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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Soil borne diseases- Fusarium"
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Nikitin, Dmitry A., Ekaterina A. Ivanova, Mikhail V. Semenov, Alena D. Zhelezova, Natalya A. Ksenofontova, Azida K. Tkhakakhova i Vladimir A. Kholodov. "Diversity, Ecological Characteristics and Identification of Some Problematic Phytopathogenic Fusarium in Soil: A Review". Diversity 15, nr 1 (1.01.2023): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d15010049.
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The genus Fusarium includes many pathogenic species causing a wide range of plant diseases that lead to high economic losses. In this review, we describe how the Fusarium taxonomy has changed with the development of microbiological methods. We specify the ecological traits of this genus and the methods of its identification in soils, particularly the detection of phytopathogenic representatives of Fusarium and the mycotoxins produced by them. The negative effects of soil-borne phytopathogenic Fusarium on agricultural plants and current methods for its control are discussed. Due to the high complexity and polymorphism of Fusarium species, integrated approaches for the risk assessment of Fusarium diseases are necessary.
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Mohammed, Tajudin A., Alemayehu H. Welderufael i Bayoush B. Yeshinigus. "Assessment and Distribution of Foliar and Soil-Borne Diseases of Capsicum Species in Ethiopia". International Journal of Phytopathology 10, nr 2 (3.10.2021): 125–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/phytopath.010.02.3629.
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Diseases caused by fungi and oomycetes lead to reduced productivity of pepper (Capsicum spp.) in Ethiopia. Currently, knowledge about severity and geographical distribution of fungal diseases in pepper producing areas is limited. Thus this study was aimed: to map the geographical distribution of economically relevant Capsicum diseases and to identify, document, prioritize, and update the status of fungal infectious diseases across the country. A survey was conducted throughout major pepper agro-ecological zones in Ethiopia for two consecutive years, 2018 and 2019/20. Districts were surveyed based on pepper production at intervals of 4 to 10 kilometers from each sampling zone of major pepper growing areas. Global positioning system (GPS) was used to mark each sampling point using a GPS receiver for altitude and coordinates. Nine major pathogenic fungi were identified in samples collected from different pepper-producing areas across the country. Cercospora leaf spot caused by Cercospora capsici was found prevalent in 39.8% of the 133 fields studied, followed by Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. capsici, and Phytophthora collar, root, and fruit rot caused by Phytophthora capsici, prevalent in 21.1% and 15.8% fields, respectively. The maximum overall mean percent severity index (69.5%) was recorded for Fusarium stem and root rot (Fusarium solani) followed by damping-off (56.7%) and Fusarium wilt (55.4%). The current study indicated the importance of fungal diseases, particularly soil-borne diseases. The molecular characterizations, primers development for important pathogens, and genome-wide screening of Capsicum genotypes in Ethiopia required to advance environmentally safe and affordable disease control methods.
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Su, Lv, Lifan Zhang, Duoqian Nie, Eiko E. Kuramae, Biao Shen i Qirong Shen. "Bacterial Tomato Pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum Invasion Modulates Rhizosphere Compounds and Facilitates the Cascade Effect of Fungal Pathogen Fusarium solani". Microorganisms 8, nr 6 (27.05.2020): 806. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8060806.
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Soil-borne pathogen invasions can significantly change the microbial communities of the host rhizosphere. However, whether bacterial Ralstonia solanacearum pathogen invasion influences the abundance of fungal pathogens remains unclear. In this study, we combined high-throughput sequencing, qPCR, liquid chromatography and soil culture experiments to analyze the rhizosphere fungal composition, co-occurrence of fungal communities, copy numbers of functional genes, contents of phenolic acids and their associations in healthy and bacterial wilt-diseased tomato plants. We found that R. solanacearum invasion increased the abundance of the soil-borne pathogen Fusarium solani. The concentrations of three phenolic acids in the rhizosphere soil of bacterial wilt-diseased tomato plants were significantly higher than those in the rhizosphere soil of healthy tomato plants. In addition, the increased concentrations of phenolic acids significantly stimulated F. solani growth in the soil. Furthermore, a simple fungal network with fewer links, nodes and hubs (highly connected nodes) was found in the diseased tomato plant rhizosphere. These results indicate that once the symptom of bacterial wilt disease is observed in tomato, the roots of the wilt-diseased tomato plants need to be removed in a timely manner to prevent the enrichment of other fungal soil-borne pathogens. These findings provide some ecological clues for the mixed co-occurrence of bacterial wilt disease and other fungal soil-borne diseases.
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Sodikov, B., A. Khakimov, U. Rakhmonov, A. Omonlikov, R. Gulmatov i S. Utaganov. "Soil-borne plant pathogenic fungi biodiversity of sunflower". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1068, nr 1 (1.07.2022): 012018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1068/1/012018.
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Abstract Diseases caused by soil-borne phytopathogenic fungi are a serious problem for agricultural crops, including sunflower crops. The limited possibilities of measures to control them further increases the interest and focus on them. This article reveals data on the species composition, occurrence rate of soil-borne plant pathogenic fungi isolated from the soil of sunflower. Here, 11 species of true fungi and 1 species of oomycetes have been isolated. The highest incidence rate was recorded in the Fusarium oxysporum fungi species. During the study, pathogenic fungi specific to sunflower have also been isolated.
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Gupta, Sheetanshu, i A. K. Sharma. "Suppression of Sclerotium rolfsii and Fusarium oxysporum through Glomalin a Glycoprotein Produced by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi under in vitro Condition". International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13, nr 7 (8.05.2023): 396–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i71891.
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For sustainable agriculture to succeed, especially in the production of organic food, the use of biofertilizers and biopesticides is essential. Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis is important for improving plant development through increased nutrient intake, soil stabilization, and carbon sequestration through the creation of glomalin, a distinct and specialized protein. It was not determined whether glomalin affects soil-borne fungi infections. Therefore, using glomalin isolated from the soil used to raise maize plants inoculated with various arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), the inhibition of soil-borne plant diseases Sclerotium rolfsii and Fusarium oxysporum was examined. The outcomes demonstrated that there was variation in the quantity of glomalin generated by various AMF species. Glomalin isolated from soil inoculated with Glomus coronatum suppressed Sclerotium rolfsii and Fusarium oxysporum more effectively in in-vitro tests than soil inoculated with Glomus intraradices and Glomus mosseae.
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Bowen, Alison, Ryan Orr, Anna V. McBeath, Anthony Pattison i Paul N. Nelson. "Suppressiveness or conduciveness to Fusarium wilt of bananas differs between key Australian soils". Soil Research 57, nr 2 (2019): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr18159.
