Rozprawy doktorskie: „Sociology of activity”

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Riddle, Dawn June. "Social Activity among Sociology Alumni". W&M ScholarWorks, 1992. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625782.

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Wiltshire, Gareth. "A sociology of physical activity and health for young people". Thesis, Loughborough University, 2014. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/17161.

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Background. Much research suggests that physical activity has important health benefits, yet many young people are disengaged with various forms of exercise. In light of this claim, various policies and interventions have been implemented to promote physical activity but, to date, have been largely unsuccessful and the target of some criticism. Reasons why many young people are relatively physically inactive are not well understood and current explanations rarely attend to sociological issues. Aims. The aims of this study were twofold; (1) to investigate the social processes which influence physical activity and health for young people, (2) to investigate ways to better promote physical activity and therefore reduce health inequalities. Methods. Twenty-nine participants aged 13-14 from 4 different schools in England took part in the study. Purposeful recruitment ensured sufficient diversity across gender, ethnicity, social class, ability, body shape, and self-reported physical activity. Over a seven-month period, various qualitative methods were used including focus groups, ethnomethodology and visual methods. Salient social theories were used to interpret the data. Findings. The interpretation of data resulted in four main findings; (1) health is a socially constructed concept that young people understand through particular structures of language, visual imagery and knowledge; (2) physical activity is sometimes seen as a purposeful practice aimed at increasing physical capital through burning calories and turning fat into muscle; (3) engagement in physical activity is often contingent on whether specific activities are directly endorsed/rejected by peers as socially acceptable/unacceptable activities; (4) physical activities and sedentary activities can be seen as social practices that young people take part in as part of a system of habitual dispositions. Implications. In order to reduce health inequalities, physical activity promoters might better account for these social processes. Suggestions for policy and practice include (1) using intervention strategies that move beyond individualistic conceptions of behaviour, (2) introducing a new vocabulary and imagery to the understanding of health, (3) reducing physical capital disparities in spaces where physical activity takes place, (4) encouraging and accommodating friendship groups in intervention designs, and (5) providing activities and spaces where young people s habituses can be enacted. Conclusions. Various social processes affect the extent and type of physical activity that young people engage in. Strategies to promote physical activity ought to account for these social processes. Sociologically informed qualitative research methods can contribute to knowledge in the field of physical activity and health.

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Bunis, William Kane. "Social movement activity and institutionalized politics: A study of the relationship between political party strength and social movement activity in the United States". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186323.

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The relationship between social movement activity and conventional politics has received little systematic attention from the sociological social movements literature. In this dissertation I bring together diverse literatures (i.e., the social movement literature in Sociology and the interest group and political party literature in Political Science) to broaden our conceptualization of social movement activity and to understand more adequately the changing nature of that activity. The central premise of this dissertation is that variation in the openness or accessibility of the political opportunity structure is shaped, in part, by the strength of the political parties. The central proposition is that an erosion of political party strength is associated with an increase in social movement activity within institutionalized politics. Without the centrist demands of a traditional two-party political system, the system is vulnerable to a more diverse set of demands as well as a more extreme set of demands. A second proposition suggests that the degree to which a given party has been in or out of power at the presidential level shapes party vulnerability to social movement interests. This may reflect a natural tendency for parties to become increasingly vulnerable to more radical interests over their period of dominance. To address these questions, an historical analysis of party conventions and party platform battles is utilized. The analysis is designed to yield an empirical description of the tensions between the centrist interests of a traditional two-party system and more radical interests associated with an erosion of party strength in such a system. The significance of these arguments rests upon their demonstration of a faulty conceptualization of institutional versus noninstitutional strategies of collective action that permeates much of the sociological social movements literature. I argue that the distinction should not follow an either/or mentality. Rather, under varying historical circumstances the embeddedness of movement interests within institutional structures should be and is variable as well.

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Hanafi, Bilal, i Sabiha Hasanbegovic. "Det aktivitetsbaserade kontoret som scen -En kvalitativ fallstudie om det aktivitetsbaserade kontorets inverkan på sociala interaktioner på en myndighet i mellansverige". Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-83511.

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As work life is evolving due to globalization and digitalization so are office spaces, new circumstances acquire new more flexible ways of working. There has been an increase in offices changing from the traditional cellular office to open and activity-based landscapes. Activity - based workplaces or ABW are designed to adapt to working needs and are said to be flexible where employees themselves can choose seating depending on their preferences and task at hand. While ABW seems to have certain benefits including cutting cost of unnecessary workspace and increased flexibility we are looking to understand the effects ABW has on social interactions & coherence. We are also interested in finding out what strategies the employees use to handle the new way of working and maintain efficiency. Research this far has shown that the architectural disposition of the office space needs to be equipped with distinct rules and regulations, that productivity has shown to increase after a move to a ABW and that the pre-conditions for employee satisfaction are present. The study is of a qualitative nature and is based on semi-structured interviews with five employees in an government organisation. Each of the employees has different occupational roles within the organisation. The theoretical framework used to analyze the results are parts of Goffman’s (2014) Dramaturgical Perspective and the results found show both pros and cons for an activity based approach. The study shows that social interactions to a large extent are regulated by the architectural disposition of the office, that coherence with the other government organisations in the building has somewhat improved and that the employees use both physical and digital strategies of guiding impression to let their colleagues know that they do not wish to be disturbed and can maintain efficiency. The results also show that the employees carefully choose their work station for the day in an attempt to control the number of social interactions they have during the day.
Arbetslivet är i en ständigt förändring och med den ökade globaliseringen och digitaliseringen följer krav för ett mer flexibelt och tilltalande kontorslandskap. Den senaste trenden i Sverige handlar om aktivitetsbaserade kontor (Activity Based Working eller ABW) som följer med flera fördelar, som exempelvis kostnadsbesparingar. ABK erbjuder ett arbetssätt och spontanitet som kan bidra till att skapa nya möjligheter för medarbetare och organisationer men skapar även nya utmaningar för effektiviteten. Studien undersöker den sociala interaktionen och sammanhållningen medarbetare emellan i ABK. Centrala frågor är hur ABK påverkar medarbetarnas sociala interaktioner & sammanhållning och vilka strategier de anställda använder för att möta de nya kraven och bibehålla effektivitet. Tidigare forskning inom området visar att kontorets utformning behöver genomsyras av tydliga policys, att produktiviteten har blivit bättre efter en flytt till ABK och att förutsättningar som gjorde arbetstillfredsställelsen större fanns. Studien baseras på semistrukturerade intervjuer med medarbetare på en statlig myndighet i mellansverige, i analysarbetet tolkades intervjuerna med stöd i den teoretisk referensram som är Goffmans dramaturgiska perspektiv. Studiens resultat visar att sociala interaktioner styrs i stor grad av kontorets utformning, att samarbetet över avdelningar delvis förbättrats, sammanhållningen med de närmsta kollegorna försämrats och att de anställda använde sig av både fysiska och digitala strategier för intrycksstyrning för att möta de nya kraven som följer med ABK och bibehålla effektiviteten. Resultatet visar även att medarbetarna gör väl avvägda val av arbetsplacering i hopp om att sätta förutsättningar för sin prestation och sociala tillgänglighet.

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Ehrhardt, Elizabeth J. "The social context of female criminal victimization: a domain-specific routine activity/lifestyle analysis /". The Ohio State University, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487856906258258.

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Spurkland, Kristin. "Framing Physical Activity| Weight Control Frames and Physical Activity Motivation". Thesis, Portland State University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10824567.

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Public health institutions and popular media frequently frame weight loss and weight control as primary benefits of physical activity. This exploratory, descriptive study examined how respondents rated statements exemplifying three physical activity frames: a weight control frame, a medical frame, and an active embodiment frame. An anonymous, online survey was conducted in March 2018; respondents rated frame statements in terms of inspiring motivation to engage in physical activity, and in terms of perceived credibility. They also provided anthropometric data and physical activity data. Data were analyzed for the entire sample as well as stratified by multiple variables, including body mass index, waist circumference, age, and physical activity levels.

