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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Sociotechnical context"
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Monteiro Cavalieri Barbosa, Adriane, i Manoel Carlos Pego Saisse. "Hybrid project management for sociotechnical digital transformation context". Brazilian Journal of Operations & Production Management 16, nr 2 (26.05.2019): 316–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.14488/bjopm.2019.v16.n2.a12.
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Goal: The path to implement Digital Transformation (DT) in modern industries is far from clear, particularly in Brazil. From the point of view of operations management, authors developed a Conceptual Framework (CF) to support DT implementation in Discrete Manufacturing Industries (DMI). The CF applies knowledge management, hybrid project management (HPM) and Sociotechnical values to implement DT, using New Product Development (NPD) as a ground. The work aims to depict the HPM approach of this CF.
Design / Methodology / Approach: this is a qualitative research based on a systematic literature review carried out over a period of five years. It was performed in the Web of Science database, applying PRISMA flowchart, to evaluate which project management models, addressed in the literature, are more suitable for DT implementation projects in light of sociotechnical and innovation-shared-values approach.
Results: A Hybrid “Stage-Gate – Agile - Design Thinking” project management model to support DT implementation in DMI. This is a preliminary proposal that can be explored in future empirical research.
Limitations of the investigation: Some quality papers may have been left out due to the research methodology.
Practical implications: The CF can be applied by professionals to support Digital Transformation while incorporating sociotechnical values and reducing the excessive technological bias in NPD projects.
Originality/Value: The authors propose a new Digital Transformation (DT) approach, named Sociotechnical Digital Transformation (SDT) and an HPM to support DT in light of a Sociotechnical approach.
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Ehsan, Upol, Koustuv Saha, Munmun De Choudhury i Mark O. Riedl. "Charting the Sociotechnical Gap in Explainable AI: A Framework to Address the Gap in XAI". Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 7, CSCW1 (14.04.2023): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3579467.
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Explainable AI (XAI) systems are sociotechnical in nature; thus, they are subject to the sociotechnical gap-divide between the technical affordances and the social needs. However, charting this gap is challenging. In the context of XAI, we argue that charting the gap improves our problem understanding, which can reflexively provide actionable insights to improve explainability. Utilizing two case studies in distinct domains, we empirically derive a framework that facilitates systematic charting of the sociotechnical gap by connecting AI guidelines in the context of XAI and elucidating how to use them to address the gap. We apply the framework to a third case in a new domain, showcasing its affordances. Finally, we discuss conceptual implications of the framework, share practical considerations in its operationalization, and offer guidance on transferring it to new contexts. By making conceptual and practical contributions to understanding the sociotechnical gap in XAI, the framework expands the XAI design space.
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Witte, Thomas E. F., Jessica Schwarz i Verena Nitsch. "On the Importance of Embodiment for Artificial Design Intelligence in the Context of Sociotechnical Systems". IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1261, nr 1 (1.10.2022): 012025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1261/1/012025.
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Abstract Artificial intelligence methods are increasingly used in the design of sociotechnical systems. The design of such systems can be described as an ill-defined problem. The problem space often changes while working on a design solution. Further, an anticipation of future system states is challenging, because of possible changes of organisational, technological or other environmental aspects during the lifecycle of a sociotechnical system. Embodied artificial intelligence can help to structure the problem space. It can also act as a feedback mechanism of the inner workings of a system and its surroundings for a designer. Therefore, this short article discusses the emphasis of embodied artificial intelligence for the theory of design in the context of sociotechnical systems and its implications.
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Reutter, Lisa. "Constraining context: Situating datafication in public administration". New Media & Society 24, nr 4 (kwiecień 2022): 903–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14614448221079029.
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The imaginary of data-driven public administration promises a more effective and knowing public sector. At the same time, corporate practices of datafication are often hidden behind closed doors. Critical algorithm studies, therefore, struggle to access and explore these practices, to produce situated accounts of datafication and possible entry points to reconfigure the emerging data-driven society. This article offers a unique empirical account of the inner workings of data-driven public administration, asking the overall question of how sociotechnical imaginaries of datafication are constrained in the context of public administration. Teams working on datafication in two Norwegian public sector entities have been followed and interviewed over the course of 2 years (2018–2020). While sociotechnical imaginaries thrive in organizational culture and policy discourse alike, the observed data teams struggle to realize data assemblages due to a variety of structural and institutional constraints.
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Jiang, Huaxiong, Stan Geertman i Patrick Witte. "A Sociotechnical Framework for Smart Urban Governance". International Journal of E-Planning Research 9, nr 1 (styczeń 2020): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijepr.2020010101.
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Over the past decade, the dominant entrepreneurial form of urban governance has seriously hindered the transformation of cities by neglecting the role of urban contexts in shaping governance structures and outcomes. To promote alternatives, this article presents a sociotechnical framework for smart urban governance. This framework explicitly examines the impacts of urban contexts on the sociotechnical interaction between urban technological innovation and urban governance in the realm of smart cities. Three real-world cases were used to demonstrate how the framework can be applied in different urban contexts. The results show that the alleged smartness in smart urban governance by no means implies the simple acceptance, adoption, and use of technology; instead, it needs to be conditionate. For successful smart urban governance, urban technological innovation should be effectively attuned to the wider urban actors and preexisting urban challenges (i.e., the urban governance process), with a special focus on the urban context.
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Regmi, A. "Dyadic design interface between energy and agriculture: the case of Pinthali micro hydro system in Nepal". Water Science and Technology 47, nr 6 (1.03.2003): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0395.
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Technology, like society, is heterogeneous. It mirrors the context in which it operates. Micro hydro development in Nepal is a rural energy strategy, which relies on technology and innovation and takes place in a specific social context. In designing this energy strategy, both technology and its social context, therefore, need to be considered seriously. In technical design processes, the interplay between the content (technology) and the context (society) needs to be considered, as the outcome will affect the people. For example, the content - micro hydro system - in the domain of the context - agriculture - provides an arena for an integrated water control system. Thus, it is possible to control water for two purposes: to produce power and to provide irrigation. The end product will be “energy” as a “consumptive” output and improved food security as a “productive” output of water. Therefore, within a sociotechnical framework, energy and irrigation become constitutive outputs of the sacrosanct “water”. Thus, the metaphor of power - the “sociotechnical code” of “content” and “context” - can be used with the term “agro-energy” in the design process of micro hydro systems. Evidence suggests that this interaction can lead to a transformed water use system for both productive and consumptive output for the benefit of rural communities.
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Werner, Nicole, Barbara Stanislawski, Katherine Marx, Daphne Watkins, Marissa Kobayashi, Helen Kales i Laura Gitlin. "Getting what they need when they need it". Applied Clinical Informatics 26, nr 01 (2017): 191–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/aci-2016-07-ra-0122.
