Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Soil erosion – Mathematical models”
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Deumlich, D., A. Jha i G. Kirchner. "Comparing measurements, 7Be radiotracer technique and process-based erosion model for estimating short-term soil loss from cultivated land in Northern Germany". Soil and Water Research 12, No. 3 (28.06.2017): 177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/124/2016-swr.
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Due to changing climate and irregular weather patterns, event-based soil loss and sediment yield have become important issues in the agricultural areas. Several mathematical models and prediction methodologies have been used to estimate event-based soil loss and soil redistribution based on soil types, land management, hydrology and local topography. The use of short-lived beryllium-7 as a means of estimating event-based soil erosion/deposition rates has become an alternative to the traditional soil loss measurement methods. A new erosion model taking into account the movement of <sup>7</sup>Be in soils has been presented recently. In order to direct the attention to the potential offered by this technique (measurements and mathematical model), a two-year study was performed at the erosion plots in Müncheberg, Germany, and twelve individual erosion rates were estimated. This paper presents a systematic comparison of the non-steady state <sup>7</sup>Be model with the process-based erosion model EROSION-3D and measured data. The results demonstrate a close consistency between the erosion rates estimated by erosion models and the estimates provided by the <sup>7</sup>Be model and can therefore be seen as a promising contribution to validating the use of this radionuclide to document short-term soil redistribution within the plot and deposited sediment at the bottom of the plot.
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Gajic, Grozdana, Nikola Zivanovic i Luka Vukic. "Indicators and degradation mechanisam of loess soil". Bulletin of the Faculty of Forestry, nr 114 (2016): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsf1614045g.
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Studies that are presented in this paper were carried out to define the formation criteria of loess soil degradation. Erosion stability analysis of this soil type will be carried out on the basis of its physical and mechanical characteristics. To describe the established relationships between the individual parameters of loess soil, the study uses mathematical model, that is based on experimentally obtained results of soils? physical and mechanical characteristics, From the presented results of geotechnical tests, mathematical models and functional relations between water regime and loess soils? resistant characteristics; indicators of internal erosion were defined as well as the mechanism of this process. Effects of the practical application of found results are also analyzed in this paper.
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Bagarello, Vincenzo, Vito Ferro i Dennis Flanagan. "Predicting plot soil loss by empirical and process-oriented approaches. A review". Journal of Agricultural Engineering 49, nr 1 (5.04.2018): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jae.2018.710.
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Soil erosion directly affects the quality of the soil, its agricultural productivity and its biological diversity. Many mathematical models have been developed to estimate plot soil erosion at different temporal scales. At present, empirical soil loss equations and process-oriented models are considered as constituting a complementary suite of models to be chosen to meet the specific user need. In this paper, the Universal Soil Loss Equation and its revised versions are first reviewed. Selected methodologies developed to estimate the factors of the model with the aim to improve the soil loss estimate are described. Then the Water Erosion Prediction Project which represents a process-oriented technology for soil erosion prediction at different spatial scales, is presented. The available criteria to discriminate between acceptable and unacceptable soil loss estimates are subsequently introduced. Finally, some research needs, concerning tests of both empirical and process-oriented models, estimates of the soil loss of given return periods, reliability of soil loss measurements, measurements of rill and gully erosion, and physical models are delineated.
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Vysloužilová, Barbora, i Zdeněk Kliment. "Soil Erosion and Sediment Deposition Modelling at the Small Catchment Scale". Geografie 117, nr 2 (2012): 170–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.37040/geografie2012117020170.
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Water erosion is considered to be the most important factor behind the degradation of agricultural land. Many methods of measuring soil erosion processes, using mathematical models, have been developed in recent years. The most widespread of these, USLE, and its modifications have been used as the basis for new erosion models. Two such models, USPED (Mitášová et al. 1996) and WaTEM/SEDEM (Van Rompaey et al. 2001; Van Oost et al. 2000; Verstraeten et al. 2002), have been utilized to study erosion and deposition processes in the experimental rural catchment of Černičí. River sediment transport is also calculated using the WaTEM/ SEDEM model. The results are discussed with results from USLE and a field survey. The article also presents brief instructions for implementing the models in a GIS environment.
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Svetlitchnyi, А. A., i A. V. Piatkova. "Spatially distributed GIS-realized mathematical model of rainstorm erosion losses of soil". Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology 28, nr 3 (10.10.2019): 562–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/111953.
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In connection with the wide and ever increasing spread of erosion degradation of agricultural lands in Ukraine, the task of developing mathematical models and methods for calculating water erosion of soils corresponding to the current level of erosion study and the demands of soil protection practices is becoming increasingly important. The article is devoted to the development of a spatially distributed GIS-implemented mathematical model of rainstorm soil erosion, which accounts for most of the annual soil losses (in the Steppe zone, for example, about 90 %). The development of the model is based on the most theoretically and informationally grounded model for the Steppe and Forest-Steppe of Ukraine , “the logical-mathematical model of rainstorm soil outwash” developed by H. I. Shvebs (1974, 1981), as well as the results of theoretical and field studies and mathematical modeling of the slope runoff and water erosion of soil, carried out at the Department of Physical Geography and Environmental Management of Odessa I. I. Mechnikov National University in the 1990s - 2010s, and also the possibilities of modern geoinformation technologies. For the spatial implementation of the model, a raster model of spatial data and operators of the PCRaster GIS-package (University of Utrecht, the Netherlands) were used, integrated with the Basic programming language into a single system that provides an implementation of the computational algorithm. The developed physical-statistical model of soil erosion-sedimentation takes into account the peculiarities of the formation of slope runoff and soil outwash in conditions of excessive nonstationarity of heavy rainfall, as well as spatial heterogeneity of all major natural and economic factors of water erosion on a slope, including slope steepness, exposure, longitudinal and transverse forms of slopes, soil erodibility, structure of sown areas and anti-erosion measures. Checking the adequacy of the mathematical model was performed using observational data of four experimental catchments ; two runoff plots of the Moldavan water-balance station with total area of 0.08 ha, the Ploska catchment with area of 8.5 ha (Boguslav field experimental base of Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute) and the Sukha catchment with area of 63 ha (Veliko-Anadol water-balance station) with observation periods of 17-31 years. Comparison of the calculated average over the catchment area of mean annual values of rainstorm soil losses, with the corresponding values obtained from measurements on these catchments, made on the basis of Nash-Sutcliff efficiency criterion (NS), allowed us to evaluate the quality of the model as good (NS = 0.72).
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Gajic, Grozdana. "Parameters of the occurrence of internal erosion processes in salty-sandy soils". Bulletin of the Faculty of Forestry, nr 92 (2005): 15–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsf0592015g.
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The study was aimed at defining the conditions of the occurrence of internal erosion in silty-sandy soils. The susceptibility of this soil to internal erosion depends on the porosity, particle-size composition and hydro-geo-mechanical parameters. Internal erosion stability was analyzed by the introduction of the coefficient of particle composition as the critical particle-size condition, which is in fact the coefficient of internal erosion (Kue). Based on the study results, mathematical models and the functional correlation between water regime and resistant characteristics of silty-sandy soils, we defined the parameters of the occurrence of initial internal erosion and analyzed the effects of the practical application of the study results.
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Petrychenko, V., O. Tarariko i O. Syrotenko. "Space Technologies in Agri-Environmental Monitoring System". Agricultural Science and Practice 1, nr 1 (15.04.2014): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/agrisp1.01.003.
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The contemporary development of the remote space survey syst ems and elements of geoinformation t echnolo gies o ffers the fundamentally new possibilities of control, forecasting and interpretation of the data obtained from agroecological monitoring. Aim. To describe natural and climatic conditions of the various zones within the territory of Ukraine, its agricultural acquirement and risk of the soils’ erosive degradation manifestations in the meaning of climate changes. To determine the factors infl uencing upon the spectral characteristics of the eroded soils for their identifi cation, deciphering, and also the cultivated lands and land tenure systems degradatio n monitoring according to satellite data. Methods. The logical model of water erosion determination and identifi cation according to the data of the Earth remote sensing (ERS) of high spatial resolution is developed on the basis of classifi cation in basic deciphering signs and the procedure of molding of the training samples forming. The materials of the Landsat 8, SPOT, ASTER and RapidEye space surveys, map materials and data of full-scale ground observations on the test objects were used for identifi cation of the processes of sheet and linear erosion. The soil erosion was determined according to two approaches. The fi rst one is based on the plowed soil and the second – on soil covered with plants. The soil erosion class was determined according to the spectral characteristics and humus content, while gully rate – by reference to gullies’ length and square. Results. The humus content in so il was proposed to be determined according to the spatial distribution of spectral characteristics within the limits of uniform regions and corresponding mathematical-statistical models. The opportunities of linear and sheet erosion classifi cation according to the ERS data, and also their use in the system of monitoring and evaluating the ecological state of agrolandscapes and land tenure systems are shown. C onclus ions. The space mo nitoring data of the soils erosive degradation and agrolandscapes in whole provide the opportunity of more effective use of soil resources due to the strategic determination of degradation processes with the subsequent planning and workout the measures for th e optimization of the erosive dangerous agrolandscapes structure, and also introduction of the ground water-guarding systems of soil management.
