Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Soical policy

Spis treści

  1. Artykuły w czasopismach
  2. Rozprawy doktorskie
  3. Książki
  4. Części książek
  5. Streszczenia konferencji
  6. Raporty organizacyjne

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Soical policy”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 29 lipca 2024
Data aktualizacji: 31 lipca 2024

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Soical policy"

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Thomson, PC, K. Rose i NE Kok. "The behavioural ecology of dingoes in north-western Australia. V. Population dynamics and variation in the soical system". Wildlife Research 19, nr 5 (1992): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9920565.

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Between 1975 and 1984, 105 radio-collared dingoes, Canis familiaris dingo, were tracked and observed from aircraft on the Fortescue River in Western Australia. The majority of dingoes were members of 18 territorial packs, including four pairs. Five packs were monitored for more than three years. Most bitches became pregnant, including those 9-10 months old, although not all litters were raised. Packs raised an average of 1.1 litters per year. Instances of packs raising the litters of two bitches in a year were recorded. The area (up to 400km*2) was covered initially (1975-78) by a mosaic of stable pack territories. Little emigration occurred and population density rose to a peak of 22.2 dingoes per 100km*2 in 1978 due to an increase in pack size. Perturbations to the social system, including disintegration of some packs, an increase in emigration, shifts of pack territories and contraction of territories into the most favoured areas, coincided with high population density and a reduced food supply. After aerial baiting in 1980 killed all the dingoes from the study site, immigrants from surrounding areas established a new population. The increase in density was moderated by the formation of new pairs or packs that occupied surrounding vacant areas. The dispersal strategy of pack members was a major factor affecting the population density of dingoes in the study area.
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x, Baisakhi. "A Needed Policy on Soil Conservation: A Case Study of India". International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 12, nr 1 (5.01.2023): 249–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/sr221212124539.

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Pullin, Mark. "Soicial Factors and Citizens' Perception of the Police". Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 9, nr 9 (17.09.2022): 302–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.99.13111.

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Research examining citizen perception of the police have typically looked at expanded views of how the police interact in the community. By narrowing the focus to encompass two principles that associate citizen satisfaction with and perceptions of the police, this paper will include areas that influence satisfaction directly from citizens toward police officers themselves. Moreover, recent research stresses the importance of police/citizen relationships for positive outcomes to occur after interaction. Research regarding race and ethnicity of the citizen is reviewed as well as youth and age to provide context for this article. Demographic variables have been shown to have an impact of citizen perception of the police thus affecting how they view the police and government agencies. Police literature is reviewed as to how these demographics contribute to neighborhood level changes in attitudes toward police officers. Community policing literature and the effects it has on neighborhood social cohesion and collective efficacy is also included. This will lead into a discussion of neighborhood social cohesion and collective efficacy and their impact on citizen perceptions of the police.
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LIN, Guodong, Xiao LV i Shandong NIU. "Analysis of China’s black soil protection policy text under the framework of “policy path-policy tools-policy evaluation”". 资源科学 45, nr 5 (2023): 900–912. http://dx.doi.org/10.18402/resci.2023.05.02.

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Alviar, Mauricio. "Soil conservation as development policy". Lecturas de Economía, nr 45 (25.03.2010): 7–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17533/udea.le.n45a4953.

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El artículo muestra la importancia de desarrollar prácticas agrícolas de tipo conservacionista toda vez que tales prácticas tienen efectos positivos, no solo sobre el grado de sostenibilidad de la producción agrícola sino también sobre los ingresos de los productores. La erosión de los suelos se plantea como un problema real para mantener los niveles de producción agrícola. En términos generales, la erosión se presenta como una externalidad negativa en el sentido de que su efecto de mediano y largo plazo recae sobre el bienestar de agentes no involucrados en el proceso de producción. Sin embargo, los productores directos también se ven afectados por que la productividad de la tierra disminuye y por tanto los beneficios asociados a la producción se reducen en el tiempo. Dos acciones complementarias para contrarrestar los efectos de la erosión y hacer una asignación eficiente de los recursos se proponen en este artículo. La primera es el uso de tecnologías apropiadas y la segunda es considerar la erosión como un costo de producción y, por esa vía internalizar el daño causado a la tierra.
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Bartkowski, Bartosz, Stephan Bartke, Nina Hagemann, Bernd Hansjürgens i Christoph Schröter-Schlaack. "Application of the governance disruptions framework to German agricultural soil policy". SOIL 7, nr 2 (4.08.2021): 495–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-495-2021.

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Abstract. Governance of natural resources is inherently complex and requires navigating trade-offs at multiple dimensions. In this paper, we present and operationalize the “governance disruptions framework” (GDF) as a tool for holistic analysis of natural resource governance systems. For each of the four dimensions of the framework (target adequacy, object adequacy, instrument adequacy, and behavioural adequacy), we formulate guiding questions to be used when applying the framework to particular governance systems. We then demonstrate the use of GDF by applying it to the core of German agricultural soil policy. We show that for each framework dimension, the governance system exhibits deficits, particularly with respect to object adequacy and instrument adequacy. Furthermore, we use the GDF-based analysis to highlight research gaps. We find that stakeholder analyses are a central gap across GDF dimensions.
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Pannell, David. "Soil Carbon Policy Faces Big Challenges". EuroChoices 20, nr 2 (sierpień 2021): 46–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1746-692x.12323.

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Frantz, Janet E., i Hajime Sato. "The fertile soil for policy learning". Policy Sciences 38, nr 2-3 (wrzesień 2005): 159–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11077-005-2563-3.

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van der Putten, Wim H., Richard D. Bardgett, Monica Farfan, Luca Montanarella, Johan Six i Diana H. Wall. "Soil biodiversity needs policy without borders". Science 379, nr 6627 (6.01.2023): 32–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abn7248.

