura, một nhóm không xác định. Đa dạng các bộ động vật đất Macrofauna giảm theo thứ tự loại sinh cảnh sau: (d) & (e) >(a) & (b) >(c). Mật độ quần thể của động vật đất Macrofauna giảm theo thứ tự sau: (c) > (d) > (a) > (e) > (b). Sinh khối của chúng giảm theo thứ tự sau: (d) > (c) > (e) > (b) > (a). Đa dạng các bộ động vật đất Macrofauna và mật độ quần thể giảm theo thứ tự tầng đất thẳng đứng sau: (-1) > (-2) > (-3) > (-4) > (5). Sinh khối của chúng giảm theo thứ tự sau: (-1) > (-4) > (-2) > (-3) > (-5). Loài rươi (Tylorrhynchus sp.) chỉ ghi nhận được ở sinh cảnh (b) ruộng lúa nuôi rươi. Trong sinh cảnh này còn xác định được 8 bộ Macrofauna khác là Gastropoda: Mesogastropoda, Polygochaeta: Aciculata, Oligochaeta: Tubificidea, Hirudinea: Arhynchobdellida, Crustacea: Decapoda, Insecta: Hemiptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, và không xác định được tên.
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Dangerfield, J. M. "Abundance and diversity of soil macrofauna in northern Botswana". Journal of Tropical Ecology 13, nr 4 (lipiec 1997): 527–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467400010695.
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ABSTRACTThe abundance and diversity of soil macrofauna were assessed in a range of vegetation types in northern Botswana. Hand-sorting of soil was used to extract all fauna greater than 2 mm body length from sandy soils in both the dry season (June) and towards the end of the single rainy season (February). Abundance varied significantly between samples from within a sampling location, within a vegetation type and occasionally between seasons. Greater densities were found in wet season samples from locations within closed canopy woodland except where permanent water was a significant feature of the habitat. Overall abundance was comparable to published estimates from more moist tropical and temperate habitats suggesting an important role for soil macrofauna in semi-arid systems. Ordinal level diversity also varied significantly within vegetation types and with season.
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Borges, César Henrique Alves, Jacob Silva Souto, Ane Cristine Fortes da Silva, Lyanne dos Santos Alencar, Manoella de Queiroz Rodrigues Limeira, Adriano Castelo dos Santos, Lauter Silva Souto i Patrícia Carneiro Souto. "Edaphic Arthropods in Fragment of Riparian Forest in the Semi-Arid of Paraíba". Journal of Agricultural Science 11, nr 2 (15.01.2019): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n2p236.
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Important for soil quality, the edaphic fauna is indicative of an environment in equilibrium. The study aimed to identify the macrofauna and mesofauna organisms of the soil in a fragment of riparian forest. The work was carried out in a fragment of ciliary forest on the farm Tamanduá, municipality of Santa Terezinha, Paraíba. The macrofauna was quantified in soil samples collected at different depths (0-5 cm and 5-10 cm) using the TSBF method. For the mesofauna was collected randomly in the same area, samples of soil + litter in the depths 0-5 cm and 5-10 cm using metal rings. The design was completely randomized in a 4 × 2 factorial scheme (4 seasons, 2 depths), with 5 replicates, the means being compared by the Tukey test. The main orders of the macrofauna were: Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, Isoptera, and Enquitreídeos being the order of greater proportion in the two depths to Hymenoptera. There were a higher population and diversity of soil macrofauna in the superficial layer (0-5 cm). For the mesofauna were found in the samples organisms belonging to the groups Acarina and Collembola, being the order Acarina the most representative in the two depths evaluated. The environment of riparian forest presents greater diversity and density of macrofauna and mesofauna of the soil in the layer of 0.0-5.0 cm of depth, which presents greater food supply and conditions favorable to the survival of these organisms.