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Pickup, G., i VH Chewings. "Mapping and Forecasting Soil Erosion Patterns from Landsat on a Microcomputer-based Image Processing Facility." Rangeland Journal 8, nr 1 (1986): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9860057.
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The paper summarises recent work in the development and implementation of broad scale conceptual and mathematical models of the soil erosion process in flat arid lands. The conceptual model is based on erosion cell behaviour. Its mathematical counterpart is the simultaneous autoregressive random field model recently developed for image modelling.The data used in the mathematical model are derived by transforming standard Landsat MSS data to produce a soil stability index. Practical application of the methods requires the appropriate computer software and an image processing facility. The erosion modelling routines have therefore been implemented as part of a user- friendly microcomputer based image processing package which is now available commercially. The package runs on an IBM XT or AT computer using a Vectrix graphics board and the hardware includes high resolution display and hard copy facilities. Both hardware and software cost less than $30,000 making it ~ossible to decentralise image processing technology to branch offices of government departments or to agricultural consultants.
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HRISSANTHOU, V., i A. PSILOVIKOS. "Distributed modeling of soil erosion and sediment transport". Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 34, nr 2 (1.08.2018): 763. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.17354.
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A mathematical model is used for the estimation of the annual sediment yield resulting from rainfall and runoff at the outlet of Nestos River basin (Toxotes, Thrace, Greece), where the ecologically interesting Nestos delta exists. The model is applied to that part of Nestos River basin (838 km2) which lies downstream of three dams. Two dams (Thissavros and Platanovryssi) have been already constructed, while the third one (Temenos) is under construction. The model consists of three sub-models: a rainfall-runoff sub-model, a surface erosion sub-model and a sediment transport sub-model for streams. This model is also capable of computing the annual erosion amount and sediment yield in the individual sub-basins
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Svіtlуchnyi, Oleksandr, i Alla Piatkova. "Problems of spatially distributed quantitative evaluation of soil erosion losses". Visnyk of V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, series Geology. Geography. Ecology, nr 56 (1.06.2022): 184–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/2410-7360-2022-56-13.
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Formulation of the problem. Water erosion of soils is the most widespread and dangerous soil degradation process in Ukraine. The development of an effective system of soil protection measures requires the use of spatially distributed mathematical models of soil erosion losses. This, in turn, highlights the problem of spatially distributed source data, which adequately reflect the spatial differentiation of factors of the erosion process, among which the main one is the relief. The purpose of the article. Assessing the adequacy of available spatially distributed source data, including cartographic and freely distributed global digital elevation models (DEMs), for spatially distributed quantitative assessment of soil erosion losses at the local level of territorial coverage is the aim of the article. Assessing from this point of view the scale of the original cartographic data, different global DEMs and their spatial resolution, as well as the degree of spatial generalization of the original data. Materials and methods. The solution of the set tasks was performed by the method of simulation modeling with the use of physical-statistical GIS-realized mathematical model of soil erosion-accumulation, developed at Odessa I. I. Mechnikov National University. Source data arrays were tested with DEMs SRTM90 and SRTM30 with a spatial resolution of 3 and 1 angular seconds, respectively, and AW3D30 with a spatial resolution of 1 angular second, as well as with cartographic DEMs based on topographic maps of scale 1:10000 and 1:25000. For testing the initial data, three test plots with an area of 2.67, 0.59 and 0.21 km2 were selected. The plots are located in the Balta district of Odessa region on the southern spurs of the Podolska upland. Results. It is established that freely distributed global digital elevation models SRTM and AW3D30 in the conditions of flat terrain do not always allow to adequately display the structure of slope runoff and, accordingly, to correctly perform calculations of soil erosion losses. The maximum deviation of the average soil erosion losses calculated for the test plots using global DEMs from the soil losses calculated using the reference DEM for SRTM30 and AW3D30 was 27%, for SRTM90 – almost 70%. The distribution of soil losses over the area of test plots obtained using different global DEMs differs even more. When using DEM based on topographic maps, reducing the scale of the original maps from 1: 10000 to 1: 25000 leads to a decrease in the average value of soil erosion losses by about 20% due mainly to reducing the magnitude and area of distribution of maximum soil losses, and on slopes of complex shape also due to changes in the area of accumulation zones. The degree of spatial generalization of the initial data significantly affects the results of the assessment of soil erosion losses both in relation to the average values and their distribution over the area. For small areas, the use of raster cells larger than 50 m is impractical. Scientific novelty and practical significance. It has been shown for the first time that in the conditions of flat terrain at the local level of spatial coverage, the freely distributed global DEM SRTM and AW3D30 are not always hydrologically correct. The reasons and conditions of violation of this correctness are specified. It has been established that the global DEM AW3D30 has local instrumental errors that may make it impossible to use it. The most realistic values of soil erosion losses are provided by DEM SRTM with a spatial resolution of 1 angular second.
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Сабиров i Ayrat Sabirov. "ORGANIZATION OF FOREST SOILS MONITORING". Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 11, nr 3 (31.10.2016): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/22673.
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The impact of productive activity of human on the ecological balance of nature. Ecological functions of soils of forest biogeocenoses. Regional features of the ecosystems functioning, soil formation factors. Organization of the soil cover state monitoring. Environmental monitoring of forest soils. Objectives of soil monitoring of forest ecosystems. Collection of the available information on forest ecosystems. Choice of monitoring objects. Soil and environmental hospitals. Fixed trial areas. Long-term and seasonal observations of soil properties. Temporary trial areas. Soil monitoring on the route courses. The use of satellite imagery in the environmental assessment of erosive landscapes. Controlled soil indicators. Research methods of soil properties and composition of pollutants. Processing of experimental data using information technology. Mathematical models of the spread of pollutants, the interrelation between soil indicators (in the soil), between soil properties and indicators of the characteristic of forest, the evolution of forest soil. Small-scale and medium-scale regional maps of land erosion, soil contamination by chemicals. Large-scale maps of physical degradation of soils, the content of macronutrients and micronutrients, acidity, humus condition of soils. Maps are accompanied by an explanatory note (soil sketch). Maximum permissible amount of the chemicals (maximum allowable concentrations) polluting the soil. Maximum permissible loading on forest soils under anthropogenic impact. Rational use and protection of forest ecosystems.
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Beitlerová, Hana, Jonas Lenz, Jan Devátý, Martin Mistr, Jiří Kapička, Arno Buchholz, Ilona Gerndtová i Anne Routschek. "Improved calibration of the Green–Ampt infiltration module in the EROSION-2D/3D model using a rainfall-runoff experiment database". SOIL 7, nr 1 (18.06.2021): 241–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-241-2021.
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Abstract. Soil infiltration is one of the key factors that has an influence on soil erosion caused by rainfall. Therefore, a well-represented infiltration process is a necessary precondition for successful soil erosion modelling. Complex natural conditions do not allow the full mathematical description of the infiltration process, and additional calibration parameters are required. The Green–Ampt-based infiltration module in the EROSION-2D/3D model introduces a calibration parameter “skinfactor” to adjust saturated hydraulic conductivity. Previous studies provide skinfactor values for several combinations of soil and vegetation conditions. However, their accuracies are questionable, and estimating the skinfactors for other than the measured conditions yields significant uncertainties in the model results. This study brings together an extensive database of rainfall simulation experiments, the state-of-the-art model parametrisation method and linear mixed-effect models to statistically analyse relationships between soil and vegetation conditions and the model calibration parameter skinfactor. New empirically based transfer functions for skinfactor estimation significantly improving the accuracy of the infiltration module and thus the overall EROSION-2D/3D model performance are provided in this study. Soil moisture and bulk density were identified as the most significant predictors explaining 82 % of the skinfactor variability, followed by the soil texture, vegetation cover and impact of previous rainfall events. The median absolute percentage error of the skinfactor prediction was improved from 71 % using the currently available method to 30 %–34 % using the presented transfer functions, which led to significant decrease in error propagation into the model results compared to the present method. The strong logarithmic relationship observed between the calibration parameter and soil moisture however indicates high overestimation of infiltration for dry soils by the algorithms implemented in EROSION-2D/3D and puts the state-of-the-art parametrisation method in question. An alternative parameter optimisation method including calibration of two Green–Ampt parameters' saturated hydraulic conductivity and water potential at the wetting front was tested and compared with the state-of-the-art method, which paves a new direction for future EROSION-2D/3D model parametrisation.
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Cardei, Petru, Raluca Sfiru i Vergil Muraru. "Intensity of soil erosion in Romania, predictions in time and space, European and indigenous perspectives". E3S Web of Conferences 180 (2020): 03001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018003001.
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The subject of this article is the estimation of the water erosion given by different sources during the history of over one hundred years of observations. The differences between the estimates made at the near times, or at the appreciably different times, are viewed for the approximation, of the random behaviour of the factors involved in the water erosion process, but also for the changes (apparently in time) of the intensity of the factors involved. The so-called climatic changes, characterized mainly by apparently (at the scale of human life) nonperiodic changes of meteorological factors, produce effects including on the factors involved in water erosion, which are not in the category of meteorological parameters, such as soil erodibility, but also the geometric parameters of the slopes. By default, there are effects in vegetal cover and management parameters. From this point of view, the influencing factors of mathematical models for predicting water erosion should be recalculated or periodically reviewed.