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Soils are known to differ in suppressiveness to soil-borne diseases, but the suppressiveness or otherwise to Fusarium wilt of Australian soils used to grow bananas is unknown. In this work we tested the relative suppressiveness of six key soil types. Banana (Musa (AAB group) ‘Pome’, cultivar ‘Lady Finger’) was grown in pots of the soils inoculated or not with Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Foc) ‘Race 1’. Sixteen weeks after inoculation the plants were harvested and disease severity was assessed by measuring discoloration within the rhizome. In the inoculated pots, disease severity was greatest in the alluvial Liverpool and Virgil soils and least in the basaltic origin Tolga soil. No disease was detected in the non-inoculated pots. Soils with the lowest disease severity had the highest root mass, irrespective of inoculation, and the largest (negative) effect of inoculation on root dry mass. Disease severity in inoculated pots was negatively correlated with soil clay content and β-glucosidase activity. The results indicate that the risk of Fusarium wilt negatively impacting banana growth differs between soils of the main Australian banana-growing region.
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Deng, Xiao, Qin Fen Li, Chun Yuan Wu i Jing Kun Liu. "Influence of the Number of Pathogen Causing Banana Fusarium Wilt and Soil Factors on the Infection Degree of Banana Plants". Advanced Materials Research 781-784 (wrzesień 2013): 1989–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.781-784.1989.
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Banana fusarium wilt is one of the soil-borne diseases of seriously threat to banana production in the world. However, there is no effective method for prevention. The objective was providing theoretical basis for field diagnosis of banana fusarium wilt. Thirty rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil samples were collected from three typical banana plots (Jianfeng, Shiyuetian, Chongpo) infected by banana fusarium wilt. Applying dilution plate method to estimate the pathogenic number, fourteen soil physicochemical properties and nutrient concentrations were chemically determined. Results showed that pathogenic number and nutrient concentrations in rhizosphere soil were higher than non-rhizosphere soil, the pathogenic number and pH in rhizosphere soils significantly increased with increasing of plant infection grades, while the concentrations of available P and B decreased with increasing of plant infection grades. It was concluded that infection degree of banana plants was mainly determined by pathogenic number, pH and the concentrations of available P and B.
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Song, Zhaoxin, Sebastien Massart, Dongdong Yan, Hongyan Cheng, Mathilde Eck, Chadi Berhal, Canbin Ouyang, Yuan Li, Qiuxia Wang i Aocheng Cao. "Composted Chicken Manure for Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation Increased the Strawberry Yield and Shifted the Soil Microbial Communities". Sustainability 12, nr 16 (5.08.2020): 6313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12166313.
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Anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD), as a bio-fumigation technology, has been developed to control soil-borne pests. There is increasing evidence showing that carbon sources and cover tarps play an important role in the ASD suppression of soil-borne pests, but little is known about the effect of composted chicken manure (CCM) and totally impermeable films (TIF) against soil-borne pests in the strawberry production system. In experiments, the colonies of Fusarium spp. and Phytophthora spp., which are recognized to cause strawberry soil-borne diseases, decreased significantly after ASD. The soil promoted a significant increase in ammonium nitrogen, nitrate-nitrogen and organic matter, but a decrease in oxidation-reduction potential after ASD. Besides, the strawberry plant height, stem thickness and yield were significantly higher than in the non-amended soil. Compared to the untreated control, ASD, both at 6 and 12 ton/ha of CCM, significantly (p = 0.05) increased strawberry marketable yield and income. The economic benefit could be due to the suppression of soil-borne diseases and the improvement of soil nutrition. The soil bacterial and fungal diversity and richness increased after soil fumigation. The increased presence of biological control agents led to the suppression of soil-borne pathogens. In summary, ASD with CCM amendments could be applied in pre-plant fumigation to control strawberry soil-borne pests, strengthen soil fertility, improve crop yield and increase growers’ income.
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Saygı, Sevilay, Muharrem Türkkan i İsmail Erper. "Toprak Kökenli Bitki Patojeni Funguslarla Mücadelede Biofumigasyonun Kullanım Olanakları". Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 7, nr 9 (10.09.2019): 1245. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v7i9.1245-1248.1569.
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The soil-borne plant pathogenic fungi, including Armillaria, Fusarium, Phytophthora, Rhizoctonia, Rosellinia and Sclerotinia etc, are causing root rot diseases on many field and horticultural crops that often results in the death of plants and important yield losses. Several control methods have been implemented to control root rot diseases, such as use of resistant cultivars, crop rotation, solarisation, fungicides treatments and soil fumigation. Soil fumigation with fumigants such as methyl bromide and chloropicrin is the most effective method for controlling soil-borne fungi; however, the negative effects of these chemicals on both the environmental and public health have led to its banning in many countries. Therefore, there is a need to find alternative methods which provide adequate disease control and is comparable to commercial fungicides. Bio fumigation is considered as an alternative to chemical control and is highly effective in the controlling of diseases caused by nematodes, weeds and fungi, and is considered as a part of integrated pest management. Cover crops, organic fertilizers and biosolids are considered as biofumigants in controlling of soil-borne fungi. In this study, bio fumigation applications in controlling of soil-borne fungi and their mode of action on the fungi are evaluated.
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Asif, Mamoona, Muhammad Saleem Haider i Adnan Akhter. "Impact of Biochar on Fusarium Wilt of Cotton and the Dynamics of Soil Microbial Community". Sustainability 15, nr 17 (28.08.2023): 12936. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151712936.
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The effects of biochar on leaf and soil-borne diseases of plants can be seen in addition to its ability to sequester carbon, improve soil quality, and enhance plant performance. However, the mechanisms by which soil-borne pathogens are suppressed and plant performance is enhanced are not well understood. The present work aims to comprehensively establish the links between biochar-induced changes in the richness of the rhizosphere microbial population, in association with the reduction of soil-borne Fusarium wilt disease (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum), in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), with improved plant performance. Biochar made from organic waste significantly decreased the colonization and survival of Fusarium in soil, raised the culture-able counts of numerous microbes with biocontrol potential (microorganisms that boost plant growth and development), and inhibited Fusarium wilt of cotton. The biochar amendment significantly enhanced the cotton plant development and physiological parameters such as chlorophyll content, etc. Overall, 9% organic waste biochar had shown a significant impact on cotton growth as compared to other treatments with or without biochar. Compared to the soil-only control, the disease index was considerably reduced in all biochar-amended treatments. In terms of the plant’s resistance to Fusarium wilt, biochar-induced increases in the level of overall chlorophyll content and biochemicals such as phenolics, flavonoids, etc. Additionally, cotton plants grown with a 9% biochar composition had considerably greater NPK levels than other treatments with or without biochar. The biochar addition resulted in increased counts of Pseudomonas spp., Actinomycetes spp., and Trichoderma spp., while Acidobacteriales, Rhodospirillales, and Frankiales were less when compared with an un-amended (without biochar) soil control. Thus, the composition of rhizosphere bacteria in the treatments with and without modified biochar was found to differ significantly.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Soil borne diseases- Fusarium"
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Magambo, Betty. "Generating transgenic banana (cv. Sukali Ndizi) resistant to Fusarium Wilt". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2012. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/61024/1/Betty_Magambo_Thesis.pdf.
