Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Soil infiltration

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Soil infiltration”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021
Data aktualizacji: 7 września 2023

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Soil infiltration"

1

Khanaum, Mosammat Mustari, i Md Saidul Borhan. "Influence of Soil Layers on the Infiltration Rates and Cumulative Infiltration Using Modified Green Ampt Model in the HYDROL-INF Simulation Environment". International Journal of Agriculture System 10, nr 2 (17.12.2022): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/ijas.v10i2.3818.

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Soil profiles are generally heterogeneous and consist of various horizontal layers due to geological processes, the formation of crusts, or other artificial or man-made activities. To quantify infiltration into these heterogeneous soil profiles, the Modified Green-Ampt Model (MGAM) is a physically-based hydrologic model that can efficiently perform under both steady and unsteady rainfall events. Based on the secondary data, this study sought to determine the effect of changing soil layers (soil textures) on infiltration rates and cumulative infiltrations in in both laboratory and field settings. Different scenarios were analyzed by rearranging soil layers and evaluating their impacts on corresponding infiltration rates and cumulative infiltrations. Simulations were run with HYDROL-INF software environment using MGAM. Three scenarios were considered for a laboratory experiment with two different types of soil texture coupled with five different soil profiles. Similarly, four scenarios were considered for the field experiments with five different types of soil texture couple with eight different soil profiles. The simulated infiltration rates and cumulative infiltrations were found to vary with soil layer change scenarios. The simulated cumulative infiltrations, ponding times, infiltrating rates at ponding, and total depth of wetting front at ponding of a five-layered laboratory soil column were identical for the three scenarios. Simulated cumulative infiltrations were 33.16, 23.65, 21.29, and 42.77 cm, respectively, for scenarios (combinations) 1, 2, 3, and 4 in the eight-layered soil profile in the field scenarios. Infiltration rates among scenarios at ponding were identical (0.46 to 0.53 cm/h) with field scenario data.
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Lilbæk, G., i J. W. Pomeroy. "Evidence for enhanced infiltration of ion load during snowmelt". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 7, nr 1 (24.02.2010): 1431–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-7-1431-2010.

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Abstract. Meltwater ion concentration and infiltration rate into frozen soil both decline rapidly as snowmelt progresses. Their temporal association is highly non-linear and a covariance term must be added in order to use time-averaged values of snowmelt ion concentration and infiltration rate to calculate chemical infiltration. The covariance is labelled enhanced infiltration and represents the additional ion load that infiltrates due to the timing of high meltwater concentration and infiltration rate. Previous assessment of the impact of enhanced infiltration has been theoretical; thus, experiments were carried out to examine whether enhanced infiltration can be recognized in controlled laboratory settings and to what extent its magnitude varies with soil moisture. Three experiments were carried out: dry soil conditions, unsaturated soil conditions, and saturated soil conditions. Chloride solution was added to the surface of frozen soil columns; the concentration decreased exponentially over time to simulate snow meltwater. Infiltration excess water was collected and its chloride concentration and volume determined. Ion load infiltrating the frozen soil was specified by mass conservation. Results showed that infiltrating ion load increased with decreasing soil moisture as expected; however, the impact of enhanced infiltration increased considerably with increasing soil moisture. Enhanced infiltration caused 2.5 times more ion load to infiltrate during saturated conditions than that estimated using time-averaged ion concentrations and infiltration rates alone. For unsaturated conditions, enhanced infiltration was reduced to 1.45 and for dry soils to 1.3. Reduction in infiltration excess ion load due to enhanced infiltration increased slightly (2–5%) over time, being greatest for the dry soil (45%) and least for the saturated soil (6%). The importance of timing between high ion concentrations and high infiltration rates was best illustrated in the unsaturated experiment, which showed large inter-column variation in enhanced ion infiltration due to variation in this temporal covariance.
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Lilbæk, G., i J. W. Pomeroy. "Laboratory evidence for enhanced infiltration of ion load during snowmelt". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 14, nr 7 (29.07.2010): 1365–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-1365-2010.

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Abstract. Meltwater ion concentration and infiltration rate into frozen soil both decline rapidly as snowmelt progresses. Their temporal association is highly non-linear and a covariance term must be added in order to use time-averaged values of snowmelt ion concentration and infiltration rate to calculate chemical infiltration. The covariance is labelled enhanced ion infiltration and represents the additional ion load that infiltrates due to the timing of high meltwater concentration and infiltration rate. Previous assessment of the impact of enhanced ion infiltration has been theoretical; thus, experiments were carried out to examine whether enhanced infiltration can be recognized in controlled laboratory settings and to what extent its magnitude varies with soil moisture. Three experiments were carried out: dry soil conditions, unsaturated soil conditions, and saturated soil conditions. Chloride solutions were added to the surface of frozen soil columns; the concentration decreased exponentially over time to simulate snow meltwater. Infiltration excess water was collected and its chloride concentration and volume determined. Ion load infiltrating the frozen soil was specified by mass conservation. Results showed that infiltrating ion load increased with decreasing soil moisture as expected; however, the impact of enhanced ion infiltration increased considerably with increasing soil moisture. Enhanced infiltration caused 2.5 times more ion load to infiltrate during saturated conditions than that estimated using time-averaged ion concentrations and infiltration rates alone. For unsaturated conditions, enhanced ion infiltration was reduced to 1.45 and for dry soils to 1.3. Reduction in infiltration excess ion load due to enhanced infiltration increased slightly (2–5%) over time, being greatest for the dry soil (45%) and least for the saturated soil (6%). The importance of timing between high ion concentrations and high infiltration rates was best illustrated in the unsaturated experiment, which showed large inter-column variation in enhanced ion infiltration due to variation in this temporal covariance.
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Kroulík, M., J. Hůla, R. Šindelář i F. Illek. "Water infiltration into soil related to the soil tillage intensity". Soil and Water Research 2, No. 1 (7.01.2008): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2098-swr.