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Suárez, Leonardo Rodríguez, Yuli Tatiana Paladines Josa, Erika Judith Astudillo Samboni, Karla Dayana Lopez Cifuentes, Ervin Humprey Durán Bautista i Juan Carlos Suárez Salazar. "Soil macrofauna under different land uses in the Colombian Amazon". Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 53, nr 12 (grudzień 2018): 1383–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2018001200011.
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Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the soil macrofauna and the bioindicator taxonomic groups associated with different land uses in the Colombian Amazon. Twelve agroforestry arrangements were studied and compared with to the native forest and pasture. For each land use, six monoliths were randomly selected and divided into four layers (litter, and 0-10, 10-20, and 20-30 cm soil depths). The variables considered in the analysis of land use effects were: individuals per square meter, order richness, Shannon’s diversity index, and Pielou’s evenness index. The greatest values for soil macrofauna density and diversity occurred in the forest, in contrast with the pasture. The principal component analysis distinguished land use according to macrofauna diversity, separating the native forest from the other land uses. The cluster analysis indicated the potential of some agroforestry systems to conserve the values of soil macrofauna density and diversity similar to those of the forest. According to the analysis of indicator value, five taxonomic groups (Diplura, Pseudoscorpionida, Araneae, Chilopoda, and Gastropoda), identified as bioindicators, are associated with preserved sites because of the sensitivity of their populations.
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Nanganoa, Lawrence Tatanah, Justin Nambangia Okolle, Valentine Missi, Jacques Roberto Tueche, Lewis Dopgima Levai i Jetro Nkengafac Njukeng. "Impact of Different Land-Use Systems on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Macrofauna Abundance in the Humid Tropics of Cameroon". Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2019 (27.02.2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5701278.
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The impact of different land-use systems on some soil physicochemical properties and macrofauna abundance in the humid tropics of Cameroon was studied. The land-use types included secondary forest (SF), oil palm plantation (PP), banana plantation (BP), sugarcane plantation (SP), and rubber plantation (RP). Soil particle size distribution, bulk density (BD), pH, organic matter (OM), and number of macrofauna were evaluated. The results showed that OM and number of macrofauna were higher in the SF than in the other land-use types. Pearson’s correlation analysis carried out to determine the relationship between OM and BD showed that OM and BD was strongly negatively related with correlation coefficient of −0.9653. It also showed a strong significant negative correlation between BD and ants population (r = −0.8828) and between soil pH and number of earthworms (r = −0.9072). Based on the results, the SF produced more organic matter and higher number of macrofauna. However, the OM of the other land uses was not low; hence, it could be beneficial to return plant residues to the field for maintaining soil quality.
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Putri, Windy Natasha, Nelvia Nelvia i Idwar Idwar. "PENGARUH BIOCHAR DAN PUPUK HIJAU Calopogonium mucunoides TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL KEDELAI (Glycine max L. Merril) SERTA MAKROFAUNA TANAH DI GAWANGAN TANAMAN KELAPA SAWIT". Jurnal Agroteknologi 10, nr 2 (20.03.2020): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/ja.v10i2.6829.
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Oil palm plantations in Riau are very extensive and developed on marginal land. The utilization of oil palm plant for soybean cultivation is an alternative to increasing soybean production in Riau, because soybeans are classified as plants that tolerant to shade. The research aimed to study the interaction of biochar and Calopogonium mucunoides green fertilizer on growth and yield of soybeans and diversity of soil macrofauna in inter-rows of oil palm plant. The research was conducted in Pekanbaru, carried out in 7-year-old oil palm plant and soil science laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Riau from April-August 2018. The research was done experimentally in a 3x3 factorial form using a completely randomized design (CRD). The first factor is biochar from coconut shell consists of 3 levels (0, 2,5 and 5 ton.ha-1). The second factor is Calopogonium mucunoides green fertilizer consists of 3 levels (0, 2,5 and 5 ton.ha-1). The parameters observed were plant height, pods per plant, percentage of pithy pods, seeds per plant, seed weight per plot, weight of 100 seeds, population density and relative density of soil macrofauna, and diversity index of soil macrofauna. The results showed 2,5 ton.ha-1 biochar followed by 2,5 ton.ha-1 Calopogonium mucunoides green fertilizer increased the number of pods per plant compared to controls. The total individuals and population of soil macrofauna increased at 5 ton.ha-1 biochar followed by 5 ton.ha-1 Calopogonium mucunoides green fertilizer with the family that was often found, namely Scarabaeidae. The diversity index of soil macrofauna is low.