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Bouma, Johan. "Transforming living labs into lighthouses: a promising policy to achieve land-related sustainable development". SOIL 8, nr 2 (14.12.2022): 751–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-751-2022.

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Abstract. The previous rather abstract debate about sustainable development has been focused by the introduction of the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2015 and the related European Union (EU) Green Deal (GD) in 2019. Restricting attention to agriculture, proposed targets and indicators are, however, not specific enough to allow a focus for developing innovative and sustainable management practices. Clarity is needed because farmers are suspicious of governmental actions. To confront these problems, the European Commission (EC) has presented the Mission concept that requires joint learning between farmers, scientists and citizens. For the soil mission, “living labs” are proposed that should evolve into “lighthouses” when environmental thresholds for each of at least six land-related ecosystem services are met. This presents “wicked” problems that can be “tamed” by measuring indicators for ecosystem services that are associated with the land-related SDGs in a given living lab. Thresholds with a character that is occasionally regional are needed to separate the “good” from the “not yet good enough”. Contributions by the soil to ecosystem services can be expressed by assessing soil health. By introducing the mission concept, the policy arena challenges the research community to rise to the occasion by developing effective interaction models with farmers and citizens that can be the foundation for innovative and effective environmental rules and regulations. We argue and illustrate with a specific example, that establishing Living Labs can be an important, if not essential, contribution to realizing the lofty goals of the SDGs and the Green Deal as they relate to agriculture.
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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Soical policy"

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Newman, James Kenneth. "Soil erosion prediction for shaping conservation policy and practice". [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2010. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3403858.

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Pinsker, Nathan. "Phytoremediation of PCB Contaminated Soil: Effectiveness and Regulatory Policy". VCU Scholars Compass, 2011. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2404.

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The purpose of this paper was to combine available peer-reviewed literature on PCB phytoremediation and make direct comparisons using ANCOVA statistics in order to determine if and what plants are presently a viable option for the remediation of PCB contaminated soils. Pumpkin (Curbita pepo cv Howden) consistently had the top root and shoot concentrations, as well as total plant accumulation. Their consistency shows that they can be reliable in the field and the most viable option. Tall fescue and sedge were also top contenders. Due to the small sample size for many plants and accounting for several confounding variables, very few of plant species and groups showed to be significantly better at PCB accumulation. PCB phytoremediation can be used in conjunction with other technologies or as an early action plan to begin decreasing PCB concentration levels as well as contain the PCBs, thereby preventing any release.
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Green, Emma. "Pesticide policy changes in the European Union". Thesis, Imperial College London, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295879.

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Falconer, Katherine. "Environmental policy and the use of agricultural pesticides". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/271974.

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Gershenson, Alexander. "Notes from the underground: the science and policy of soil carbon /". Diss., Digital Dissertations Database. Restricted to UC campuses, 2007. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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Russell, Fiona Jane. "Participation in the development of UK regulatory policy for pesticides". Thesis, Open University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314813.

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Tchale, Hardwick. "Agricultural policy and soil fertility management in the maize-based smallholder farming system in Malawi /". Frankfurt am Main [. a.] : Lang, 2006. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/516806971.pdf.

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Horrocks, Claire Alice. "Intensive agriculture to semi-natural grassland : evaluating changes in ecosystem service provision to help determine costs and benefits of agri-environment schemes". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/8285.

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Intensive agriculture has led to an increase in production; however this has often coincided with a decline in the provision of other Ecosystem Services (ES). ES affected include those regulated by soil chemical, physical and biological properties such as biodiversity provision and the regulation of nutrient cycling, water quality and rates of greenhouse gas emissions. A growing awareness of the value of nonproduction ES to human health and wellbeing has encouraged the funding of agrienvironment schemes in the UK, through which farmers receive funding to alter management practices to increase the provision of certain ES. One particular management change encouraged through agricultural payments is the creation of species rich grassland (SRG) on former intensively managed (IM) arable or grassland sites. Under these schemes farmers are required to carry out an extensification of management practices by reducing or ceasing fertiliser application, grazing and cultivation, or removing the existing crop or sward and sowing a specified seed mix of desired grassland species. Despite the commitment of substantial sums of money and land to extensification schemes, there has been little research into the extent to which they enhance provision of multiple ES and the potential for the legacy of intensive agriculture to limit ES provision and greatly reduce the value of extensification. This study aimed to: 1) compare soil properties between sites remaining under intensive management and those that had undergone extensification; 2) relate soil properties to; fluxes of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O), plant diversity, soil microbial diversity and concentrations of nutrients in leachate from intensively and extensively managed sites in order to determine potential benefits of extensification. Paired field plots were established on working farms in south east Scotland and at Rothamsted Research North Wyke in south west England. Each of the four plot pairs in Scotland consisted of a newly created SRG on former arable land and an adjacent IM plot. The SRG plots ranged in age from 3 to nine years old in 2010. Soil samples were collected from the Scottish sites twice yearly in 2010 and 2011, alongside regular measurements of N2O fluxes from soil and assessment of plant diversity. At North Wyke four replicated SRG plots, forming part of an existing experiment on former intensive grassland, were each paired with an IM plot. Soil samples were analysed for their chemical and physical properties and for the concentration of certain phospholipid derived fatty acids (PLFA) biomarkers to compare the composition and size of the soil microbial community. Soil N2O fluxes and the nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations of soil water samples measured in 2010 and 2011. Results from more intensive N2O flux measurements, conducted in 2012, were compared to model output from the UK-DNDC model to assess its potential for predicting changes in N2O emissions following extensification. No significant difference was found in any soil chemical or physical properties between paired IM and SRG plots in Scotland, although soil bulk density tended to be lower in the older SRG plots relative to the paired IM plots. Nitrous oxide emissions were low from all plots with only an occasional emissions peak being recorded and overall there was no significant effect of management intensity on soil N2O fluxes. The UK-DNDC model outputs were generally of a similar order of magnitude but poorly correlated with measured N2O fluxes and soil water and available N content. Botanical diversity was enhanced in the SRGs compared to the IM plots, though plant species were mostly of low conservation value and indicative of a high nutrient environment and the diversity of the SRG plots was low, compared to long-established semi-natural grassland elsewhere in Europe. Total soil PLFA concentration was significantly higher in the IM plots but the fungal concentration and the ratio of Gram positive:Gram negative bacteria were no greater in the SRG, suggesting it had begun to resemble long-term unimproved grassland. Despite limited success at obtaining soil water samples, at North Wyke concentrations of mineral N in soil water were lower from the SRG plots than the IM plots, although there were no consistent differences in total P or organic N concentrations, organic N contributed over 80% of the total N in soil water samples from the SRG plots. This study has shown that the legacy of intensive agriculture continues to affect soil properties for at least 10 years following extensification. The results suggest that the potential for newly created SRGs to provide enhanced ES’ could be limited and may not justify the reduction in productivity and the financial input associated with shortterm extensification schemes.
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Piagentini, Nejma Danielle. "The science and policy that compels the wetland mitigation of phosphate-mined lands". [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001803.