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Chow, T. L., i H. W. Rees. "Effects of coarse-fragment content and size on soil erosion under simulated rainfall". Canadian Journal of Soil Science 75, nr 2 (1.05.1995): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss95-031.
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Farmers have long considered coarse fragments a hindrance in potato production. Rock picking or crushing has become a routine operation. Using simulated rainfall events and runoff-erosion plots (1 m × 1 m), the effects of coarse-fragment content (0, 7, 15 and 25% by volume) and size (1.0–1.9, 1.9–5.1 and 5.1–7.6-cm diam) on runoff, infiltration and soil loss were evaluated on an Orthic Dystric Brunisol. Study objectives were to quantify the influence of coarse fragments on soil erosion and to convert these relationships into mathematical equations for use with existing models to predict soil loss. Although there were only marginal increases in infiltration and reductions in runoff attributable to increasing content and size of coarse fragments, the rate of soil loss from the control was higher than that from all other treatments. In general, the rate of soil loss decreased with increasing content and size of coarse fragments. The effects of content and size of coarse fragments on soil-loss reduction, either individually or in combination, were expressed mathematically with correlation coefficients greater than 0.82. The study also revealed that for a given volumetric coarse-fragment content, the percentage surface cover increased with increasing coarse-fragment size. This finding has important practical implications because most reporting of coarse fragments is done on the basis of volume rather than percentage surface cover. Key words: Rock content, rock size, rainfall simulator, infiltration, soil loss
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Shekikhacheva, Ludmila Z. "Methodological bases for studying erosion processes in the conditions of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic". Izvestiya of Kabardino-Balkarian State Agrarian University named after V.M. Kokov 3(37) (2022): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.55196/2411-3492-2022-3-37-31-37.
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The assessment of the ecological state of the soil involves determining the correspondence between the processes in the studied soils and their natural counterparts, which makes it possible to identify the permissible value of a particular factor, incl. agrotechnical, established according to the criterion of compliance with the normal functioning of the natural ecosystem. It is shown that the study of erosion processes in areas with an area that in modern land use is similar to the areas of agricultural land of large farms requires taking into account the quantities (factors) that predetermine both the wash itself and its intensity. It has been established that the rate of increase in the humus profile during the formation of various soils is not the same. The characteristics of the erosion threat of soils are given in accordance with the level of their manifestation for the conditions of Kabardino-Balkaria. As a result of the studies, it was found that the determination of the effect of steepness on soil erosion from slopes in its pure form cannot be performed, since such a process is due to the individual characteristics of an additional set of factors that can only be obtained by studying the relief using different approaches. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the regional features of the experimental area, which will reduce the errors that arise when using existing mathematical models of water erosion, and at the same time correct them, adapting them to regional conditions.
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Bulygina, M. E., i S. Yu Bulygin. "Soil deflation in Ukraine". Mehanization and electrification of agricultural, nr 14(113) (2021): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.37204/0131-2189-2021-14-2.
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Annotation Purpose. To determine the parameters of the potential danger of soil deflation on the territory of Ukraine as a theoretical basis of investment policy for the formation of anti-deflation protection. Methods. General scientific (field, morphological-genetic, mathematical and physical modeling of processes of blowing (deflation) of soil milky soil and cartographic with rinsing of GIS-technologies. Results. Based on the physical modeling of wind erosion in the wind tunnel, the epic equation of potential deflation of the main soils of Ukraine is formed. The map of the maximum blowing of soil fine soil of 20 % of security is created. The unit of measurement was the area of the administrative district, the GIS technology of the software product “Relief Processor”, transferred to one of the authors Boris Vorobyov, was used. Regions with a catastrophic risk of deflation are in Polissya and the Southern Steppe. At the same time, 30 years ago, deflation was not heard of in Polissya. Conclusions 1. Without a radical change in the principles of land use and agricultural syste ms, the revival of landscapes and agricultural lands in regions with a high risk of soil deflation is impossible 2. Quantitative assessment of the potential danger of blowing small soils is a necessary condition for justifying anti-inflationary measures. 3. On the basis of the empirical model of deflation of NSC “IGA” zoning of arable lands of Ukraine on the danger of soil deflation is made. One of the main tasks of further research of deflation processes is to develop models that reflect the physics of soil blowing and have a sufficient mathematical basis. 4. The basis for the formation of anti-erosion strategy and appropriate investment policy is a quantitative assessment of the potential danger of deflation. The higher the danger, the more reliable the protection should be, first of all, these are measures of permanent action that require appropriate capital investment. In addition, there is a need to create a network of monitoring observations of deflationary processes and their factors. Keywords: deflation, danger of deflation, anti-deflation protection.
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Pereira, Marcelo Divino Ribeiro, i João Batista Pereira Cabral. "Perda de Solo no Alto Curso das Bacias Hidrográficas dos Ribeirões Taquaruçu Grande e Taquaruçuzinho, Palmas (TO)". Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 14, nr 1 (20.04.2021): 332. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v14.1.p332-339.
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A aplicação de modelos matemáticos na análise da perda de solo em bacias hidrográficas ganhou atenção, nos anos de 1960 e 1970, a partir da análise integrada da paisagem. Nesse contexto, a Equação Universal de Perda de Solo (EUPS) se destaca como um dos modelos mais utilizados mundialmente no conhecimento dos processos erosivos e no planejamento ambiental. Diante disso, este estudo tem por objetivo estimar as perdas de solos nas bacias hidrográficas dos córregos Macacão e Mutum, localizadas no município de Palmas (TO). Os resultados demonstram que as áreas estudadas sofreram com um alto poder de erosividade (R) ao longo dos anos 1995 a 2019, com valores entre 12,188 a 12,319 t/ha MJ-1 mm-1. Quanto ao solo, o Neossolo Litólico Distrófico (RLD) apresenta o maior valor de erodibilidade (K), 0,049 t/ha MJ-1 mm-1.No que tange ao fator topográfico (LS), cerca de 80% das áreas das bacias mostram valores de LS considerados baixos, situados entre 0,029 a 1,86, e 1,86 a 4,30. Já para o fator relacionado ao uso e manejo do solo e às práticas conservacionistas (CP), as áreas mais suscetíveis ao processo erosional diz respeito às classes de pastagem e queimadas. Desta forma, observa-se que as classes de erosão hídrica nas bacias são consideradas moderada, grave e muito grave pelo estudo da Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) de 1984, ainda que represente somente 19% da área da bacia do Macacão e 24% da bacia do Córrego Mutum. Loss of soil in the high course of hydrographic basins of ribeirões Taquaruçu Grande and Taquaruçuzinho, Palmas (TO) A B S T R A C TThe application of mathematical models in the analysis of soil loss in watersheds gained attention in the 1960s and 1970s from the integrated analysis of the landscape. In this context, the Universal Soil Loss Equation (EUPS) stood out as one of the most used models worldwide in the knowledge of erosion processes and in environmental planning. Therefore, this study aims to estimate soil losses in the hydrographic basins of the Macacão and Mutum streams, located in the municipality of Palmas (TO). The results demonstrate that the studied areas suffered from a high power of erosivity (R) over the years 1995 to 2019, with values between 12.188 to 12.319 t/ha MJ-1 mm-1. As for the soil, the Neosol Litolic Dystrophic (RLD) has the highest erodibility value (K), 0.049 t/ha MJ-1 mm-1. Regarding the topographic factor (LS), about 80% of the basin areas show LS values considered low, situated between 0.029 to 1.86, and 1.86 to 4.30. As for the factor related to the use and management of soil and conservation practices (CP), the areas most susceptible to the erosion process concern the grazing and burning classes. Thus, it is observed that the classes of water erosion in the basins are considered moderate, severe and very severe by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) study of 1984, although it represents only 19% of the area of the Macacão basin and 24% of the Mutum Stream basin.Keywords: Water erosion. Hydrographic basin. USLE.
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Kucher, Anatolii, Lesia Kucher, Inna Sysoieva i Borys Pohrishchuk. "Economics of soil erosion: case study of Ukraine". Agricultural and Resource Economics: International Scientific E-Journal 7, nr 4 (20.12.2021): 27–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.51599/are.2021.07.04.02.
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Purpose. The main objective of this paper is (і) to determinate the economic loss due to crop productivity loss caused by soil erosion in Ukraine, and (іі) to present the results of the econometric modeling of soil erosion impact on the efficiency crop production at the regional and district level.
Methodology / approach. This study uses the following methods: expert assessments and monographic (for the assessment of economic losses due to crop productivity loss from spreading soil erosion); graphical (for building three-dimensional graphs); econometric modeling (to develop a mathematical model of the dependence of the gross crop production and income from sales per 100 hectares from the share of eroded arable land in its total area and production costs in crop industry per 100 hectares); abstract-and-logical (for generalization of the research results). To solve the assigned tasks, linear and quadratic econometric models (production functions) were developed using a dataset (і) from 168 observations (on the example of Ukrainian regions for 2010–2016) and (ii) from 189 observations (on the example of districts of Kharkiv region for 2010–2016). This study was conducted in order to test the hypothesis that the increase in the area of eroded arable land has a negative effect on the gross output of crop production.