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SummaryBackground: Consumer health informatics (CHI) such as web-based applications may provide the platform for enabling the over 15 million family caregivers of patients with Alzheimer’s Disease or related dementias the information they need when they need it to support behavioral symptom management. However, for CHI to be successful, it is necessary that it be designed to meet the specific information needs of family caregivers in the context in which caregiving occurs. A sociotechnical systems approach to CHI design can help to understand the contextual complexities of family caregiving and account for those complexities in the design of CHI for family caregivers. Objectives: This study used a sociotechnical systems approach to identify barriers to meeting care-givers’ information needs related to the management of dementia-related behavioral symptoms, and to derive design implications that overcome barriers for caregiver-focused web-based platforms. We have subsequently used these design implications to inform the development of a web-based platform, WeCareAdvisor,TM which provides caregivers with information and an algorithm by which to identify and manage behavioral symptoms for which they seek management strategies.Methods: We conducted 4 focus groups with family caregivers (N=26) in a Midwestern state. Qualitative content analysis of the data was guided by a sociotechnical systems framework. Results: We identified nine categories of barriers that family caregivers confront in obtaining needed information about behavioral symptom management from which we extrapolated design implications for a web-based platform. Based on interactions within the sociotechnical system, three critical information needs were identified: 1) timely access to information, 2) access to information that is tailored or specific to caregiver’s needs and contexts, and 3) usable information that can directly inform how caregivers’ manage behaviors.Conclusions: The sociotechnical system framework is a useful approach for identifying information needs of family caregivers to inform design of web-based platforms that are user-centered.
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Cardoso, Joana L. F. P., Donna H. Rhodes i Eric Rebentisch. "Enterprise Digital Transformation using a Sociotechnical System Approach". INCOSE International Symposium 33, nr 1 (lipiec 2023): 448–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/iis2.13032.
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AbstractDigital transformation is gaining increased attention due to its potential to change the way companies operate and unveil new business strategies. In consideration of the fact that digital transformations occur under specific sociotechnical environments and with particular intentions, success highly depends on the ability of companies to explicitly characterize their sociotechnical context and intended transformation. This paper sheds some light on how companies might approach digital transformation efforts through an enterprise‐level sociotechnical system approach that centers on digital twins and model‐based methods. Research findings and intervention strategies are derived from observations and interviews on ongoing projects, supplemented by findings from the literature. Core systems engineering analysis methods such as Concept of Operations analyses are part of such strategies given their potential to accelerate the sociotechnical system redesign cycle and generate actionable decisions toward digital transformation. A sociotechnical system analysis framework intended to guide organizations in developing their strategic approaches for adopting digital twins as transformation strategy is also shared. This framework and the entire paper assert the importance of taking a sociotechnical system perspective in defining, designing, and implementing a digital transformation.
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Hockenhull, Michael, i Marisa Leavitt Cohn. "Hot air and corporate sociotechnical imaginaries: Performing and translating digital futures in the Danish tech scene". New Media & Society 23, nr 2 (luty 2021): 302–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461444820929319.
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This article analyzes the role of hype in performing and translating corporate sociotechnical imaginaries of digital technologies, into the context of Danish society. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork of technology events in Denmark, this article proposes “hot air” as a concept to describe how hype for the future performs these imaginaries. This article describes the overlapping sociotechnical imaginaries that dominate these events and the performative effects of hype and its critique, in articulating and translating them. This article makes an empirical and conceptual contribution to the study of sociotechnical imaginaries, in particular, their socio-material performance, the role of corporations in articulating them, and how hype is central to their translation.
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Pereira, Gabriela Viale, Marie Anne Macadar i Maurício Gregianin Testa. "A Sociotechnical Approach of eGovernment in Developing Countries". International Journal of Systems and Society 3, nr 1 (styczeń 2016): 67–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijss.2016010105.
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In the context of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) for development (ICT4D) the capability approach raises questions about the best way to generate human development outcomes through governments' implementation of ICT, encompassing specific demands of the people. Considering that quality of working life was an emergent value for the sociotechnical supporters and could foster human development, this perspective can also be used to explain the use of ICT in government. This research proposes a conceptual model to explain how governments' implementation of ICT contributes to improved human development through a sociotechnical perspective and its alignment with users' needs and expectations. The contribution of this study is the extending of the ICT4D research in a sociotechnical view and its impact in human development. By including the social context in the model, it emphasizes the differences between countries in different levels of development, the differences between users' demands and the differences in human development outcomes.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Sociotechnical context"
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Velsberg, Ott. "Digitalization in a Mandatory Implementation Context : How digitalization is achieved in practice and the elements that affect it". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för informatik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-122225.
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Healthcare around the world is facing strenuous times, whereby there is a need for reduced costs, improved efficiency, and effectiveness. Digitalization is a transformational phenomenon argued to solve the many problems of healthcare. As of such, this thesis studies digitalization in a healthcare setting - considering how digitalization is achieved in practice, and what elements hamper and enable sociotechnical changes required for digitalization. To study these aspects, a qualitative case study was carried out on the recently implemented mandatory electronic dental card among the dental care professionals from a Baltic country. The study allowed contributions to digitalization research by looking at the phenomenon from industry-level analysis, also revealed the elements that hamper and enable digitalization, outlined the different digitalization patterns, and argued that digitalization relies on the extent by which the new system provides value to the users without interfering with professional expertise and ethics.
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Barraclough, Jessica Ann. "Facebook's ‘white genocide' problem: a sociotechnical exploration of problematic information, shareability, and social correction in a South African context". Master's thesis, Faculty of Humanities, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33636.
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A relatively small, but highly visible group of South Africans believe that farm attacks/murders (and other crimes against whites) constitute a targeted ‘white genocide'. Their beliefs have found support and corroboration in various online spaces, but especially within ‘alternative news' Facebook pages. This case study is used as an opportunity to apply a sociotechnical model of media effects to a very real disinformation problem that continues to inflame race relations in South Africa. Three pivotal questions are addressed, relating to (1) how Facebook users on farm attack/murder-focused pages engage with problematic information (fake news) and why; (2) the qualitative and affordance/format-related themes of posts with the highest share counts on these pages; and (3) the common themes of discourse used in defensive responses to social corrections of false information. Findings suggest that South Africa's ‘white genocide' problem is more deep-set than other more ephemeral ‘fake news' stories, especially due to stark racial and political dichotomies, reflected by the post comment sections herein. Group identities and cognitive biases work to sustain the disproportional media ‘spectacle' of gratuitous farm attacks/murders against white South Africans, and leverage Facebook's platform affordances to do so.
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Meunier, Clémentine. "Réintégrer l'élevage dans les fermes et territoires de cultures : motivation des agriculteurs, contextes sociotechniques, pratiques et durabilité des fermes". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Toulouse (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024TLSEP125.