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Banana is one of the world’s most popular fruit crops and Sukali Ndizi is the most popular dessert banana in the East African region. Like other banana cultivars, Sukali Ndizi is threatened by several constraints, of which the Fusarium wilt disease is the most destructive. Fusarium wilt is caused by a soil-borne fungus, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Foc). No effective control strategy currently exists for this disease and although disease resistance exists in some banana cultivars, introducing resistance into commercial cultivars by conventional breeding is difficult because of low fertility. Considering that conventional breeding generates hybrids with additional undesirable traits, transformation is the most suitable way of introducing resistance in the banana genome. The success of this strategy depends on the availability of genes for genetic transformation. Recently, a novel strategy involving the expression of anti-apoptosis genes in plants was shown to result in resistance against several necrotrophic fungi, including Foc race 1 in banana cultivar Lady Finger. This thesis explores the potential of a plant-codon optimised nematode anti-apoptosis gene (Mced9) to provide resistance against Foc race 1 in dessert banana cultivar Sukali Ndizi.
Agrobacterium-mediated transformation was used to transform embryogenic cell suspension of Sukali Ndizi with plant expression vector pYC11, harbouring maize ubiquitin promoter driven Mced9 gene and nptII as a plant selection marker. A total of 42 independently transformed lines were regenerated and characterized. The transgenic lines were multiplied, infected and evaluated for resistance to Foc race 1 in a small pot bioassay. The pathogenicity of the Ugandan Foc race 1 isolate used for infection was pre-determined and the spore concentration was standardised for consistent infection and symptom development. This process involved challenging tissue culture plants of Sukali Ndizi, a Foc race 1 susceptible cultivar and Nakinyika, an East African Highland cultivar known to be resistant to Foc race 1, with Fusarium inoculum and observing external and internal disease symptom development.
Rhizome discolouration symptoms were the best indicators of Fusarium wilt with yellowing being an early sign of disease. Three transgenic lines were found to show significantly less disease severities compared to the wild-type control plants after 13 weeks of infection, indicating that Mced9 has the potential to provide tolerance to Fusarium wilt in Sukali Ndizi.
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Higuita, Didier Mauricio Chavarriaga. "Biological control of Fusarium spp. and other soil-borne pathogens on tree seedlings". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2003. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU602315.
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Soil borne fungi isolated from forest areas and nurseries in North east of Scotland using baiting techniques, were identified using classical taxonomy and molecular methods (PCR amplification of ITS regions; restriction digestion; sequencing of PCR products) as Fusarium lateritium, F. tricinctum, F. sambucinum, Phytophthora cinnamomi, Pythium ultimum var. ultimum and Rhizoctonia binucleate (Ceratobasidium sp.). Virulence was tested in vitro on young seedlings of Pinus sylvestris and Alnus glutinosa, and Koch's postulates fulfilled through reisolation of the pathogens and confirmation of fungal penetration into host tissues. Root growth was measured using the Winrhizo program, and dry weights recorded. Symptoms on aerial parts were assessed using a categorical scale from 0 (healthy) to 5 (damage > 76%). Fusarium spp. caused significant different (P 0.01) symptom intensity on both host plants. However, no significant difference in root growth was found between treatments and control (P 0.05). The effects of different compost treatments on disease development in seedlings of both hosts inoculated with the same fine root pathogens was tested in the glasshouse confirming the virulence of the fungal pathogens on P. sylvestris and A. glutinosa seedlings. Although mean dry weights of P. sylvestris and A. glutinosa varied between compost treatments, differences were not significantly different. Isolation, characterization and identification of bacterial isolates, Bacillus subtilis B1, fluorescent pseudomonads B4 and B5 with antagonistic action against pathogens were also carried out. These isolates along with the known bacterial antagonists Bacillus subtilis MB600, MB205 and Pseudomonas corrugata R117 were used for biological control in vitro and in planta experiments using Alnus glutinosa or Pinus sylvestris seedlings. All bacterial isolates colonized root systems of both tree species. Higher numbers of bacterial cells were observed on roots of A. glutinosa than on P. sylvestris roots. High bacterial cell numbers were observed in plants of both tree species inoculated with fluorescent pseudomonads B4 or B5. In vitro antagonism on agar plates, indicated by inhibition in fungal colony diameter growth, was recorded for F. tricinctum, F. lateritium and F. sambucinum, Pythium ultimum var. ultimum and Phythophthora cinnamomi with all bacterial isolates tested (P 0.05). Biological control of the fine root pathogens on Pinus sylvestris and Alnus glutinosa seedlings by bacteria semi in vivo in test tubes was carried out with various responses in both tree hosts. All bacterial treatments resulted in a lower sporangium germination rate for P. ultimum var. ultimum than was found in controls (P 0.05). Effect of the bacterial isolates separately on growth and disease development in Pinus sylvestris and Alnus glutinosa seedlings inoculated with the pathogens under glasshouse conditions using autoclaved compost was tested. The bacterial isolates had various effects against the pathogens, although in most cases no significant differences were observed relative to controls. Further soil-based trials were carried out in the glasshouse to achieve control of root disease development on Pinus sylvestris and Alnus glutinosa using a combination of different antagonists, based on a mixture of the bacterial isolates used previously and Trichoderma koningii (TC6-Colombia). None of the antagonistic treatments showed a clear antagonistic effect in Pinus sylvestris against the fungal infections compared to control plants inoculated with the pathogens alone. In contrast, in Alnus glutinosa plants T. koningii co-inoculation improved plant growth in several of the growth parameter measured.
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Cerdà, Alexandra Puértolas. "Detection and management of soil-borne pathogens in the nursery trade". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2017. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=235373.
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International trade in plants, especially with potting substrates, is recognised as the main pathway of plant pathogen dissemination on a global scale. In the last 20 years, the wide use of internet commerce has become common in the nursery sector and, due to the nature of online sales, may be aggravating this risk. Oomycetes in the genera Phytophthora, Pythium and Phytopythium, cause a range of important plant diseases, responsible for serious economic and biological losses. This research focused on the detection of Oomycetes in imported potted ornamental plants in the UK and The Netherlands, including internet sales and asymptomatic plants. Isolation techniques and molecular protocols were developed to quantify pathogen load in ornamental plants, using TaqMan PCR and Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) to assess Oomycete diversity using a multi-locus approach. Survival of Phytophthora cinnamomi and Fusarium verticillioides was estimated in two commercial potting mixes used in ornamental plant production. Oomycetes were detected in all samples analysed with the NGS approach, with 38 Phytophthora spp. and 48 Pythium/Phytopythium spp. identified. Phytophthora ramorum, P. alni subsp. alni and P. cryptogea were common. TaqMan PCR quantification showed high numbers of Oomycetes in all samples, especially in substrates, followed by roots and baiting waters. During sampling by isolation, Pythium kashmirense was recovered from Viburnum plicatum, the first record of this species in the UK. The survival experiment showed that Fusarium verticillioides remained viable after 17 months, whereas Phytophthora cinnamomi was viable up to 7 months after inoculation. This work clearly demonstrated the widespread presence of Oomycete pathogens in the plants for planting pathway. Moreover, the protocols developed and findings of this work contribute greatly to the understanding of the potential for pathogens to spread in the international horticultural trade and may help to improve plant biosecurity protocols in the UK and Europe.