Results. Our expert assessment of economic losses due to crop productivity loss from spread of soil erosion on agricultural land in Ukraine is 224 mln USD. The obtained results confirm the hypothesis about the negative relationship between gross crop output and the level of land erosion. The obtained data confirm that an increase in the area of eroded arable land by 1 % leads to a decrease in the gross output of crop production by 0.20 % per 100 hectares of agricultural land in total, and in the third group of the studied subjects (the share of eroded arable land in their total area is more than 50 %) – by 0.61 %, respectively.
Originality / scientific novelty. For the first time, linear and nonlinear (quadratic) econometric models were developed, which made it possible to carry out quantitative assessment of the impact of the soil erosion and the financial support (production costs in crop industry) per hectare on the formation of the financial results (gross crop output and income) of business entities in Ukrainian agriculture. The provision on the economics of soil erosion was further developed in terms of expert assessment of losses from this type of degradation and confirmation of the effect of the economic law of diminishing returns, which should be taken into account when developing measures for sustainable land management.
Practical value / implications. The main results of the study can be used for the development, substantiation and implementation of soil protection measures for the sustainable use of agricultural land and/or to informed decision-making at different levels of management concerning restoration of eroded land.
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Akimov, A. P., i Yu V. Konstantinov. "The method for calculating the traction resistance of a flat disk". Traktory i sel hozmashiny 85, nr 1 (15.02.2018): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-66379.
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Scuffler with flat discs are widely used in areas, which are subject to wind erosion of soils, to cover moisture on the stubble fields. Flat discs do not wrap the layers they remove, but only loosen them, shifting them aside. It is preferable to use such scrapers during presowing tillage and on steam, since in this case there is less sputtering of the soil, and its lower (moist) layers are not carried to the surface. Therefore, many industrially manufactured scufflers are equipped with flat discs, and the task of constructing a mathematical model for the interaction of such discs with soil is topical. Many mathematical models of the disc-soil interaction, taking into account the distribution of soil reaction forces on the disk, have been proposed, but all these models were constructed assuming that the disk is moving in its plane. Therefore, they are not applicable to the disk of a lakeshield moving with a non-zero angle of attack in the soil. The purpose of this work is to construct a mathematical model that allows calculating the traction resistance of a disk moving with a given angle of attack. The basic assumptions made in the construction of this model: the speed of the translational movement of the disk and its depth are constant; friction in the disk bearing can be neglected; the soil pressure on the lateral surface of the disc and the force of the soil reactions per unit length of its blade can be replaced by their mean values. An explicit expression is obtained for the traction resistance of a disk of a scuffler moving with an angle of attack, depending on its relative depth, the angle of attack, and the empirical coefficients. The adequacy of the constructed mathematical model is confirmed by comparison with known experimental data. It makes it possible to significantly reduce the number of full-scale experiments on the study of the interaction of flat discs of a scuffler with the soil, replacing them with computational ones, and reasonably carry out power and strength calculations of such discs. In addition, it can be used to optimize the parameters of the flat discs of the scuffler.
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Uzeika, Talita, Gustavo H. Merten, Jean P. G. Minella i Michele Moro. "Use of the swat model for hydro-sedimentologic simulation in a small rural watershed". Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 36, nr 2 (kwiecień 2012): 557–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832012000200025.
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Mathematical models have great potential to support land use planning, with the goal of improving water and land quality. Before using a model, however, the model must demonstrate that it can correctly simulate the hydrological and erosive processes of a given site. The SWAT model (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) was developed in the United States to evaluate the effects of conservation agriculture on hydrological processes and water quality at the watershed scale. This model was initially proposed for use without calibration, which would eliminate the need for measured hydro-sedimentologic data. In this study, the SWAT model was evaluated in a small rural watershed (1.19 km²) located on the basalt slopes of the state of Rio Grande do Sul in southern Brazil, where farmers have been using cover crops associated with minimum tillage to control soil erosion. Values simulated by the model were compared with measured hydro-sedimentological data. Results for surface and total runoff on a daily basis were considered unsatisfactory (Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient - NSE < 0.5). However simulation results on monthly and annual scales were significantly better. With regard to the erosion process, the simulated sediment yields for all years of the study were unsatisfactory in comparison with the observed values on a daily and monthly basis (NSE values < -6), and overestimated the annual sediment yield by more than 100 %.
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Batista, Lucas dos Santos, Raimundo Rodrigues Gomes Filho, Clayton Moura de Carvalho, Alceu Pedrotti, Igor Leonardo Nascimento Santos, Gregorio Guirado Faccioli, Sara Julliane Ribeiro Assunção i Douglas Romeu da Costa. "Water infiltration rate in the soil under different uses and covers in the Poxim River basin, Sergipe, Brazil". International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 8, nr 11 (1.11.2020): 321–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol8.iss11.2756.
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Watersheds are units of planning and environmental management having a great importance in the management of water resources and their use. To this end, knowledge about the soil's physical and water attributes is of paramount importance in the context of water dynamics in aquifer recharge areas. Water infiltration rate into the soil is considered an important variable in the hydrological cycle, as the increase in this process can lead to a reduction in erosion and consequently greater groundwater recharge. Thus, the present work aimed to evaluate the soil water infiltration rate in the phytophysiognomy of the Poxim River basin in the State of Sergipe, in the agriculture, eucalyptus and forest areas, and to observe the effect of the infiltration water rate in areas of no-till, minimum and conventional cultivation. The soil water infiltration rate was obtained through the use of double cylinder infiltrometer and estimated through the mathematical models of Kostiakov, Kostiakov-Lewis, Horton and Philip. When making comparisons between the models for estimating of soil water infiltration rates, the Horton model showed a better fit compared to the other models used, and the type of soil cover that obtained the highest infiltration rate was the forest. No-till areas provided higher water infiltration rates in the soil, contributing to greater groundwater recharge.
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Maiolo, Mario, Riccardo Alvise Mel i Salvatore Sinopoli. "A Simplified Method for an Evaluation of the Effect of Submerged Breakwaters on Wave Damping: The Case Study of Calabaia Beach". Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, nr 7 (12.07.2020): 510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8070510.
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Erosion processes threaten the economy, the environment and the ecosystem of coastal areas. In addition, human action can significantly affect the characteristics of the soil and the landscape of the shoreline. In this context, pursuing environmental sustainability is of paramount importance in solving environmental degradation of coastal areas worldwide, with particular reference to the design of complex engineering structures. Among all the measures conceived to protect the shoreline, environmentally friendly interventions should be supported by the stakeholders and tested by means of mathematical models, in order to evaluate their effectiveness in coastal protection through the evaluation of wave damping and bedload. This study focuses on protected nourishments, as strategic interventions aimed to counteract coastal erosion without affecting the environment. Here, we develop a simplified method to provide a preliminary assessment of the efficiency of submerged breakwaters in reducing wave energy at a relatively low computational cost, if compared to the standard 2D or full 3D mathematical models. The methodology is applied at Calabaia Beach, located in the southern Tyrrhenian Sea (Italy), in the area of the Marine Experimental Station of Capo Tirone. The results show that the simplified method is proven to be an essential tool in assisting researchers and institutions to address the effects of submerged breakwaters on nourishment protection.
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Németová, Zuzana, i Silvia Kohnová. "Mathematical modeling of soil erosion processes using a physically-based and empirical models: Case study of Slovakia and central Poland". Acta Hydrologica Slovaca 22, nr 1 (29.06.2021): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31577/ahs-2021-0022.01.0018.
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Silva, Reginald B., Piero Iori, Cecilia Armesto i Hugo N. Bendini. "Assessing Rainfall Erosivity with Artificial Neural Networks for the Ribeira Valley, Brazil". International Journal of Agronomy 2010 (2010): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/365249.
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Soil loss is one of the main causes of pauperization and alteration of agricultural soil properties. Various empirical models (e.g., USLE) are used to predict soil losses from climate variables which in general have to be derived from spatial interpolation of point measurements. Alternatively, Artificial Neural Networks may be used as a powerful option to obtain site-specific climate data from independent factors. This study aimed to develop an artificial neural network to estimate rainfall erosivity in the Ribeira Valley and Coastal region of the State of São Paulo. In the development of the Artificial Neural Networks the input variables were latitude, longitude, and annual rainfall and a mathematical equation of the activation function for use in the study area as the output variable. It was found among other things that the Artificial Neural Networks can be used in the interpolation of rainfall erosivity values for the Ribeira Valley and Coastal region of the State of São Paulo to a satisfactory degree of precision in the estimation of erosion. The equation performance has been demonstrated by comparison with the mathematical equation of the activation function adjusted to the specific conditions of the study area.
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Grau, J. B., J. M. Antón, A. M. Tarquis, F. Colombo, L. de los Ríos i J. M. Cisneros. "An application of mathematical models to select the optimal alternative for an integral plan to desertification and erosion control (Chaco Area – Salta Province – Argentina)". Biogeosciences 7, nr 11 (5.11.2010): 3421–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-3421-2010.