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La spécialisation des fermes et des territoires et la déconnexion entre cultures et élevages engendrent de lourds impacts environnementaux à l’échelle mondiale. Pourtant, les fermes spécialisées largement dépendantes aux intrants restent le modèle dominant. A contre-courant, quelques agriculteurs pionniers réintègrent (i.e. organisent intentionnellement le retour) de l’élevage dans les fermes et territoires spécialisés en cultures. Ces initiatives, théoriquement agroécologiques, pourraient contribuer à réduire l’impact environnemental l’agriculture. Toutefois, elles ont jusqu'alors été peu étudiées. L’objectif de ma thèse était de produire des connaissances sur pourquoi, dans quels contextes, comment et avec quels impacts les agriculteurs réintègrent l’élevage. J’ai développé une approche exploratoire, en étudiant une grande diversité de fermes françaises ayant réintégré de l’élevage sur la ferme ou par partenariat avec un éleveur (i.e. par l’accueil temporaire d’animaux sur la ferme de cultures), en incluant tout type de cultures et d’élevages. J’ai développé une approche multi-niveaux, de l’agriculteur, à la ferme et au système sociotechnique, et j’ai enquêté différents acteurs. J’ai mobilisé le cadre de la traque aux innovations pour documenter la réintégration de l’élevage comme un exemple d’innovation agroécologique. J’ai inventorié et hiérarchisé les motivations des agriculteurs français à réintégrer de l’élevage. Ces motivations sont variées, les trois principales étant: suivre leurs valeurs éthiques et morales (e.g. protéger l’environnement, relever un challenge technique) ; bénéficier de services écosystémiques, en particulier promouvoir la biodiversité et la qualité des sols pour remplacer les intrants ; et améliorer et stabiliser le revenu en diminuant les coûts de production et en diversifiant les productions de la ferme. Au-delà des motivations, d’autres déterminants conditionnent la réintégration de l’élevage. Par une analyse transversale des freins et leviers sociotechniques à la réintégration de l’élevage dans trois régions du monde, j’ai montré que les principaux freins à cette réintégration sont le manque de connaissances spécifiques de tous les acteurs du système sociotechnique et la disparition des services liés à l’élevage (e.g. abattoirs) dans les territoires spécialisés en cultures. Des actions collectives sont nécessaires pour surmonter ces freins. Pour contribuer à combler ce manque de connaissances et déterminer les réels bénéfices à attendre de la réintégration de l’élevage, je me suis re-focalisée sur les fermes françaises pour caractériser les changements de pratiques liés à la réintégration de l’élevage et évaluer leurs impacts agroenvironnementaux, en accord avec les motivations des agriculteurs. La réintégration de l’élevage peut être durable, si et seulement si elle s’accompagne d’adaptations systémiques favorisant les interactions entre cultures et élevages et réduisant l’usage d’intrants. La réintégration de l’élevage étant un processus de changement, j’ai souhaité créer une typologie de trajectoires menant les agriculteurs à cette réintégration. Mon échantillon très diversifié ne m’a pas permis d’y parvenir. Cet échec m’a questionnée sur l’impact de mes choix de chercheuse sur mes résultats. J’ai partagé cette réflexion épistémologique en invitant mes collègues agronomes à réfléchir sur leurs postures et pratiques de recherche. Dans ma thèse, je propose un premier aperçu de la réintégration de l’élevage, au travers d’un panorama des déterminants menant à cette réintégration, des changements de pratiques induits et de leurs impacts. J’identifie des formes durables de réintégration de l’élevage à étudier en priorité et les conditions nécessaires pour soutenir leur développement. Je contribue à enrichir le cadre de la traque aux innovations par une analyse multi-niveaux des déterminants menant à des innovations agroécologiques et une évaluation objective de leur durabilité agroenvironnementaleThe specialization of farms and regions toward either crop or livestock production leads to high environmental impacts worldwide. Yet, high-input specialized farming systems remain the mainstream. Opposing this trend, a few pioneer farmers are reintegrating (i.e. intentionally organizing the return of) livestock in specialized crop farms and regions. Such farming systems theoretically match the principles of agroecology, and may contribute to improve the environmental impacts of agricultural production. Yet, they have been understudied to date. In this Ph.D. work, I aimed to produce knowledge on why, in which contexts, how and with what impacts farmers are reintegrating livestock. To do so, I relied on an exploratory approach. I studied a wide diversity of French farms having reintegrated livestock on the farm or through partnership with a livestock farmer (i.e. with the crop farmer hosting livestock temporarily) including all crop and livestock production. I relied on a multi-level approach from the farmer, to the farm and the sociotechnical system, and interviewed diverse actors. I built on the innovation-tracking framework to unearth and document livestock reintegration as an example of agroecological innovation. I inventoried and ranked French farmers’ motivations for reintegrating livestock. Such motivations are diverse, the three main ones being: following personal ethical and moral values (e.g. aligning with environmental stewardship, undertaking a technical challenge) ; benefiting from ecosystem services, particularly soil quality and biodiversity promotion, to substitute input ; and improving and stabilizing income due to decreasing production costs and diversifying farm production.Beyond motivations, other determinants condition livestock reintegration. Through a transversal analysis of sociotechnical barriers and levers to reintegrating livestock in three regions of the world, I showed that such reintegration is particularly hindered by the lack of specific knowledge from all actors of the sociotechnical system and by the disappearance of livestock-related services (e.g. slaughterhouses) in specialized crop regions. Such barriers require collective actions to be raised. To contribute addressing this knowledge gap, and disentangle the benefits to expect from reintegrating livestock, I re-focused on the farm level and on French farms to characterize the changes in farming practices after reintegrating livestock and assess their agroenvironmental impacts in regard of farmers’ motivations. I showed that reintegrating livestock can be environmentally sustainable only if subsequent adaptations of the farming system are made to promote interactions between crop and livestock that reduce input use. As reintegrating livestock is a process of change by nature, I aimed at analysing the succession of events leading farmers to reintegrate livestock by providing a typology of trajectories they followed. The high diversity of my sample did not provide sufficient redundancy to do so. Yet, this failure questioned me on the way I, as a researcher, choose to emphasize or overshadow specific elements while analysing data and on how such choices condition my research results. I shared this epistemological reflection as an invitation to agricultural scientists to reflect on their research stances and practices. In my Ph.D. work, I provide first insights on the understudied topic of livestock reintegration by building a panorama of determinants leading to reintegrating livestock, actual changes in farming practices and their impacts. I identify sustainable forms of livestock reintegration that should be studied more in depth by research and identify conditions to support their scaling up. I contribute to enrich the innovation-tracking framework through an original approach studying across levels the determinants leading to agroecological innovations, and objectively assessing their agroenvironmental sustainability
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Giannatou, Evangelia. "Exploring the sociotechnical dynamics of the Creative Commons Licenses : the case of Open Content filmmakers". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/19520.