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Lewis, Katherine JoAnn. "Studies on the spread of Verticicladiella procera by soil-borne and insect-borne propagules". Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/91132.
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Studies were undertaken to determine the dispersal mechanisms of Verticicladiella procera Kendrick, the causal agent of Procera Root Disease (PRD).
Propagule germinability in artificially infested soil decrease rapidly under natural and controlled conditions. Colonization of seedlings in artificially infested soil was rare and symptoms were not displayed by colonized seedlings.
Natural populations of V. procera were closely associated with colonized root tissue. Colonization of field planted seedlings was related to proximity to root collars of diseased trees and insect activity on the seedlings.
Insects (Coleoptera) contaminated with V. procera were found in plantations both with and without PRD. The percent of weevils and bark beetles contaminated with V. procera was 64 and 0.76 respectively. Verticicladiella procera was transmitted to white pine bolts in the field and under controlled conditions following visitation by contaminated insects. Verticicladiella procera was associated with larval galleries and frass in trap bolts and was observed fruiting in insect galleries in root systems of diseased trees.
This evidence suggests that transmission by insects, especially weevils, is the more important mechanism for dispersal and that soil-borne propagules have a minor role in pathogen spread.M.S.
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McQuilken, Mark Patrick. "Development of Pythium oligandrum drechsler for biological control of fungal soil-borne diseases". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1990. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/1875/.
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The nutritional and environmental requirements for mycelial growth, oospore production and germination of Pythium oligandrum were examined. Optimum temperatures for growth of several isolates were in the range of 20 - 30 0 , with little growth occurring below 100 or above 350 Oospore germination occurred over the range of 10-35°. Both growth and oospore germination occurred over the range of pH 4.5 - 9.0 and were optimum between pH 6.0 - 7.5. Growth was reduced markedly below -1.0 to -1.5 MPa osmotic potential and ceased at approximately -2.5 to -3.5 MPa; similar results were obtained for oospore germination. Growth and oospore germination were affected more by low matric than by low osmotic potentials. Oospore production required an exogenous supply of sterols; it was also increased by the presence of calcium and affected by the C:N ratio. Semi-solid, static and aerated culture systems were developed for bulk production of P. oligandrum oospores. A liquid cane molasses medium was particularly convenient and efficient. A range of formulations were prepared using oospores produced mainly in this medium. Formulations were evaluated against pathogens causing damping-off in cress and the level of biocontrol in artificially infested sand was not as good as that obtained in naturally infested soil. Alginate pellets and a perlite preparation survived well in laboratory storage at 5-25° for at least 24 wk. Seeds of cress and sugar beet were coated with oospores using commercial seed-pelleting and film-coating procedures. Both types of seed treatment reduced damping-off of cress caused by P. ultimum in artificially infested sand and potting compost, and by Rhizoctonia solani in artificially infested sand. In general, pelleting of P. oligandrum on cress gave better control than film-coating treatments. P. oligandrum also reduced damping-off of sugar beet in soil naturally infested with Aphanomyces cochlioides and Pythium spp.. Control was equivalent to that achieved with hymexazol fungicide seed-coating treatments and was related to the inoculum potential of A. cochlioides in the soil.
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Levenfors, Jens. "Soil-borne pathogens in intensive legume cropping - Aphanomyces spp. and root rots /". Uppsala : Dept. of Plant Pathology and Biocontrol Unit, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2003. http://epsilon.slu.se/a393.pdf.
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Lutchmeah, R. S. "Biology of Pythium oligandrum drechsler in relation to biological control of soil-borne fungal plant diseases". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381416.
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Bhattarai, Shuvash. "Interactions between the potato cyst nematode globodera pallida and soil-borne fungus, rhizoctonia solani (AG3) diseases in potatoes". Thesis, Harper Adams University College, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.548754.
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Chidburee, Siripun. "Biological control of soil-borne disease in soybean by denitrifying antagonistic bacteria : the possible role of reduced nitrogen compounds for control of plant pathogens". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1998. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU602299.
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A number of experiments were carried out to study the potential of denitrifying bacteria and reduced nitrogen compounds for control of soil-borne damping-off pathogens. Measurement of the rhizosphere pH of growing soybean roots was carried out in soil adjusted to different pH states and packed into sheet microcosms. The results showed that the rhizosphere pH of soybean was lower than the bulk soil. Nitrate reductase activity and nitrite production was then characterised for the rhizosphere of intact 14 day-old soybean roots that were incubated in nitrate substrates adjusted to different pH values under water-logged conditions. The results showed that the rate and the quantity of nitrite production increased with increasing nitrate concentration and pH in the solution. A growth room experiment was carried out to determine root colonization by denitrifying bacteria in relation to disease caused by soil-borne pathogens, which are favoured by high soil moisture (approximately -5 KPa) and low oxygen levels. Nitrite producing bacteria were isolated from soybean roots grown in Grampian (Insch) soils which had not been cropped with soybean and Thai (Phitsanulok) soils which previously had been cropped with soybean. In the first pot experiment, the nitrite producing bacteria were isolated from different root sections of 12 and 19 day-old soybean plants after 8 weeks of continuous cropping of soils with soybean (a new crop was planted every week), and using different isolation media in order to determine the genus/species composition of the denitrifying bacteria on the rhizoplane. The results showed that continuous cropping of Thai soil and Insch soil with soybean increased pre-emergence damping-off disease and decreased fresh weight yields in seedlings that did emerge. ANOVA showed significant differences between root sections for most bacterial groups monitored {Bacillus spp., Pseudomonas and Enterobacteriaceae), with regression analysis generally showing densities increasing with root age or toward the shoot base. All nitrite producing bacterial isolates were screened for antifungal activity against Macrophomina phaseolina on agar plates and between 10 and 25% of nitrite producing bacteria were found to show in vitro antagonism. In a second pot experiment, the nitrite producing bacteria were isolated from root tissue below the crown (5 cm in length) every 2 weeks of continuous cropping of soils with soybean (a new crop was planted every 2 weeks). Plate-counting was carried out to determine the population of nitrite producing bacteria while a liquid culture MPN method was used for determination of NO, N2O and N2 producing bacteria. Linear regression analysis of the incidence of pre-emergence damping-off and soybean yields in seedling that did emerge showed a highly significant negative correlation between these parameters for both soils. ANOVA showed that there was a significant difference between soil type, with the Thai soil showing higher population densities of antagonistic bacteria on soybean roots. All nitrite producing bacterial isolates were screened for antifungal activity, but the plant pathogenic fungus, Pythium ultimum, was used in this experiment. The results showed that between 10 and 40% of nitrite producing bacteria showed in vitro antagonism. However, regression analysis showed that there was no significant increase or decrease in the nitrite producing antagonistic bacterial population with continuous soybean cropping. All 900 isolates of nitrite producing bacteria isolated from the soybean rhizoplane were screened for antagonistic activity towards Pythium ultimum based on a pot trial assay in the greenhouse. As expected, very low numbers of nitrite producing bacteria showed activity against P. ultimum and only one isolate gave a significant reduction in disease incidence in pot trials. The interactive effects of nitrite producing antagonist and an Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungus (Glomus mosseae) and Bradryrhizobium japonicum, on control of the fungal pathogens, P. ultimum or M. phaseolina were investigated in the greenhouse. The results showed that improved plant growth was obtained with certain combined inocula involving nitrite producing bacterial antagonists, Glomus mosseae and Bradryrhizobium japonicum.