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Soil infiltration capacity is one of the key factors in the soil protection against unfavourable effects of water erosion. The purpose of its measuring was to compare and evaluate the changes of the soil physical properties and of water infiltration into soil caused by different intensity of soil cultivation at two individual sites. The ploughing (PL), shallow tillage (ST), and direct drilling (NT) effects on the soil physical properties, water infiltration into soil, and soil surface coverage with the crop residua under the soil condition loamy Haplic Luvisol, with long-term growing of maize (Zea mays L.) - Agroservis, 1<sup>st</sup> Agricultural, a.s., Vi&scaron;ňov&eacute; - and clay soil of Calcic Chernozem (Cooperative farm Klap&yacute;), were compared. Soil bulk density values in the variant with ploughing showed in the depth up to 0.20 m considerably lower values as compared with the variants shallow tillage and direct drilling. Nevertheless, in the subsoil layer the bulk density of soil in the variant with ploughing increased in comparison with other variants. The results were also confirmed by the cone index values. At the plots in Vi&scaron;ňov&eacute; the infiltration was evaluated utilising the double ring infiltrometer, and by means of the coloured water infiltration. The results revealed significant differences in the water infiltration rate at various stages of the soil loosening. The highest average values were recorded for ploughing (1.00 dm<sup>3</sup>/min). The lowest values were found for the shallow soil tillage (0.18 dm<sup>3</sup>/min). The variant with direct drilling showed values of 0.53 dm<sup>3</sup>/min. The coloured water infiltration evaluation showed a different character of water flow in soil. The variant with ploughing showed water saturation in the top layer, the variants with reduced tillage were characterised by vertical macropores and crack effects with the water drain into deeper layers. Ploughing proved its advantage for the short-term rainfall retention. Similar results were also brought in the evaluation on the plot with clay soil (Klap&yacute;). The loosening effect was evident during coloured water infiltration in the period of snow thawing. The loosed soil layer showed a significantly higher soil water holding capacity as compared with variants with reduced soil tillage. The result showed major differences in the water infiltration rate into soil and different characters of water infiltration into soil at different soil tillage.
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Roy, Debjit, Xinhua Jia, Dean D. Steele, Xuefeng Chu i Zhulu Lin. "Infiltration into Frozen Silty Clay Loam Soil with Different Soil Water Contents in the Red River of the North Basin in the USA". Water 12, nr 2 (21.01.2020): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12020321.

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Predicting surface runoff and flooding in seasonally frozen areas such as the Red River of the North Basin (RRB) in USA is a challenging task. It depends on the knowledge of the complex process of infiltration in frozen soil, such as phase changes of water, ice content and distribution in the infiltration zone (the top 0–30 cm of the soil profile), soil pore size distribution, soil temperature and freeze–thaw cycles. In this study, the infiltration rates into frozen soil (Colvin silty clay loam according to the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Classification, and Chernozem according to Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) international soil Classification) were measured at three different initial water contents: permanent wilting point (PWP), θpwp; field capacity (FC), θfc; and between FC and PWP, θmid. Laboratory infiltration experiments were conducted using a Cornell sprinkle infiltrometer with three replications for each initial water content. Volumetric soil water content (θv) and soil temperature at three depths were also continuously monitored using sensors. The average infiltration rates were 0.66, 0.38, and 0.59 cm/min for three initial water contents (θpwp, θmid, and θfc, respectively). Initial infiltration into frozen soil occurred quickly in the soil with θpwp because the soil was dry. Melted ice water contributed to the total soil water content over time, so it made the initial infiltration comparatively slower in the soil with θmid. Initial infiltration was also slower in the soil with θfc because the wet soil had very small pore space, so the soil rapidly reached its saturation after the infiltration started. The Horton infiltration equation was fitted with the observed infiltration rates for the soils with three initial water contents, and the goodness of fit was evaluated by using the coefficient of determination (R2) and the root-mean-square error (RMSE). The final infiltration rates from the fitted Horton equations were 0.060, 0.010, and 0.027 cm/min for the initial water contents (θpwp, θmid, and θfc, respectively). The soil water content along the soil profile changed with the amount of infiltrating water over time. However, the initial soil water content and melt water from ice resulting from soil temperature rise regulated the change in soil water content. The amount of ice melt water contribution to soil water content change varied among the soils with different initial water contents (θpwp, θmid, and θfc, respectively). The θv changed gradually in the θpwp soil, rapidly at 0 °C in the θmid soil, and less in the θfc soil. The change in pore distribution due to freeze–thaw cycles and soil packing altered the soil hydraulic properties and the infiltration into the soil. This study can provide critical information for flood forecasting model and subsurface drainage design in the RRB.
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Argyrokastritis, Ioannis, Maria Psychogiou i Paraskevi A. Londra. "Infiltration under Ponded Conditions". Water 13, nr 24 (7.12.2021): 3492. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13243492.

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Ponded infiltration processes occur in agricultural lands irrigated by flooding of their soil surface or under insufficient drainage conditions. The existing equations describing the phenomenon of vertical infiltration under ponded conditions have not considered the actual contribution of the pressure head gradient to the flow. In this study, simple equations are proposed to describe the horizontal and vertical infiltration under various ponding heads incorporating the actual contribution of the pressure head gradient to the flow. Six soils with known hydraulic properties, covering a wide range of soil textures, were used. Horizontal and vertical infiltration data are obtained by numerical simulation for all soils studied using the Hydrus-1D code. To validate the accuracy of the proposed equations, the solutions of horizontal and vertical infiltrations provided by the proposed equations were compared with numerically simulated ones provided by the Hydrus 1-D. The analysis of the results showed a very good agreement in all soils studied. The proposed vertical infiltration equation was also compared to a simple and accurate equation which does not incorporate the actual contribution of the pressure head gradient to the flow and differences between them were observed in all soils studied.
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Nugroho, Searphin, i Wahyono Hadi. "The Influence of Soil Conditioning on Soil Infiltration Rate in Urban Facilities". Geosfera Indonesia 6, nr 2 (31.08.2021): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/geosi.v6i2.24646.