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Networked information technologies and especially the internet, have brought about extensive changes and re-arrangements in cultural production, distribution, commercialisation and consumption of creative content. As an attempt to create a type of copyright licenses better suited for the online environment, the Creative Commons (CC) organisation has launched a license suite that allows creators to openly distribute and share their work under varying levels of restrictions. This thesis aim is to explore the motivations, expectations and understandings of both users and non users of CC licenses within the Independent Filmmaking Community. The research maps out the strategies and diverse business models that users of the licenses develop around their implementation but also the problems and conflicts that arise for both users and non users of the licenses. It therefore sheds light on the processes of adoption, implementation and subsequent fragmentation of the socio-legal innovation that is the CC license suite. While Free and Open Source models of software development (FOSS) have been thoroughly researched, little is known about how other content creators incorporate open licensing strategies within their creative fields. This research aims to address this gap in the literature through the examination of the use of CC licenses by Open Content Filmmakers. Building on theoretical and empirical research in Science and Technology Studies my aim is to analyse the legal innovation of CC licenses by focusing on how they are embedded within the everyday practices of open content filmmakers. By applying the Social Shaping of Technology framework and more specifically the Social Learning perspective, I examine the ways different actors ascribe meaning and conceptualise the role and usefulness of the licenses for their creative practices. Filmmakers negotiate the licenses’ significance through their interactions with diverse actors. These negotiations entail conflicting interpretations as different actors often have different agendas, commitments and resources, resulting in the transformation of both the licenses’ stated goals and of the perceived affordances of digital technologies. Drawing on multi-sited ethnography and rich qualitative data, this thesis captures the processes of learning by doing and learning by interaction, as filmmakers seek to find an appropriate way of applying the licenses, situating them within their localised creative endeavours through trial and error practices. The analysis of empirical evidence reveals how independent filmmakers navigate between ideological imperatives and practical considerations in order to form distinct, heterogeneous configurations that work for them, instead of outright adopting a homogeneous generic vision for how copyright should be applied in the digital environment.
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De, Galizia Antonello. "Évaluation probabiliste de l’efficacité des barrières humaines prises dans leur contexte organisationnel". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0018/document.
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Les travaux menés dans cette thèse CIFRE s’inscrivent dans le cadre d’une collaboration pérenne entre le CRAN et l'EDF R&D dont un des résultats majeurs a été le développement d'une méthodologie d’analyse de risques, appelée Analyse Intégrée des Risques (AiDR). Cette méthodologie traite des systèmes sociotechniques sous les angles technique, humain et organisationnel et dont les équipements sont soumis à des actions de maintenance et/ou de conduite. La thèse a pour objet ainsi de proposer une évolution du modèle dit de « barrière humaine » développé dans l'AiDR pour évaluer l'efficacité de ces actions humaines prises leur contexte organisationnel. Nos contributions majeures s'organisent autour de 3 axes : 1. Une amélioration de la structure préexistante du modèle de barrière humaine afin d’aboutir à un modèle basé sur des facteurs de forme appelés performance shaping factors (PSF) fournis par les méthodes d’Évaluation Probabiliste de la Fiabilité Humaine (EPFH) ;2. L’intégration de la résilience et la modélisation de l’interaction entre mécanismes résilients et pathogènes impactant l'efficacité des actions dans les relations causales probabilistes ;3. Un traitement global des jugements d’expert cohérent avec la structure mathématique du modèle proposé permettant d’estimer d’une manière objective les paramètres du modèle. Ce traitement se fonde sur la construction d’un questionnaire permettant de "guider" l’expert vers l’évaluation d’effets conjoints issus de l’interaction entre mécanismes pathogènes et résilients. L’ensemble des contributions proposées a été validé sur un cas d’application portant sur une barrière humaine mise en place dans un cas d’inondation externe d’une unité de production d’électricité d’EDFThe work carried out in this CIFRE PhD thesis is part of a long-term collaboration between CRAN and EDF R&D, one of the major results of which was the development of a risk analysis methodology called Integrated Risk Analysis (AiDR). This methodology deals with sociotechnical systems from technical, human and organizational points of view and whose equipment is subjected to maintenance and/or operation activities. This thesis aims to propose an evolution of the so-called "human barrier" model developed in the AiDR in order to evaluate the effectiveness of these human actions taken their organizational context. Our major contributions are organized around 3 axes: 1. Improvement of the pre-existing structure of the human barrier model to achieve a model based on performance shaping factors (PSF) provided by the Human Reliability Assessment (HRA) methods; 2. Integration of resilience and modeling of the interaction between resilient and pathogenic mechanisms impacting the effectiveness of activities in a probabilistic causal framework; 3. A global treatment of the expert judgments consistent with the mathematical structure of the proposed model in order to objectively estimate the parameters of the model. This treatment is based on a questionnaire to guide experts towards the evaluation of joint effects resulting from the interaction between pathogenic and resilient mechanisms. All of the proposed contributions have been validated on an application case involving a human barrier put in place during an external flooding occurring at an EDF power plant
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De, Galizia Antonello. "Évaluation probabiliste de l’efficacité des barrières humaines prises dans leur contexte organisationnel". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0018.
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Les travaux menés dans cette thèse CIFRE s’inscrivent dans le cadre d’une collaboration pérenne entre le CRAN et l'EDF R&D dont un des résultats majeurs a été le développement d'une méthodologie d’analyse de risques, appelée Analyse Intégrée des Risques (AiDR). Cette méthodologie traite des systèmes sociotechniques sous les angles technique, humain et organisationnel et dont les équipements sont soumis à des actions de maintenance et/ou de conduite. La thèse a pour objet ainsi de proposer une évolution du modèle dit de « barrière humaine » développé dans l'AiDR pour évaluer l'efficacité de ces actions humaines prises leur contexte organisationnel. Nos contributions majeures s'organisent autour de 3 axes : 1. Une amélioration de la structure préexistante du modèle de barrière humaine afin d’aboutir à un modèle basé sur des facteurs de forme appelés performance shaping factors (PSF) fournis par les méthodes d’Évaluation Probabiliste de la Fiabilité Humaine (EPFH) ;2. L’intégration de la résilience et la modélisation de l’interaction entre mécanismes résilients et pathogènes impactant l'efficacité des actions dans les relations causales probabilistes ;3. Un traitement global des jugements d’expert cohérent avec la structure mathématique du modèle proposé permettant d’estimer d’une manière objective les paramètres du modèle. Ce traitement se fonde sur la construction d’un questionnaire permettant de "guider" l’expert vers l’évaluation d’effets conjoints issus de l’interaction entre mécanismes pathogènes et résilients. L’ensemble des contributions proposées a été validé sur un cas d’application portant sur une barrière humaine mise en place dans un cas d’inondation externe d’une unité de production d’électricité d’EDFThe work carried out in this CIFRE PhD thesis is part of a long-term collaboration between CRAN and EDF R&D, one of the major results of which was the development of a risk analysis methodology called Integrated Risk Analysis (AiDR). This methodology deals with sociotechnical systems from technical, human and organizational points of view and whose equipment is subjected to maintenance and/or operation activities. This thesis aims to propose an evolution of the so-called "human barrier" model developed in the AiDR in order to evaluate the effectiveness of these human actions taken their organizational context. Our major contributions are organized around 3 axes: 1. Improvement of the pre-existing structure of the human barrier model to achieve a model based on performance shaping factors (PSF) provided by the Human Reliability Assessment (HRA) methods; 2. Integration of resilience and modeling of the interaction between resilient and pathogenic mechanisms impacting the effectiveness of activities in a probabilistic causal framework; 3. A global treatment of the expert judgments consistent with the mathematical structure of the proposed model in order to objectively estimate the parameters of the model. This treatment is based on a questionnaire to guide experts towards the evaluation of joint effects resulting from the interaction between pathogenic and resilient mechanisms. All of the proposed contributions have been validated on an application case involving a human barrier put in place during an external flooding occurring at an EDF power plant
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Stephens, Raphaël. "Circuits alimentaires alternatifs et transition du régime de "provision". Etude sociotechnique dans le contexte francilien". Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IAVF0002.