Overall, the weight control frame was rated the lowest in terms of motivation, and rated moderately in terms of credibility. The active embodiment frame was highly rated in terms of motivation, but did not rate highly in terms of credibility. The medical frame was rated most credible overall, while achieving moderate motivation ratings. A “credibility/motivation gap” was identified when frames were rated highly on one scale (credibility or motivation), but not the other. These findings have implications for how physical activity is framed in public health messaging, and suggest that, as no single frame dominated both the motivation and credibility ratings, a multi-frame approach may have greater success in motivating people to engage physical activity than does the current, weight-control dominant approach.

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7

Callor, Suzanne 1967. "Predictors of precocious adolescent sexual activity". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291751.

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The present study examined the possible predictors of precocious sexual behavior in 418 sibling pairs between the ages of 10 and 17. Sexual behavior was measured on a continuum ranging from dating to intercourse. Specific predictors examined included pubertal development, pubertal timing, parental affection, and the personality constructs under-control and extraversion. In addition, several moderating effects between the predictors were tested, none of which were significant. As an additional analysis, this study also examined the effects of precocious sexual activity among one sibling on the other sibling. Results revealed different predictive patterns for males than for females. For males, the personality variables proved to be the strongest predictors of precocious sexual behavior; whereas for females, pubertal timing, extraversion, and parental affection were the strongest predictors. Among sibling pairs, precocity of one sibling was most often the strongest predictor of precocious sexual behavior in the other sibling.

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Lamarre, Mathieu. "Tracking and activity classification in video surveillance applications". Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33795.

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Automated video surveillance is a field in rapid expansion. Our research goal is to build a 3D person tracker for indoor video surveillance. In order to put our work in context we review various vision-based techniques for tracking people and detecting abnormal behaviours. The approaches are presented in bottom-up fashion starting from low-level algorithms to segment foreground objects, to trackers and action recognition systems. We also present a model-based camera localization technique. Our contribution is a 3D tracking system that can be subdivided into three modules: background subtraction, camera pose estimation and the tracker itself. The background subtraction algorithm uses the Discrete Cosine Transform coefficient blocks of JPEG encoded images as observations to compute the most likely state of each block with a Hidden Markov Model. Camera pose estimation is implemented as an edge-based CAD model registration technique using a particle filter. Finally, the tracker uses the registered model to perform 3D tracking from monocular images by assuming that the feet of people touch the floor. It's able to estimate the position and speed of tracked people at 2Hz, the maximum frame rate of the network camera. This tracker is in fact a blob-based tracker combined with a particle filter estimator. Preliminary results demonstrate that this system works well in its application context: hallway monitoring. Existing systems that use the output of trackers to recognize activities are reviewed. Finally we propose a few ideas on how to use a 3D tracker to classify scenes in order of interest with the most unusual first.

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9

Phelan, Anne M. "An examination of teaching as practical political activity". Diss., This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08082007-120009/.

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Bennett, Emily Jean. "Predictors of Physical Activity Among Persons With Multiple Sclerosis". DigitalCommons@USU, 2013. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1983.

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Multiple Sclerosis is a chronic neurological disease whose prevalence within the world's population is increasing. Symptoms of this disease are fatigue, loss of coordination, numbness and tingling, paralysis, and blindness. Currently there is no cure for the disease and, with its disabling variety and severity of symptoms, it is important to look for possibilities that could help slow its progression. Physical activity is one health behavior that promises to slow the progression of the MS among persons afflicted with this disease. Research has revealed that an exercise program improves several measures of well-being, reduces fatigue, and improves strength. While physical activity has been suggested as a management tool, those with MS demonstrate lower levels of physical activity compared to those without MS in the U.S. population. This thesis investigates what influences individuals with MS to participate in physical activity. Its purpose is to look into the possibility that demographic, social hierarchy, social support, and psycho-social/personality characteristics may help predict physical activity regimens among persons with MS. Isolating the determinants of voluntary exercise in the MS subpopulation would enable clinicians and the public health community to develop effective policies and interventions that promote physical activity.

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Wilson, William Curtis. "You are what you do : the self-organization of daily activity in the urban environment". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1985. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/273095.

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Messent, Peter Robin. "The contribution of physical activity and exercise to quality of life of adults with learning disabilities". Thesis, Leeds Beckett University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.300554.

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Findlay-King, Lindsay Joanne. "Understanding sport and physical activity participation in the transition into early mid-life". Thesis, Northumbria University, 2008. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/105/.

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In my thesis I explain patterns and developments of current participation in sport and physical activity among a group of men and women in the transition to early mid-life (38-43 years of age). I examine their perceptions of the activity and sense of sporting identity over their lives. There is limited research on mid-life experiences of sport and physical activity and more often this takes a social survey approach. The interpretive research on mid-life is still an emerging field, previous research has often focused on a single sport sub-culture, those who are heavily involved in sport, or women only. In depth, topical life history interviews and written timelines were completed with a group of sixteen individuals in this life stage, with varied experiences of sport and physical activity. The data was analysed using Brown and Gilligan's (1992, 1993) `voice centred relational method' of analysis, followed by 'constant comparison' (Glaser and Strauss, 1967) and coding (Strauss and Corbin, 1998). The major theme identified in this study was the complex construction of sport and participation, understood as it relates to the participants lives as a whole and its impact on their participation decision making. Sub-themes included; the different meaning and value of sport and self definition in relation to this, and changes in these across the life course (particularly the transition to midlife) and in relation to the ageing process and relationships. The research demonstrates the relationship between sport and the needs at this life stage, highlighting identity management, and values placed on the ethic of care and sport and physical activity as leisure. Conflicting feelings are experienced in relation to sport and physical activity due to constraints on and into participation. Further to this the thesis provides a grounded theory model of the construction of these activities in the transition to early midlife. The findings were interpreted with theoretical perspectives from: structuration (Giddens, 1979, 1984), dramaturgical (Goffman, 1971, 1972a), relational (Gilligan, 1993), role (Kelly, 1983; Turner, 1956, 1978; Zurcher, 1970, 1979), life cycle (Levinson et al, 1978, 1996), family life cycle (Rapoport & Rapoport, 1975), and role transition (Kelly, 1983) theories.

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Palm, Johanna. "There is power in a union : Trade union organization, union membership and union activity in Sweden". Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-145563.

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This thesis investigates what factors affect union organization and, to some degree, union activity in the face of declining union density in the majority of Western countries. Union structures have been changing in recent decades, not only in terms of declining membership but also because women and white-collar workers are becoming a more stable part of the membership base, whereas previously highly organized groups, such as blue-collar workers, are in decline. The point of departure for this thesis is that union density changes must be understood on several different levels. Thus, we must investigate changing union density in light of changing institutional settings, changing labour market structures and changing norms and values on the individual level. The thesis consists of three empirical studies investigating union density changes and union activity in Sweden, and an introductory chapter that develops the theoretical and empirical (historical) background. The empirical studies investigate: (1) whether and how the influence of various aspects of class and ideology on union organization have changed over time, (2) the effect of structural change on union density increase and decline, and(3) what factors influence different attitudes towards industrial action among Swedish employees. Results show that union density decline in Sweden since the mid-1990s cannot be explained by any forceful shifts in the labour market structure or individuals’ opinions and/or attitudes related to trade unions to any significant degree. Union density decline in Sweden is of a general nature. However, an increasing divergence in union density across various categories of employees, including, e.g., private-sector vs. public-sector employees, young vs. older employees, employees of foreign origin vs. employees of Swedish origin, and the atypically employed vs. employees with standardized employment, is observed. Moreover, previously strong predictors of union membership, including class identity, ideology, sector of employment and type of employment contract, are in decline, but they still influence union organization and attitudes towards industrial action.

At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Submitted. Paper 3: Submitted.

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Abbott, Dina. "Women's home-based income generation as a strategy towards poverty survival : dynamics of the 'khannawalli' (mealmaking) activity of Bombay". Thesis, Open University, 1985. http://oro.open.ac.uk/56912/.