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Southwood, Michael J. "Evolution and detection of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae in onion in South Africa". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4499.
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Thesis (PhDAgric (Plant Pathology))--Stellenbosch University, 2010.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In the Western Cape onion industry in South Africa, Fusarium oxysporum Schlechtend.:Fr. f.sp. cepae (H.N. Hans.) W.C. Snyder & H.N. Hans. (Focep) has been identified as the leading cause of harvest and storage losses. This pathogen is of world-wide importance and causes Fusarium basal rot of onions (Allium cepa), affecting all onion growth stages. No information is available on the evolution, genetic diversity, molecular detection and inoculum sources of the South African Focep population. Similar to what is the case for South Africa, limited information is available on Focep in other regions of the world. World-wide, four vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) and two single-member VCGs (SMVs) have been identified among two Japanese and 19 Colorado (USA) isolates. This polyphyletic origin of Focep suggested by VCG analyses was confirmed through molecular analyses of isolates from a few countries. Only the mating type (MAT)1-1 idiomorph has been reported for Focep isolates from Welsh onion (Allium fistulosum). The development of sustainable management strategies of Focep is dependent on knowledge of (i) the genetic diversity and evolution of Focep, (ii) whether high throughput molecular methods can be developed for identifying the most virulent and widespread Focep genotypes and (iii) the role of seedlings and seeds as primary inoculum sources, and the Focep genotypes associated with these growth stages. Therefore, the three main aims of the current study were to investigate the aforementioned three aspects. In the first aim of the study, the genetic diversity and evolution of Focep was investigated using a collection of 79 F. oxysporum isolates from South Africa (27 Focep and 33 non-pathogenic isolates) and Colorado (19 Focep isolates). VCG analyses revealed the presence of six VCGs, four among the Colorado Focep isolates (VCGs 0421, 0422, 0423 and 0424) and two among the South African bulb-associated isolates (VCGs 0425 and 0426). VCG 0421 and VCG 0425 were the two main VCGs in Colorado and South Africa, respectively. Four SMVs and one heterokaryon selfincompatible (HSI) isolate were also identified. The polyphyletic nature of Focep in South Africa and Colorado was shown through a combined translation elongation factor 1α (EF-1α) and mitochondrial small-subunit (mtSSU) phylogeny. The phylogeny divided the Focep isolates into two main clades, of which one contained the two main VCGs (0421 and 0425), SMVs and non-pathogenic isolates. The second, ancestral clade contained the HSI isolate, VCGs 0422, 0423 and 0424, and non-pathogenic isolates. Unlike the clade containing the two main VCGs, which were highly virulent toward onion bulbs, the ancestral clade contained isolates that were mostly moderately virulent. The incongruence of the EF-1α and mtSSU datasets with an intergenic spacer (IGS) region data set, and the presence of both MAT idiomorphs within the same isolate for some isolates, suggested possible exchange of genetic material between isolates. The second aim of the study was to develop molecular methods for identifying the two main Focep VCGs (0425 and 0421), using DNA fingerprinting methods and sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers. These techniques were first developed using the F. oxysporum isolates from the first aim, and were then used to investigate the prevalence of VCG 0425 among 88 uncharacterized F. oxysporum isolates from onion bulbs in South Africa. Two random amplified polymorphic DNA primers provided two diagnostic amplicons for VCG 0425, but attempts to develop SCAR markers from these amplicons were unsuccessful. In contrast, an interretrotransposon amplified polymorphism (IRAP) fingerprinting method enabled the developed of a multiplex IR-SCAR polymerase chain reaction method that detected the VCG 0421, 0425 and SMV 4 isolates as a group. Fingerprinting and SCAR marker testing of the 88 uncharacterized F. oxysporum isolates from South Africa (65 Focep and 23 non-pathogenic) confirmed that VCG 0425 is the main VCG in South Africa associated with mature onion bulbs, since 63 of the Focep isolates had the molecular characteristics of VCG 0425. The third aim of the study was to determine whether seed and seedling transplants are inoculum sources of Focep, and whether the same genotype (VCG 0425) that dominated on mature bulbs could be detected from these sources. Focep isolates were obtained from seven of the 13 investigated onion seed lots, as well as from onion seedling transplants that were collected from all five onion nurseries in the Western Cape. Focep seedling infection more than doubled from the 6-week growth stage to the 14-week growth stage. Seed infections by Focep were low, but the seedborne nature of Focep was confirmed by showing that a green fluorescent protein labelled Focep transformant could be transmitted from infected soil to onion seed via the onion bulbs and seedstalks. It is thus clear that commercial seed and seedlings are inoculum sources of Focep. However, the Focep genotypes on seed and seedlings are different from those in mature bulbs and were not dominated by VCG 0425. Furthermore, most (≤ 60%) of the seed and seedling isolates were moderately virulent, as compared to the mostly highly virulent isolates from mature bulbs.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In die Wes-Kaapse uiebedryf in Suid-Afrika is Fusarium oxysporum Schlechtend.:Fr. f.sp. cepae (H.N. Hans.) W.C. Snyder & H.N. Hans. (Focep) geïdentifiseer as die vernaamste oorsaak van oes- en opbergingsverliese. Hierdie patogeen is van wêreldwye belang; dit veroorsaak Fusarium-bolvrot van uie (Allium cepa) en affekteer alle plantgroeistadia. In Suid-Afrika is daar geen inligting beskikbaar oor die evolusie, genetiese diversiteit, molekulêre opsporing en inokulumbronne van die Focep-populasie nie. Soortgelyk aan wat die geval in Suid-Afrika is, is daar beperkte inligting beskikbaar oor Focep in ander wêrelddele. Wêreldwyd is daar vier vegetatiewe versoenbaarheidsgroepe (VVGe) en twee enkellid VVGe (ELVe) geïdentifiseer onder twee Japannese en 19 Colorado (VSA) isolate. Hierdie veelvuldige oorsprong van Focep wat deur VVG-analise voorgestel was, is deur die molekulêre analises van isolate uit ’n paar ander lande bevestig. Slegs die paringstipe (PT)1-1 