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Several attempts have been made to increase the permeable area in the cities, which include the building of green facilities such as parks and urban forests. Since these areas were built with soil compaction, the potential for infiltrating water differs compared with the natural green area. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the influence of soil conditioning on the constant infiltration rate using variables such as soil compaction, texture, and the presence of vegetation cover in urban facilities. The data used were obtained through field infiltration measurement using a single ring infiltrometer. In this research, the analysis carried out includes soil texture, Horton equation, the difference between conditioned soils and control plots, and USDA hydrologic soil classifications. The results showed that all variables (soil compaction, the presence of vegetation cover, and soil texture) have a significant effect on the constant infiltration rate. Based on the soil conditioning, the infiltration rate is increased on the vegetated plots and decreased on the plots with the combination of vegetation and compaction, as well as the compacted plots. Furthermore, the effect of vegetation cover is more significant in silt loam textured soil, while the influence of compaction is more on clay textured soil. The potential constant infiltration rate on the plots of similar characteristics with green urban areas are on K2 and L2 with 2.698 mm/h and 1.525 mm/h, respectively. Therefore, these plots have a moderate runoff potential based on USDA hydrologic soil classification. Keywords: Compaction; Infiltration; Soil conditioning; Urban facilities Copyright (c) 2021 Geosfera Indonesia and Department of Geography Education, University of Jember This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share A like 4.0 International License
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Glanville, SF, i GD Smith. "Aggregate breakdown in clay soils under simulated rain and effects on infiltration". Soil Research 26, nr 1 (1988): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9880111.

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Wet sieving was used to separate aggregate-size distributions of four clay soils after pre-treatments of simulated rainfall, tension wetting and immersion wetting. Infiltration rates of columns of the soils were also measured under simulated rainfall. During rainfall, samples for wet sieving and the infiltrating columns were either bare or covered with a cloth mesh designed to absorb raindrop impact without affecting rates of wetting. Two swelling clay soils, one non-swelling clay soil and one clay soil dominated by sesquioxides, were used. For the first three soils, rate of wetting was the major factor governing aggregate breakdown. Significant changes in Mean Weight Diameter (MWD) occurred during the first few minutes of rainfall whether the samples were covered or not. As the rain continued, further breakdown was detected only in the uncovered samples. MWD of the sesquioxide soil decreased slightly during immersion, but most aggregate breakdown resulted from the impact of raindrops. Infiltration into the soil columns was virtually unrestricted if the soils were covered. Slaking without drop impact did not interfere with water entry. On bare soils, positive correlations were found between cumulative rainfall and the per cent of soil particles <0.12 mm diameter. An inverse relationship was found between this particle size range and infiltration rates. It is suggested that 25% of the <0.12 mm fraction must be present before infiltration rates decline.
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Yang, Xiaofeng, Yimeng Zhang, Junchao Jia i Xingchang Zhang. "Soil Reclamation Models by Soil Water Infiltration for Refuse Dumps in Opencast Mining Area of Northern China". Sustainability 14, nr 23 (29.11.2022): 15929. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142315929.

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The water infiltration rules of five different homogeneously or heterogeneously-constructed soil samples were determined to select the best soil construction module for refuse dump reclamation in the opencast mines of the Shanxi-Shaanxi-Inner Mongolia energy circle. Five treatments, including three homogeneous soil samples consisting of sandy soil, Montmorillonite-enriched sandstone, and sand-Montmorillonite-enriched sandstone mixture, together with two heterogeneous soil samples composed of sandy soil + Montmorillonite-enriched sandstone + sandy soil and sandy soil + sandy − Montmorillonite-enriched sandstone mixture (7:3) + sandy soil. Three replicates of each treatment were prepared in the indoor pillars to measure the infiltration process by auto-recording geometry, to investigate the infiltration features of various soil configurations by testing their infiltration rate, cumulative infiltration capacity, wetting front migration, and profile soil content, and to evaluate the infiltration of newly constructed soil in the natural conditions of the research area. The experiment demonstrated that the addition of Montmorillonite-enriched sandstone into sandy soil significantly slowed down soil water infiltration, especially in the heterogeneous soils. Traditional models perfectly simulated the soil water infiltration in the three homogeneous soils in which soil infiltration capacity could be segmentally fitted by Kostiakov model and linear model, and wetting front could be fitted by a power function. Compared with the homogeneous soil samples, heterogeneous soil could reduce the direct surface runoff and deep percolation, and is an idealized structure for soil reconstruction in opencast coal mine dump.
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Nasruddin i Aso. "Rain Effect Frequency of Infiltration Rate and Infiltration Capacity in Common Soil: Laboratory Test with Rainfall Simulator". Journal La Multiapp 1, nr 1 (30.01.2020): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.37899/journallamultiapp.v1i1.37.

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Analyzing the Influence of Rain Frequency Infiltration Rate and Infiltration Capacity in Common Soil Type (Laboratory Testing Study With Rainfall Simulator). Infiltration is the flow of water into the ground through the soil surface. This process is a very important part of the hydrological cycle and in the process of transferring rain into the flow of water in the soil before reaching the river. Infiltration (infiltration rate and capacity) is influenced by various variables, including soil type, slope inclination, density and type of vegetation, soil moisture content, and rainfall intensity. This study aims to determine the effect of rainfall frequency on the infiltration rate and infiltration capacity on common soil types. This research is a type of laboratory experimental research, using rainfall simulator tool. The soil used in this study is common soil type. Furthermore, artificial rain was provided with intensity I5, I15, and I25 and performed infiltration rate reading on the Drain Rainfall Simulator. The rate and capacity of infiltration in common soils increase proportionally to the increased intensity of rainfall, the higher the intensity of rainfall the higher the infiltration occurring at the same level of rain frequency. The rate and capacity of infiltration in common soils decrease proportionally to the increasing frequency of rain, the more the frequency of rain the smaller the infiltration occurring at the same level of rainfall intensity
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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Soil infiltration"

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Barrett, Gary Edward. "Infiltration in water repellent soil". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28618.