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Le système alimentaire peut-il changer ? Critiques à l’égard du régime dominant la provision, des phénomènes alternatifs proposent, depuis plus d’une vingtaine d’années, d’améliorer la durabilité, la qualité et la transparence de la provision alimentaire en raccourcissant les liens entre producteurs et consommateurs. Les discours, les pratiques et les innovations de ces Alternative Food Networks (« AFN ») génèrent, à travers leurs multiples oppositions aux logiques du régime de provision alimentaire industriel, des frictions chez celui-ci. A l’aune de l’essor spectaculaire d’une variété assez hétéroclite d’AFN ces dernières années, ce régime développe crescendo des questionnements et des prises sur l’alimentation locale. La théorisation de ces frictions peut bénéficier avantageusement de l'approche multi-niveaux (Multi Level Perspective, ou « MLP »), cadre théorique et méthodologique de recherche en étude des transitions qui permet une lecture évolutionniste des régimes sociotechniques, notamment dans leurs rapports avec les niches d’innovations alternatives. Avec l’appui d’analyses sociohistoriques robustes et un travail de terrain, il est alors possible de réfléchir les modalités d’une transition du régime de provision alimentaire par le raccourcissement des relations entre producteurs et mangeurs.La thèse propose alors deux focales d’analyse : le régime de provision alimentaire ; et les réseaux alimentaires alternatifs. Elle fait appel à une méthodologie composite adressant des données de natures hétérogènes tirées de terrains distribués : analyse discursive par lexicométrie, analyse de traces numériques, étude d’agencements institutionnels, entretiens approfondis, observations de type ethnographique. A la recherche d’une théorisation de moyenne portée, la thèse cible, dans leurs questionnements locaux, des acteurs-clés représentatifs de plusieurs compétences du régime de provision : distribution ; filière fruits et légumes ; salons alimentaires. Les objets alternatifs étudiés rendent compte d’une multiplicité de formes d’existence. Parce-que ces alternatives sont partiellement imbriquées avec certains dispositifs du régime dominant, cela conduit la thèse vers l’étude approfondie de l’une d’entre elles, très particulière du fait :(i) de son architecture se trouvant à la croisée des alternatives alimentaires et de réseaux numériques-matériels portés par des plateformes technologiques, et (ii) d’une qualité de données assez inédite.A partir de cette approche empirique distribuée, la thèse contribue à la caractérisation d’une transition vers un régime de provision numérique-matériel axé sur la prosumption par customisation transparente. Présentant la fin des années 2000 comme point d’inflexion du régime, la conjonction d’une crise de modèle de provision avec l’explosion du numérique accompagné d'un foisonnement continu de revendications et de pratiques alternatives, semblent en mesure d’accélérer un chemin de transition par reconfiguration du régime. Les prémices de cette reconfiguration se manifestent à travers de multiples évolutions discursives observées au sein du régime, ainsi que dans l’incorporation et l’agencement, en son sein, de phénomènes alternatifs qui participent crescendo à la caractérisation de nouvelles priorités qui redéfinissent les spécifications des aliments, les pratiques de provision, et les flux de provision. La valeur accrue de produits alimentaires enrichis de nouvelles spécifications alternatives véhiculées au travers de nouvelles proximités virtuelles et matérielles intiment ainsi au régime des interrogations sur le potentiel que présente le raccourcissement. Effectuant une confluence de trois champs d’études (transitions ; alternatives alimentaires ; prosumption) relativement peu liés jusque lors, la thèse ouvre ainsi des perspectives de recherche sur les capacités de tels marchés raccourcis à capter l’attention de prosumers alimentaires eux-aussi en plein essorCan the food system change ? As they formulate criticisms toward the regime which dominates food provision, alternative phenomena have, for over twenty years now, suggested that the sustainability, quality, and transparency of food provisioning could improve by shortening relations between producers and consumers. The discourses, practices, and innovations of such Alternative Food Networks (“AFN”) generate, through multiple oppositions to the industrial food provision regime, frictions among the latter. Having witnessed spectacular developments these past few years bringing quite a heterogeneous variety of AFN to the fore, this regime has begun to undergo a series of internal questionings and takes on local food. The theorization of these frictions can benefit advantageously from the Multi Level Perspective (“MLP”), a theoretical and methodological framework for research in transitions studies, which enables an evolutionist read on sociotechnical regimes, in particular regarding their relations with alternative, innovative niches. With the help of robust sociohistoric analysis and fieldwork, it then becomes possible to reflect upon the modalities which could bring about a food provision regime transition through the shortening of links between producers and eaters.The thesis thus proposes two analytical foci: the food provision regime; and Alternative Food Networks. It calls upon a composite methodology to address data which are very heterogeneous in nature and stem from distributed empirical fields: discourse analysis through lexicometrics, the analysis of digital traces, the study of institutional displays, in-depth interviews, and ethnography-inspired observations. Aiming at meso-level theorizations, the thesis targets – as they question themselves on local food issues – key actors representative of several competencies, which fulfill major functions in the provision regime: retail; fruit and vegetable supply; institutional food fairs. The alternative objects report, through their study, a multiplicity of forms of existence. Because these alternatives are partially intertwined with certain devices from the dominant regime, this leads the thesis toward the in-depth study of one of these AFN, which is very particular in that (i) its architecture stems from a hybrid between food alternatives and digital-material networks enabled through technological platforms, and (ii) the dataset which it offers is of unusually high standard.Through this distributed empirical approach, the thesis contributes to the characterization of a transition toward a digital-material provision regime based on prosumption through transparent customization. Dating the regime’s inflection point to the late 2000s, the conjunction of a crisis in the provision model with the explosion of digital flows as well as the continuous expansion of claims and practices in the realm of alternatives, appear to be able to quicken the pace of a transition pathway through a reconfiguration of the regime. The premise of this reconfiguration manifests itself through multiple evolutions in discourse which can be scrutinized within the regime, as well as the incorporation and the redisplay, in the realm of the regime, of alternative phenomena which participate increasingly in the characterization of new priorities which now redefine food specifications, provision practices, and provision flows. The accrued value of food products enriched with new alternative specifications which are conveyed through new virtual and material proximities thus intimate the regime to interrogate itself on the potential offered by the shortening of provision. Bridging three investigative fields (transitions; Alternative Food Networks; prosumption) which are, as of yet, relatively disconnected, the thesis thus opens research perspectives on the capacities through which such shortened markets may be able to capture the attention of food prosumers who likewise, are very much thriving
Książki na temat "Sociotechnical context"
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Context sensitive health informatics: Human and sociotechnical approaches. Amsterdam: IOS Press, 2013.
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Stevens, Gunnar, Markus Rohde, Matthias Korn i Volker Wulf. Grounded Design. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198733249.003.0002.
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This chapter presents grounded design as a suggestion for a praxeological turn in the field of computing. It argues that, given the high societal relevance of computing to all aspects of life, the academic field of (applied) computer science needs to develop its epistemological paradigm and research methods accordingly. Computer science arguably needs to define itself as a sociotechnical discipline that contributes to the solution of social problems in context. The grounded-design position is that a design-oriented discipline of practice-based computing is needed, one where methods and techniques can deal with the context specificity of local knowledge and appropriation of information and communications technology more seriously. This chapter presents an approach that outlines such practice-based computing by building on situated design knowledge and dealing with the interplay of the social and the technical.