idiomorf is vir Focep-isolate uit Walliese-tipe uie (ook bekend as ‘lenteuie’ in Suid Africa) (Allium fistulosum) berig. Die ontwikkeling van volhoubare bestuurstrategieë vir Focep steun op kennis van (i) die genetiese diversiteit en evolusie van Focep, (ii) of hoë-deurset molekulêre metodes ontwikkel kan word vir die identifisering van die mees virulente en wydverspreide Focep-genotipes en (iii) die rol van saailinge en saad as primêre inokulumbronne, en die Focep-genotipes wat met hierdie groeistadia geassosieer word. Daarom was die hoof doelstellings van hierdie studie om die bogenoemde drie aspekte te bestudeer. Om die eerste doel van die studie te bereik is die genetiese diversiteit en evolusie van Focep bestudeer deur gebruik te maak van ‘n versameling van 79 F. oxysporum-isolate uit Suid-Afrika (27 Focep en 33 nie-patogeniese isolate) en uit Colorado (19 Focep-isolate). VVG-analises het die teenwoordigheid van ses VVGe aangetoon – vier onder die Colorado Focep-isolate (VVGe 0421, 0422, 0423 en 0424) en twee onder die Suid-Afrikaanse bol-geassosieerde isolate (VVGe 0425 en 0426). VVG 0421 en VVG 0425 was die twee hoof VVGe in onderskeidelik Colorado en Suid-Afrika. Vier ELVe en een meerkernige self-onversoenbare (MSO) isolaat is ook geïdentifiseer. Die veelvuldige oorsprong van Focep in Suid-Afrika en Colorado is ook aangetoon deur ‘n gekombineerde translasie verlengings faktor 1α (VF-1α) en mitokondriale klein-subeenheid (mtKSE) filogenie. Dié filogenie het die Focepisolate in twee groepe verdeel, waarvan die een groep die twee hoof VVGe (0421 en 0425), ELVe en nie-patogeniese isolate bevat het. Die tweede, basal groepering het die MSO-isolaat, VVGe 0422, 0423 en 0424, en nie-patogeniese isolate bevat. In teenstelling met die eersgenoemde groepering wat hoogs virulente isolate van uiebolle bevat het, het die basale groepering isolate bevat wat meestal matig virulent was. Die inkongruensie van die VF-1α en mtKSE-datastelle met ‘n intergeen-gespasieerde (IGS) area datastel – asook die teenwoordigheid van beide PT-idiomorwe binne dieselfde isolaat by sommige isolate – het op ’n moontlike uitruiling van genetiese materiaal tussen isolate gedui. Die tweede doel van die studie was om molekulêre metodes te ontwikkel vir die identifisering van die twee hoof Focep VVGe (0425 en 0421) deur gebruik te maak van DNA-vingerafdrukke en nukleotied-gekarakteriseerde geamplifiseerde area (NKAA) merkers. Hierdie tegnieke is ontwikkel deur van die F. oxysporum-isolate van die eerste doelstelling gebruik te maak en is daarna gebruik om die frekwensie van VVG 0425 onder 88 ongekarakteriseerde F. oxysporum-isolate van uiebolle in Suid-Afrika te ondersoek. Twee gerandomiseerde geamplifiseerde polimorfiese DNS (RAPD) merkers het twee diagnostiese nukleotiedbasis-areas vir VVG 0425 gelewer, maar pogings om NKAA-merkers uit hierdie geamplifiseerde nukleotiedbasis-areas te onwikkel was onsuksesvol. In teenstelling hiermee het ‘n inter-retrotransposon geamplifiseerde polimorfisme (IRAP) vingerafdrukmetode die ontwikkeling van ‘n multipleks IR-NKAA polimerase kettingreaksiemetode moontlik gemaak wat die VVG 0421-, VVG 0425- en ELV 4-isolate as ’n groep aangedui het. Vingerafdruktoetsing en NKAA-merkertoetsing van die 88 ongekaraktariseerde F. oxysporum isolate van Suid-Afrika (65 Focep en 23 nie-patogenies) het bevestig dat VVG 0425 die hoof VVG in Suid-Afrika is wat met volwasse bolle geassosieer word, aangesien 63 van die Focep-isolate die molekulêre eienskappe van VVG 0425 gehad het. Die derde doel van die studie was om vas te stel of saad en saailinge inokulumbronne van Focep is, en of dieselfde genotipe (VVG 0425) wat op volwasse bolle dominant is, waargeneem kon word op hierdie bronne. Focep-isolate is verkry van sewe van die 13 uiesaadlotte asook van uiesaailinge wat in al vyf uiesaailingkwekerye in die Wes-Kaap versamel is. Focep-saailinginfeksie was meer as dubbel in die 14-week groeistadium as wat dit in die 6-week stadium was. Saadinfeksies deur Focep was laag, maar die saadgedraagde aard van Focep is bevestig deur aan te toon dat ’n Focep-transformant wat met ‘n groen fluoreserende proteïen geëtiketeer is, van geïnfekteerde grond na uiesaad oorgedra kon word via die uiebolle en -saadstele. Dit is dus duidelik dat kommersiële saad en saailinge as inokulumbronne van Focep dien. Die Focep-genotipes op saad en saailinge verskil egter van dié in volwasse bolle en is nie deur VVG 0425 gedomineer nie. Verder was die meeste (≤ 60%) saad- en saailingisolate matig virulent, in teenstelling met die meestal hoogs virulente isolate uit volwasse bolle.
Książki na temat "Soil borne diseases- Fusarium"
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European Foundation for Plant Pathology. Conference. Biotic interactionsand soil-borne diseases. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1991.
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Jenkins, Rob. Advances in soil-borne plant diseases. Jaipur, India: Oxford Book Co., 2010.
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K, Sarbhoy A., Gangawane L. V i Agarwal D. K, red. Compendium of soil borne plant pathogens. New Delhi: Malhotra Pub. House, 1987.
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Adams, M. J. Soil-borne mosaic viruses of cereals: The UK situation. London: Home-Grown Cereals Authority, 1992.
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D, Hornby, i Cook R. James 1937-, red. Biological control of soil-borne plant pathogens. Wallingford [England]: CAB International, 1990.
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Akhtar, C. M. Biological control of some soil borne vegetable diseases: Final report. [Faisalabad], Pakistan: University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 1989.
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James, Robert L. Effects of preplant soil treatments on Fusarium and Trichoderma populations and fungal root colonization of 2-0 nondiseased western white pine seedlings - USDA Forest Service Nursery, Coeur d'Alene, Idaho. Missoula, MT: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Region, 2002.
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R, Beemster A. B., red. Biotic interactions and soil-borne diseases: Proceedings of the First Conference of the European Foundation for Plant Pathology. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1991.
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James, Robert L. Effects of spring applications of dazomet on root diseases and performance of Douglas-fir and western white pine transplants, USDA Forest Service Nursery, Coeur d'Alene, Idaho. Missoula, MT: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Region, 2002.