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Observations made at Goat Meadows - a small sub-alpine basin located near Pemberton, British Columbia -demonstrated that a layer which is either water repellent or has only a limited affinity for water is present at most vegetated sites. The layer is typically a few centimetres in thickness, and is usually located at or near the top of the profile: it was present only in the zone of accumulation of organic matter. The spatial distribution of the layer did not appear to be related to the distribution of any particular species of plant. Sampling of sub-alpine sites in the Cascade, Selkirk, and Purcell Mountains indicated that such layers are common in the alpine - sub-alpine ecotone of southern British Columbia. The relationship between ponding depth and infiltration rate was explored through experiments conducted on samples collected near Ash Lake, in Goat Meadows. These samples were chosen for analysis because the repellent layer was in excess of thirty centimetres thick at this site. Infiltration rates remained below 2x10⁻⁹ m/s for all samples, even given ponding depths of up to forty centimetres. Breakthrough of liquid water was not observed, even after one month, which implies that most of the infiltration occurred as vapour transfer. In order to observe the movement of liquid water through water repellent media, a plexiglas cell was constructed. A synthetic water repellent sand with uniform surface properties was used as the medium. It was found that up to some critical depth, there was no entry of water into the medium. As the ponding depth was increased in steps, the front would advance in steps: it remained stationary between these step-increases in ponding depth. As the front advanced, protuberances or "fingers" began to develop. At some critical ponding depth, a finger would grow without bound. These observations pose a challenge to existing models of infiltration, since it appears that heterogeneity at the scale of individual pores must be invoked to explain them, but it is usually assumed that the properties of a porous medium are continuous at this scale. The thermodynamics of filling and emptying of pores is considered with emphasis on the effects of pore shape and of variations in the physicochemical properties at the scale of the pore. This thermodynamic analysis provides the conceptual basis for development of a model of infiltration in which pore-scale heterogeneity is preserved. Although it was not developed as such, the model follows the approach of cellular automata, in which local relations between pores or "cells" govern the behaviour of the system. The model replicated the observations of infiltration into synthetic water repellent porous media well: both the halting advance of the front as the ponding depth was increased and the development of fingers were simulated. The fact that such complex behaviour was predicted using only a simple set of physically based rules confirms the power of the approach.
Arts, Faculty of
Geography, Department of
Graduate
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Ng, Man-chung, i 吳敏聰. "Water infiltration in unsaturated soil slope". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46599642.

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Kwong, Chin Pang. "Field and laboratory experimental study of water infiltration in cracked soil /". View abstract or full-text, 2009. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CIVL%202009%20KWONG.

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Nyawakira, Bernard 1955. "Evaluation of two furrow infiltration measuring methods and furrow spacings". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277171.

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The effect of furrow spacing on infiltration should be determined in order to properly design an irrigation system. The blocked furrow infiltrometer (BFI) and the flowing furrow infiltrometer (FFI) methods were investigated for this purpose in two areas upon a precision field furrow. Three irrigations were performed in each method. The initial and final soil moisture contents (before and after irrigation), the furrow cross-section (before and after irrigation), the inflow volume and the furrow water surface elevations (during irrigation) were measured in each test furrow. Cumulative infiltration and infiltration rates were determined for each irrigation. The results indicate that the FFI test furrows infiltrated more water than did the BFI test furrows for the same infiltration time. The infiltration rates were higher in the FFI test furrows than in the BFI test furrows until they approach the basic intake rate. The infiltration rates were also higher during the 0.90 m spacing tests than during the 1.80 m spacing tests. The 0.90 m spacing test furrows infiltrated more water than did the 1.80 m spacing test furrows.
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Nilsson, Peter. "Infiltration of wastewater : an applied study on treatment of wastewater by soil infiltration /". Lund, Sweden : Dept. of Environmental Engineering, Lund Institute of Technology, University of Lund, 1990. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=006106905&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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Pimental-Lopez, Jose. "Modeling two-dimensional infiltration from furrows". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/279977.

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Numerical simulations were performed to study two-dimensional infiltration from furrows. The simulations were carried out using the models SWMS_2D, HYDRUS-2D and HYDRUS-1D. The first model was used to evaluate the individual effect of soil and furrow parameters on cumulative infiltration and deep seepage. Cumulative infiltration was found to be more sensitive to saturated hydraulic conductivity, wetted perimeter and furrow spacing than the other parameters for relatively long times, while cumulative deep seepage was more sensitive to the same parameters except to the furrow spacing. It was verified that two-dimensional cumulative infiltration can be approximated using one-dimensional models, for example HYDRUS-1D, by combining the vertical and horizontal infiltrations. The two-dimensional cumulative infiltration is underpredicted by no more than 35% using this calculation. When steady state is reached the steady infiltration rate may be linearly related to the depth of the furrow. As a result, steady infiltration rate is dependent only on type of soil, water depth in the furrow and furrow width. Broocks-Corey soil hydraulic parameters were matched to the van Genuchten parameters by four different procedures. The method based on matching sorptivities produced the closest results to the van Genuchten solution for one- and two-dimensional cumulative infiltration. However, cumulative deep seepage was not accurately simulated. The SCS infiltration parameters were also matched but using an inverse problem methodology. The parameters obtained described cumulative infiltration reasonably well.
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Li, Jinhui. "Field experimental study and numerical simulation of seepage in saturated/unsaturated cracked soil /". View abstract or full-text, 2009. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CIVL%202009%20LIJ.

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Killen, Mark Albert. "A physically based analytical model to predict infiltration under surge irrigation". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184379.