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Okwakol, M. J. N., i M. B. Sekamatte. "Soil macrofauna research in ecosystems in Uganda". African Journal of Ecology 45, s2 (wrzesień 2007): 2–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0141-6707.2007.00800.x.
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Susanti, Pranatasari Dyah, i Wawan Halwany. "Dekomposisi Serasah dan Keanekaragaman Makrofauna Tanah pada Hutan Tanaman Industri Nyawai (Ficus variegate. Blume)". Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan 11, nr 2 (10.07.2017): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jik.28285.
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Penggunaan jenis-jenis tanaman cepat tumbuh diperlukan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan kayu. Meski demikian, informasi mengenai kesuburan tanah kerena penanaman jenis tersebut masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan data dan informasi mengenai produksi, laju dekomposisi serasah serta keragaman makrofauna tanah pada Hutan Tanaman Industri nyawai (Ficus variegate Blume) dengan tiga kelas umur yang berbeda. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif. Penentuan plot sampel dilakukan secara purposive dengan pertimbangan keterwakilan umur. Variabel yang diamati meliputi jumlah produksi serasah, laju dekomposisi serasah, serta makrofauna tanah menggunakan dua cara yaitu monolith atau pengambilan contoh tanah (PCT) untuk makrofauna tanah yang berada di dalam tanah, serta penggunaan perangkap sumuran (PSM) untuk makrofauna yang berada di permukaan tanah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada tegakan umur 6 tahun memiliki laju dekomposisi serasah terbaik karena sebanyak 48,31% serasah terdekomposisi dengan laju 11%. Pada kelas umur ini keragaman makrofauna juga memiliki nilai tertinggi yaitu 1,08 meskipun masih berada dalam kategori rendah.Kata kunci: dekomposisi; kesuburan tanah; makrofauna; nyawai; serasah Litter Decomposition and Diversity of Soil Macrofauna on Industrial Plantation Forest of NyawaiAbstractThe use of fast-growing tree species is necessary to meet the demand of timber. However, the information with regard the fertility of the soil for planting of these species is still limited. This study aimed to obtain data and information on the litter production and its rate of decomposition as well as soil macrofauna diversity on Industrial Plantation Forest of nyawai (Ficus variegate. Blume) with three different age classes. This study used a quantitative method. Sample plots were determined purposively with consideration of the representation of age. The observed variables included the amount of production of litter, decomposition rate of litter, and soil macrofauna using two methods, i.e. monolith or soil sampling (PCT) for soil macrofauna underground the soil and trap wells (PSM) for macrofauna on soil surface. The results showed in the 6-year-old stands showed the best litter ecomposition rates, since 48.31% of litter was decomposed at a rate of 11%. At this age class, diversity of macrofauna also has the highest score as 1.08, although that value was still in the low category.
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Zhukov, Oleksandr V., Olga M. Kunah, Yuliya Y. Dubinina, Marina P. Fedushko, Vadim I. Kotsun, Yuliya O. Zhukova i Olena V. Potapenko. "Tree canopy affects soil macrofauna spatial patterns on broad- and meso-scale levels in an Eastern European poplar-willow forest in the floodplain of the River Dnipro". Folia Oecologica 46, nr 2 (1.12.2019): 101–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/foecol-2019-0013.