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Abstract. Multi-criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) is concerned with identifying the values, uncertainties and other issues relevant in a given decision, its rationality, and the resulting optimal decision. These decisions are difficult because the complexity of the system or because of determining the optimal situation or behaviour. This work will illustrate how MCDA is applied in practice to a complex problem to resolve such us soil erosion and degradation. Desertification is a global problem and recently it has been studied in several forums as ONU that literally says: "Desertification has a very high incidence in the environmental and food security, socioeconomic stability and world sustained development". Desertification is the soil quality loss and one of FAO's most important preoccupations as hunger in the world is increasing. Multiple factors are involved of diverse nature related to: natural phenomena (water and wind erosion), human activities linked to soil and water management, and others not related to the former. In the whole world this problem exists, but its effects and solutions are different. It is necessary to take into account economical, environmental, cultural and sociological criteria. A multi-criteria model to select among different alternatives to prepare an integral plan to ameliorate or/and solve this problem in each area has been elaborated taking in account eight criteria and five alternatives. Six sub zones have been established following previous studies and in each one the initial matrix and weights have been defined to apply on different criteria. Three multicriteria decision methods have been used for the different sub zones: ELECTRE, PROMETHEE and AHP. The results show a high level of consistency among the three different multicriteria methods despite the complexity of the system studied. The methods are fully described for La Estrella sub zone, indicating election of weights, Initial Matrixes, algorithms used for PROMETHEE, and the Graph of Expert Choice showing the AHP results. A brief schema of the actions recommended for each of the six different sub zones is discussed.
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Dinh, Tuan Vu, Hieu Nguyen, Xuan-Linh Tran i Nhat-Duc Hoang. "Predicting Rainfall-Induced Soil Erosion Based on a Hybridization of Adaptive Differential Evolution and Support Vector Machine Classification". Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (20.02.2021): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6647829.
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Soil erosion induced by rainfall is a critical problem in many regions in the world, particularly in tropical areas where the annual rainfall amount often exceeds 2000 mm. Predicting soil erosion is a challenging task, subjecting to variation of soil characteristics, slope, vegetation cover, land management, and weather condition. Conventional models based on the mechanism of soil erosion processes generally provide good results but are time-consuming due to calibration and validation. The goal of this study is to develop a machine learning model based on support vector machine (SVM) for soil erosion prediction. The SVM serves as the main prediction machinery establishing a nonlinear function that maps considered influencing factors to accurate predictions. In addition, in order to improve the accuracy of the model, the history-based adaptive differential evolution with linear population size reduction and population-wide inertia term (L-SHADE-PWI) is employed to find an optimal set of parameters for SVM. Thus, the proposed method, named L-SHADE-PWI-SVM, is an integration of machine learning and metaheuristic optimization. For the purpose of training and testing the method, a dataset consisting of 236 samples of soil erosion in Northwest Vietnam is collected with 10 influencing factors. The training set includes 90% of the original dataset; the rest of the dataset is reserved for assessing the generalization capability of the model. The experimental results indicate that the newly developed L-SHADE-PWI-SVM method is a competitive soil erosion predictor with superior performance statistics. Most importantly, L-SHADE-PWI-SVM can achieve a high classification accuracy rate of 92%, which is much better than that of backpropagation artificial neural network (87%) and radial basis function artificial neural network (78%).
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Rosso, R., M. C. Rulli i D. Bocchiola. "Transient catchment hydrology after wildfires in a Mediterranean basin: runoff, sediment and woody debris". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 11, nr 1 (17.01.2007): 125–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-11-125-2007.
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Abstract. The transient effect of forest fires on runoff, erosion and yield of woody biomass has been investigated by combining the experimental approach with mathematical models of hydrological processes. The case study is the Branega creek in Liguria, Italy, where a forest fire in August 2003 caused substantial changes to soil and vegetation, and left a considerable amount of woody debris on the ground. Immediately after the fire, rainfall simulator experiments in adjacent burned and unburned plots showed the extent to which fire had increased runoff and erosion rates. A distributed hydrological model using the tube-flux approach, calibrated on experimental measurements, has been used to investigate hill slope and channel erosion in a small sub-catchment, 1.5 ha in area, nested in the Branega basin. Simulation runs show that the model accommodates the observed variability of runoff and erosion under disturbed and undisturbed conditions. A model component describing the delivery of wood from hill slopes to the channel in post-fire conditions, validated against local survey data, showed that the removal and transport of woody biomass can be reproduced using an integrated hydrological approach. Hence, transient complexity after wildfires can be addressed by such an approach with empirically determined physically-based parameters.
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Remke, Alexander André, Jesus Rodrigo-Comino, Stefan Wirtz i Johannes B. Ries. "Finding Possible Weakness in the Runoff Simulation Experiments to Assess Rill Erosion Changes without Non-Intermittent Surveying Capabilities". Sensors 20, nr 21 (2.11.2020): 6254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20216254.
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The Terrestrial Photogrammetry Scanner (TEPHOS) offers the possibility to precisely monitor linear erosion features using the Structure from Motion (SfM) technique. This is a static, multi-camera array and dynamically moves the digital videoframe camera designed to obtain 3-D models of rills before and after the runoff experiments. The main goals were to (1) obtain better insight into the rills; (2) reduce the technical gaps generated during the runoff experiments using only one camera; (3) enable the visual location of eroded, transported and accumulated material. In this study, we obtained a mean error for all pictures reaching up to 0.00433 pixels and every single one of them was under 0.15 pixel. So, we obtained an error of about 1/10th of the maximum possible resolution. A conservative value for the overall accuracy was one pixel, which means that, in our case, the accuracy was 0.0625 mm. The point density, in our example, reached 29,484,888 pts/m2. It became possible to get a glimpse of the hotspots of sidewall failure and rill-bed incision. We conclude that the combination of both approaches—rill experiment and 3D models—will make easy under laboratory conditions to describe the soil erosion processes accurately in a mathematical–physical way.
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Veremenyuk, V. V., V. V. Ivashechkin i O. V. Nemeravets. "Simulation of Unsteady Movement in the Downstream of a Hydroelectric Complex During the Destruction of a Soil Dam". ENERGETIKA. Proceedings of CIS higher education institutions and power engineering associations 64, nr 6 (7.12.2021): 554–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1029-7448-2021-64-6-554-567.
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153 reservoirs have been created in the Republic of Belarus. During the period of passing catastrophic floods and high waters along the river, there is a risk of overflowing reservoirs, overflow of water masses through the crest of an earthen dam and flooding of significantly large areas. The destruction of the dam is accompanied by the formation of a breach and the outflow through it of an unsteady flow of water in the form of a breakthrough wave into the downstream. A breakthrough wave and catastrophic flooding of the area are the main destructive factors of hydrodynamic accidents. Calculations to determine parameters of the wave and to assess the possible consequences of flooding are necessary when drawing up operational-and-tactical plans for the prevention and elimination of emergencies in case of accidents at retaining structures, determining the probable damage from flooding of the territory in the downstream of a hydraulic structure as a result of the passage of a breakthrough wave. It is necessary to assess the flooding zone and the hydrodynamic parameters of the flow, viz. the maximum values of the depth and velocity of the flow in the zone of catastrophic flooding, the time from the beginning of the accident to the arrival of a breakthrough wave at the particular point of the terrain, the duration of flooding, the boundaries of the zone of catastrophic flooding, the hydrographic flow rate in the section of the eroded dam and the graph of the fall headwater level. The degree of reliability of predictive calculations is determined by the accuracy of the two applied mathematical models, viz.: 1) erosion of the dam; 2) the movement of the breakout wave. The analysis of the applied mathematical models shows that in all cases the hydrodynamic models based on the oneand two-dimensional equations of Boussinesq – Saint-Venant are used to calculate the movement of the breakthrough wave. Wave parameters, i. e. wave height and speed of its propagation, completely depend on the hydrograph of the discharge in the section of the eroded dam, which, in its turn, is determined by the dynamics of its erosion. The aim of the work is to develop a methodology for calculating the flooding of the downstream as a result of the destruction of a soil dam.
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Kimball, Colin E. "Evaluating Groundwater Pollution Susceptibility of Dust Suppressants and Roadbed Stabilizers: Case Study of a Petroleum-Based Product". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1589, nr 1 (styczeń 1997): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1589-11.
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Current environmental regulations have prompted regulatory officials, users, and manufacturers of roadbed stabilizers and dust suppressants to evaluate the environmental impact of these products to ensure that human health and the environment are not compromised through their use. Because roadbed stabilizers and dust suppressants are inherently designed to prevent dust emissions and erosion, this study focuses on evaluating the groundwater pollution susceptibility of roadbed stabilizers and dust suppressants. Current techniques used in evaluating hazardous waste sites to estimate the fate and transport of constituents in the subsurface are useful for evaluating roadbed stabilizers and dust suppressants. Chemical properties of roadbed stabilizers and dust suppressants along with generic soil property parameters can be incorporated into screening-level mathematical models to estimate constituent target-level concentrations in groundwater. These techniques were applied to a petroleum-based soil stabilizer and dust suppressant known as Pennz-Suppress D (petroleum-based product). The content of Environmental Protection Agency priority pollutants was determined by laboratory analysis. Further testing with leachate extraction methods provided additional data on leachability of the petroleum-based products under assumed worst-case conditions. Mathematical modeling was used to qualify the results. Groundwater pollution susceptibility results indicate a low risk for the product to adversely affect groundwater.