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Borregaard, Nicola. "An international environmental effect of the Common Agricultural Policy : soil erosion through soya bean production in Argentina". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.259668.

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Książki na temat "Soical policy"

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Dakers, Sonya. Agricultural soil conservation: Federal policy. Ottawa, Ont: Library of Parliament, Research Branch, 1996.

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Conservation, New York (State) Dept of Environmental. Cleanup policy and guidelines. Albany, NY: New York State Dept. of Environmental Conservation, 1991.

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Anderson, Jock R. Soil conservation in developing countries: Project and policy intervention. Washington, D.C: World Bank, 1990.

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Ginzky, Harald, Elizabeth Dooley, Irene L. Heuser, Emmanuel Kasimbazi, Robert Kibugi, Till Markus, Tianbao Qin i Oliver Ruppel, red. International Yearbook of Soil Law and Policy 2019. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52317-6.

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Ginzky, Harald, Elizabeth Dooley, Irene L. Heuser, Emmanuel Kasimbazi, Till Markus i Tianbao Qin, red. International Yearbook of Soil Law and Policy 2018. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00758-4.

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Ginzky, Harald, Irene L. Heuser, Tianbao Qin, Oliver C. Ruppel i Patrick Wegerdt, red. International Yearbook of Soil Law and Policy 2016. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42508-5.

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Ginzky, Harald, Elizabeth Dooley, Irene L. Heuser, Emmanuel Kasimbazi, Till Markus i Tianbao Qin, red. International Yearbook of Soil Law and Policy 2017. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68885-5.

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Ginzky, Harald, Fabiano De Andrade Corrêa, Elizabeth Dooley, Irene L. Heuser, Patricia Kameri-Mbote, Robert Kibugi i Oliver C. Ruppel, red. International Yearbook of Soil Law and Policy 2022. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-40609-6.

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Kuru, Assefa. Soil erosion and strategic state policy: The case of Ethiopia. Helsinki: Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Helsinki at Viikki, 1986.

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Steiner, Frederick R. Soil conservation in the United States: Policy and planning. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1990.

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Części książek na temat "Soical policy"

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Saha, Jayanta K., Rajendiran Selladurai, M. Vassanda Coumar, M. L. Dotaniya, Samaresh Kundu i Ashok K. Patra. "Soil Protection Policy". W Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World, 373–86. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4274-4_13.

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Smith, Stephen C., David Allee, Sandra S. Batie, A. C. Basu, Charles Benbrook, John Carlson, Emery N. Castle i in. "Policy". W Soil and Water Resources: Research Priorities for the Nation, 83–101. Madison, WI, USA: Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/1981.soilandwaterresources.c5.

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Webb, J., Jose L. Rubio i Michael A. Fullen. "Soil Quality and Policy". W Urban Pollution, 57–68. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119260493.ch5.

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Denner, J. M., i M. F. Lowe. "UK Contaminated Land Policy Developments". W Soil & Environment, 75–83. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0415-9_8.

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Hardeveld, W., D. Moet, A. Smits, L. H. M. Vroomen, K. Oudheusden, F. Timmermans, C. A. J. Denneman i in. "Soil and Sustainability: Dutch Policy". W Contaminated Soil ’95, 1605–18. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0421-0_201.

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Beckett, M. J., i D. L. Simms. "Assessing Contaminated Land: UK Policy and Practice". W Contaminated Soil, 285–93. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5181-5_34.

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Nair, Kodoth Prabhakaran. "Policy Making and Regulations". W Intelligent Soil Management for Sustainable Agriculture, 243–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15530-8_21.

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Marland, Gregg, Bruce A. McCarl i Uwe Schneider. "Soil Carbon: Policy and Economics". W Storing Carbon in Agricultural Soils: A Multi-Purpose Environmental Strategy, 101–17. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3089-1_5.

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Abid, Muhammad, Farhad Zulfiqar i Mohsin Raza. "Managing Electronic Waste Pollution: Policy Options and Challenges". W Soil Biology, 329–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26615-8_21.

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Pal, Subodh Chandra, i Rabin Chakrabortty. "Sociopolitical Policy Implication". W Climate Change Impact on Soil Erosion in Sub-tropical Environment, 127–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15721-9_8.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Soical policy"

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Licite, Ieva, i Dina Popluga. "THE MAPPING OF CLIMATE AND AGRICULTURAL POLICIES TARGETING ORGANIC SOIL MANAGEMENT: CASE STUDY FROM LATVIA". W 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/5.1/s23.099.