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AbstractThis paper tested the hypothesis that the placement of trees in the floodplain ecosystem leads to multiscale spatial structuring and plays an important role in formation of the spatial patterns of the soil macrofauna. The research polygon was laid in an Eastern European poplar-willow forest in the floodplain of the River Dnipro. The litter macrofauna was manually collected from the soil samples. The distances of the sampling locations from the nearest individual of each tree species were applied to obtain a measure of the overstorey spatial structure. The pure effect of tree structured space on the soil animal community was presented by the broad-scale and meso-scale components. The soil animal community demonstrated patterns varying in tree structured space. The tree induced spatial heterogeneity was revealed to effect on the vertical stratification of the soil animal community. The complex nature of the soil animal community variability depending on the distance from trees was depended on the interaction of tree species in their effects on soil animals. The importance of the spatial structures that interact with soil, plants and tree factors in shaping soil macrofauna communities was shown.
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Yin, Xiuqin, Lili Qiu, Yanli Tu, Yan Tao, Jingchao An, Weidong Xin i Yunfeng Jiang. "Characteristics of soil macrofauna community and CCA analysis between soil macrofauna and soil properties in the wetlands of the Lhasa River basin". Acta Ecologica Sinica 35, nr 6 (grudzień 2015): 210–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chnaes.2015.09.008.
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Huerta, Esperanza, Christian Kampichler, Violette Geissen, Susana Ochoa-Gaona, Ben de Jong i Salvador Hernández-Daumás. "Towards an ecological index for tropical soil quality based on soil macrofauna". Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 44, nr 8 (sierpień 2009): 1056–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2009000800039.
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The objective of this work was to construct a simple index based on the presence/absence of different groups of soil macrofauna to determine the ecological quality of soils. The index was tested with data from 20 sites in South and Central Tabasco, Mexico, and a positive relation between the model and the field observations was detected. The index showed that diverse agroforestry systems had the highest soil quality index (1.00), and monocrops without trees, such as pineapple, showed the lowest soil quality index (0.08). Further research is required to improve this model for natural systems that have very low earthworm biomass (<10 g m-2) and a high number of earthworm species (5-7), as it is in the tropical rain forest, whose soil quality index was medium (0.5). The application of this index will require an illustrated guide for its users. Further studies are required in order to test the use of this index by farmers.
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Ayuke, F. O., L. Brussaard, B. Vanlauwe, J. Six, D. K. Lelei, C. N. Kibunja i M. M. Pulleman. "Soil fertility management: Impacts on soil macrofauna, soil aggregation and soil organic matter allocation". Applied Soil Ecology 48, nr 1 (maj 2011): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2011.02.001.
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Silva, Lusimar Lamarte Gonzaga Galindo da, Alexander Silva de Resende, Paulo Francisco Dias, Maria Elizabeth Fernandes Correia i Rafael Nogueira Scoriza. "Soil macrofauna in wooded pasture with legume trees". Ciência Rural 45, nr 7 (28.04.2015): 1191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20131569.
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Grasslands afforestation aims at adding different soil uses in a way they become profitable for their owners. As such handling aims at minimizing impacts, the current study had as its goal the use of soil macrofauna in order to evaluate legume afforestation effects on the soil, regardless the depth. Thus, nitrogen fixing species were inserted onto grassland areas and the macrofauna collection was performed 6 years after their planting in the 0-10cm, 10-20cm and 20.30cm layers, in winter and summer. Leguminous influence was different between depths and times of the year. It mostly favors communities under "Mimosa" Genus treetops. Besides, the effects from climatic seasonal variations on invertebrates were mitigated by the implementation of such legume trees
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Araujo, E. C. G., T. C. Silva, K. P. T. Chagas, E. M. Cunha Neto, J. C. F. Bezerra, C. H. A. Borges, V. C. Martins, C. R. Sanquetta i T. V. Lima. "Soil macrofauna in Brazil: a bibliometric review and state of the art". Scientific Electronic Archives 14, nr 3 (26.02.2021): 14–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.36560/14320211296.