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For generations. the "khannawallis" have supplied daily cooked meals for thousands of single male migrant textile workers who live in appalling conditions in Bombay. In this way. they have become essential to Bombay's industrial development and daily functioning. However. the activity remains "invisible" and very little notice is taken of the women or their work. This thesis uses the khannawalli activity as a case study to understand the dynamics and problematics of women's home-based income generation. By exploring the Marxist and the feminist discourse on the "informal" sector; women; and poverty. the thesis comes to the conclusion that the best way of analyse the khannawalli activity is by adopting a "livelihoods system" approach. In doing so. it suggests that women's home-based income activities are better understood as strategies towards survival. rather than small entrepreneurial activities. Understood in this way, the central point of analysis becomes the access each individual has to the resources and opportunities necessary to start and maintain an activity. An analysis based on access is able to draw out social differentiation between individual operators and their operations. It also enables a comment on individual relationships. both within the household and outside of it. Altogether. this develops an understanding of how women's home-based income activities operate. and what problems they create. Furthermore, by setting the activity within a historical context. this case study is also able to look at recent changes that have affected the khannawalli activity. Whilst some of these changes have been detrimental to the activity, the khannawallis have proved that it is possible. even for those in the "informal" sector to address their future by organising themselves. The khannawallis show that women in poverty are not simply the passive recipients of their destiny.

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Ayvazoglu, Nalan R. "Physical activity determinants in youth with high functioning autism". [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3386663.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, School of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, 2009.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Jul 15, 2010). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-12, Section: A, page: 4621. Adviser: Francis Michael Kozub.

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Flynn, Rebecca Ann. "Are strict churches really stronger? a study of strictness, congregational activity, and growth in American Protestant churches /". Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10450/10960.

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Nsenduluka, Mukupa. "Graduate job search activity in Zambia: a social capital analysis". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/12917.

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There is much to be said about the use of social capital in the job search patterns of graduates, however, little is researched on the use of social capital as a job search strategy. Despite the years of research that acknowledges the critical role social capital plays in determining job search outcomes, little to no research has been done to specifically understand the different ways in which graduates utilize their social capital (family, friends and acquaintances) to look for work. Human capital theory posits that education is the greatest determinant of employment in a labour market system that that awards educational credentials with occupational attainment. However, the reality is that a large number of Zambian graduates are jobless despite being educated. This study, therefore seeks to analyse the high levels of graduate unemployment from lternative theories of social capital and the job search. Knowing the different ways social capital expresses itself in graduate job search patterns provides possible solutions and a different perspective to addressing the high levels of graduate unemployment in Zambia. This study adopted a qualitative case study research design and made use of the snow ball sampling approach. Fifteen semistructured interviews were conducted and findings and emerging themes analysed in response to the central question, “how does social capital express itself in graduate job search patterns in Lusaka, Zambia?”. Through extensive thematic analyses, the researcher finds that there are eight ways in which graduates utilize their social capital to look for work and overcome challenges of the job search. This demonstrates that social capital can be a useful and beneficial job search strategy to adopt in a labour market system where educational credentials alone do not guarantee graduates successful job search outcomes.

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Persson, Anna. "Devotees' relating to Amma : -A qualitative socialpsychological studie on how devotees to the Guru Mata Amritananda Mayi relate to her and how this relating changes through time". Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle (HOS), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-14306.

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Abstract: This is a qualitative studie about how devotees to the Guru Mata Amritananda Mayi relate to her and how that changes through time. The material has been collected through five interviews and through participant observation in ”Ammas” ashram Amritapuri in Kerala, south of India. The result showed that the devotees relate to Amma as a mother in some aspects and as a ”teacher” in other aspects, but they all have gained hundred percent trust for her. They all related to her different in the beginning as a devotee than after some years with her which shows that Amma could work as a transitionalobject for the devotees. The question about whether the devotees progress and cultivate”selfactivity” after this process could be answered with both yes and no. The devotees whom was interviewed seemed to have cultivated a lot more ”selfactivity” than the devotees that was observed during the time in the ashram and whom hadn't been following Amma as long time as the interviewees.

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Clark, Sarah. "Psychological resilience, daily stressors, and implications for physical activity levels in mothers with young children". Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1527540.

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The present study aimed to investigate the impact of psychological resilience and daily stressors on physical activity levels among mothers completing a three-month physical activity program. The sample consisted of 30 low-income mothers recruited to participate in a larger community-based physical activity intervention study. It was expected that women higher in resilience would participate in more physical activity over the program than women lower in resilience, and women lower in resilience would be more negatively affected by daily stressors than those higher in resilience, resulting in less physical activity over the program. However, results showed a pattern that among the women lower in resilience, those experiencing a higher severity of daily stressors throughout the program participated in more physical activity than those experiencing a lower severity of daily stressors. Implications for targeting mothers to use physical activity as a coping mechanism are discussed.

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Quarmby, Thomas Charles. "The influence of family structure in shaping young people's engagement in physical activity". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1673/.

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This thesis reports on research regarding the influence of family structure on young people’s engagement in physical activity. It focussed on understanding how young people’s physical activity dispositions were constructed within wider structural forces that impacted on their everyday lives. A socio-cultural theoretical perspective was adopted and the data were collected using a mixed methods approach. Participants were young people from three inner city comprehensive schools in the Midlands, UK, who completed questionnaires (n = 381) and paired, semi-structured interviews (n = 62). All schools were from low socioeconomic areas since this provided a greater diversity of family structures. As such, three family types were most prominent in this study: intact-couple, lone parent and stepfamily. The data took the form of surveys and interview transcripts and were analysed using PASW Statistics and inductive and deductive procedures respectively. The analytical framework was influenced by the social theory of Bourdieu, recognising the importance of structure and agency. Family was recognised as a social ‘field’ that shaped young people’s dispositions towards specific activities. Moreover, the transmission of an intergenerational habitus within families was bound by their cultural, social and economic resources, which differed according to family structure and contributed to existing societal inequalities.

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Olsen, Terje. "Versjoner av arbeid : Dagaktivitet og arbeid etter avviklingen av institusjonsomsorgen". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-9534.

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This dissertation is a study of employment and daytime activities for people defined as having an intellectual disability. The study’s point of origin is the somewhat paradoxical situation these individuals are put into when it comes to work and daytime activities. They are on the one hand granted a disability benefit and made objects for a logic of caretaking; they are regarded as vocationally disabled and defined as outside the workforce. On the other hand, they are still included in a hegemonic work ethic with political objectives for ‘full employment’ and ‘a working-life for all’. A main objective in this study has been to discuss what different types of work and daytime activities mean to these individuals themselves; what role work and daytime activities have in their identity management and self-presentation in everyday life. The study consists of three parts. Part I outlines a historical contextualisation of the relationship between intellectual disability and participation in work and production. This part also provides a brief account for the labour market situation for these individuals today, and discusses the present situation related to the official aims of the administrative reform, which closed down the state-financed institutions for people with intellectual disabilities. Part II discusses the theoretical perspectives and methodological approach used within the study. The theoretical perspectives are developed using concepts from Dorothy Holland et.al, Pierre Bourdieu and Erving Goffman. The methodological approach is based on qualitative case studies with participatory observations and interviews within the different settings where people with intellectual disability work. Part III presents and analyses data derived from fieldwork. Central elements in the meaning of work in identity management are discussed and classified in six basic ‘key stories’ about work and daytime activity. Different forms of adapted and ordinary work are discussed in context of gender roles and social class aspects.

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Phibbs, Stephanie L. "Child's play| Community solutions for increasing youth physical activity in distinct safety contexts". Thesis, University of Colorado at Denver, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3562658.

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Amid the uniformly low physical activity rates among children in the United State, practical solutions for increasing physical activity (PA) are needed. Whether interventions to increase PA need to account for individual demographic characteristics or safety context is unknown.

Methods: Study Design: This community based participatory research project used mixed methods, including secondary data analyses and concept mapping. Setting: Five demographically diverse, geographically contiguous, urban neighborhoods in Colorado, including one of the largest redevelopments in the United States designed for active living. Measures: Secondary data identified neighborhood safety contexts. Concept mapping participants identified, sorted and rated interventions to increase youth PA. Population: Participants were purposefully sampled households, including equal numbers of black, white and Latino adults from each safety context, and their 10-14 year-old children. Analysis: Cluster analysis using measures of social cohesion, incivilities, discrimination, and fear of crime and traffic safety identified homogenous safety subgroups. ANOVA, multivariable analyses and concept mapping pattern matching were used to compare ratings between safety contexts and demographic groups.