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Organic soil management and related climate and agriculture policy planning is emerging issue globally, at European Union (EU) level and nationally, especially for organic soil rich countries like Latvia and in a light of movement towards climate neutrality by 2050. Relatively small proportion of these soils by area significantly impact greenhouse gas (GHG) emission balance of many European countries including Latvia where organic soil management related GHG emissions make up to one third of GHG emissions associated with agriculture land management. Organic soil can act either as an effective carbon storage or as considerable source of greenhouse gas emissions. The effect achieved largely depends on the management practices applied and considering importance of agriculture support system - also on agriculture and climate policy planning. In this study we analyze top-down policy and legislative framework of organic soil management in Latvia to detect development pattern of the political importance of organic soil and to map normative and policy framework around this issue. We found that international policies, i.e. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and related European level agriculture and Climate policies i.e. European Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and Climate policy are drivers of organic soil management at national level. Study results show genesis of the organic soil issue, map political time frame and suggest further development needs.
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Kwiatek, Filip. "From analogue collection to multifunctional access". W SOIMA 2015: Unlocking Sound and Image Heritage. International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18146/soima2015.4.19.

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Polish audiovisual heritage is a very important part of the cultural legacy of the country. Unfortunately the use of and access to Polish audiovisual archives is still in its initial phases. The Polish Ministry of Culture and National Heritage has made great strides towards solving the problems of access and limitations of use. In 2009 the ministry established the National Audiovisual Institute (NInA), which prompted several digitization projects including collaborations between Polish Public TV, National Archives, museums and private collections. This paper highlights some of the creative uses of Poland’s audiovisual heritage and demonstrates how NInA has become an innovator and a leader in the audiovisual field in Poland and Eastern Europe.
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Lu, Qingshui, Zhiqiang Gao, Qiao Chen, Jicai Ning, Runhe Shi i Wei Gao. "Soil erosion, policy and management in China coastal zone". W SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications, redaktorzy Wei Gao, Thomas J. Jackson, Jinnian Wang i Ni-Bin Chang. SPIE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2021638.

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Humaida, Siti, Diana Nuvita i Dinda Ayu Kusumawati. "Analisis Aplikasi Media Tanam Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Tembakau Bes-NO H382 Pada Sistem Pembibitan Semi Float Bed". W Seminar Nasional Semanis Tani Polije 2021. Politeknik Negeri Jember, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25047/agropross.2021.205.

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Produktivitas tembakau Bes-NO H 382 sebagai bahan baku pembalut dan pembungkus cerutu sangat dipengaruhi oleh kualitas bibit. Mutu bibit akan terjamin apabila aplikasi media tanam sesuai dengan kebutuhan nutrisi untuk pertumbuhan bibit sekaligus mendukung daya adaptasi setelah pindah ke lapangan. Sistem pembibitan dengan pembibitan semi float bed merupakan upaya pengembangan sistem pembibitan modern yang menggunakan pottray sangat menghemat tenaga kerja dengan pertumbuhan bibit yang sehat dan seragam. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis aplikasi media tanam pada sistem pembibitan semi float bed terhadap pertumbuhan bibit tembakau Bes-NO H 382. Penelitian dilaksanakan di lahan pembibitan tembakau Politeknik Negeri Jember pada bulan Maret-Mei 2020. Metode Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) faktor tunggal dengan perlakuan berupa perbandingan komposisi media tanam sphagnum moss dan top soil, sedangkan uji lanjut menggunakan BNT 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 1) Pertumbuhan bibit tembakau Bes-NO H 382 pada sistem semi float bed dipengaruhi oleh aplikasi komposisi media tanam dengan hasil pertumbuhan bibit terbaik pada perlakuan komposisi sphagnum moss:top soil 90:10 dan 100:0 dengan rerata tinggi bibit 3,61-4,06 cm, diameter batang 2,48-2,54 mm, berat brangkasan basah 1,84-1,92 gram dan berat brangkasan kering 0,15-0,17 gram pada umur bibit 39 hss, 2) Jumlah daun tidak dipengaruhi oleh aplikasi media tanam tetapi daya adaptasi bibit sangat baik di lahan karena prosentase hidup bibit mencapai 75-100% pada semua perlakuan.
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Balachandran, Radhika. "Preparing Indian Youth for Fourth Industrial Revolution". W Tenth Pan-Commonwealth Forum on Open Learning. Commonwealth of Learning, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56059/pcf10.3948.

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In the 21st century, technological innovations that took decades to occur are being replaced in years, in some cases just months. These revolutionary technological breakthroughs present a unique opportunity for India to industrialize. With the right policy framework, India could use the democratic nature of technology to reindustrialize itself. This democratic nature of technology has allowed firms to overcome their country's legacy issues and become global leaders in various fields. This potential harnessed properly could help India industrialize and create global leaders from its soil. However, skilling, reskilling and upskilling are necessary conditions for actively allowing the participation of Indian youth in the sectors dominating the fourth industrial revolution. This paper analyses the Fourth Industrial Revolution, through crucial policy decisions taken by the Government of India, related to the skilling of youth.
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Licite, Ieva, i Dina Popluga. "IDENTIFICATION OF THE CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TARGETED MANAGEMENT PRACTICES FOR ORGANIC SOIL MANAGEMENT IN THE BALTIC REGION". W 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s19.38.

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Organic soils can be a major source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in countries with high peat soil coverage, and emissions are observed in both sectors of agriculture and land use, land use change and forestry. This phenomenon is well-known and persistent in the Nordic part of Europe, but proper soil management practices are not often exhaustively understood and present. This study aims to assess the current situation by identifying the climate change mitigation (CCM) targeted management practices on organic soils managed for agriculture in the Baltic region. We did an expert questionnaire and screened the climate change and agriculture-related policy documents by identifying implemented or politically supported practices in the researched countries and looking for GHG mitigation practices with the most significant future potential. The assessment revealed a general lack of proper policy planning around organic soil management, a lack of direct measures and quantitative GHG mitigation estimates allowing adequate monitoring and reporting of the GHG effects into national GHG inventory reports; however, the situation differs among countries. Guidance on potential GHG mitigation through organic soil management suggests six management practices with the potentially most significant potential in the temperate cool and moist climate zone - conversion of cropland used for cereal production into grassland considering periodic ploughing, controlled drainage of grassland considering even groundwater level during the whole vegetation period, the introduction of legumes in conventional farm crop rotation, agroforestry of fast-growing trees and grass, conventional afforestation and paludiculture by afforestation of grassland with black alder and birch.
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BEILICCI, Robert Florin, i Erika Beata Maria BEILICCI. "Advance Hydraulic Modelling of Irrigation Systems, Study Case Protect Agro Baba Ana Mizil Irrigation System 1155 ha, Romania". W Air and Water – Components of the Environment 2024 Conference Proceedings. Casa Cărţii de Ştiinţă, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/awc2024_11.