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Macrofauna individuals' knowledge and their environmental functions is essential to seek more conservationist forest management practices. Understanding how the publications are being distributed in Brazil, and what knowledge need to be discussed to direct future research. The purpose of this review was to compile and analyze all publications on soil macrofauna in Brazil until 2019, conducting a bibliometric and state of the art review. 60 documents were evaluated, it was analyzing institutions and authors, citations networks and terms used, forest sciences areas that encompass the most explored biomes, crop systems or natural environmental and the most studied soil macrofauna individuals. Since 2002, every year, publications on the topic indexed in the Scopus database. The Atlantic Forest was the most studied biome and although the North region has the largest number of states that have not yet developed works on the subject, the Amazon forest is in second place in terms of publications, together with Savannah/Cerrado. The largest gap in studies and areas of natural fields is found in the Brazilian North. The macrofauna individuals studied, the highlights are from the orders Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Blattodea, Araneae and Hemiptera. Vegetation type was carried out predominantly in native forests, followed by pasture.
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MATOS, PRISCILA SILVA, PATRÍCIA ANJOS BITTENCOURT BARRETO-GARCIA i RAFAEL NOGUEIRA SCORIZA. "EFFECT OF DIFFERENT FOREST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON THE SOIL MACROFAUNA IN THE ARBOREAL CAATINGA". Revista Caatinga 32, nr 3 (wrzesień 2019): 741–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252019v32n318rc.
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ABSTRACT Forest management can lead to numerous changes of different magnitudes in the composition and diversity of soil organisms, according to the level of interference with the habitat. Within this context, this study aimed to test the influence of different types of forest management on the edaphic macrofauna community in a region of arboreal Caatinga. The study was carried out in Contendas do Sincorá National Forest, Contendas do Sincorá - Bahia. The experimental area consisted of three types of management (clear cutting, selective cutting by diameter at breast height and selective cutting by species), and a condition of unmanaged Caatinga, which was used as control. The macrofauna was sampled twice a year (March and November) using the soil monolith method. Densities, total number of individuals, total richness, average richness, and Shannon and Pielou rates were estimated. The soil macrofauna was shown to be sensitive to different forest management practices, which indicates that selective cutting is a more conservative system to manage the Caatinga. Among these, selective cutting by species proved to be less impacting on the soil macrofauna, providing more expressive diversity and abundance indexes, and the occurrence of more demanding organisms in microclimate conditions, characteristic of preserved areas. The predominant groups of edaphic fauna, both in the unmanaged as in managed Caatinga, were Isoptera, Formicidae, Chilopoda, and Coleoptera Larvae.
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Yorkina, N. V., S. M. Podorozhniy, L. G. Velcheva, Y. V. Honcharenko i O. V. Zhukov. "Applying plant disturbance indicators to reveal the hemeroby of soil macrofauna species". Biosystems Diversity 28, nr 2 (28.05.2020): 181–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/012024.