Results: Cluster analyses identified three distinct safety contexts. Concept mapping elicited 330 ideas, 100 of which were randomly selected for participants to sort and rate. Three intervention groupings were identified: 1) activity interventions, 2) safety interventions, and 3) infrastructure/access interventions. Participants residing in less safe contexts, and black and Latino adults, rated all interventions as more needed than participants from the safest context and white adults. Adults residing in the safest context thought infrastructure/access interventions were most needed, while adults from less safe contexts rated safety interventions as most needed. Youth across all contexts thought safety interventions were least needed; activity and infrastructure/access interventions were most needed. Community-led analyses identified that all youth across all contexts wanted safe, free and fun physical activity resources and opportunities.

Discussion: Safety context is an indicator of community need for youth physical activity interventions. Communities recommend framing and implementing interventions that are simultaneously safe, free and fun, rather than focusing exclusively on safety intervention needs that stigmatize neighborhoods. Top rated interventions are consistent with nationally recommended interventions.

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Moris, Francisco A. "International Trade in Research and Development Services and the Activity of MNC Subsidiaries". Thesis, The George Washington University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3668524.

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International technology diffusion reflects global R&D production and collaboration that increasingly accompany other forms of international activity such as trade and foreign direct investment. This thesis studies country-level market flows of disembodied technology or intangibles trade. The main conceptual premise is that operations of MNC subsidiaries have a substantial effect on these market-based flows, consistent with public goods aspects of industrial knowledge and with theories on MNC R&D strategies. Extensive previous country-level work relating FDI and technology flows focuses largely on knowledge spillovers (benefits from involuntary, uncompensated knowledge flows). Further, this study considers simultaneously two types of MNC subsidiaries (foreign owned subsidiaries and overseas subsidiaries of domestic MNCs) to acknowledge the likely role of two-way FDI (measured by MNC activities) in intangibles trade. In turn, the influence of these subsidiary groupings on intangibles trade reflects varied motives of the underlying R&D investments. The predicted effects of MNC operations on intangibles trade result in hypotheses that are tested with published aggregate statistics from the U.S. balance of payments on total U.S. exports and imports in R&D services as the dependent variables.

Theoretically, the thesis introduces the concept of reverse knowledge transfer from international business research to the study of bilateral intangibles trade. More generally, the thesis contributes to the literature by integrating macro and micro perspectives useful to understand the direction and nature of disembodied technology flows. In particular, the conceptual approach is consistent with macro trade models (two-way trade and two-way FDI from new trade theory), international business research, knowledge-based and transaction costs theories of MNCs (internalization of knowledge production and transfer), and innovation theory (knowledge seeking/exploiting). Consistent with these theoretical considerations, the empirical implementation considers panel countries as both exporters/importers of intangibles and host/home countries of R&D-performing MNC subsidiaries. In turn, estimated equations use panel econometrics to relate observed heterogeneity in the geographic structure of bilateral trade with the geographic distribution of MNC operations for the two types or groupings of MNC subsidiaries.

The main conceptual premise of this study was supported by the empirical findings. In the aggregate, U.S. MNCs and foreign MNCs with U.S.-located subsidiaries appear to engage in knowledge seeking R&D investments that influence transactions captured in balance of payment statistics. At the same time, the hypotheses regarding the effect of value added operations were not sustained statistically, failing to support knowledge exploiting as conceptualized here.

International transactions in intangibles in the form of services trade have yet to be integrated in the mainstream S&T policy literature. The analysis of aggregate R&D services trade pursued in this study may complement research on industrial knowledge flows based on other S&T indicators (or levels of aggregation) thus potentially allowing monitoring and analysis of international technology diffusion earlier in the innovation cycle (e.g., before or apart from patenting), and suggests the potential of non-spillover flows as targets of international S&T policy tools, perhaps in conjunction with trade and investment policy frameworks. The study also discusses the need for enhanced and integrated domestic and international statistics on R&D and related intangibles to support future research and the design or modification of policy tools to monitor and facilitate cross-border flows of industrial knowledge.

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Malopinsky, Larissa V. "Facilitating organizational change the use of activity theory as a framework for social construction of strategic knowledge /". [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3297945.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Instructional Systems Technology, 2007.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-03, Section: A, page: 1062. Adviser: Thomas M. Schwen. Title from dissertation home page (viewed Sept. 30, 2008).

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Kirst, Maritt. "The social construction of 'bad girls' as a social problem: A comparison of the claims-making activity of social problems experts and print journalists". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0002/MQ36708.pdf.

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Takoeva, Vasilisa. "The re-appearing act of leadership : an exploration of leadership practice through the lens of cultural-historical activity theory". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7485/.

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The notion of reappearing responds to a prominent article by Alvesson and Sveningsson (2003a) who argued for the disappearance of leadership, predominantly due to their failure to look for the practices. This research focuses on this ontological orientation and undertakes a theoretical and empirical exploration of leadership practice in a Russian organisation, and provides three main contributions for the emerging field of leadership-as-practice. Firstly, I develop a framework primarily based on cultural-historical activity theory and critical realism that conceptualises leadership practice by placing agents’ actions and interactions within the context of their relationships, objectives, experiences, material and non-material artefacts and wider organisational processes and structures; work that has not yet been undertaken in the field. Secondly, I provide a methodological guidance for future qualitative research design that connects ethnographically informed approaches to fieldwork with critical realist Grounded Theory techniques for data analysis process. Thirdly, drawing on the findings from my empirical research, I suggest how leadership practice is enacted within the day-to-day interactions and activities and how it affects the very context of its appearance. I conclude with suggestions for future research that draws on these contributions, as well as making recommendations for leadership development practice.

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Sagulinaitė, Simona. "Socialinio darbuotojo vaidmuo dirbant su vaikais, kurių tėvai yra išvykę į užsienį". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20090113_105220-10022.

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Šio darbo tikslas – atskleisti socialinio darbuotojo veiklą, dirbant su vaikais, kurių tėvai yra išvykę į užsienį. Analizuojama tema aktuali, nes pastaruoju metu ypač padaugėjo vaikų, kurių tėvai išvyksta uždarbiauti į svečias šalis, o jie yra paliekami giminių, o neretai ir visai svetimų žmonių globai, taip susidurdami su įvairiomis problemomis, todėl socialinis darbuotojas ir jo veikla yra pirmasis pagalbininkas padedant vaikui. Magistro baigiamajame darbe analizuojami LR socialinės apsaugos ir darbo ministro įsakymai, reglamentuojantys socialinio darbuotojo rengimo standartus, veiklą.Taip pat aptariama socialinio darbuotojo kompetencijos svarba darbui su klientu. Temos aktualumui pagrįsti atliktas kiekybinis tyrimas, siekiant išanalizuoti socialinio darbuotojo požiūrį į vaikus, kurių tėvai yra išvykę į užsienį, pagalbos galimybes, problemos aktualumą, bei socialinio darbuotojo veiklą dirbant su vaikais. Apklausoje dalyvavo socialiniai darbuotojai, dirbantys vaikų dienos centruose, seniūnijose, savivaldybėse, vaikų teisių apsaugos tarnybose. Nustatyta, jog didesnė dalis socialinių darbuotojų yra girdėją apie problemas su kuriomis susiduria vaikai, kurių tėvai yra išvykę į užsienį. Taip pat paaiškėjo, kad didelė dalis socialinių darbuotojų mano, jog vaikams kurių tėvai yra išvykę į užsienį reikalinga socialinio darbuotojo pagalba. Nustatyta, kad tik šiek tiek daugiau nei pusė apklaustūjų tiesiogiai dirba, arba yra dirbę su vaikais kurių tėvai išvykę dirbti į užsienį. Be to... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
The aim of this diploma paper is to reveal the activity of the social worker while working with children whose parents are gone abroad to earn money and they are left to relatives‘care or sometimes even to little known familiars‘care. Being without their parents children face many various problems, that‘s why social worker can be the right person to help the child and solve the problems. In this final diploma paper the Republic of Lithuania social care and work minister‘s orders regulating the training standarts and work of the social worker ar analysed. Moreover, the importance of the expertise of the social worker is discussed. To justify the topicality of this problem and to find out the solution of the problems that faces children whose parents are gone abroad, the quantitative survey was done. Social workers - working in government, daily centers, department of children rights etc. took part in the survey. After the survey, was found that bigger part of the social workers heard about the problems that children whose parents are gone abroad face many problems. Also was proved, that social workers who took part in the survey agreed with the statement that children whose parents are gone abroad need social worker‘s help. Moreover, was found that just some more than half of respondents work with childrens whose parents are gone abroad. Finally, was proved that social workers gives too little attention to these children. Trying to make... [to full text]

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Jusevičiūtė, Genė. "Studentų socialinis aktyvumas: Vilniaus pedagoginio universiteto atvejis". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2007. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20070816_172529-51287.