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Investment "Modernization of irrigation system O.U.A.I. PROTECT AGRO BABA ANA MIZIL" is located in Prahova County, in the suburbs of the Mizil locality in the perimeter of the AHC Campia Buzaului complex development, in the irrigation system related to Plot SPP3 on Canal West 2. The total land area served by the SPP3/CV2 plot is 2171 ha, and the net area is 2076 ha. Through its rural development policy, the EU aims to help rural areas face the multiple economic, social and environmental challenges that the 21st century brings. This policy forms the second pillar of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). Climate change has an impact on existing water resources, especially in rural areas. Considering the poor adaptation of the existing infrastructure to the new agricultural structures, the sector remains vulnerable to climatic conditions (alternating drought and frequent floods), with significant economic effects on the economic viability of farms. This problem becomes much more acute in the context of global warming. Through their action, land improvement works (irrigation, drainage - drainage works and CES) contribute to the recovery of the land and induce beneficial effects on environmental factors: soil, water, air, supporting, once more, the inclusion of these works in the category those of public utility of national strategic interest. The case study is part of the National Strategic Program 2023-2027 - program financed by the European Union and the Government of Romania through measure DR-25 - Modernization of irrigation infrastructure The presented method allows the optimization of pipe dimensioning, respectively of the pressure and transported water discharge to irrigation capacity.
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Salah, Ahmad, Mahmoud Sodangi, Eyad Sameer Derdas, Jawad Nadhem Al Nasser i Ayad Abdulrahman Alshehri. "Analysis of Factors Affecting the Performance of Dynamic Compaction Technique: A Study of Coastal Area of Eastern Province in Saudi Arabia". W The 2nd International Conference on Civil Infrastructure and Construction. Qatar University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/cic.2023.0067.

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Coastal areas of the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia have soil with low bearing capacity due to saturation with water, high contents of salt and inclusion of organic materials. The dynamic compaction (DC) technique, which is the most prevalent method for soil improvement in the area has not been effective in terms of cost, safety, and serviceability of the buildings. Thus, this paper aims to identify and assess the factors that prevent the efficient soil improvement performance using dynamic compaction technique. The desktop search and expert-based survey were used for data collection while the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was employed to analyze and prioritize the factors. The results indicate "difficulty in using the DC technique within 30m from buildings and 15m from underground services" as the most crucial factor. Above all, the practical and managerial implications implied in this paper are targeting a more efficient DC technique for soil improvement particularly in coastal areas of the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia with expansive spread of Sabkha soil. Thus, the findings are expected to provide support to policy and decision makers in overcoming the performance shortfalls of DC technique.
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WRZASZCZ, Wioletta. "THE CAP GREENING EFFECTS – THE POLISH EXPERIENCE". W RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.212.

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In 2015 greening requirements were implemented. All farmers entitled to the Single Area Payment are obliged to implement greening, depending on agricultural surface and structure. Presently, 30% of the national financial envelope is connected with greening. Legal rules obliged farmers to more environmental friendly farms` organization. The European Commission regulations indicated the importance of crop diversification in the context of soil quality improvement, the maintenance of permanent grasslands in order to ensure the carbon sequestration, soil protection and biodiversity, as well as the maintenance of ecological focus areas that guarantees biodiversity at the farm level. The aim of the paper is to present the farms` organizational changes and outcomes after the implementation of greening mechanism. Polish FADN data were used for 2014 and 2015, that covered 5.7 thousand farms. The research results indicated the farms` adaptation to greening requirements. The production capacity of the analysed FADN farms did not decrease after the greening mechanism introduction. Farmers combined production objectives with environmental ones, that was the result of farms` proper organization and enlarging agricultural land. The scope of changes introduced in plant production referring to the greening requirements was insignificant and concerned mainly larger farms (with arable land area of 15 ha and more). Farmers introduced the required organizational changes smoothly, mainly by increasing area under leguminous and papilionaceous plants. The environment-friendly farms’ organization before greening introduction facilitated their adaptation in 2015. In the short term, greening doesn’t cause negative productive and economic outcomes. In the longer perspective, greening environmental effects should contribute to factor productivity increase.
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Amarahmad Hasanova, Pari. "OPPORTUNITIES FOR USING INNOVATIVE POTENTIAL IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR". W III INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE. https://aem.az/, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/2021/2/1/04-06.

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The comprehensive development of regions in the modern era is the basis of the economic policy of the Azerbaijani state. Economic measures implemented by the head of state in the agricultural sector have a great impact on the socio-economic development of the country. The agricultural sector is an important part of the primary sector and plays a large role in the development of the country's economy. The modern era is a technological era, and regardless of its diversity, these technologies should be used as efficiently as possible. The studied methods and models play an important role in the production of high-quality and environmentally friendly products in the agricultural sector. For this, the use of modern innovative methods of information technology is of great importance. Key words: technology, innovation, agricultural sector, economic potential, erosion, soil research, innovative potential
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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Soical policy"

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Samaniego, Ricardo. Towards a Better Environmental Policy in the Productive Sectors of Latin America and the Caribbean: Recent Environmental Policy Experiences and Challenges in Mexico, Colombia, Bolivia, Brazil, and the. Inter-American Development Bank, kwiecień 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0007902.