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A significant advantage attributed to surge flow irrigation is that for the same volume of water applied the stream will advance farther along the furrow than with continuous flow. This potentially will reduce runoff and deep percolation which will improve uniformity and application efficiency where this advance phenomenon holds. The mechanism for improvement in advance time has generally been ascribed to surface sealing and surface layer consolidation. However, these phenomena do not satisfactorily explain improved advance times in sandy soils. Widely used infiltration equations which require the determination of empirical coefficients are unsatisfactory as predictors of infiltration conditions of intermittent wetting. The Green-Ampt model and a simple redistribution model are combined into an analytical model to predict infiltration under surge irrigation. The model results are compared to infiltration tests on soil columns of three soils of different soil textures. Also the model and the experimental results from the soil columns are compared to predictions made by two numerical solutions of the Richard's equation. One of the numerical models includes the effect of hysteresis by the use of Mualem's model to predict the variation of moisture content with potential, the other numerical model neglects the effect of hysteresis. A comparison of the analytical and the numerical models shows good agreement in their predictions for the soils and surge cycles tested. A comparison of predictions made by all three models shows good correlation to the experimental results. Although the number of tests done on the analytical model were limited it appears to be nearly as good a predictor of infiltration as the numerical models. The greatest strength of the analytical model is that while the numerical models took many hours to do a single run, the analytical model took only a few minutes. Both model and experimental results indicate that there was no reduction in infiltration rates or volumes infiltrated with intermittent as compared to continuous wetting. Thus the reduction in hydraulic gradient is not a factor in the reduced infiltration observed by others.
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Smith, Philip Graham Clark. "Numerical analysis of infiltration into partially saturated soil slopes". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.407342.

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K, C. Milan. "Applicability of Soil Moisture Sensors in Determination of Infiltration Rate". University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1509217475534338.

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Książki na temat "Soil infiltration"

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Sinha, Rajiv. Infiltration studies in India. Roorkee: National Institute of Hydrology, 1994.

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Angulo-Jaramillo, Rafael, Vincenzo Bagarello, Massimo Iovino i Laurent Lassabatere. Infiltration Measurements for Soil Hydraulic Characterization. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31788-5.

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Telis, Pamela A. Estimation of infiltration rates of saturated soils at selected sites in the Caloosahatchee River basin, southwestern Florida. Tallahassee, Fla: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2001.

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Sharda, V. N. Infiltration and its simulation. Roorkee: INCOH Secretariat, 1997.

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Wu, Lizhou, i Jianting Zhou. Rainfall Infiltration in Unsaturated Soil Slope Failure. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-9737-2.

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Rolf, Schröder. Modellierung von Verschlämmung und Infiltration in landwirtschaftlich genutzten Einzugsgebieten. Sankt Augustin: Asgard-Verlag, 2000.

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Chiang, Shan-hsin. Two-dimensional infiltration equations: Soil-box laboratory experiments. Honolulu: University of Hawaii at Manoa, Water Resources Research Center, 1985.

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Chiang, Shan-hsin. Two-dimensional infiltration equations: Soil-box laboratory experiments. Honolulu: University of Hawaii at Manoa, Water Resources Research Center, 1985.

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Miyazawa, Hiroshi. Kankyō chisui no jissen: Dojō shintō ni yoru chisui keikaku sekkei, sekō jirei. Tōkyō: Higashi Ginza Shuppansha, 2012.

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Thomas, Carole L. Determination of infiltration and percolation rates along a reach of the Santa Fe River near La Bajada, New Mexico. Albuquerque, N.M: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2000.

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Części książek na temat "Soil infiltration"

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Chesworth, Ward, Augusto Perez‐Alberti, Emmanuelle Arnaud, H. J. Morel‐Seytoux i H. J. Morel‐Seytoux. "Infiltration". W Encyclopedia of Soil Science, 350–62. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-3995-9_291.

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Shukla, Manoj K. "Water Infiltration into the Vadose Zone". W Soil Physics, 187–210. Wyd. 2. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429264849-10.

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Novák, Viliam, i Hana Hlaváčiková. "Infiltration of Water into Soil". W Applied Soil Hydrology, 137–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01806-1_10.

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Reichardt, Klaus, i Luís Carlos Timm. "Water Infiltration into the Soil". W Soil, Plant and Atmosphere, 217–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19322-5_11.

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Angulo-Jaramillo, Rafael, Vincenzo Bagarello, Massimo Iovino i Laurent Lassabatere. "Saturated Soil Hydraulic Conductivity". W Infiltration Measurements for Soil Hydraulic Characterization, 43–180. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31788-5_2.

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Angulo-Jaramillo, Rafael, Vincenzo Bagarello, Massimo Iovino i Laurent Lassabatere. "Unsaturated Soil Hydraulic Properties". W Infiltration Measurements for Soil Hydraulic Characterization, 181–287. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31788-5_3.

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Siegrist, Robert L. "Treatment Using Subsurface Soil Infiltration". W Decentralized Water Reclamation Engineering, 547–639. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40472-1_11.

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Mualem, Y., i S. Assouline. "Soil Sealing, Infiltration and Runoff". W Water Science and Technology Library, 131–81. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2929-1_4.

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Douglas, Ian. "Infiltration, Soil Water and Pipeflow". W Ecological Studies, 127–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91544-5_7.

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Ibrahim, Aniza, Muhammad Mukhlisin i Othman Jaafar. "Rainfall Infiltration into Unsaturated Soil". W InCIEC 2014, 545–56. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-290-6_48.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Soil infiltration"

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Wang, Xiao, Yongtu Liang, Shengli Liu i Mengyu Wu. "Analysis of Products Pipeline Accident Infiltration Process in Surface Soil Condition". W ASME 2019 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2019-93069.