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Šiame darbe nagrinėjamas studentų socialinis aktyvumas Vilniaus pedagoginiame universitete,aptariama studentų aktyvumo įtaka socializacijos procesams,akcentuojant vertybes bei socialinius vaidmenis. Siekiant išsiaiškinti studentų socialinio aktyvumo ypatumus buvo atliktas kokybinis tyrimas pasirinkta Vilniaus pedagoginio universiteto 20 respondentų ,atstovaujančius pirmos pakopos, bakalauro studijas, I ir III kurso gamtos mokslų fakulteto,pedagogikos ir psichologijos fakulteto,socialinių mokslų fakulteto studentai.Manoma,jog toks grupavimas leidžia labiau išryškint vyraujančių nuomonių kontūrus. Atliktas tyrimas atskleidė,kad Vilniaus pedagoginio universiteto studentai ne visi yra socialiai aktyvus. Pagrindinis sunkumas su kuriuo susiduria studentai,yra problematiška derinti studijas su darbu (nes dauguma studentų dirbantys), taip pat lėšų trūkumas įvairiai veiklai organizuoti.Bendras jaunimo organizacijų tikslas - kūrybingos,laisvos asmenybės ugdymas sudarant sąlygas savikūrai ir jos skatinimui.Būdamas socialiai aktyvus studentas formuoja bendrąžmogiškas vertybes bei ruošiasi tapti būsimu mokytoju ir demokratiškos visuomenės piliečiu. Tyrime pastebėta,kad studentus labiau jaudina sveikata,pragyvenimas,darbas,sunki materealinė padėtis,tai parodo menką domėjimasį pasauliu,visuomeniniais reikalais,aukštosios mokyklos problemomis. Dabartinėje sudėtingoje socialinių ekonominių pertvarkymo situacijoje svarbią reikšmę turi jaunimas,ypač... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
This paper analyses social activity of students in Vilnius Pedagogical University, discusses influence of student activity on socialization processes underlining values and social roles. In order to learn about peculiarities of social activity of students, a qualitative research was made by selecting 20 respondents involved in the first-stage, bachelor, studies at Vilnius Pedagogical University: 1st and 3rd year students from the Faculty of Natural Sciences, the Faculty of Pedagogy and Psychology and the Faculty of Social Sciences. It is assumed that such sampling allows to outline dominating opinions. The research revealed that not all students of Vilnius Pedagogical University are socially active. Main difficulties encountered by students are problems related to combination of work and studies (because most of the students work), as well as the lack of funds for various activities. A shared aim of youth organisations is to foster creative, free individuals by creating conditions for self-growth and its encouragement. A socially active student shapes values of humanity and is preparing to become a future teacher and a citizen of our democratic society. The research showed that students are more concerned about their health, subsistence, work, tough financial situation; it shows lack of interest in the world, in public issues and in problems of the higher education establishment. The youth, especially students, plays an important role in the current... [to full text]

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Slavėnienė, Rasa. "Paauglių laisvalaikio užimtumo organizavimas bendruomenėje: veikla ir lūkesčiai". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2007. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20071228_120301-35908.

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Paauglystė – tai vienas iš svarbiausių gyvenimo tarpsnių, kai individas iš vaiko palaipsniui tampa suaugusiuoju, bando atsiskirti nuo tėvų, šeimos, tapti savarankišku ir nepriklausomu. Todėl šiuo laikotarpiu labai svarbūs yra santykiai bendruomenėje tarp paauglių ir suaugusiųjų, kurie turėtų būti pagrįsti pasitikėjimu, tolerancija, abipuse pagalba. Tad labai svarbu, kad būdamas bendruomenėje ir socializacijos procese, priimdamas vertybes, tradicijas, papročius, paauglys formuotų savo gyvenimo vertybių pagrindą. Tyrimo tikslas: Atskleisti paauglių užimtumo realybės gyvenvietės bendruomenėje ir paauglių lūkesčių sąsajas. Tyrimo uždaviniai: 1. Apibūdinti paauglystės amžiaus tarpsnio specifiškumą ir gebėjimą socializuotis bendruomenėje. 2. Aprašyti gyvenvietės bendruomenės veiklą, organizuojant paauglių laisvalaikį. 3. Atskleisti gyvenvietės paauglių laisvalaikio užimtumo lūkesčių ir bendruomenės organizuojamos veiklos sąsajas.
Adolescence is one of the most important periods of life, when an individual from a child gradually develops into an adult, he/ she tries to separate himself / herself from parents, family, to become self-determined and independent. That is why relations in the community among adolescents and adults are very important during this period. They should be based on trust, tolerance, and mutual help. Thus, it is very important for an adolescent to form the fundamentals of his/ her life values in the community and during the process of socialization through the acceptance of its values, traditions and customs. Aim of the research: To reveal the correlation between the reality of adolescent pastime activities in a village community and adolescent expectations. Research objectives: 1. To describe the specificity of adolescence and ability to socialize in a community. 2. To describe the activities of a village community while organizing adolescent pastime. 3. To reveal the correlation between village adolescent pastime expectations and the activities organized by the village community.

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Sodonytė, Eglė. "Kaimo turizmas kaip sociokultūrinė veikla". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2007. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20070816_171323-46546.

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Šiuo metu Lietuvoje dar tik formuojasi kaimo turizmo samprata, nors kaime turistai lankosi jau seniai – Lietuvoje nuo seno buvo įprasta ils÷tis kaime. Suvokdami kaimo turizmo svarbą ir naudą, įvairių šalių kaimo turizmo tyrin÷tojai band÷ apibūdinti šį reiškinį. Užsienio šalių literatūroje jis vadinamas įvairiai: poilsiu kaime, kraštovaizdžio turizmu, agroturizmu, poilsiu agrarin÷je aplinkoje, atostogomis kaime. Daugumoje šalių vartojamas terminas „kaimo turizmas“ (pvz., Anglijoje, Airijoje – rural tourism, Danijoje, Kanadoje, Estijoje – farm tourism ir pan.).
At present in Lithuania the understanding or concept of rural tourism is still in the stage of development though people have been coming to villages to have a rest since old times. Acknowledging the importance and benefit of rural tourism the researchers of it have always been trying to give an accurate description of what rural tourism is. In the literature on this issue in different countries are used different words, such as a rest in the country (village), countryside tourism, agrotourism, a rest on a farmstead or a holiday in a village, to describe it. In most countries this type of relaxation or activity is called “rural tourism” though in some countries like Denmark, Canada, Estonia it is called “farm tourism”.

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Rudnickaitė, Gitana. "Subjektyvios vyrų įsitraukusių į savanorišką veiklą prasmės". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2012. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2012~D_20120626_094145-01537.