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This presentation was commissioned by the Environment Network of the Regional Policy Dialogue for the I Hemispheric Meeting celebrated on April 4th and 5th, 2002. This presentation is about conditions for Success of Environmental Public Policies in Productive Sectors. Also includes environmental considerations and corrective measures in sectorial decision making as well as how pollution and degradation carry high social costs (illnesses, work absence, soil degradation and resource depletion). It presents conditions for sustainable development and to maintain competitiveness and growth possibilities for productive sectors.
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Douglas, Thomas A., Christopher A. Hiemstra, Miriam C. Jones i Jeffrey R. Arnold. Sources and Sinks of Carbon in Boreal Ecosystems of Interior Alaska : A Review. U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, lipiec 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41163.

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Boreal ecosystems store large quantities of carbon but are increasingly vulnerable to carbon loss due to disturbance and climate warming. The boreal region in Alaska and Canada, largely underlain by discontinuous permafrost, presents a challenging landscape for itemizing carbon sources and sinks in soil and vegetation. The roles of fire, forest succession, and the presence/absence of permafrost on carbon cycle, vegetation, and hydrologic processes have been the focus of multidisciplinary research in boreal ecosystems for the past 20 years. However, projections of a warming future climate, an increase in fire severity and extent, and the potential degradation of permafrost could lead to major landscape and carbon cycle changes over the next 20 to 50 years. To assist land managers in interior Alaska in adapting and managing for potential changes in the carbon cycle, this paper was developed incorporating an overview of the climate, ecosystem processes, vegetation, and soil regimes. The objective is to provide a synthesis of the most current carbon storage estimates and measurements to guide policy and land management decisions on how to best manage carbon sources and sinks. We provide recommendations to address the challenges facing land managers in efforts to manage carbon cycle processes. The results of this study can be used for carbon cycle management in other locations within the boreal biome which encompasses a broad distribution from 45° to 83° north.
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Zhou, Jiayi, Fei Su i Jingdong Yuan. Treading Lightly: China’s Footprint in a Taliban-led Afghanistan. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, listopad 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/ovbo3684.

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This SIPRI Insights Paper provides a preliminary assessment of China’s attitudes to and policies on Afghanistan since the August 2021 Taliban takeover. It examines the scope of China’s security, economic and humanitarian interests, and the depth of its engagement so far. It finds that China’s footprint has been minimal not only due to China’s non-interference policy but also to a range of broader challenges: the militant extremist groups that continue to operate on Afghan soil, the risks of investing in a country where the government remains unrecognized by any member of the international community and a fragile stability that is far from conducive to long-term planning. While there may be prospects and opportunities for China to contribute to Afghan stability and development, particularly from a broader regional perspective, current realities mean that China’s overall approach to Afghanistan will remain cautious, pragmatic and limited.
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Tsur, Yacov, David Zilberman, Uri Shani, Amos Zemel i David Sunding. Dynamic intraseasonal irrigation management under water scarcity, water quality, irrigation technology and environmental constraints. United States Department of Agriculture, marzec 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2007.7696507.bard.

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In this project we studied optimal use and adoption of sophisticated irrigation technologies. The stated objectives in the original proposal were to develop a conceptual framework for analyzing intra-season timing of water application rates with implications for crop and irrigation technology selection. We proposed to base the analysis on an intra-seasonal, dynamic, agro-economic model of plants' water demand, paying special attention to contamination of groundwater and soil in intensively cultivated areas that increasingly rely on water of lesser quality. The framework developed in the project integrates (i) a bio-physical model of water flow in the vadose zone and water uptake by plants and yield response with (ii) a dynamic management model to determine the optimal intra-season irrigation policy. It consists of a dynamic optimization model to determine irrigation rates at each point of time during the growing season and aggregation relating harvested yield with accumulated water input. The detailed dynamic approach provides a description of yield production processes at the plant’s level, and serves to determine intra-season irrigation decisions. Data derived from extensive field experiments were used to calibrate the model's parameters. We use the framework to establish the substitution between irrigation technology (capital) and water inputs; this is an important property of irrigation water productivity that has been overlooked in the literature. Another important feature investigated is the possibility to substitute fresh and saline water with a minimal productivity loss. The effects of soil properties and crop characteristics on optimal technology adoption have also been studied. We find that sandy soil, with low water holding capacity, is more conducive to adoption of sophisticated drip irrigation, as compared to heavier soils in which drainage losses are significantly smaller.
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Luft, Charles, Timothy Schutt i Manoj Shukla. Properties and mechanisms for PFAS adsorption to aqueous clay and humic soil components. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), maj 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/48490.

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The proliferation of poly- and perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) has resulted in global concerns over contamination and bioaccumulation. PFAS compounds tend to remain in the environment indefinitely, and research is needed to elucidate the ultimate fate of these molecules. We have investigated the model humic substance and model clay surfaces as a potential environmental sink for the adsorption and retention of three representative PFAS molecules with varying chain length and head groups. Utilizing molecular dynamics simulation, we quantify the ability of pyrophyllite and the humic substance to favorably adsorb these PFAS molecules from aqueous solution. We have observed that the hydrophobic nature of the pyrophyllite surface makes the material well suited for the sorption of medium- and long-tail PFAS moieties. Similarly, we find a preference for the formation of a monolayer on the surface for long-chain PFAS molecules at high concentration. Furthermore, we discussed trends in the adsorption mechanisms for the fate and transport of these compounds, as well as potential approaches for their environmental remediation.
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Azzi, Elias S., Cecilia Sundberg, Helena Söderqvist, Tom Källgren, Harald Cederlund i Haichao Li. Guidelines for estimation of biochar durability : Background report. Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54612/a.lkbuavb9qc.