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Hemeroby is an integrated indicator for measuring human impacts on environmental systems. Hemeroby has a complex nature and a variety of mechanisms to affect ecosystems. Hemeroby is often used to assess disturbances in different vegetation types but this concept has seldom been evaluated for animals. The role of the hemeroby gradient in structuring the soil macrofauna community was investigated. The experimental polygon was located in Botanical Garden of the Oles Honchar Dnipro National University (Dnipro City, Ukraine). There were 20 sites within the polygon. On each of them at 105 points samples of soil macrofauna were taken, soil penetration resistance, electrical conductivity of soil, depth of litter, height of grasses were measured. Within each site, a description of the vegetation cover was made. Based on the description of the vegetation, an indication of the level of ecosystem hemeroby within the polygons was conducted. In total, 48,457 invertebrate (Annelida, Arthropoda, and Mollusca) individuals of 6 classes, 13 orders, 50 families and 83 species or parataxonomic units were recorded. Phytoindication reveals that the level of hemeroby within the studied polygons varies from 34.9 to 67.2. The model V and VI from the HOFJO-list were the most optimal model of the species response to hemeroby gradient. The weighted average factor value was used to assess the optimal factor level for the species in a symmetrical bell-shaped response model. The optimal factor level of the hemeroby for the soil macrofauna species ranges from 34.9 to 66.0. Species also differ in degree of specialization to the factor of hemeroby. There was a regular change in the soil macrofauna community size and diversity in the hemeroby gradient. The limiting influence of anthropogenic transformation of the environment on the abundance of soil macrofauna community is clearly marked at the level of hemeroby above average. Species diversity of the community is greatest at moderate hemeroby level. Both relatively little transformed habitats and strongly transformed ones are characterized by lower species richness of the soil macrofauna community. The Shannon index shows a clear upward trend with increasing hemeroby. The Pielou index indicates that the main reason for this trend is an increase in community evenness with increasing hemeroby. The intermediate disturbance hypothesis was fully supported with respect to species richness. For the number of species, there is indeed a certain level of heterogeneity at which the number of species is highest. For another aspect of diversity, evenness, this pattern is not true. The evenness increases with increasing habitat disturbance. This result is due to a decrease in the abundance of dominant species.
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Castellanos González, Leónides, Ana Francisca González Pedraza i Alfonso Eugenio Capacho Mogollón. "Influence of agroforestry systems of the Plantar Project on soil macrofauna". BISTUA REVISTA DE LA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BASICAS 17, nr 3 (22.11.2019): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.24054/01204211.v3.n3.2019.3571.
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El proyecto Plantar (Desarrollo estratégico agroecológico con uso de TIC para el fortalecimiento de cultivos promisorios en el Departamento de Norte de Santander) se desarrolló desde en enero de 2018 y a junio de 2019 en los municipios Arboledas, Convención, La Playa, La Esperanza, Ocaña y Mutiscua. El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar la Influencia de 18 sistemas agroforestales del Proyecto Plantar sobre la macrofauna del suelo después de implementados los mismos en los seis municipios. Se compararon las variables de biodiversidad de la macrofauna en dos muestreos (abundancia, Índice de riqueza específica, índice de diversidad de especies de Margalef, índice de equidad de abundancia de Shannon-Wiener e índice de dominancia de Simpson), uno antes de sembrar los cultivos y otro al año de establecidos. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos de las variables estudiadas para las variables de modelos agroecológico. El establecimiento de los cultivos en los sistemas agroforestales tuvo impactos negativos y positivos sobre la macrofauna del suelo, al parecer debido a la heterogeneidad de la cobertura vegetal y del uso de suelo de las parcelas que aportaron los agricultores al proyecto. Al analizar la abundancia de la macrofauna se verifica que esta disminuye en todos los municipios, sin embargo, un análisis más detenido de otras variables como la riqueza y diversidad de especies, la equidad y la dominancia dentro de los modelos y grupos biológicos aportan resultados más favorables que cuando se analiza solamente de la abundancia. Palabras clave: Biodiversidad, abundancia, equidad, dominancia, modelos agroecológicos.
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Coelho, Virgínia Oliveira, Aureo Ribeiro Neto, Ana Carolina Borella Marfil Anhê, Sandra Santana de Lima, Dinamar Márcia da Silva Vieira, Arcângelo Loss i José Luiz Rodrigues Torres. "Macrofauna edáfica como bioindicadora da qualidade do solo em diferentes sistemas de manejo". Research, Society and Development 10, nr 6 (9.06.2021): e54210616118. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i6.16118.