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Dubber, Markus D., Frank Pasquale i Sunit Das, red. The Oxford Handbook of Ethics of AI. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190067397.001.0001.
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This book explores the intertwining domains of artificial intelligence (AI) and ethics—two highly divergent fields which at first seem to have nothing to do with one another. AI is a collection of computational methods for studying human knowledge, learning, and behavior, including by building agents able to know, learn, and behave. Ethics is a body of human knowledge—far from completely understood—that helps agents (humans today, but perhaps eventually robots and other AIs) decide how they and others should behave. Despite these differences, however, the rapid development in AI technology today has led to a growing number of ethical issues in a multitude of fields, ranging from disciplines as far-reaching as international human rights law to issues as intimate as personal identity and sexuality. In fact, the number and variety of topics in this volume illustrate the width, diversity of content, and at times exasperating vagueness of the boundaries of “AI Ethics” as a domain of inquiry. Within this discourse, the book points to the capacity of sociotechnical systems that utilize data-driven algorithms to classify, to make decisions, and to control complex systems. Given the wide-reaching and often intimate impact these AI systems have on daily human lives, this volume attempts to address the increasingly complicated relations between humanity and artificial intelligence. It considers not only how humanity must conduct themselves toward AI but also how AI must behave toward humanity.
Części książek na temat "Sociotechnical context"
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Krasikov, Pavel, Christine Legner i Markus Eurich. "Sourcing the Right Open Data: A Design Science Research Approach for the Enterprise Context". W The Next Wave of Sociotechnical Design, 313–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82405-1_31.
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Hays, Sean A. "Narratives of Intelligence: The Sociotechnical Context of Cognitive Enhancement in American Political Culture". W Nanotechnology, the Brain, and the Future, 219–34. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1787-9_13.
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Rücker, Daniel, Rüdiger Hornfeck i Kristin Paetzold. "Investigating Ergonomics in the Context of Human-Robot Collaboration as a Sociotechnical System". W Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 127–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94346-6_12.
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Bareither, Christoph. "Museum-AI Assemblages". W Edition Museum, 99–114. Bielefeld, Germany: transcript Verlag, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839467107-010.
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In this chapter, Christoph Bareither asks how we can better understand the role of artificial intelligence in museums and critically evaluate their potential for professional museum work. He introduces an analytical concept of museum-AI assemblages: sociotechnical ensembles that constitute, stabilize, and transform the constantly changing relations between AI technologies, human beings, material objects, and real or virtual environments in the context of museums. The concept is designed to foster ethnographic and qualitative research that can provide insights into the transformations that museums are currently undergoing due to AI technologies.
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Bremer, Anne, i Roger Strand. "Introduction". W Human Perspectives in Health Sciences and Technology, 1–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92612-0_1.
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AbstractThis introductory chapter gives an overview of the context in which the book was written, and goes through the central themes being addressed. The book is a result of long-held collaborations between oncologists, clinicians, philosophers, STSers, anthropologists, economists, ethicists, and media studies scholars, who, for the most part, are affiliated to the Centre for Cancer Biomarker (CCBIO), in Bergen, Norway. In addressing the issues at stake and matters of concern around precision oncology and cancer biomarker research, the authors come to see precision oncology as a sociotechnical imaginary, around which a high degree of confusion between hope and reality is observed, and where debates around the feasibility and desirability of precision medicine are altogether political, social, ethical, scientific and medical. The contributions to this book variously approach the culture of biomarker research, powered to a significant extent by a sociotechnical imaginary of precision oncology, with a focus on the following overarching themes: (i) the uncomfortable knowledge that comes to undermine the legitimacy of precision oncology by point at its shortfalls, and the lack of ambivalence in the discourses and practices around precision oncology; (ii) the dynamics of framing and overflowing, when trying to control biological, social and ethical complexity; and (iii) the role of the economy of hope in legitimising and sustaining the imaginary of precision oncology, and the starch dichotomy between illness and disease it leads to.
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Rose, Geoffrey, i Alex Liang. "Velomobiles and Urban Mobility: Opportunities and Challenges". W Small Electric Vehicles, 29–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65843-4_3.
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AbstractAs the transport challenges facing urban areas intensify, innovative solutions are required to address the social, economic and environmental impacts arising from overreliance on private motor vehicles. Velomobiles offer a range of advantages but do not feature on the radar screen of urban transport policy makers. This chapter explores the challenges and opportunities of increased adoption of velomobiles as an urban mobility option. A scan of existing velomobiles is used to define typical characteristics of these vehicles and place them into perspective against relevant travel options before they are assessed in the context of typical vehicle regulations and facility design guidelines. The opportunities and challenges associated with greater adoption of velomobiles in the context of urban travel are examined through the lenses of technology adoption and the sociotechnical framing of independent travel options. Shared mobility is identified as one potential way of broadening the base for velomobile adoption in urban areas.
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Roos, Vera, i Darelle van Greunen. "Yabelana: Designing and Introducing an Age-Inclusive and Context-Specific Information and Communication (ICT) Ecosystem". W Age-Inclusive ICT Innovation for Service Delivery in South Africa, 205–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94606-7_8.
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AbstractRapid developments in technological applications present as yet underexplored opportunities to assist with the impact of population ageing and limited resources. We adopted a sociotechnical paradigm—interlinking the social and technological—to inform the design and introduction, in four phases, of Yabelana (‘sharing of information’), an age-inclusive and context-specific ICT ecosystem. First, drawing on data from the we-DELIVER research project, we defined the situatedness of a cohort of older participants, their needs and preferences in relation to cell phone technology and social systems (intergenerational relations) facilitating their ICT use. Second, the three-part development of the ICT ecosystem was approached pragmatically. Third, to introduce the Yabelana app and USSD code we involved student fieldworkers familiar with the language and culture of the participants. Fourth, the process of collecting, analysing and reporting the fieldworkers’ reflections and older individuals’ experiences informed recommendations for further improvements of Yabelana and of technology artefacts. We conclude that a user-centred and bottom-up approach is not a quick fix for promoting age-inclusiveness in technology. Rather, ICT use is the outcome of a complex combination of older users’ dynamic involvement with technology, their diverse needs and preferences, facilitating social systems (e.g. intergenerational), and broader sociocultural contexts.
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Caramiaux, Baptiste. "AI with Museums and Cultural Heritage". W Edition Museum, 117–30. Bielefeld, Germany: transcript Verlag, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839467107-011.
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This paper discusses AI in the context of cultural heritage. First, I contextualize what we call AI, particularly with respect to infrastructure. With this representation in mind, my first objective is to outline the opportunities that AI can bring to these sec- tors, as identified in a series of reports and white papers edited by European institu- tions. In these reports, we have, however, barely grasped the need for stakeholders in these sectors to have their say on how they see this technology and how it should be integrated into their practice and organizations. My second objective is thus to highlight the fact that AI is not just a source of opportunities, as this would obscu- re the sociocultural and sociotechnical implications of integrating AI into existing practices.