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James, Robert L. An evaluation of the effects of dazomet on soil-borne diseases and conifer seedling production: USDA Forest Service Lucky Peak Nursery, Boise, Idaho. Missoula, MT: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Region, 1999.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "Soil borne diseases- Fusarium"
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Ndayihanzamaso, Privat, Sheryl Bothma, Diane Mostert, George Mahuku i Altus Viljoen. "An Optimised Greenhouse Protocol for Screening Banana Plants for Fusarium Wilt Resistance". W Efficient Screening Techniques to Identify Mutants with TR4 Resistance in Banana, 65–77. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-64915-2_5.
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AbstractFusarium wilt, caused by the soil-borne fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), is considered one of the most devastating diseases of banana in the world. Effective management of Fusarium wilt is only achieved by planting banana varieties resistant to Foc. Resistant bananas, however, require many years of breeding and field-testing under multiple geographical conditions. Field evaluation is reliable but time consuming and expensive. Small plant screening methods are, therefore, needed to speed up the evaluation of banana varieties for Foc resistance. To this end, a small plant screening method for resistance to banana Fusarium wilt is presented. The method proposes the planting of 2- to 3-month-old banana plants in soil amended with 10 g Foc-colonised millet seeds. Rhizome discoloration is then evaluated to rank the disease resistance response. The optimized millet seed technique could be useful in mass screening of newly developed genotypes for resistance to Foc.
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Khiabani, Behnam Naserian. "In Vitro Based Mass-Screening Technique for Early Selection of Banana Mutants Resistant to Fusarium Wilt". W Efficient Screening Techniques to Identify Mutants with TR4 Resistance in Banana, 47–63. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-64915-2_4.
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AbstractBanana and plantains are among the most valuable agricultural commodities in the world. Banana Fusarium wilt, caused by the soil-borne Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), is one of the most devastating diseases of banana globally. In the 1990s a new strain of Fusarium oxysporum called tropical race 4 (TR4) emerged in Southeast Asia that affected commercial Cavendish plantations. The development of resistant cultivars is an effective strategy for management of the disease. Field-based screening to identify Foc-resistant plants is time-consuming, expensive and is often challenged by variable environmental conditions. Here we present an early selection protocol enabling evaluation of the disease under in vitro conditions. This method provides a preliminary screening and allows evaluation of a large number of in vitro plantlets. Using this method, within a short time and in a small laboratory, breeders can evaluate thousands of banana plantlets, produced via irradiation. Subsequently, putative, disease-resistant mutant lines can be identified and evaluated in the field.
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Stouvenakers, Gilles, Peter Dapprich, Sebastien Massart i M. Haïssam Jijakli. "Plant Pathogens and Control Strategies in Aquaponics". W Aquaponics Food Production Systems, 353–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15943-6_14.
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AbstractAmong the diversity of plant diseases occurring in aquaponics, soil-borne pathogens, such as Fusarium spp., Phytophthora spp. and Pythium spp., are the most problematic due to their preference for humid/aquatic environment conditions. Phytophthora spp. and Pythium spp. which belong to the Oomycetes pseudo-fungi require special attention because of their mobile form of dispersion, the so-called zoospores that can move freely and actively in liquid water. In coupled aquaponics, curative methods are still limited because of the possible toxicity of pesticides and chemical agents for fish and beneficial bacteria (e.g. nitrifying bacteria of the biofilter). Furthermore, the development of biocontrol agents for aquaponic use is still at its beginning. Consequently, ways to control the initial infection and the progression of a disease are mainly based on preventive actions and water physical treatments. However, suppressive action (suppression) could happen in aquaponic environment considering recent papers and the suppressive activity already highlighted in hydroponics. In addition, aquaponic water contains organic matter that could promote establishment and growth of heterotrophic bacteria in the system or even improve plant growth and viability directly. With regards to organic hydroponics (i.e. use of organic fertilisation and organic plant media), these bacteria could act as antagonist agents or as plant defence elicitors to protect plants from diseases. In the future, research on the disease suppressive ability of the aquaponic biotope must be increased, as well as isolation, characterisation and formulation of microbial plant pathogen antagonists. Finally, a good knowledge in the rapid identification of pathogens, combined with control methods and diseases monitoring, as recommended in integrated plant pest management, is the key to an efficient control of plant diseases in aquaponics.
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Seifert, Horst S. H. "Soil-borne Diseases". W Tropical Animal Health, 271–323. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0147-6_6.
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Hasegawa, Shinsaku, Fujio Kodama i Norio Kondo. "Soil-Borne Diseases in Japan". W ACS Symposium Series, 417–25. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1991-0449.ch030.
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Fortunato, Alessandro Antônio, Fabrício A. Rodrigues i Lawrence E. Datnoff. "Silicon Control of Soil-borne and Seed-borne Diseases". W Silicon and Plant Diseases, 53–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22930-0_3.
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Chiaramonte, Josiane Barros, Lucas William Mendes i Rodrigo Mendes. "Rhizosphere Microbiome and Soil-Borne Diseases". W Rhizosphere Biology: Interactions Between Microbes and Plants, 155–68. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6125-2_7.
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Shafi, Zaryab, Talat Ilyas, Mohammad Shahid, Shailesh K. Vishwakarma, Deepti Malviya, Bavita Yadav, Pramod K. Sahu i in. "Microbial Management of Fusarium Wilt in Banana: A Comprehensive Overview". W Detection, Diagnosis and Management of Soil-borne Phytopathogens, 413–35. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8307-8_17.
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Kiritani, Keizi, Fusao Nakasuji i Shun’ichi Miyai. "Systems Approaches for Management of Insect-Borne Rice Diseases". W Advances in Soil Science, 57–80. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4688-6_3.
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Weingartner, D. P. "Potato Viruses with Soil-borne Vectors". W Virus and Virus-like Diseases of Potatoes and Production of Seed-Potatoes, 177–94. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0842-6_19.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenia konferencji na temat "Soil borne diseases- Fusarium"
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Kiruthiga, C., i K. Dharmarajan. "Machine Learning in Soil Borne Diseases, Soil Data Analysis & Crop Yielding: A Review". W 2023 International Conference on Intelligent and Innovative Technologies in Computing, Electrical and Electronics (IITCEE). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iitcee57236.2023.10091016.
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Bogoescu, Marian, i Daniela Iorga. "-97- Prevention and control of nematodes and soil borne diseases by grafting peppers". W VII South-Eastern Europe Syposium on Vegetables & Potatoes. University of Maribor Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-045-5.71.
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Chen, A., M. Jacob, G. Shoshani, M. Dafny-Yelin, O. Degani i O. Rabinovitz. "25. Early detection of soil-borne diseases in field crops via remote sensing". W 13th European Conference on Precision Agriculture. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-916-9_25.
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Morton, Vince. "A Review of Chemical Seed Treatments for Control of Seed and Soil Borne Diseases". W Proceedings of the 1995 Integrated Crop Management Conference. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/icm-180809-532.