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Drebot, O., D. Dobriak, P. Melnyk i L. Sakharnatska. "The US experience in assessment of soils by productivity". Balanced nature using, nr 3 (4.07.2022): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.33730/2310-4678.3.2022.266554.
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The article has highlighted the experience of the United States in crediting land based on productivity. In Ukraine soil classification was carried out in the section of soil groups according to their main natural properties, which have a stable nature and significantly affect the yield of agricultural crops grown in specific soil and climatic conditions. Complete work on soil grading on agricultural lands in Ukraine was carried out in 1993 within the boundaries of natural-agricultural districts and regions. Integral natural properties of soils reflect the credit score. These properties are divided into basic and modified. The main ones include the following: humus content, capacity of the humus horizon, the content of physical clay (particles up to 0.01 mm). The modified are mainly salinity, erosion, etc. Credit assessment of soil quality is presented in relative values — points on a closed 100-point scale. In contrast to Ukraine, in the United States land credit rating is carried out according to their productivity. Quantitative characterization of land productivity was carried out using two methodological approaches: inductive and deductive. The inductive assessment of productivity is given solely based on the estimated impact of different lands and soil properties on the potential yield. Deductive assessment, on the contrary, is based only on yield data on different soils. Most land valuations combine both approaches. It should be noted that thanks to the improvement of modern computer technology, it became possible to collect and process a large amount of information about land resources, which makes it possible to create mathematical simulation models, search programs, and computerized data banks. This is greatly facilitated by the development of remote sensing, new measuring devices, and map printing systems. This experience will contribute to the improvement of land resource assessment methods in Ukraine as well, despite the serious challenges that exist in the country.
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Mendes, T. A., S. F. Sousa Júnior i S. A. S. Pereira. "Implementation of the Green-Ampt Infiltration Model: Comparative between different numerical solutions". Trends in Computational and Applied Mathematics 22, nr 4 (26.10.2021): 645–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5540/tcam.2021.022.04.00645.
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The phenomena of infiltration and the percolation of water in the soil are of fundamental importance for the evaluation of runoff, groundwater recharge, evapotranspiration, soil erosion and transport of chemical substances in surface and groundwater. Within this context, the quantitative determination of the infiltration values is extremely important for the different areas of knowledge, in order to evaluate, mainly the surface runoff. Several types of changes in vegetation cover and topography result in significant changes in the infiltration process, making it necessary to use mathematical models to assess the consequences of these changes. Thus, this article aims to implement the Green-Ampt model using two numerical methods - Newton-Raphson method and W-Lambert function - to determine soil permeability parameters - K and matric potential multiplied by the difference between initial and of saturation - comparing them to the real data obtained in simulations using an automatic rainfall simulator from the Federal University of Goiás - UFG. The Green-Ampt model adjusted well to the data measured from the rain simulator, with a determination coefficient of 0.978 for the Newton-Raphson method and 0.984 for the W-Lambert function.
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Smagin, Andrey V., Viktor I. Budnikov, Nadezhda B. Sadovnikova, Anatoly V. Kirichenko, Elena A. Belyaeva i Victoria N. Krivtsova. "Gel-Forming Soil Conditioners of Combined Action: Laboratory Tests for Functionality and Stability". Polymers 14, nr 21 (1.11.2022): 4665. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14214665.
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The research analyzes technological properties and stability of innovative gel-forming polymeric materials for complex soil conditioning. These materials combine improvements in the water retention, dispersity, hydraulic properties, anti-erosion and anti-pathogenic protection of the soil along with a high resistance to negative environmental factors (osmotic stress, compression in the pores, microbial biodegradation). Laboratory analysis was based on an original system of instrumental methods, new mathematical models, and the criteria and gradations of the quality of gels and their compositions with mineral soil substrates. The new materials have a technologically optimal degree of swelling (200–600 kg/kg in pure water and saline solutions with 1–3 g/L TDS), high values of surface energy (>130 kJ/kg), specific surface area (>600 m2/g), threshold of gel collapse (>80 mmol/L), half-life (>5 years), and a powerful fungicidal effect (EC50 biocides doses of 10–60 ppm). Due to these properties, the new gel-forming materials, in small doses of 0.1–0.3% increased the water retention and dispersity of sandy substrates to the level of loams, reduced the saturated hydraulic conductivity 20–140 times, suppressed the evaporation 2–4 times, and formed a windproof soil crust (strength up to 100 kPa). These new methodological developments and recommendations are useful for the complex laboratory testing of hydrogels in small (5–10 g) soil samples.
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Al-Janabi, Ahmed Mohammed Sami, Abdul Halim Ghazali, Yousry Mahmoud Ghazaw, Haitham Abdulmohsin Afan, Nadhir Al-Ansari i Zaher Mundher Yaseen. "Experimental and Numerical Analysis for Earth-Fill Dam Seepage". Sustainability 12, nr 6 (22.03.2020): 2490. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12062490.
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Earth-fill dams are the most common types of dam and the most economical choice. However, they are more vulnerable to internal erosion and piping due to seepage problems that are the main causes of dam failure. In this study, the seepage through earth-fill dams was investigated using physical, mathematical, and numerical models. Results from the three methods revealed that both mathematical calculations using L. Casagrande solutions and the SEEP/W numerical model have a plotted seepage line compatible with the observed seepage line in the physical model. However, when the seepage flow intersected the downstream slope and when piping took place, the use of SEEP/W to calculate the flow rate became useless as it was unable to calculate the volume of water flow in pipes. This was revealed by the big difference in results between physical and numerical models in the first physical model, while the results were compatible in the second physical model when the seepage line stayed within the body of the dam and low compacted soil was adopted. Seepage analysis for seven different configurations of an earth-fill dam was conducted using the SEEP/W model at normal and maximum water levels to find the most appropriate configuration among them. The seven dam configurations consisted of four homogenous dams and three zoned dams. Seepage analysis revealed that if sufficient quantity of silty sand soil is available around the proposed dam location, a homogenous earth-fill dam with a medium drain length of 0.5 m thickness is the best design configuration. Otherwise, a zoned earth-fill dam with a central core and 1:0.5 Horizontal to Vertical ratio (H:V) is preferred.
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Mangiameli, Michele, Giuseppe Mussumeci i Annalisa Cappello. "Forest Fire Spreading Using Free and Open-Source GIS Technologies". Geomatics 1, nr 1 (25.01.2021): 50–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geomatics1010005.
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Forest fires are one of the most dangerous events, causing serious land and environmental degradation. Indeed, besides the loss of a huge quantity of plant species, the effects of fires can go far beyond: desertification, increased risk of landslides, soil erosion, death of animals, etc. For these reasons, mathematical models able to predict fire spreading are needed in order to organize and optimize the extinguishing interventions during fire emergencies. This work presents a new system to simulate and predict the movement of the fire front based on free and open source Geographic Information System (GIS) technologies and the Rothermel surface fire spread model, with the adjustments made by Albini. We describe the mathematical models used, provide an overview of the GIS design and implementation, and present the results of some simulations at Etna volcano (Sicily, Italy), characterized by high geomorphological heterogeneity, and where the native flora and fauna may be preserved and perpetuated. The results consist of raster maps representing the progress times of the fire front starting from an ignition point and as a function of the topography and wind directions. The reliability of results is strictly affected by the correct positioning of the fire ignition point, by the accuracy of the topography that describes the morphology of the territory, and by the setting of the meteorological conditions at the moment of the ignition and propagation of the fire.
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Santos, Stanley Vaz dos, Eva De Melo Ferreira, Nori Paulo Griebeler i Wilson Mozena Leandro. "PERDAS DE SOLO E DE ÁGUA EM DIFERENTES SISTEMAS DE MANEJO EM LATOSSOLO VERMELHO". Nativa 7, nr 1 (1.02.2019): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31413/nativa.v7i1.6129.