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Abstract The most common way of transportation for refined oil is long-distance pipeline. Pipeline accidents occur frequently due to corrosion, equipment failure, external forces destruction. Aiming at predicting the contaminated area in soil caused by products pipeline accidents, this experimental study was conducted to examine the relationship between the light non-aqueous phase liquids (LNAPL) accumulative infiltrate volume and the time of infiltration process in homogeneous and layered soils. The soil’s hydraulic parameters were obtained by basic experiments and RETC software. Compared with traditional infiltration mathematical model, Green-Ampt model is the most common mathematical model to calculate the infiltration process in the unsaturated soil. In this study, a modified Green-Ampt model was developed to describe water and diesel infiltration through a 100-cm-long and layered soil column. In the modified Green-Ampt model, an infiltration reduction ratio was introduced to describe the effect of the hydraulic conductivity of the layered position. To evaluate the proposed method in the effect of the layers position infiltration permeability, eight constant water head layered column infiltration experiment were conducted to record the different infiltration fluid and different constant water head infiltration process. Compared the experiment results with traditional mathematical traditional Green-Ampt model (average R2 = 0.976) and Hydrus-1D software (average R2 = 0.988) The modified Green-Ampt model had relatively higher precision in accumulative infiltrate volume (average R2 = 0.992) and the wetting front velocity in infiltration process (average R2 = 0.997). Thus, the modified mathematical model was applied an effective upscaling scheme in layered formations. The experimental result also demonstrated that soil layering affected the infiltration process. With the increase of soil depth and density, the infiltration speed of the layered soil column decreased. Additionally, the infiltrate speed of wetting front decreases slowly at the layered surface. The experiment’s fitting results showed that the modified mathematical model about infiltrate time and liquid contaminant accumulative infiltrate volume, wetting front infiltrate velocity can highly effective approach to simulate water and light non-aqueous phase liquids (LNAPL) infiltration process in layered soils.
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Raimbault, Georges, Emmanuel Berthier, Marie-Laure Mosini i Claude Joannis. "Urban Stormwater Infiltration and Soil Drainage". W Ninth International Conference on Urban Drainage (9ICUD). Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40644(2002)37.

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Kuraz, Michal. "Inverse modeling of soil infiltration process". W INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS (ICNAAM 2016). Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4992448.

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Ibrahim, A., M. Mukhlisin i O. Jaafar. "Effect of rainfall infiltration into unsaturated soil using soil column". W INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (IntCET 2017). Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5022916.

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Yin, Qiuxiao, Haiping Zhang i Yiping Zhu. "Treatment of Highway Runoff with Soil Infiltration System". W 2009 3rd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE 2009). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2009.5163708.

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Ekhmaj, Ahmed Ibrahim. "Predicting soil infiltration rate using Artificial Neural Network". W 2010 International Conference on Environmental Engineering and Applications (ICEEA). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceea.2010.5596107.

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Widemann, Baltasar Trancon y., i Christina Bogner. "Image analysis for soil dye tracer infiltration studies". W 2012 3rd International Conference on Image Processing Theory, Tools and Applications (IPTA). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ipta.2012.6469517.

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Tabbagh, A., R. Guérin, B. Cheviron, H. Henine i M. Bechkit. "Seasonal Monitoring of Soil Water Content and Infiltration Using Soil Temperature Measurements". W Near Surface Geoscience 2016 - 22nd European Meeting of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201601950.

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Ebel, Brian A. "SOIL-HYDRAULIC PROPERTIES AND INFILTRATION TIMESCALES IN WILDFIRE-AFFECTED SOILS AND ASH". W GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-281271.

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VIEIRA, J. H., L. J. S. SANTOS, J. S. DIVINCULA, L. A. SANTOS, R. S. SILVA i M. A. L. SANTOS. "ACCUMULATED INFILTRATION AND SPEED OF INFILTRATION IN SANDY LOAM SOIL WITH AND WITHOUT VEGETABLE COVERAGE". W IV Inovagri International Meeting. Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil: INOVAGRI/ESALQ-USP/ABID/UFRB/INCT-EI/INCTSal/INSTITUTO FUTURE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7127/iv-inovagri-meeting-2017-res3760608.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Soil infiltration"

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Agassi, Menahem, Michael J. Singer, Eyal Ben-Dor, Naftaly Goldshleger, Donald Rundquist, Dan Blumberg i Yoram Benyamini. Developing Remote Sensing Based-Techniques for the Evaluation of Soil Infiltration Rate and Surface Roughness. United States Department of Agriculture, listopad 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7586479.bard.

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The objective of this one-year project was to show whether a significant correlation can be established between the decreasing infiltration rate of the soil, during simulated rainstorm, and a following increase in the reflectance of the crusting soil. The project was supposed to be conducted under laboratory conditions, using at least three types of soils from each country. The general goal of this work was to develop a method for measuring the soil infiltration rate in-situ, solely from the reflectance readings, using a spectrometer. Loss of rain and irrigation water from cultivated fields is a matter of great concern, especially in arid, semi-arid regions, e.g. much of Israel and vast area in US, where water is a limiting factor for crop production. A major reason for runoff of rain and overhead irrigation water is the structural crust that is generated over a bare soils surface during rainfall or overhead irrigation events and reduces its infiltration rate (IR), considerably. IR data is essential for predicting the amount of percolating rainwater and runoff. Available information on in situ infiltration rate and crust strength is necessary for the farmers to consider: when it is necessary to cultivate for breaking the soil crust, crust strength and seedlings emergence, precision farming, etc. To date, soil IR is measured in the laboratory and in small-scale field plots, using rainfall simulators. This method is tedious and consumes considerable resources. Therefore, an available, non-destructive-in situ methods for soil IR and soil crusting levels evaluations, are essential for the verification of infiltration and runoff models and the evaluation of the amount of available water in the soil. In this research, soil samples from the US and Israel were subjected to simulated rainstorms of increasing levels of cumulative energies, during which IR (crusting levels) were measured. The soils from the US were studied simultaneously in the US and in Israel in order to compare the effect of the methodology on the results. The soil surface reflectance was remotely measured, using laboratory and portable spectrometers in the VIS-NIR and SWIR spectral region (0.4-2.5mm). A correlation coefficient spectra in which the wavelength, consisting of the higher correlation, was selected to hold the highest linear correlation between the spectroscopy and the infiltration rate. There does not appear to be a single wavelength that will be best for all soils. The results with the six soils in both countries indeed showed that there is a significant correlation between the infiltration rate of crusted soils and their reflectance values. Regarding the wavelength with the highest correlation for each soil, it is likely that either a combined analysis with more then one wavelength or several "best" wavelengths will be found that will provide useful data on soil surface condition and infiltration rate. The product of this work will serve as a model for predicting infiltration rate and crusting levels solely from the reflectance readings. Developing the aforementioned methodologies will allow increased utilization of rain and irrigation water, reduced runoff, floods and soil erosion hazards, reduced seedlings emergence problems and increased plants stand and yields.
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Shillito, Rose, Markus Berli i Teamrat Ghezzehei. Quantifying the effect of subcritical water repellency on sorptivity : a physically based model. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), lipiec 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41054.