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Rippa, Massimo, Andrea Pasqualini, Pasquale Mormile i Catello Pane. "Infrared imaging for proximal and remote detection of soil-borne diseases on wild rocket". W Remote Sensing for Agriculture, Ecosystems, and Hydrology XXV, redaktorzy Christopher M. Neale i Antonino Maltese. SPIE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2679125.
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Ratti, Claudio, Marco De Biagg, Piergiorgio Stevanato, Rita Resea, Enrico Biancardi i Concepcion Rubies Autonell. "A Multiplex RT-PCR assay for sugar-beet soil-borne virus diseases survey in Italy". W 33rd Biennial Meeting of American Society of Sugarbeet Technologist. ASSBT, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.5274/assbt.2005.51.
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Ahmed MAHMOOD, Abeer. "ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF AIR BORNE FUNGI IN HOUSE 'S ROOMS OF MOSUL CITY AND RELATION OF SENSITIVITY DISEASES". W VI.International Scientific Congress of Pure,Applied and Technological Sciences. Rimar Academy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/minarcongress6-50.
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This study was conducted to isolate fungi from air of (bedroom, kitchen and sitting room) of two (2) houses in fifteen (15) areas of east and west side of Mosul city which largest in the north of Iraq. A total of 165 fungal colonies (88in west,77 in east) were isolated ,the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, Alternaria, Cladosporium, Heliminthosporium, Stemphylium, Botrytis. Penicillium was most prevalent fungal genera 38% in Wadihajar and the 10% in Masarif ,also Aspergillus 14% in east side and 6% in old city of west side of Mosul then Alternaria with rate of 5% in Masarif , 4% in old city and Cladosporium in Wadihajar, Khadraa with rate 3%, in each other .Using Czapek yeast extract(CYA), Malt extract agar(MEA) and 25% Glycerol nitrate agar (G25N)showed Penicillium italicum was most fungal species recorded in Wadihajar(22colonies in bedroom)Also, Penicillium digitatum was recorded in Wadihajar and Yarmouk, Aspergillus niger dominant in Masarif (4 in bedroom and sitting room in same house). . Generally, Wadihajar and Amil district were most contaminated in east and Masarif, Hadba in west reflexes of that 50- 40% of People in Masarif ,50- 16.6% in Muhandisin in east side of Mosul and 28.5% in Yarmouk district in west side suffered from respiratory allergic disease.
Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Soil borne diseases- Fusarium"
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Kistler, Harold Corby, i Talma Katan. Identification of DNA Unique to the Tomato Fusarium Wilt and Crown Rot Pathogens. United States Department of Agriculture, wrzesień 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7571359.bard.
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Wilt and crown rot are two important diseases of tomato caused by different strains ("formae speciales") of the fungus, Fusarium oxysporum. While both pathogens are members of the same fungal species, each differs genetically and resistance to the diseases is controlled by different genes in the plant. Additionally, the formae speciales differ in their ecology (e.g. optimal temperature of disease development) and epidemiology. Nevertheless, the distinction between these diseases based on symptoms alone may be unclear due to overlapping symptomatology. We have found in our research that the ambiguity of the pathogens is further confounded because strains causing tomato wilt or crown rot each may belong to several genetically and phylogenetically distinct lineages of F. oxysporum. Furthermore, individual lineages of the pathogen causing wilt or crown rot may themselves be very closely related. The diseases share the characteristic that the pathogen's inoculum may be aerially dispersed. This work has revealed a complex evolutionary relationship among lineages of the pathogens that makes development of molecular diagnostic methods more difficult than originally anticipated. However, the degree of diversity found in these soil-borne pathogens has allowed study of their population genetics and patterns of dispersal in agricultural settings.
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Cohen, Roni, Kevin Crosby, Menahem Edelstein, John Jifon, Beny Aloni, Nurit Katzir, Haim Nerson i Daniel Leskovar. Grafting as a strategy for disease and stress management in muskmelon production. United States Department of Agriculture, styczeń 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7613874.bard.
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The overall objective of this research was to elucidate the horticultural, pathological, physiological and molecular factors impacting melon varieties (scion) grafted onto M. cannonballus resistant melon and squash rootstocks. Specific objectives were- to compare the performance of resistant melon germplasm (grafted and non-grafted) when exposed to M. cannoballus in the Lower Rio Grande valley and the Wintergarden, Texas, and in the Arava valley, Israel; to address inter-species relationships between a Monosporascus resistant melon rootstock and susceptible melon scions in terms of fruit-set, fruit quality and yield; to study the factors which determine the compatibility between the rootstock and the scion in melon; to compare the responses of graft unions of differing compatibilities under disease stress, high temperatures, deficit irrigation, and salinity stress; and to investigate the effect of rootstock on stress related gene expression in the scion. Some revisions were- to include watermelon in the Texas investigations since it is much more economically important to the state, and also to evaluate additional vine decline pathogens Didymella bryoniae and Macrophomina phaseolina. Current strategies for managing vine decline rely heavily on soil fumigation with methyl bromide, but restrictions on its use have increased the need for alternative management strategies. Grafting of commercial melon varieties onto resistant rootstocks with vigorous root systems is an alternative to methyl bromide for Monosporascus root rot/vine decline (MRR/VD) management in melon production. Extensive selection and breeding has already produced potential melon rootstock lines with vigorous root systems and disease resistance. Melons can also be grafted onto Cucurbita spp., providing nonspecific but efficient protection from a wide range of soil-borne diseases and against some abiotic stresses, but compatibility between the scion and the rootstock can be problematic. During the first year experiments to evaluate resistance to the vine decline pathogens Monosporascus cannonballus, Didymella bryoniae, and Macrophomina phaseolina in melon and squash rootstocks proved the efficacy of these grafted plants in improving yield and quality. Sugars and fruit size were better in grafted versus non-grafted plants in both Texas and Israel. Two melons (1207 and 124104) and one pumpkin, Tetsukabuto, were identified as the best candidate rootstocks in Texas field trials, while in Israel, the pumpkin rootstock RS59 performed best. Additionally, three hybrid melon rootstocks demonstrated excellent resistance to both M. cannonballus and D. bryoniae in inoculated tests, suggesting that further screening for fruit quality and yield should be conducted. Experiments with ABA in Uvalde demonstrated a significant increase in drought stress tolerance and concurrent reduction in transplant shock due to reduced transpiration for ‘Caravelle’ plants. In Israel, auxin was implicated in reducing root development and contributing to increased hydrogen peroxide, which may explain incompatibility reactions with some squash rootstocks. However, trellised plants responded favorably to auxin (NAA) application at the time of fruit development. Gene expression analyses in Israel identified several cDNAs which may code for phloem related proteins, cyclins or other factors which impact the graft compatibility. Manipulation of these genes by transformation or traditional breeding may lead to improved rootstock cultivars. Commercial applications of the new melon rootstocks as well as the ABA and TIBA growth regulators have potential to improve the success of grafted melons in both Israel and Texas. The disease resistance, fruit quality and yield data generated by the field trials will help producers in both locations to decide what rootstock/scion combinations will be best.