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Creanor, Linda, i Steve Walker. "Learning Technology in Context: A Case for the Sociotechnical Interaction Framework as an Analytical Lens for Networked Learning Research". W Exploring the Theory, Pedagogy and Practice of Networked Learning, 173–87. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0496-5_10.
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Guillaume, Olivier. "Digitalisation, Safety and Privacy". W Safety in the Digital Age, 29–37. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-32633-2_4.
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AbstractIn order to increase the safety of industrial facilities and people, firms and their managers traditionally pay attention to the visibility of activities and the intentions of workers. Firms and managers can use connected objects worn by workers to collect this data. Analysing the introduction of smart glasses and smart shoes in an industrial site, this contribution explains how workers can use these tools without sacrificing their autonomy and privacy. In this site, performance as well as the safety of the activities is based on a combination of high individual autonomy and solidarity between colleagues strengthened by a private life at work. The sociotechnical context of this industrial site and the desire of professionals to control their privacy at work have a strong impact on the trajectory of these technologies. They insist on the use of technologies with their colleagues which strengthen the bonds of cooperation and solidarity and are resistant to technologies that could geolocate them or trace their movements. Moreover, the association of user spokespersons is an essential condition for the success of the design and dissemination of digital technologies. Finally, the control of privacy and private life at work by the workers contributes to the reinforcement of the performance and the safety of production.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Sociotechnical context"
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"Bridging Social Informatics and Sociotechnical Research: In Honor of Rob Kling". W iConference 2014 Proceedings: Breaking Down Walls. Culture - Context - Computing. iSchools, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.9776/14222.
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Owens, Jared, Stephanie Diem, Mahmud Farooque i Aditi Verma. "Public Engagement and Participatory Design Preparedness: Adapting Participatory Technology Assessment Methods for Design Science". W ASME 2024 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2024-133222.
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Abstract The relationship over time between knowledge of a design’s performance and the impediments to its revision poses an important, fundamental design challenge. Early stages of design processes are characterized by maximal decision-making flexibility, but choices must be made with minimal knowledge of the impact they will have on operational performance. While knowledge of operational performance characteristics accumulates as a design matures, inherent forces of path dependency and lock-in tied to upstream design decisions increase the difficulty of implementing design changes downstream. To mitigate this challenge, some design processes utilize participatory methods involving early stakeholder engagement to yield a better understanding of the landscape of design expectations, hopes, and concerns. This information can be used to anticipate otherwise unforeseen downstream problems, the occurrence of which are not uncommon in sociotechnical system contexts distinguished by the inherent complexity of interacting social and technical elements. Recognizing the value of early engagement in the design process, this project explores the utility of methods derived from the Participatory Technology Assessment (pTA) methodology in a sociotechnical systems design context; specifically, that of fusion energy systems. We hypothesize that pTA as structured by the Expert and Citizen Assessment of Science and Technology (ECAST) network, originally designed over a decade ago and continually refined in the years since as a multi-phase public engagement methodology for post-normal science and technology policy decision-making support, may be a valuable pre-design tool for increasing participatory design preparedness. As an initial small-scale test of pTA, the project team, consisting of fusion physics, engineering, and pTA experts, conducted two pTA-style open-framing dialogues on energy sources, energy transitions, and fusion energy systems with members of the public recruited from the Madison, Wisconsin area. While preliminary, our findings suggest that pTA methods can be useful for investigating public framings of the greater context around a sociotechnical design challenge; public awareness and understandings of design-relevant technologies; public capacities to comprehend and discuss design-related educational materials; and public expectations, hopes, and concerns with a design’s technologies, all of which we conjecture can be used to refine the structure and content of participatory design engagements. Future experimentation embedding pTA methods in real or simulated design processes may provide highly valuable information for planning and executing participatory design engagements that themselves provide crucial information in the early stages of sociotechnical systems design.
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Maitland, Julie, Matthew Chalmers i Katie A. Siek. "Persuasion not required Improving our understanding of the sociotechnical context of dietary behavioural change". W 3d International ICST Conference on Pervasive Computing Technologies for Healthcare. ICST, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/icst.pervasivehealth2009.5928.
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Townsend, Victoria, Pierre Boulos i Jill Urbanic. "An Ethical Roadmap for Engineering Participatory Design and Sociotechnical Participation: A Manufacturing Case Study". W ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-38492.
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Participatory design (PD) is a sociotechnical approach grounded in mutual learning between various stakeholders in a design process. The PD literature emphasizes that authentic participation requires a critical ethical foundation, which, in turn, requires designers to be aware of this ethical foundation and bring it to bear on the design process. Since this is an emerging field in engineering, and since the ethical foundation is critical, it is important for engineers to seek clarity around the ethical considerations for utilizing PD and other sociotechnical methods involving participation. The purpose of the research presented here is to contribute to this clarity, in the context of manufacturing systems design, with the following question: what are the ethical considerations involved in participatory design, in engineering research and practice? To answer this, a case study research methodology is positioned as a nexus between research and practice. A roadmap of ethical considerations relating PD and manufacturing is developed by triangulating between internationally accepted research ethics principles, a professional engineering code of ethics, and an industrial case study with eight participants engaged in PD. This ethical roadmap is useful to engineering researchers and practitioners when using PD and sociotechnical approaches where participation is involved, to encourage a high standard of ethical practice and supporting theory.
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Ali-Qureshi, Zulfiqar. "System of System Based Sociotechnical Complexity Challenges in Product and Process Design". W ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-48543.
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Unique characteristic of system of system based product life cycle challenges evolves different level of systems. This means the product design system and process level system consideration are very important besides the system level issues for product and process development which are part of systems of system. These core issues include the physical elements, assembly process and its related cognitive elements of component to that particular assembly and its process at Sub system level which are fundamental of System of system in holistic perspective of new product and process design. Any system level change or variety affects the next adjacent system in the same product as a member of same family of a system of system. In this paper the aspect of Hybrid electric car battery has been explored to reduce the system of system level sociotecnical complexity in product design. In this context, the affect of changeability in the assembly system level has been explored and DFA analysis and the complexity Index of the product at physical structure, assembly process and cognitive system level been discussed to draw analogy for making an understanding of similar nature of the system in platform based product and process family development.
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Suk, Hailie, Abhishek Yadav i John Hall. "Scalability Considerations in the Design of Microgrids to Support Socioeconomic Development in Rural Communities". W ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-88441.