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Savanorystė – atspindi kaip visuomenėje žmonės yra pasiruošę padėti kitiems, atliekant tam tikras veiklas neatlygintinai, skiriant savo laisvą laiką. Savanoriška veikla – vienas iš demokratinės valstybės ir pilietinės visuomenės ir jos gerbūvio kūrimo polių. Savanoriškos veiklos esminis požymis – susitelkusių žmonių pagalba suteikia naudą visai visuomenei ir kiekvienam savanoriui atskirai. Mūsų visuomenėje nėra įprasta, kad vyriškos lyties atstovai aktyviai įsitrauktų į savanoriavimą. Šiuo tyrimu siekiama atsakyti kodėl vyrai įsitraukia į savanorišką veiklą? Kas juos motyvuoja tapti savanoriais? Subjektyvių vyrų įsitraukusių į savanorišką veiklą prasmių tyrimo tikslas – atskleisti subjektyvias vyrų įsitraukusių į savanorišką veiklą prasmes. Kadangi vyrų savanorių įsitraukimo į savanorystę tyrimui atlikti pasirinktas kokybinio tyrimo tipas, tai jam pagrįsti tinkama interpretuojamoji-konstruktyvistinė ontologija. Tyrimo metu remtasi subjektyvistine-interpretuojamąją epistemologija. Analizuojant subjektyvias vyrų, įsitraukusių į savanorišką veiklą, prasmes siekta apibūdinti savanoriškos veiklos išskirtinius bruožus, atskleisti hegemoninio vyriškumo aspektus, bei išsiaiškinti, kokie veiksniai įtakoja vyrus įsitraukti į savanorišką veiklą. Tyrimo dalyviai – 7 vyrai, kurie yra savanoriavę organizacijoje/įstaigoje arba savanoriavę organizuojant renginius. Atsižvelgta, į savanoriškos veiklos aktyvumą. Respondentų savanoriška veikla truko ne trumpiau nei keturias savaites. Dalyviams... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
Volunteering reveals the preparation and willingness of humans to assist each other without any reward while sacrificing their own free time in the society. Voluntary activity is one of the axis to create democratic state and civic society. Essential feature of it is the reciprocal help both sides: the common activity of people gives positive outcomes to the society, as well as to every volunteer separately. It is not common in our society for men to be active in volunteering. This research aims to answer, why certain men are involved in the volunteering and what are their main motivating factors. The aim of the research of subjective reasons of men involved into a voluntary activity is to reveal their common sense and reasoning for it. In order to research on the men involved into voluntary activity was chosen qualitative analysis, and the adequate reasoning for the choice is interpreting-constructive ontology. Research was based on the subjective-interpreting epistemology. Analyzing the subjective reasons of men involved into voluntary activities, the volunteering was described through expressing its unique features, as well as the features of non hegemonic masculinity and the motivating factors of men involved into voluntary activity. The participators of the research were 7 men, who are/were volunteers in organizations/institutions or while organizing different events. The intensity of volunteering was also considered. The volunteering activity was lasting not less than 4... [to full text]

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Kazlauskaitė, Ernesta. "Pilietinė visuomenė Lietuvoje: jaunimo dalyvavimas ir nuostatos". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2007. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20070816_165645-89613.

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Demokratinėje valstybėje svarbu kurti ir puoselėti pilietinės visuomenės pagrindus. Kiekvienas pilietinės visuomenės narys turi deramai, išsamiai ir atsakingai suvokti pilietinę visuomenę kaip tokią, identifikuoti jos nuostatas, principus ir tikslus, įsisąmoninti ir pažinti savo teises ir pareigas, lūkesčius ir galimybes veikti demokratiniame, visuomeniniame gyvenime. Šiandieniniame pasaulyje kiekvienas demokratinės visuomenės pilietis suvokia, kad valstybės, o kartu ir jo, tobulėjimas ir ateitis priklauso nuo jaunosios kartos. Jaunimas turi būti kiekvienos demokratinės valstybės bendros politikos objektas. Tačiau, ar nepastebime Lietuvoje visiškai priešingos situacijos? Šio magistrinio darbo tikslas: ištirti Lituvos jaunimo dalyvavimą ir nuostatas pilietinės visuomenės kontekste.
For everyone of us it is very important to have ability to express own ideas, to understand and to know how to deal with civil rights and responsibilities, to identify principes, goals and mission of civil society and to have apropriate attitude to civility and democracy to be enshrinen. Without any doubts such conditions and attitude gives opportunity for every person to attend and positivelly operate in political and public life. As one of the main goals of civil society is to create a better welfare in the country, therefore we do understand, that youth is extremely important for all countries. The youngsters are the future of the country. The policy of youth has to be one of the main objects in country‘s general policy. Every country has to encourage youngsters to participate in public and political country‘s life. Unfortunatelly, today in Lithuania we can hardly find manifestations of civility among the youngsters in Lithuania. On the basis of current a situation in Lithuania, this diploma thesis appeared as nessesity to explore the reality of civil society, faced by youngsters in Lithuania.

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Weiss, Deborah. "Predictors of the decline in physical activity observed in adults from two communities of low-economic status in Montreal, Canada". Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=81248.

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This study assessed the predictors of the decline in physical activity levels observed over the course of a 5 year longitudinal cohort of adults aged 18--65 living in two low-income, inner-city neighbourhoods in Montreal. The current study made use of data collected as part of Coeur en Sante St. Henri, an intervention program designed to decrease cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. A two-stage cluster telephone survey of a representative sample of residents was used to collect information on a variety of lifestyle behaviours. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the independent predictors of decline in leisure time physical activity in 626 subjects. Significant predictors of the decrease in physical activity include age (OR = 1.0 (1.0, 1.1) and BMI (OR = 2.0 (1.1, 3.6), and a composite index assessing self-efficacy pertaining to physical activity (OR = 2.0 (1.2, 3.2), in males. In females, significant predictors include lack of energy (OR = 2.4 (1.2, 4.6), perceived lack of athletic ability (OR = 2.4 (1.1, 5.2), not using a neighbourhood facility for physical activity (OR = 2.8 (1.6, 4.7), BMI (OR = 2.1 (1.2, 3.7), and a composite index assessing self-efficacy pertaining to physical activity (OR = 2.1 (1.3, 3.5).

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Paulsen, Ronnelle Jean Dempsey. "Class and collective action: Variation in the participation of young adults in noninstitutionalized politics". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185139.

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The aim of this research is (1) to test the hypothesis that participating in collective action varies by social class position, (2) to examine the mechanisms behind class effects in collective action in a general model of individual participation in collective action, and (3) to discuss the societal implications of these effects. Class position modifies the social process which determines who will participate in protest demonstrations or community problem solving. Class influences political socialization, an individual's network of interpersonal ties to others, and opportunity constraints which guide individual choices to participate in collective action. A model of these relations is tested empirically using secondary analysis of a nationwide, longitudinal survey of young adults and their parents (Jennings and Niemi's Youth-Parent Socialization Panel Study, 1965-1973). The findings show that working class young adults participate in collective action at a lower rate than the young adults in other class positions. The direct relationship between class and collective action participation is virtually nonexistant. It is the indirect effect of class through the development of a sense of efficacy (socialization) and membership in organizations (networks) that is significant in the prediction of who participates. The primary contribution of this work involves the formulation of a general model explaining individual participation in collective action. Further, by linking socialization and networks, this research attempts to bridge the micro-macro distinctions found in other explanations of collective action. Other contributions of this research lie in its implementation of a neo-Marxist definition of class and the utilization of alternative measures of collective action (protest participation and activity in community problem solving). In conclusion, finding that some individuals are hindered in their ability to participate in collective action has implications for the direction of social change efforts. It appears that inequality exists in the promotion of social issues even in the area of non-institutionalized politics. The findings suggest that the relationship between stratification and collective action should be explored further in future research.

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Gillette, Estella Hernandez. "A Case Study of the Socialization Processes of the NASA Spacewalkers in the High Reliability Organizational Culture of the Extravehicular Activity (EVA) Teams". The George Washington University, 2013.

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Jones, DeShauna D. "Habitus and Heart Health: Using Bourdieu to Interpret Socioeconomic and Racial Disparities in Physical Activity Participation". The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1254257684.

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Persson, Louise, i Warngård Anna. "Välbefinnande i relation till sysselsättning hos vuxna med högfungerande autism". Thesis, Malmö universitet, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för socialt arbete (SA), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-42403.

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Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien är att identifiera hur sysselsättning påverkar känslan av välbefinnande hos vuxna med högfungerande autism. Syftet är också att identifiera behov av ytterligare forskning. Metod: Studien genomförs som en litteraturstudie/scoping study av 16 artiklar. Resultat: Resultatet av litteraturstudien presenteras utifrån fyra teman: Sysselsättning som betydelsefull för identitetsskapande, identitetsskapande som väg till välbefinnande, psykisk ohälsa och behov av kunskap och stöd. Det finns idag olika stödinsatser för målgruppen men de är få. De stödinsatser som finns är inte optimala för vuxna med högfungerande autism. Insatserna tillgodoser inte målgruppens behov. Personer med högfungerande autism motiveras av en sysselsättning inom personens intresseområde. Slutsatser: De slutsatser som presteras berör vidare forskning på vuxna med högfungerande autism. Vidare forskning behövs överlag på vuxna med diagnosen men även vidare utveckling av tillfredställande insatser för stöd och hjälp till sysselsättning.
Purpose: The purpose of the scoping study is to identify how activities relate to the feeling of well-being in adults with high functioning autism. The purpose is also toidentify needs of further research.Method: A scoping study is used to analyze and discuss 16 articles.Result: The result of the scoping study is presented through four themes: activities as important to the development of identity, identity development as a way to wellbeing, mental illness and the need for further support and knowledge. Various support exists for the adults with high functioning autism but they are few. The support available is not specifically for adults with high functioning autism. The support does not meet their needs. Adults with high functioning autism can be motivated through their specific area of interest.Conclusion: The conclusion presented refers to the need of further research considering activities and its consequences in adults with high functioning autism. Further research is also needed overall in the field of adults with the specific diagnosis and also to develop satisfying support and help to engage in activities.