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Soil management systems can alter the soil fauna compound by organisms of high sensibility to the agricultural practices, especially those practices that interfere with the soil structure. Thus, this study's objective was to evaluate the diversity of soil macrofauna at different soil depths and management systems. A 4×3 factorial scheme [four soil managements: 1- no-tillage system (NTS) implemented 6 years ago (NTS6), 2- NTS for 17 years (NTS17), 3- conventional planting system (tillage) for 20 years (CTS) and 4- native forest for 20 years (NF20); three soil depths: 0-0.1; 0.1-0.2 and 0.2-0.3 m] was set in a completely randomized design with five replications in an area of the Cerrado biome. The monolith method was used to sample the macrofauna from the litter and soil, where the number of individuals, total richness (TR), Shannon (SI) and Pielou (PI) indexes were quantified. TR values at a depth of 0-0.3 m were higher in the NTS6 and NTS17. The highest densities of individuals and TR occurred in the litter of NTS6. In the NTS17, at 0-0.1 m, the highest TR, SI and PI were recorded among the management systems. The TR, SI, PI values and the analysis of vertical distribution by Cluster, demonstrated that NTS areas are similar to the NF20 at all soil depths evaluated. The NTS areas presented the highest macrofauna indexes compared the CTS.
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Qomariyah, Nurul, Ary Susatyo Nugroho i Mohammad Syaipul Hayat. "Makrofauna Tanah Di Lahan Hortikultura Desa Losari Kecamatan Sumowono Kabupaten Semarang". Quagga: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Biologi 13, nr 1 (31.12.2020): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.25134/quagga.v13i1.3613.
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Abstrak: Makrofauna tanah merupakan bagian dari biodiversitas tanah yang memiliki peran penting dalam perbaikan sifat fisik, kimiawi, dan biologi tanah melalui proses imobilisasi dan humifikasi. Desa Losari merupakan salah satu desa di Kecamatan sumowono Kabupaten semarang yang terletak di kaki Gunung Ungaran sehingga keadaannya masih asri dan alami. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada Bulan Juli 2020. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana tingkat keanekaragaman jenis makrofauna tanah yang ada di kawasan lahan pertanian Desa Losari dengan tanaman yang berbeda. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan dua metode yaitu Pit fall trap dan Hand sorting. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat keanekaragaman jenis di lokasi penelitian tergolong rendah. Total makrofauna tanah yang tercatat di lokasi penelitian sebanyak 37 jenis yang terdiri dari 3 filum. Lahan pertanian tanaman kubis (stasiun I) memiliki tingkat keanekaragaman yang tertinggi dibandingkan dengan stasiun lainnya dengan nilai H' = 1,064. Filum dengan jumlah terbanyak di lokasi penelitian adalah filum Arthropoda sebanyak 33 jenis dari 98 total jenis makrofauna tanah yang telah ditemukan.Kata Kunci: keanekaragaman makrofauna tanah; hortikultura; pit fall trap; hand sorting.Abstract: Soil macrofauna is part of soil biodiversity which has an important role in improving the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil through immobilization and humification processes. Losari Village is one of the villages in Sumowono District, Semarang Regency, which is located at the foot of Mount Ungaran so that the condition is still beautiful and natural. This research was conducted in July 2020. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of diversity of soil macrofauna species in the agricultural area of Losari Village with different plants. Data were collected by two methods, namely Pit fall trap and Hand sorting. The results showed that the level of species diversity in the study location was low. The total soil macrofauna recorded at the research location were 37 species consisting of 3 phyla. Cabbage farming land (station I) has the highest level of diversity compared to other stations with a value of H' = 1.064. The phylum with the highest number in the research location was Arthropoda phylum with 33 of the 98 total soil macrofauna species that had been found.Keywords: soil macrofauna diversity; horticulture; pit fall trap; hand sorting.
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De Oliveira, Carla Cristina, Maria Inês Nogueira Alvarenga, Rogério Melloni, José Nunes Pinto Neto, Liane Barreto Alves Pinheiro, Eliane Guimarães Pereira Melloni i Camila Leite Madeira. "Sombreamento de café (Coffea arabica L.) por araucária (Araucaria angustifolia L.) e seus efeitos na macrofauna e atributos físicos do solo (Coffee crop (Coffea arabica L.) shaded with araucaria (Araucaria angustifolia L.) and their effects on ...)". Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 9, nr 6 (31.10.2016): 1668. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v9.6.p1668-1676.