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The interaction between technology and people is characterized by sociotechnical models. In the context of design, these types of systems are analyzed to increase productivity. The level of productivity is expected to increase as the technology evolves. Still, a lack of focus on adaptive design hinders the success of sociotechnical systems. The problem is evident in the relationship between microgrid technology and the residents of developing communities. An analysis of this type of sociotechnical system is analyzed in this paper. Rural villages in the developing world often lack access to the power grid. However, microgrids can provide electrical power in these locations. Power can be harnessed from renewable resources such as wind, solar, geothermal, and hydropower. Large batteries are used to store energy and buffer the electrical supply with the demand. The system powers security lighting, water pumps, and purification systems. Microgrids also power small machines that sustain agriculture in developing communities. The access to energy uplifts the developing community socially and economically. Still, as the community evolves, energy demand increases and the microgrid is unable to provide sufficient energy. A challenge in microgrid design involves the scalability of the system. Currently, there is no method for adapting the microgrid system to the increases in demand that occur over time. Accordingly, a mathematical framework is needed to support design decisions that could otherwise support adaptability. A demand model to predict the energy use for a composite rural village is presented. The predicted demand requirements are configured using a design optimization simulation model. These configurations are studied, and adaptive design techniques are devised through the process. The outcome of this study identifies a basic design methodology for microgrid design that is cognizant of scalability. Moreover, it identifies key attributes and relationships for the mathematical framework that supports the overarching goal of adaptable design.
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Suk, Hailie, i John Hall. "Integrating Quality of Life in Sociotechnical Design: A Review of Microgrid Design Tools and Social Indicators". W ASME 2019 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-98005.
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Abstract Microgrid systems can provide distributed power to communities that lack basic access to electricity. Scalability, maintenance, and power management are prominent challenges associated with microgrid resilience. These obstacles can be limiting in the continued development of the community. As progress drives an increase in energy demand, the microgrid needs to continue to meet that demand. Designing systems with the appropriate maintenance levels is another obstacle that impacts resiliency. There are many design tools that analyze system performance and cost. One goal of this work is to review a set of these technical models. HOMER Energy, System Advisor Model (SAM), and the Microgrid Design Toolkit (MDT) were reviewed. However, technical and economic performance is just one aspect of design. In the design procedure, social parameters also need to be considered. Few, if any, microgrid design tools consider societal dynamics. This work also aims to evaluate social indicators in the context of sustainable microgrid design. Accordingly, relationships are established between common societal indicators and the microgrid challenges of scalability, maintenance, and power management.
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Lopez Torres, Valeria. "Before and after lockdown: a longitudinal study of long-term human-AI relationships". W AHFE 2023 Hawaii Edition. AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004188.
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Social chatbot apps with advanced capabilities for relationship development have become increasingly popular over the last few years. As millions of people around the world develop emotional bonds with AI companions, the concept of authenticity emerges as a topic of interest. This qualitative longitudinal study focuses on the experiences of people in a relationship with an AI Companion. The purpose is to understand how authenticity is constructed and identify factors that influence the development of AI relationships and contribute to their sustainability. Results indicate that human-AI relationships are shaped and transformed by factors directly related to the user, and to the sociotechnical context they are embedded in, all of which play a pivotal role in the construction and perception of authenticity.
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Koukas, Spyros, Raimund Broechler, Kevin Haninger, Milan Gautam, Fernando Ubis, Urko Esnaola Campos, Iveta Eimontaite, Sarah Fletcher, Nikos Dimitropoulos i Sotiris Makris. "Software Architecture and Human-Centric design methodology in Human-Robot collaborative production systems". W 15th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2024). AHFE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1005165.
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Over the last years both Research and Industry have allocated significant effort to address the requirement for flexible production by introducing technologies that allow humans and robots to coexist and share production tasks safely. The human-robot coexistence and collaboration in cageless environments introduces challenges that are both of technical and social nature. A human robot collaborative system can be viewed as a sociotechnical work system that can both increase production KPIs and improve the quality of life for people working in HRC environment. In addition, effective HRC requires acceptance and trust from the side of the operators and clear communication between operators and robots. This work presents a software architecture approach that enables personalized and human-centric HRC and aims to improve ergonomics, cognitive factors and acceptance. In this context, key technology solutions for different HRC aspects such as training, design and production are also presented.
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Man, Yemao, Joakim Åström i Dawid Ziobro. "Understanding Challenges of Integrating Automation Solutions for Underground Mining in a Sociotechnical System: A Qualitative Interview Study". W 8th International Conference on Human Interaction and Emerging Technologies. AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002773.
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In recent years there has been more development of automation solutions for underground mining operations. Various vendors usually provide their proprietary machines and remote operation stations (ROS) to their customers, which makes information for remote supervisory control increasingly distributed and scattered for the operators. Integrating existing automation solutions such as introducing unified ROS could be considered potentially beneficial to ameliorate the problem of information fragmentation, enhance user experience and improve productivity, but it is critical to understand the effect of such future technological solutions in the sociotechnical system where elements of human, technologies and organization interact with each other. Integrating automation solutions is essentially bringing changes to the work system which would potentially pose new demands on the human operators and existing rules. This paper aims to uncover the challenges that may emerge in the sociotechnical system of remote underground mining as well as their design implications. A field study to a modern underground mining site in Sweden was conducted to explore the user perspectives of a diverse range of the workers who are designated different tasks per current organizational structure and goals. During the field study, eight participants including six remote control operators and two management personnel were invited for in-depth individual interviews. Additionally, two of them and another five operators were invited for a focus group interview. The participants were asked about their experiences of remote control operations and their interaction with the existing systems, together with their perceptions and views on how a unified remote operation station can affect their daily practice. The qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings have revealed a range of inter-connected challenges for the realization of the unified ROS, covering cognitive, organizational, physical, technical and interface design aspects. They suggest that whether the operators can continue succeeding in remote supervisory control does not only rely on the capabilities of the futuristic notion of unified ROS, but also on how the human-technology interaction relationship unfolds in the new working context. These insights inform the value of a holistic systems approach when it comes to feasibility studies on new technologies and their impact on human users. To address the concerns of the operators and ensure improved user experience and safety, it is important that the design of the systems is aligned with reorganization endeavors. Besides, collaborative efforts among industrial vendors are considered necessary to ultimately benefit the users.
Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Sociotechnical context"
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Clancy, Joy, Marielle Feenstra i Hanna Kreuger. Netherlands Case study. Users TCP, marzec 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.47568/7xr139.
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This case study is produced as part of the IEA Users TCP Research Programme: Empowering all. Gender in policy and implementation for achieving transitions to sustainable energy. It contributes to providing an understanding of the systematic inertias in the sociotechnical energy system that appear to be hindering the development and implementation of gender aware energy policies. The case study focuses on a condition known as ‘energy poverty’ and how it is currently addressed in the context of the Netherlands. The case study looks how the issue of energy poverty is framed and policy responses are formulated in the Netherlands. It identifies which government actors are involved in addressing energy poverty and assess whether there is sufficient capacity to respond, particularly in a gender-aware way, to a complex, multi-dimensional problem. It draws on an exploratory study which set out to gain insights into the mindsets of municipal policy workers in the Netherland working on mitigating energy poverty (Kreuger, 2023). The findings of the study are supported by a literature review. The data analysis uses the concept of energy justice which provides an understanding of how benefits, costs and risks of the energy transition are distributed in a society across three dimensions which provide an analytical framework: distribution, procedural and recognitional 1. A gender lens is applied to the framework, to provide a more nuanced understanding of how the energy transition may unevenly distribute benefits, costs and risks, thereby producing new inequalities or exacerbating existing ones. This analysis can be taken a step further by using an intersectional approach that disaggregates data across different groups without prioritising one category of social difference, such as income levels (Yuval-Davis 2016).