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Timm, Brian J. "The Long Reach of Delinquent Networks in Late Adolescence on Criminal Activity in Early Adulthood". Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1522942588938363.

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Rohlén, Marcus, i William Winterbom. "FRAMTIDENS KONTOR -En kvalitativ studie gällande medarbetare i en aktivitetsbaserad verksamhet". Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-75524.

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The nature of work life and its formation have undergone major changes in recent decades. Activity-based working (ABW) is today one of the most popular working methods, where different office zones give employees the opportunity to control how and where to work. Earlier studies in the area of ABW suggests positive organizational effects, however research is limited since the working method only recently gained popularity. The purpose of this study is therefore to examine how employees perceived efficiency and social room for manoeuvre are affected in an activity-based environment. In order to achieve this a case study was carried out where observations and qualitative interviews together formed the conclusions and analyzes that were made. The result of this survey shows a positive attitude from the employees to the activity-based approach since the model creates a perceived increased efficiency. Together with the social approach that the architectural aspect of ABW offers, employees get the tools to influence and to a certain extent also control the social aspects of their work.
Arbetets natur och dess utformning har genomgått stora förändringar de senaste årtiondena. Aktivitetsbaserad verksamhet (ABV) är idag ett av de populäraste arbetssätten där olika zoner på kontoret ger medarbetarna möjlighet att själva styra över hur och var de arbetar. Tidigare forskning på området tyder på positiva organisatoriska effekter men eftersom arbetssättet relativt nyligen slagit igenom är forskning på hur det påverkar medarbetarna begränsad. Syftet med den här studien är att undersöka hur medarbetarnas upplevda effektivitet och sociala handlingsutrymme påverkas i en aktivitetsbaserad verksamhet. För att åstadkomma detta gjordes en fallstudie där observationer och kvalitativa intervjuer tillsammans formade de slutsatser och analyser som gjordes. Resultatet i denna undersökning visar en positiv inställning från medarbetarna till det aktivitetsbaserade arbetssättet som skapar en ökad upplevd effektivitet. Tillsammans med det sociala upplägg som den arkitektoniska aspekten erbjuder får medarbetarna verktyg att själva påverka och i viss mån även styra det sociala arbetslivet.

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Lloyd, Jonathan Andrew. "Hate Managers and Where They Target: An Analysis of Hate Crime as Hate Group Self-Help". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/90883.

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I explore the relationships between hate group activity, community factors, and the likelihood of hate crime occurrence within a county area. I integrate considerations raised by Routine Activity and Social Control theorists as well as current hate crime literature to frame my concept of the hate manager, an agent of social control that utilizes hate crimes as a means of enacting extralegal self-help for hate groups. I explore the relationship between hate managers and hate crime by testing a model relating hate group activity and hate crime occurrences by location. Next, I correlate hate crime occurrences with hate group activity at the county level for the state of Virginia using public data. I find that a hate group's presence holds greater predictive power than nearly any other factor for hate crime likelihood. My findings illustrate the nature of hate crime as a means of social control; whereby hate groups act as a parochial order and maintain hierarchical relations between offenders and victims through means of disciplinary crimes. I conclude by outlining suggestions for future research into the role of the hate manager.
Master of Science
In my thesis, I ask the question of how hate groups methodically encourage where hate crimes occur. I do this by creating the concept of the hate manager. Hate managers are figures which influence would-be criminals into their illegal acts. They do this by stoking the fears necessary for them to act outside legal boundaries in reaction to some feeling of threat, an act known as self-help. Hate crimes, I argue, are a form of self-help where the feeling of threat is directed towards individuals belonging to some marginalized group. By looking at data collected by various agencies in the state of Virginia, I discover that the presence of a hate group in a county is a stronger predictor for such acts than any other factor for hate crime likelihood. By doing so, I demonstrate that hate crimes are a form of social control. That is, I argue that hate groups maintain a sense of order or ranking by means of illegal and disciplinary self-help in the form of hate crimes. I conclude my thesis by outlining suggestions for future exploration of the hate manager’s role.

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Carr, Adrienne L. "Examining the Effects of Media on Learners’ Mental Representations and Cognitive Processes in Science". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1196106424.

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Whiteside, Bethany. "The hidden dancers : a Goffmanian analysis of participatory dance activity and practice in Glasgow, Scotland". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11017.

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Sociology of dance is an evolving discipline that takes as a central focus the social makeup of dance – the societal structures and individual agency that are inherent within dance activity and practice. Relevant ethnographic literature that adopts particular sociological concepts and models is generally narrow in focus, with attention centred on the frameworks of Pierre Bourdieu and Michel Foucault and the conformation of vocational and professional ballet and contemporary dancer minds and bodies, to particular practice-specific behaviours and beliefs. Through drawing on Erving Goffman's (1959/1990) model of dramaturgy, this interdisciplinary thesis uncovers and interrogates the two-way relationship between sociological micro relations (social interactions), and various types of dance activity and practice. Six case studies undertaken encompass a wide range of dance and social settings; the professional ballet class, inclusive creative dance class, line dancing class, salsa club, Highland dancing class, and dance in primary education. Data was collected through undertaking participant observation (primary method) and qualitative interviews (secondary method): each specific combination was influenced by the reflexive approach followed, the nature and setting of each case study and as researcher, my own dance ability. The transcripts and field notes were analysed and situated within Goffman's (1959/1990) framework to interrogate the social and dance ‘performances' given. The research aims to firstly, uncover and present the nature of the ‘realities' (Goffman, 1959/1990) within each setting and secondly, to interrogate and demonstrate the applicability of the dramaturgical model to dance scholarship. The findings reflect the sociological binary of individual agency and societal structures as realities were shaped by the ‘place' of each dance activity and practice in the field of dance, and challenged, maintained or supported existing dominant perceptions.

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Reišienė, Ligita. "Socialinio darbuotojo veiklos analizė, dirbant su socialinės rizikos šeimomis". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080924_181536-16682.

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Visoje Lietuvoje nedarnios, asocialaus elgesio, socialinės rizikos šeimos yra viena skaudžiausių problemų, nes tokiose šeimose auga vaikai, kuriems reikalinga ypatinga apsauga ir priežiūra. Svarbu yra padėti vaikams, augantiems socialiai pažeistose šeimose. Šiame darbe nagrinėjamos socialinės rizikos šeimų problemos, nes jos itin skaudžiai išgyvena pokyčius ir atsiduria sudėtingoje situacijoje. Šis darbas aktualus, kadangi aptariama socialinės rizikos šeimoms ir jose augantiems vaikams teikiamos socialinės paslaugos socialinio darbuotojo veiklos kontekste. Darbo objektas – socialinio darbuotojo, dirbančio su socialinės rizikos šeimomis, veiklos analizė. Tyrimo tikslas – išanalizuoti socialinių darbuotojų taikytų metodų vertingumą. Darbo uždaviniai: 1. Pateikti socialinės rizikos šeimų ir jose augančių vaikų sampratą, apžvelgti socialinės rizikos šeimoje kylančias problemas. 2. Atskleisti socialinio darbuotojo veiklai būdingus bruožus ir veiksnius. 3. Išanalizuoti Utenos rajono socialinių paslaugų centro socialinių darbuotojų veiklą. 4. Ištirti socialinių darbuotojų taikytų metodų vertingumą. Teorinėje darbo dalyje analizuota socialinės rizikos šeimos samprata; problemos (giminės tęsimo, jaunosios kartos auklėjimo ir socializavimo, šeimos ūkio tvarkymo, įgūdžių stokos ir kt.); aptartos socialinių darbuotojų funkcijos (prevencinė, paramos, diagnostinė, informacinė mokomoji); socialinio darbo metodai (individualus, darbo su šeima ir bendruomenėje); veikla, teikiant... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
In all Lithuania uncoordinated, asocial, social risk families are one of severe problems, because these families have children, who need the special protection and care. It is important to help the children growing in socially affected families. In this work are analyzed the problems of social risk families, because they notably painfully experience changes and get into the complicated situations. This work is actual because there are discussed the social risk families and the social services given in the context of activity of social worker for children growing there. Object of work – analysis of activity of social worker dealing with social risk families. Purpose of survey – to analyze the value of methods applied for the social workers. Goals of work: 5. To give the conception of social risk families and children growing there, to view the problems rising in social risk families. 6. To open the characteristics and features specific for the activity of social worker. 7. To analyze the activity of social workers of The Center of social services of Utena region. 8. To survey the value of methods applied by social workers. In the theoretic part of work are analyzed the conception of social risk family; problems (family continuation, upbringing and socialization of junior generation, family economy management, lack of skills, etc.); discussed the functions of social workers (preventive, supportive, diagnostic, informational educational); methods of social work (individual... [to full text]