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O cultivo de café é de fundamental importância para a economia do Brasil, em especial para o Estado de Minas Gerais. No entanto, considerando a crescente demanda por produção agrícola mais sustentável, há necessidade de se utilizarem técnicas de manejo que conciliem produção e conservação ambiental. Neste contexto, esse trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos gerados pelas diferentes intensidades de sombreamento do café por araucária (Araucaria angustifolia L.) sobre a macrofauna, qualidade física do solo e, consequentemente, produção de grãos. A área de estudo foi dividida em três glebas distintas, considerando-se o grau de sombreamento proporcionado pela araucária: café com sombreamento intenso (CSI), café com sombreamento médio (CSM) e café a sol pleno (CSP). Foram avaliados atributos físicos do solo, macrofauna, fitomassas heterogêneas (incluindo serapilheira e plantas daninhas) e produção de grãos. Verificou-se que o cultivo de cafeeiro em gleba medianamente sombreada (CSM) possibilitou, além de produção de grãos igual a do cafeeiro a pleno sol (CSP), melhorias na qualidade física, aumento no teor de matéria orgânica, na diversidade e riqueza da macrofauna do solo. A B S T R A C T Coffee cultivation has fundamental importance to the economy of Brazil, especially in the state of Minas Gerais. However, considering the growing demand for more sustainable agricultural production, there is need to use management techniques that balance production and environmental conservation. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of three levels of Araucaria (Araucaria angustifolia L.) shading in coffee crop on macrofauna, soil physical quality and, thereby, grain production. The area was divided into three separate plots, considering the degree of shading due to Araucaria: coffee with severe shadowing (CSI), coffee with medium shadowing (CSM) and the full sun coffee (CSP). Soil physical, macrofauna, heterogeneous biomass (including litter and host plants) and grain production were evaluated. It was found that the cultivation of coffee in moderately shaded plot (CSM) allowed, in addition to grain production like coffee in full sun (CSP), improvements in physical quality, increase the organic matter content, diversity and richness of the soil macrofauna. Key-words: Shadding, Solar radiation, Production, Soil fauna.
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Pollierer, Melanie M., Bernhard Klarner, David Ott, Christoph Digel, Roswitha B. Ehnes, Bernhard Eitzinger, Georgia Erdmann, Ulrich Brose, Mark Maraun i Stefan Scheu. "Diversity and functional structure of soil animal communities suggest soil animal food webs to be buffered against changes in forest land use". Oecologia 196, nr 1 (14.04.2021): 195–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-021-04910-1.
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AbstractForest soil and litter is inhabited by a diverse community of animals, which directly and indirectly rely on dead organic matter as habitat and food resource. However, community composition may be driven by biotic or abiotic forces, and these vary with changes in habitat structure and resource supply associated with forest land use. To evaluate these changes, we compiled comprehensive data on the species composition of soil animal communities and environmental factors in forest types varying in land-use intensity in each of three regions in Germany, i.e., coniferous, young managed, old managed, and unmanaged beech forests. Coniferous forests featured high amounts of leaf litter and low microbial biomass concentrations contrasting in particular unmanaged beech forests. However, soil animal diversity and functional community composition differed little between forest types, indicating resilience against disturbance and forest land use. Structural equation modelling suggested that despite a significant influence of forest management on resource abundance and quality, the biomass of most soil fauna functional groups was not directly affected by forest management or resource abundance/quality, potentially because microorganisms hamper the propagation of nutrients to higher trophic levels. Instead, detritivore biomass depended heavily on soil pH. Macrofauna decomposers thrived at high pH, whereas mesofauna decomposers benefitted from low soil pH, but also from low biomass of macrofauna decomposers, potentially due to habitat modification by macrofauna decomposers. The strong influence of soil pH shows that decomposer communities are structured predominantly by regional abiotic factors exceeding the role of local biotic factors such as forest type.