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Biochar is produced by heating biomass in the total or partial absence of oxygen. This report addresses the long-term persistence of biochar in soil and how this can be managed in climate calculations and reporting. The report consists of this summary and four chapters, which can be read independently. Different terms have been used to describe the durability of biochar carbon storage, but also the physical presence of biochar in soils, e.g. persistence, permanence, recalcitrance, residence times, stability. Today, the term “durability of carbon storage” is preferred in policy contexts, but various academic disciplines such as soil science have other established terms like “persistence”. Here, both durability and persistence are used, rather interchangeably. It is important to be aware of differences in meaning that exist between disciplines. The purpose of this report is to present the state of knowledge regarding the proportion of carbon in biochar that remains in the soil over time and provide recommendations for calculating this. There is a need to calculate the persistence of biochar in soil for national climate reporting, corporate climate reporting, carbon credit trading, and life cycle assessments for various purposes. On the persistence of biochar The amount of biochar remaining after a certain time depends on the properties of the biochar and the environment in which it is located. Nearly all research on biochar persistence has focused on its application in agricultural soils. The main reason for the high durability of biochar carbon storage is the formation of fused aromatic stable structures during biomass pyrolysis. A high degree of fused aromatic structures makes biochar much less prone to microbial decomposition than fresh biomass. Different biochars have different properties, and this influences how long they persist in the soil. To achieve biochar with properties that provide higher persistence, it should be produced at higher temperatures for a sufficient duration. Measuring and calculating biochar persistence Established quantification methods of 100-year biochar persistence (e.g. referenced in IPCC inventory guidelines and used in voluntary carbon markets, to date) extrapolate short-term soil decomposition processes, and do not fully consider the processes that may explain millennial persistence. Calculations regarding biochar persistence have traditionally used a time span of 100 years to describe the amount of remaining carbon after a certain time. The use of specifically 100 years lacks a well founded scientific reason, but has been regarded as “far enough” into the future from a climate perspective and close enough for modelling to be meaningful. An active area of research relevant for the understanding biochar carbon storage durability is the development of advanced analytical characterisation methods of biochar that will enable measurement of the physicochemical heterogeneity in carbon structures present in biochar. Another area of continued research is biochar incubation, with a focus on field conditions, to elucidate both differences from laboratory conditions, and how transport processes affect biochar in the field. Recommendation and conclusion In the project, available research data has been aggregated into a functional model that calculates how much of the carbon in biochar remains after a given number of years. The model is based on the H/C ratio of the biochar placed in the soil and the annual average temperature at the location. The model is made freely accessible to provide biochar market actors with the best available knowledge for estimating the durability of biochar carbon. Existing research results provide a sufficient foundation for estimation of the amount of biochar expected to remain over time. Future research results are expected to lead to increased knowledge regarding the decomposition properties of biochar, in particular biochars with a very low H/C ratio. Therefore, this recommendation will be revised by the end of the project in 2025.
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ADAS, RSK. Nitrate Surveillance Monitoring Program (Annual Report May 2021 - March 2022). Food Standards Agency, grudzień 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.uau489.

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Every Member State is required to monitor and report levels of nitrate in specified foodstuffs as part of the European Commission regulation and the UK also requires this information as part of the collection of data to support the review of retained EU law in the UK and inform the setting of policy around maximum nitrate levels. The requirement to carry out monitoring for nitrate in lettuce, spinach and rocket is being met by the UK Nitrate Surveillance Programme. Results are presented for the period between 1st April 2021 and 31st March 2022. A total of 202 samples were collected within the sampling period, comprising of 130 lettuce, 9 rocket, 26 spinach samples. A further 37 samples categorised at “Other Green Leafy Vegetables”, which comprised of samples including mustard, mizuna, celery, Pak Choi and cabbage. The lowest average nitrate concentration was recorded in summer-grown iceberg lettuce (935.2 mg/kg), and no iceberg samples exceeded the maximum nitrate concentration. The highest average nitrate concentration was seen in winter grown non-iceberg lettuce grown under protection within the lettuce group (3242.2 mg/kg), and in winter-grown rocket overall (4271.2 mg/kg). The number of samples exceeding the maximum threshold increased this year to 7 samples – 2 samples of open-air non-iceberg lettuce sampled in the summer, 1 sample of protected non-iceberg lettuce in the summer, and 3 samples of spinach. A further 4 samples were within 10% of the maximum threshold. Consistent with previous years of this project, a strong correlation was found between nitrate concentration and sampling date, with samples collected later in the season showing greater concentrations, indicating potential interactions between nitrate accumulation and climate – particularly light levels and available soil moisture and the accumulation of nitrate in the soil through subsequent fertiliser applications with successive planting. Furthermore, there was significant interaction between nitrate accumulation, product type and cultivation type, which could be further explored to better identify risk factors associated with nitrate accumulation in leafy vegetables grown in the UK.
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Jakobson, Mari-Liis, i Andres Kasekamp. The impact of the Russia-Ukraine War on right-wing populism in Estonia. European Center for Populism Studies (ECPS), marzec 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55271/rp0017.

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For years, Estonia was an outlier in the European populist Radical Right scene, with no party being elected to parliament. This changed with the electoral breakthrough of the Estonian Conservative People’s Party (EKRE) in 2015. Currently, EKRE is the second-most popular party in Estonia, with roughly 20% support and is expected to achieve a record result in the general election in March 2023. Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has created opportunities and challenges for EKRE to increase its support. The war has offered EKRE fresh opportunities on several fronts. First, it has amped up its nativist agenda with claims that “mass immigration” of Ukrainian refugees will make ethnic Estonians a minority in their own land. Second, it has found fertile soil for populist messaging, given voters’ economic insecurities, accusing the establishment of incompetence in managing the high inflation and energy prices. EKRE is in the paradoxical situation of being an Estonian nationalist party attempting to appeal to Estonia’s sizeable Russian minority, which shares its “traditional family values”, Euroscepticism, anti-establishment grievances, and resentment of Ukrainian refugees. Several factors could explain the party’s current positioning, including EKRE’s interest in blaming the war’s economic effects on the government’s incompetence, the party’s anti-establishment inclination in a context of a broad foreign policy consensus, and its interest in courting Russian-speaking voters.
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Einarsson, Rasmus. Nitrogen in the food system. TABLE, luty 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56661/2fa45626.