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O objetivo foi comparar as perdas de água e solo em diferentes sistemas de manejo, bem como determinar parâmetros de clima e de solo que possam estar associados a essas perdas e estimar perdas de solo por meio de modelos matemáticos. A área experimental consiste em 10 parcelas de 20 m2 (10 × 2 m), das quais nove foram trabalhadas inicialmente no sistema de plantio direto (SPD) e uma utilizada no sistema convencional (CO). Nestes moldes foram quantificadas as perdas de solo e água em diferentes safras. No final do segundo ano, das parcelas com SPD, cinco foram mantidas neste sistema, duas foram revolvidas na profundidade de 25 cm e reiniciadas no SPD e, em duas foi utilizado o sistema CO. Antes da utilização como sistema convencional, a parcela CO possuía plantio direto. Nas três safras estudadas o percentual infiltrado foi superior a 93% para o SPD e a 71% para o CO, considerando apenas as chuvas que propiciaram escoamento. As médias das perdas de solo na segunda safra foram de 2,27; 2,51; 14.61; e 14,79 t ha-1 e, de água, de 3,07; 5,51; 14,04; e 10,80 %, respectivamente para os sistemas de manejo SPD, CO e PDI.Palavras-chave: erosão hídrica, modelos de predição, erosividade. SOIL AND WATER LOSSES IN DIFFERENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS IN LATOSSOLOVERMELHO ABSTRACT: The objective was to compare soil and water losses in different management systems, as well as determine soil and climate parameters that could be associated with these losses and estimate soil losses through mathematical models. The experimental area consists of 10 plots of 20 m2 (10 × 2 m), of which nine were initially worked in the no-tillage system (SPD) and one in the conventional system (CO). Soils and water losses in different crops were quantified in these models. At the end of the second year, of the plots with SPD, five were kept in this system, two were revolved at 25 cm depth and restarted in the SPD and in two the CO system was used. Prior to use as a conventional system, the CO plot had no-tillage. In the three harvests studied, the percentage infiltrated was greater than 93% for the SPD and 71% for the CO, considering only the rains that caused the runoff. The average soil loss in the second harvest was 2.27; 2.51; 14.61; and 14.79 t ha-1 and, by water, 3.07; 5.51; 14.04; and 10.80%, respectively for the SPD, CO and PDI management systems.Keywords: hydric erosion, models of prediction, erosivity.
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Yang, Yang, Wei Wang, Jiajun Qiao i Ershen Zhang. "An Improved Gray Neural Network Method to Optimize Spatial and Temporal Characteristics Analysis of Land-Use Change". Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (11.08.2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2699031.
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In this article, the principles of the gray model and BP neural network model are analyzed, and the characteristics of land-use change and spatial and temporal distribution are studied in-depth, and at the same time, to explore the influence of land-use change on ESV, the relationship between the two is analyzed using gray correlation degree, and a mathematical model is constructed to maximize the benefits of the regional system, coupling economic and ecological benefits, combined with Geo SOS-FLUS model to achieve the optimization of land use. This article constructs a combined prediction model of a gray neural network. The gray differential equation parameters correspond to the weights and thresholds of the neural network, and the optimized parameters are determined by training the neural network to make it stable. Then the training results of the BP neural network are fitted with the results obtained from the gray GM (1.1) model. Finally, the prediction results of the three models, gray GM (1.1), BP God Meridian, and gray neural network model, are compared and analyzed. The global spatial autocorrelation and local spatial aggregation patterns of regional soil erosion and its erosion factors are analyzed using the Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA) method in spatial measurement theory.
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Santos, Thais E. M. dos, Edivan R. de Souza i Abelardo A. A. Montenegro. "Modeling of soil water infiltration with rainfall simulator in different agricultural systems". Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 20, nr 6 (czerwiec 2016): 513–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v20n6p513-518.
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ABSTRACT This study aimed to compare models for predicting soil water infiltration rate and erosive rates using a rainfall simulator in different systems of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivation. The evaluated mathematical models were: Kostiakov, Kostiakov-Lewis, Green-Ampt and Horton. Infiltration tests were carried out considering six treatments: bean cultivated on contour with rock barriers spaced at 0.5 m between crop rows (BC1); bean cultivated on contour with rock barriers spaced at 1.0 m between crop rows (BC2); bean cultivated downslope (BDS); bean cultivated on contour with mulch (BCM); bare soil (BS) and soil under natural cover (NC). Four replicates were considered, totaling 24 field tests. Kostiakov-Lewis's equation showed the lowest values of standard error. Soil water infiltration rate was equal to 53.3 mm h-1 in the natural vegetation treatment and to 9.49 mm h-1 in the downslope treatment. Surface roughness and the time of beginning of surface runoff were significantly higher for the conditions with mulch cover.
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Rulev, Alexander, i Gleb Rulev. "Ecological and Economic Aspects of Land Desertification". Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ekonomika, nr 3 (grudzień 2019): 158–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/ek.jvolsu.2019.3.14.
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Agricultural lands of the Russian Federation are intensively subjected to degradation and desertification as a result of irrational economic activity, which, against the background of unfavorable climatic factors, led to the destruction of natural ecosystems, degradation of the soil cover and ultimately to the creation of the unfavorable ecological environment. About 65 % of 130 million hectares of arable land, are exposed to water and wind erosion. Only by water erosion, 10 % of arable land lost 30–60 % of fertility and almost 25 % lost 10–30 %. As a result of deflation 25million hectares of agricultural land in the European part of the Russian Federation are degraded to varying degrees. The concept of the anti-degradation arrangement proposes to use environmental-economic geoinformational monitoring. Within the framework of this approach, the development of cartographic and mathematical models in three time environments is proposed: pre-agricultural, modern degraded, and certainly improved condition. The ecological and economic analysis makes it possible to synthesize information flows and analyze the most important degradation processes. The most important tool for implementing ther adaptive-landscape anti-degradation arrangement of agricultural landscapes is precision farming, which consists of several subsystems: decision-making, monitoring, agronomic techniques, specialized equipment, etc. Computer technologies and telecommunications allow to speed up and optimize production by combining technology and people, which helps reduce costs. Precision agriculture is impossible without using modern advances in collecting, processing and storage of various, often heterogeneous, agricultural information.
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Hooshyar, Milad, Shashank Anand i Amilcare Porporato. "Variational analysis of landscape elevation and drainage networks". Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 476, nr 2239 (lipiec 2020): 20190775. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2019.0775.
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Landscapes evolve towards surfaces with complex networks of channels and ridges in response to climatic and tectonic forcing. Here, we analyse variational principles giving rise to minimalist models of landscape evolution as a system of partial differential equations that capture the essential dynamics of sediment and water balances. Our results show that in the absence of diffusive soil transport the steady-state surface extremizes the average domain elevation. Depending on the exponent m of the specific drainage area in the erosion term, the critical surfaces are either minima (0 < m < 1) or maxima ( m > 1), with m = 1 corresponding to a saddle point. We establish a connection between landscape evolution models and optimal channel networks and elucidate the role of diffusion in the governing variational principles.
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Rowan, Thomas, i Mohammed Seaid. "Efficient computational models for shallow water flows over multilayer erodible beds". Engineering Computations 37, nr 2 (23.08.2019): 401–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ec-10-2018-0470.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a new numerical model for shallow water flows over heterogeneous sedimentary layers. It is already several years since the single-layered models have been used to model shallow water flows over erodible beds. Although such models present a real opportunity for shallow water flows over movable beds, this paper is the first to propose a multilayered solver for this class of flow problems. Design/methodology/approach Multilayered beds formed with different erodible soils are considered in this study. The governing equations consist of the well-established shallow water equations for the flow, a transport equation for the suspended sediments, an Exner-type equation for the bed load and a set of empirical equations for erosion and deposition terms. For the numerical solution of the coupled system, the authors consider a non-homogeneous Riemann solver equipped with interface-tracking tools to resolve discontinuous soil properties in the multilayered bed. The solver consists of a predictor stage for the discretization of gradient terms and a corrector stage for the treatment of source terms. Findings This paper reveals that modeling shallow water flows over multilayered sedimentary topography can be achieved by using a coupled system of partial differential equations governing sediment transport. The obtained results demonstrate that the proposed numerical model preserves the conservation property, and it provides accurate results, avoiding numerical oscillations and numerical dissipation in the approximated solutions. Originality/value A novel implementation of sediment handling is presented where both averaged and separate values for sediment species are used to ensure speed and precision in the simulations.
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Gureev, Ivan. "IMPROVEMENT OF WORKING UNITS FOR STRIP-TILL TECHNOLOGY". Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 15, nr 3 (30.11.2020): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2020-77-83.
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When cultivating agricultural crops in the system of soil-protective ecologically safe farming, the Strip-Till technology is effective, which allows you to cultivate the soil in strips in the zone of rows and thereby limit the area of the field subject to loosening. The required indicators for loosening the strips in one pass are achieved by the milling tools. Their disadvantage is increased energy consumption. The purpose of the research is to improve the working units of soil-cultivating cutters for strip tillage in the direction of reducing energy consumption. An innovative milling cutter with different-sized knives has been created, which allows, while maintaining a given quality of soil crumbling, reducing the intensity of excessive grinding of the lower part of the milled layer to small erosive hazardous particles. On soil with a moisture content of 21% and a hardness of 1.6 MPa, comparative tests of the innovative and basic cutters were carried out. In the tests, the factors were changed - the depth of processing was in the range of 8-12 cm and the forward speed was from 0.61 to 1.09 m/s. The test results were presented in the form of mathematical models of the relationship of variable factors with the energy intensity of soil milling with innovative and basic structures. In accordance with the method of optimal planning of a multifactorial experiment, a central orthogonal compositional plan was used. An experiment-planning matrix was drawn up for each of the tested structures. With two factors, it contains a core for 2 × 2 = 4 experiments, four star points and one central experiment. By comparing the models, an average reduction of 15.8% in the energy intensity of strip milling of the soil with the use of innovations with the same quality of soil crumbling was established. This allows us to recommend the innovation for use as part of a complex of soil cultivation and seeding machines for cultivation of crops using Strip-Till technology
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Silva Júnior, Gerson Cardoso da, Carlos Eduardo Braga i Ingrid De Carvalho Lage. "Hydrogeological study of mangrove areas around Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil". Anuário do Instituto de Geociências 26 (1.01.2003): 92–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.11137/2003_0_92-100.