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Soil water wettability or water repellency is a phenomenon that can affect infiltration and, ultimately, runoff. Thus, there is a need to develop a model that can quantitatively capture the influence of water repellency on infiltration in a physically meaningful way and within the framework of existing infiltration theory. The analytical model developed in this study relates soil sorptivity (an infiltration parameter) with contact angle (a direct measure of water repellency) for variably saturated media. The model was validated with laboratory experiments using a silica sand of known properties treated to produce controlled degrees of water repellency. The measured contact angle and sorptivity values closely matched the model‐predicted values. Further, the relationship between the frequently used water drop penetration time test (used to assess water repellency) and sorptivity was illustrated. Finally, the direct impact of water repellency on saturated hydraulic conductivity was investigated due to its role in infiltration equations and to shed light on inconsistent field observations. It was found that water repellency had minimal effect on the saturated hydraulic conductivity of structureless sand. A quantitative model for infiltration incorporating the effect of water repellency is particularly important for post‐fire hydrologic modeling of burned areas exhibiting water repellent soils.
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Robichaud, P. R., S. A. Lewis i L. E. Ashmun. New procedure for sampling infiltration to assess post-fire soil water repellency. Ft. Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/rmrs-rn-33.

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Unger, Paul W., Yoram Benyamini, O. R. Jones i Joseph Morin. Rainfall Infiltration as Affected by Soil Aggregation Resulting from Different Tillage Methods. United States Department of Agriculture, październik 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1986.7566757.bard.

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Warrick, Arthur W., Gideon Oron, Mary M. Poulton, Rony Wallach i Alex Furman. Multi-Dimensional Infiltration and Distribution of Water of Different Qualities and Solutes Related Through Artificial Neural Networks. United States Department of Agriculture, styczeń 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7695865.bard.

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The project exploits the use of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) to describe infiltration, water, and solute distribution in the soil during irrigation. It provides a method of simulating water and solute movement in the subsurface which, in principle, is different and has some advantages over the more common approach of numerical modeling of flow and transport equations. The five objectives were (i) Numerically develop a database for the prediction of water and solute distribution for irrigation; (ii) Develop predictive models using ANN; (iii) Develop an experimental (laboratory) database of water distribution with time; within a transparent flow cell by high resolution CCD video camera; (iv) Conduct field studies to provide basic data for developing and testing the ANN; and (v) Investigate the inclusion of water quality [salinity and organic matter (OM)] in an ANN model used for predicting infiltration and subsurface water distribution. A major accomplishment was the successful use of Moment Analysis (MA) to characterize “plumes of water” applied by various types of irrigation (including drip and gravity sources). The general idea is to describe the subsurface water patterns statistically in terms of only a few (often 3) parameters which can then be predicted by the ANN. It was shown that ellipses (in two dimensions) or ellipsoids (in three dimensions) can be depicted about the center of the plume. Any fraction of water added can be related to a ‘‘probability’’ curve relating the size of the ellipse (or ellipsoid) that contains that amount of water. The initial test of an ANN to predict the moments (and hence the water plume) was with numerically generated data for infiltration from surface and subsurface drip line and point sources in three contrasting soils. The underlying dataset consisted of 1,684,500 vectors (5 soils×5 discharge rates×3 initial conditions×1,123 nodes×20 print times) where each vector had eleven elements consisting of initial water content, hydraulic properties of the soil, flow rate, time and space coordinates. The output is an estimate of subsurface water distribution for essentially any soil property, initial condition or flow rate from a drip source. Following the formal development of the ANN, we have prepared a “user-friendly” version in a spreadsheet environment (in “Excel”). The input data are selected from appropriate values and the output is instantaneous resulting in a picture of the resulting water plume. The MA has also proven valuable, on its own merit, in the description of the flow in soil under laboratory conditions for both wettable and repellant soils. This includes non-Darcian flow examples and redistribution and well as infiltration. Field experiments were conducted in different agricultural fields and various water qualities in Israel. The obtained results will be the basis for the further ANN models development. Regions of high repellence were identified primarily under the canopy of various orchard crops, including citrus and persimmons. Also, increasing OM in the applied water lead to greater repellency. Major scientific implications are that the ANN offers an alternative to conventional flow and transport modeling and that MA is a powerful technique for describing the subsurface water distributions for normal (wettable) and repellant soil. Implications of the field measurements point to the special role of OM in affecting wettability, both from the irrigation water and from soil accumulation below canopies. Implications for agriculture are that a modified approach for drip system design should be adopted for open area crops and orchards, and taking into account the OM components both in the soil and in the applied waters.
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Miyamoto, Seiichi, i Rami Keren. Improving Efficiency of Reclamation of Sodium-Affected Soils. United States Department of Agriculture, grudzień 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7570569.bard.