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Nitrogen (N) plays a dual role in the agri-food system: it is an essential nutrient for all life forms, yet also an environmental pollutant causing a range of environmental and human health impacts. As the plant nutrient needed in greatest quantities, and as a building block of proteins and other biomolecules, N is a necessary part of all life. In the last century, an enormous increase of N turnover in the agri-food system has enabled increasing per-capita food supply for a growing world population, but as an unintended side effect, N pollution has increased to levels widely agreed in science and policy to be far beyond sustainable limits. There is no such thing as perfectly circular N supply. Losses of N to the environment inevitably arise as N is transformed and used in the food system, for example in soil processes, in manure storage, and in fertilizer application. This lost N must be replaced by ‘new’ N, which is N converted to bioavailable forms from the vast atmospheric pool of unreactive dinitrogen (N2). New N comes mainly as synthetic N fertilizer and through a process known as biological N fixation (BNF). In addition, there is a large internal flow of recycled N in the food system, mainly in the form of livestock excreta. This recirculated N, however, is internal to the food system and cannot make up for the inevitable losses of N. The introduction of synthetic N fertilizer during the 20th century revolutionized the entire food system. The industrial production of synthetic N fertilizer was a revolution for agricultural systems because it removed the natural constraint of N scarcity. Given sufficient energy, synthetic N fertilizer can be produced in limitless quantities from atmospheric dinitrogen (N2). This has far-reaching consequences for the whole agri-food system. The annual input of synthetic N fertilizer today is more than twice the annual input of new N in pre-industrial agriculture. Since 1961, increased N input has enabled global output of both crop and livestock products to roughly triple. During the same time period, total food-system N emissions to the environment have also more than tripled. Livestock production is responsible for a large majority of agricultural N emissions. Livestock consume about three-quarters of global cropland N output and are thereby responsible for a similar share of cropland N emissions to air and water. In addition, N emissions from livestock housing and manure management systems contribute a substantial share of global N emissions to air. There is broad political agreement that global N emissions from agriculture should be reduced by about 50%. High-level policy targets of the EU and of the UN Convention on Biological Diversity are for a 50% reduction in N emissions. These targets are in line with a large body of research assessing what would be needed to stay within acceptable limits as regards ecosystem change and human health impacts. In the absence of dietary change towards less N-intensive diets, N emissions from food systems could be reduced by about 30%, compared to business-as-usual scenarios. This could be achieved by implementing a combination of technical measures, improved management practices, improved recycling of wasted N (including N from human excreta), and spatial optimization of agriculture. Human dietary change, especially in the most affluent countries, offers a huge potential for reducing N emissions from food systems. While many of the world’s poor would benefit nutritionally from increasing their consumption of nutrient-rich animal-source foods, many other people consume far more nutrients than is necessary and could reduce consumption of animal-source food by half without any nutritional issues. Research shows that global adoption of healthy but less N-polluting diets might plausibly cut future food-system N losses by 10–40% compared to business-as-usual scenarios. There is no single solution for solving the N challenge. Research shows that efficiency improvements and food waste reductions will almost certainly be insufficient to reach agreed environmental targets. To reach agreed targets, it seems necessary to also shift global average food consumption onto a trajectory with less animal-source food.
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Prysyazhna-Gapchenko, Julia. Еміграційні видання для селян: між фаховістю і політикою. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, marzec 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2023.52-53.11720.

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In the article rare editions of magazine type are first probed for peasants which nursed in an environment the Ukrainian emigrants in the first post-war years on territory of the American area of occupation in Germany, and also in the USA. Separately paid regard to mision role of magazines in the association of the nebulized peasants round a desire to apply the obtained previous experience and knowledge on strange land, to present the world the Ukrainian peasantry as labour productive force and also round the idea of fight for independence, joining in with political activity of «old» parties and organizations which actively functioned in the environment of the Ukrainian emigrants. Outlined problem of magazines for peasants, and also sil’vetki of separate authors. In the repertoire of the Ukrainian emigrant press professional editions for peasants occupy an insignificant percent. But their appearance and functioning testify to the desire of certain part of wanderers – natives from villages, which got the special trade education, and also conscious group of peasants which tested tortures and humiliations as a result of violent collectivization, to unite the efforts for future effective economic labour in Ukraine, as emigration was at that time examined in their environment as the temporal phenomenon. De autre part, the creators of this periodicals did not hide the purpose of distribution of the purchased knowledges and experience in the countries of migration. Publishers at mediation of magazines formed soil for creation of political party, which would unite the unions of the Ukrainian peasants-emigrants (farmers), which got organized in camps for the moved persons. Soon, in 1948, party of liberal direction – Union of earths of cathedral Ukraine is was created in Ashaffenburzi (Germany) and on convention in New Wales (in 1950) renamed on Peasant party. Greater part of problem of magazines «the Ukrainian owner», «Ukrainian peasant», «Rural owner», was inferior preparation to realization of this emigrant project. A separate place belongs to the magazine «the Ukrainian manager», the release of which, without regard to influences of mel’nikivskogo wing OUN, managed from the first to the last number to dissociate oneself from a policy, save popular scientific status agrarian-economic direction. Even publications the main theme of number is violated in which, for example, criticism of a collective farm system the USSR or analysis of economic problems of socialism, scientific arguments is marked and by the unprejudice of author. Functioning in the environment of emigration of «rural» periodicals is dictated a desire to combine effort peasants for a maintenance and increase of professional level, to send them in the river-bed of fight for liberation from under the burden of persecutors of the Ukrainian village.
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