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The study area covers part of the mangrove belt located around Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Representing a continental-marine transition, the mangrove ecosystem is very susceptible to environmental variations and impacts. The vegetation cover plays an important role in prevention of erosion and contamination processes in those areas. An ongoing extensive research effort in the Petrochemical Complex of Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, focuses on the man-induced changes in the physical environment (soils, groundwater flow system, type and volumes of contaminants, geochemical aspects) and the consequences on the neighboring mangrove ecosystem. This article describes the importance of hydrogeological studies in mangrove areas as part of an appropriate environmental assessment, taking as an example an industrial dumping area located in that Petrochemical Complex. Field work included extensive drilling and sampling to obtain basic geological and hydrogeological parameters and data in the pilot area, such as hydraulic conductivity and piezometric heads; emphasizing the tracking of possible contamination by industrial effluents and the marine influence; validation of the conceptual model with mathematical models (numerical and analytical models) was carried out. Results show the great importance of well conducted and detailed hydrogeological studies to properly address environmental problems caused by industrial plants in mangrove areas.
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Doorasamy, Mishelle. "Clean Cane Production Techniques and Environmental Sustainablility: A Review". Journal of Sustainable Development 10, nr 5 (29.09.2017): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v10n5p44.
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Given the importance of sugar to humanity, clean cane production has become a source of concern for both academic and producers alike. Focusing on the largest producing and exporting countries of processed and refined sugarcane is the most appropriate means of understanding the concepts evolving around clean cane production. Climate change has not directly reduced the quantity of clean cane produced due to an increase in use of chemical products in farming for sugar cane, but has negatively affected the quality of output. Disease prevalence in harvested cane as well as high soil erosion from global warming have been key elements of the sudden decline in quality cane harvesting and processing. This decline in quality has not only reduce the amount of revenue accruable to farmers but with the consequence of future production prospect if improperly addressed. This study carried out a desk research methodology to review extant literature to identify contemporary issues that needs to be urgently researched on. While a number of issues were uncovered by this study, it was found that scientific experiments and mathematical models enhance theoretical facts on successful and disease free clean cane production methods. But due to the practicability exceptions and the inherent limitations in outcomes of experiments, the research stresses on the importance of field work through observations before theoretical assessments on the findings and the causes of disease prevalence and quality decline in output. This is hoped will sanitize the cane production process and output for the present and future generations.
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Yao, Tandong, Fuyuan Wu, Lin Ding, Jimin Sun, Liping Zhu, Shilong Piao, Tao Deng, Xijun Ni, Hongbo Zheng i Hua Ouyang. "Multispherical interactions and their effects on the Tibetan Plateau's earth system: a review of the recent researches". National Science Review 2, nr 4 (1.12.2015): 468–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwv070.
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Abstract The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is a regional Earth system showing very strong interactions among its lithosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, biosphere, atmosphere, and anthrosphere. These interactions manifest TP's impact on surrounding regions and reflect TP's response to the global change. Quantifying the multispherical interactions is critically important to understand the TP environment. Our recent years researches including the ongoing program entitled ‘Tibetan Multi-Spheres Interactions and Their Resource-Environment Significance (TIMI)’, the completed program entitled. ‘Paleo-Altitudes of Tibetan Plateau and Environment (PATE)’, as well as the other relating projects have focused on multidisciplinary research approaches and emphasized on three major pathways: Eurasia-Indian plates collision on deep-Earth dynamics, uplift impact on Earth's mantle–crust dynamics, and contemporary interface on land surface and atmospheric dynamics. Our researches have taken in situ measurement as priority and developed several platforms of data acquisition and analysis, including the platforms of water-phase transformations, and ecosystem observations. Our field investigations have been conducted to obtain data about stratum, paleontology, paleoenvironment, genetic differentiation of animals and plants. We have developed conceptual and mathematical models for crust uplift formation, paleoclimate, glacial melt, water–air interface flux, vegetation climate, and soil erosion. We have also assessed the anthropogenic impacts on environment. Our researches have achieved new and reliable redating of the mantle–crust interaction and initial formation of the TP, found the interaction between tectonics and uplift of the TP and resultant paleoaltitude acting as a spreading source; discovered the interaction between the westerlies and Indian monsoon acting as a control chain that dominates the TP's contemporary environment. The scientific results can play fundamental roles in supporting the TP's resource exploration and societal sustainable development.
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Sirqueira, Evellynn Sato, Frederico Terra de Almeida, Adilson Pacheco de Souza, Handrey Borges Araújo, Cornélio Alberto Zolin i Rhavel Salviano Dias Paulista. "Avaliação das Perdas de Solo pela MUSLE na Microbacia do rio Caiabi". Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 15, nr 5 (29.08.2022): 2430. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v15.5.p2430-2447.
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O desenvolvimento da região Centro-Oeste do Brasil aconteceu de forma rápida e expressiva, integrando a região à economia nacional e internacional, passando a ser considerada a principal região geradora de produtos agropecuários exportáveis. Como todo processo de produção tende a causar impactos ambientais, estes sistemas tendem a aumentar a erosão natural do solo e consequente sedimentação em rios. Para verificar esses impactos e possibilitar o planejamento de medidas mitigadoras, é importante o estudo hidrossedimentológico de bacias hidrográficas, pois servem como base de dados para ajustar modelos que possam auxiliar na predição de cenários de acordo com uso e ocupação do solo, bem como o regime da disponibilidade hídrica. Desta forma objetivou-se avaliar a produção de sedimentos na microbacia hidrográfica do rio Caiabi, localizada nas cidades de Sinop e Vera, região Norte do estado do Mato Grosso, por meio do ajuste e análise da MUSLE. Ao verificar uma superestimação da produção de sedimentos utilizando os coeficientes de localização originais do modelo matemático MUSLE, fez-se necessário a calibração e a validação do modelo. Por meio de dados de curva-chave sólida obtidos por medições a campo, e utilizando-se três metodologias diferentes de ajuste do modelo, bem como três arranjos de dados para calibração e validação, obteve-se novos valores para a e b. Os testes estatísticos identificaram que o método dos mínimos quadrados apresentou os melhores valores de NSE para todos os arranjos utilizados, acima de 0,80, e o melhor conjunto de valores para os índices estatísticos utilizados (NSE, MAE, RMSE, R2, PBIAS) foi o método dos mínimos quadrados utilizando um arranjo de 50% dos dados tanto para calibração como 50% de dados para validação, apresentando coeficientes de localização 0,0044 e 0,8774, respectivamente para os coeficientes a e b.Palavras-chave: erosão; modelagem; curva-chave; coeficientes regionais. Evaluation of soil losses by MUSLE in a watershed in the Cerrado-Amazon ecotone A B S T R A C TThe development of the Center-West region of Brazil happened quickly and expressively, integrating the region to the national and international economy, becoming considered the main region that generates exportable agricultural products. As every production process tends to cause environmental impacts, these systems tend to increase the natural erosion of the soil and consequent sedimentation in rivers. In order to verify these impacts and enable the planning of mitigating measures, the hydrosedimentological study of hydrographic basins is important, as they serve as a database for adjusting models that can help in the prediction of scenarios according to land use and occupation, as well as the water availability regime. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the production of sediments in the hydrographic microbasin of the Caiabi River, located in the cities of Sinop and Vera, in the northern region of the state of Mato Grosso. When verifying an overestimation of sediment production using the original location coefficients of the MUSLE mathematical model, it was necessary to calibrate and validate the model. Using solid rating curve data obtained from field measurements, and using three different model fitting methodologies, as well as three data arrays for calibration and validation, new values were obtained for a and b. The statistical tests identified that the least squares method presented the best NSE values for all the arrangements used, above 0.80, and the best set of values for the statistical indices used (NSE, MAE, RMSE, R2, PBIAS) was the least squares method using an array of 50% of the data for both calibration and 50% of data for validation, showing location coefficients 0.0044 and 0.8774, respectively for coefficients a and bKeywords: erosion; modeling; rating curve; regional coefficients.
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Jørgensen, S. E. "Soil erosion — experiments and models". Ecological Modelling 65, nr 1-2 (styczeń 1993): 148–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3800(93)90132-c.
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Kirkby, M. J., R. Abrahart, M. D. McMahon, J. Shao i J. B. Thornes. "MEDALUS soil erosion models for global change". Geomorphology 24, nr 1 (lipiec 1998): 35–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-555x(97)00099-8.
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Lal, R. "Soil Erosion: Application of Physically Based Models". Geoderma 103, nr 3-4 (październik 2001): 351–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-7061(01)00049-0.
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Katra, Itzhak. "Soil Erosion: Dust Control and Sand Stabilization". Applied Sciences 10, nr 22 (13.11.2020): 8044. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10228044.
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This Special Issue on soil erosion invites novel and original articles based on physical and chemical theories, field and laboratory experimental, soil analyses, and/or statistical and mathematical modeling that advance our knowledge on dust control and sand stabilization.