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Sodium affected soils, along with salt-affected soils, are distributed widely in irrigated areas of the arid and semi-arid region of the world. Some of these soils can and must be reclaimed to meet the increasing demand for food, and existing irrigated lands must be managed to reduce salinization and alkalization associated with deteriorating irrigation water quality. This project was conducted for examining ways to reduce the use of chemical amendments and large quantities of leaching water for reclaiming sodic soils or for preventing soil sodification, We hypothesized that sodicity of calcareous soils irrigated with moderately sodic irrigation water can be controlled by maximizing dissolution of soil CaCO3. The work performed in Israel has shown that dissolution of CaCO3 can be enhanced by elevating the CO2 partial pressure in soils, and by increasing pore water velocity. The concentration of Ca in pore water was at an order of 1.5 mmolc L-1 at a CO2 partial pressure of 5 kPa, which is sufficient to maintain SAR below 4 at salinity of irrigation water of 0.5 dS m-1 or less. Incorporation of crop residue at a flesh weight of 100 Mg ha-1 reduced the exchangeable Na percentage from 19 to 5%, while it remained 14% without crop residue application These findings indicate a possibility of preventing soil sodification with appropriate crop rotation and residue management without chemical amendments, provided that soils remain permeable. In the case of highly sodic soils, dissolution of CaCO3 alone is usually insufficient to maintain soil permeability during initial leaching. We examined the effect of salinity and sodicity on water infiltration, then developed a way to estimate the amendments required on the basis of water infiltration and drainage characteristics, rather than the traditional idea of reducing the exchangeable Na percentage to a pre-fixed value. Initial indications from soil column and lysimeter study are that the proposed method provides realistic estimates of amendment requirements. We further hypothesized that cultivation of salt-tolerant plants with water of elevated salinity can enhance reclamation of severely Na-affected soils primarily through improved water infiltration and increased dissolution of CaCO3 through respiration. An outdoor lysimeter experiment using two saline sodic Entisols sodded with saltgrass for two seasons did not necessarily support this hypothesis. While there was an evidence of increased removal of the exchangeable Na originally present in the soils, the final salinity and sodicity measured were lowest without sod, and highest when sodded. High transpiration rates, coupled with low permeability and/or inadequate leaching seemed to have offset the potential benefits of increased CaCO3 dissolution and subsequent removal of exchangeable Na. Although vegetative means of reclaiming sodic soils had been reported to be effective in sandy soils with sufficient permeability, additional study is needed for its use in saline sodic soils under the high evaporative demand. The use of cool season grass after initial salt leaching with CaCl2 should be explored. Results obtained from this project have several potential applications, which include the use of crop residues for maintaining sodium balance, the use of CaCl2 for initial leaching of poorly permeable clayey sodic soils, and appraisal of sodicity effects, and appropriate rates and types of amendments required for reclamation
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Zhang, Renduo, i David Russo. Scale-dependency and spatial variability of soil hydraulic properties. United States Department of Agriculture, listopad 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7587220.bard.

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Water resources assessment and protection requires quantitative descriptions of field-scale water flow and contaminant transport through the subsurface, which, in turn, require reliable information about soil hydraulic properties. However, much is still unknown concerning hydraulic properties and flow behavior in heterogeneous soils. Especially, relationships of hydraulic properties changing with measured scales are poorly understood. Soil hydraulic properties are usually measured at a small scale and used for quantifying flow and transport in large scales, which causes misleading results. Therefore, determination of scale-dependent and spatial variability of soil hydraulic properties provides the essential information for quantifying water flow and chemical transport through the subsurface, which are the key processes for detection of potential agricultural/industrial contaminants, reduction of agricultural chemical movement, improvement of soil and water quality, and increase of agricultural productivity. The original research objectives of this project were: 1. to measure soil hydraulic properties at different locations and different scales at large fields; 2. to develop scale-dependent relationships of soil hydraulic properties; and 3. to determine spatial variability and heterogeneity of soil hydraulic properties as a function of measurement scales. The US investigators conducted field and lab experiments to measure soil hydraulic properties at different locations and different scales. Based on the field and lab experiments, a well-structured database of soil physical and hydraulic properties was developed. The database was used to study scale-dependency, spatial variability, and heterogeneity of soil hydraulic properties. An improved method was developed for calculating hydraulic properties based on infiltration data from the disc infiltrometer. Compared with the other methods, the proposed method provided more accurate and stable estimations of the hydraulic conductivity and macroscopic capillary length, using infiltration data collected atshort experiment periods. We also developed scale-dependent relationships of soil hydraulic properties using the fractal and geostatistical characterization. The research effort of the Israeli research team concentrates on tasks along the second objective. The main accomplishment of this effort is that we succeed to derive first-order, upscaled (block effective) conductivity tensor, K'ᵢⱼ, and time-dependent dispersion tensor, D'ᵢⱼ, i,j=1,2,3, for steady-state flow in three-dimensional, partially saturated, heterogeneous formations, for length-scales comparable with those of the formation heterogeneity. Numerical simulations designed to test the applicability of the upscaling methodology to more general situations involving complex, transient flow regimes originating from periodic rain/irrigation events and water uptake by plant roots suggested that even in this complicated case, the upscaling methodology essentially compensated for the loss of sub-grid-scale variations of the velocity field caused by coarse discretization of the flow domain. These results have significant implications with respect to the development of field-scale solute transport models capable of simulating complex real-world scenarios in the subsurface, and, in turn, are essential for the assessment of the threat posed by contamination from agricultural and/or industrial sources.
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K. Rehfeldt. Data Analysis for Infiltration Modeling: Techical Evaluation of Previous Soil Depth Estimation Methods and Develoment of Aternate Parameter Values. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), lipiec 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/899229.

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K. Rehfeldt. Data Analysis for Infiltration Modeling: Techical Evaluation of Previous Soil Depth Estimation Methods and Develoment of Aternate Parameter Values. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), wrzesień 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/899249.

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Anderton, Gary, Ernest Berney, John Newman, Travis Mann, Chad Gartrell i Daniel Miller. Joint Rapid Airfield Construction (JRAC) Program 2004 Demonstration Project--Fort Bragg, North Carolina. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), marzec 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40139.

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This report describes the demonstration of technologies and procedures developed during April 2002 and May 2004 under the Joint Rapid Airfield Construction (JRAC) Program. The demonstration took place at Sicily Landing Zone (LZ) at Fort Bragg, NC, in July of 2004. The objective of the exercise was to demonstrate the procedures and technologies developed under the JRAC Program by rapidly building two parking aprons capable of supporting C-130 transport aircraft taxiing and parking operations. The exercise was conducted under continuous 24-hr operations to simulate a real-world rapid construction environment. Apron 1 (north apron) was constructed using two technologies, one-half being ACE™ Matting and the other half being a cement-polymer stabilized soil surface. Apron 2 (south apron) was constructed solely of a fiber-cement-stabilized soil system. Both aprons were treated with a polymer emulsion surface application to form a sealed surface against abrasion and water infiltration. The entire construction of both aprons required 76 hr, with Apron 1 finished in 48 hr. The construction of Apron 1 was validated by operation of a C-130 aircraft approximately 31 hr after completion with success and high praises from the aircraft flight crew on the stability and surface of the apron, as well as its dust-abating characteristics.
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