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Elofsson, (Kamarin) Heli. "Vänskap på Facebook : En studie om vad som händer med vänskap på Facebook". Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-50792.

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Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka vad som händer med vänskap på Facebook. En utgångspunkt i undersökningen är presentation av relevanta teorier om vänskap som jämförs med resultat av intervjuer med fem personer som är Facebookanvändare. Semistrukturerade intervjuer används som en kvalitativ ansats för att genomföra undersökningen. Undersökningens teoriunderlag består bl.a. utav redogörelsen av teorier om vänskap, ”aktivitetsfokus”, mångfalden av vänskap, vänskapsmekanismer, samt nätverk, organisation och partiell organisation. Facebook är ett snabbt växande socialt medium med fler än 500 miljoner registrerade användare över hela världen. Det intressanta är om vänskapens innehåll och mening förblir samma som vi upplevde det innan Facebook. Präglar Facebook som en social nätgemenskap våra vänskapsrelationer idag? Det är svårt att definiera vänskap. Intervjuerna har visat att vi fortfarande tänker på våra bästa vänner som de som alltid finns där när man behöver dem. En vänskap är sann, äkta, verklig och riktig. Enligt intervjuresultat ser man att alla vänner på Facebookvänskapslistor inte kan kallas för vänner egentligen. De är uppdelade i följande grupper som bekanta, ”yttre bekanta”, kollegor, släkt och gamla klasskompisar t ex. Man kan få nya vänner på Facebook, men då handlar det om ett gemensamt intresse eller en aktivitet som är substansen till den nya vänskapsrelationen. Undersökningens resultat har visat att man ofta blir vän på Facebook även med t ex sina vänners vänner. Detta är ett beteende som avviker från vänskapsteorin. Enligt vänskapsteorin behöver vi inte vara vänner med våra vänners vänner. Undersökningens slutsats är att alla intervjupersonerna upplever att deras vänskapsrelationer på Facebook inte har förändrats eller har möjligtvis blivit bättre. Det är tydligt att man upplever att Facebook underlättar kommunikation med vänner. Man har känslan av att ha sina vänner nära hela tiden pga. Facebook. Men sina bästa vänner kontaktar man ofta på ett annat sätt, dvs. via telefon eller träffar.

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Björnkvist, Caroline, i Hanna Janshed. "Studenters kost- och motionsvanor vid Högskolan Väst relaterat till kön och institution". Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Institutionen för omvårdnad, hälsa och kultur, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-3384.

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Syftet med studien var att undersöka studenters kost- och motionsvanor vid Högskolan Väst relaterat till kön och institution. Studiens resultat baserades på 323 insamlade enkäter, relevant litteratur och vetenskapliga verk som avhandlingar, rapporter och artiklar. Resultatet av högskolestudenternas kost- och motionsvanor analyserades ur ett sociologiskt perspektiv. Studien visade skillnader mellan studenters kost- och motionsvanor i flera avseenden beroende av kön och institution. Kvinnliga studenter på Högskolan Väst har i flera avseenden uppgett sig ha bättre kost- och motionsvanor än de manliga studenterna. Resultatet i studien visade samtidigt en marginell skillnad mellan hur ofta de manliga och kvinnliga studenterna utförde motion. Studenter från institutionen Omvårdnad, hälsa & kultur har i flera avseenden uppgett sig ha bättre kost- och motionsvanor enligt svenska rekommendationer än övriga institutionerna. Studenter från Ekonomi & IT uppgav sig följa de svenska näringsrekommendationerna i minst utsträckning. Högskolestudenter från institutionen Ingenjörsvetenskap utförde minst motion och fysiskt aktivitet i jämförelse med andra institutioner från Högskolan Väst.
The purpose of this study was to examine if there were any differences between students’ dietary and exercise habits depending on sex and affiliated institution at University West. The study was based on 323 questionnaires, relevant literature and scientific works as theses, reports and articles. The results were analyzed from a sociological perspective. Dependent on sex or institution affiliation differences were found of dietary and exercise habits. Female students at University West in many respects indicate somewhat better dietary and exercise habits than male students did. In addition, small differences between the frequency of male and female students’ exercise were found. According to the Swedish guidelines for dietary and exercise students from the Department of Nursing, Health and Culture reported more healthy habits than students in average. Opposite to this finding, students from the Department of Economics & Informatics, showed the least compliance to the Swedish guidelines. Students from the Department of Engineering exercised least frequently compared to students from the other examined institutions at University West.

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Clune, Tarynn N. "Experiences and Perspectives of Activity Facilitators in Memory Care". Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1586808219109459.

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Aillon, Humberto Silva. "A desinstitucionalização do custeio baseado em atividades sob a ótica da nova sociologia institucional". Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12136/tde-03122013-185312/.

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A pesquisa teve como objetivo geral investigar, sob a ótica da Nova Sociologia Institucional, quais fatores contribuíram para o enfraquecimento e abandono do Custeio Baseado em Atividades nas empresas objetos do estudo, Beta e Gama. As publicações sobre o Custeio Baseado em Atividades aumentaram expressivamente a partir de 1985, porém não obtiveram sustentabilidade no longo prazo. Percebeu-se muita confusão nos conceitos sobre o método de custeio e resultados das pesquisas não comparáveis, o que contribui para o seu desentendimento conceitual e potencial abandono do método. O caminho que levou aos achados teve base em pesquisa qualitativa e nas empresas estudadas foram avaliados os estágios de adoção do ABC, estágios de institucionalização e as variáveis de desinstitucionalização. Pelos distintos objetivos que motivaram a adoção do ABC, a empresa Beta alcançou o terceiro e a Gama o segundo estágio de adoção. O isomorfismo normativo, incentivado pela recomendação de consultorias, apresentou muita importância nas empresas, enquanto os demais isomorfismos, mimético, coercitivo e competitivo, apresentaram menor relevância. Durante o período de vigência do método de custeio nenhuma das empresas alcançou o estágio de total institucionalização. Ao avaliar os fatores de abandono e desinstitucionalização do ABC, o pressuposto com maior expressão foi o de pressão social, por não trazer inovação informacional, não ser uma exigência da matriz, além da falta de incentivos fiscais. Na categorização dos pontos críticos, foram mapeados dez fatores para a não continuidade do ABC sendo desses, seis inovações não previstas na literatura consultada e quatro que reforçaram a literatura atual. A originalidade deste trabalho reside no conjunto de achados que permitiram o desenvolvimento de uma estrutura básica para que acadêmicos e profissionais analisem antes de incorrer em investimentos e alocação de colaboradores que não trarão o resultado financeiro esperado pela descontinuidade do artefato adotado pela empresa.
The research aimed to investigate under the perspective of New Institutional Sociology which factors contributed to the weakness and abandonment of Activity Based Costing in the companies studied, Beta and Gama. Research on the Activity Based Costing significantly increased since 1985, but did not achieve long-term sustainability. It was noticed a lot of confusion in concepts about the costing method and research results presented are not comparable which contributes to its conceptual misunderstanding and potential abandonment of the method. The path that led to the findings was based on qualitative research and the companies studied were evaluated the stages of ABC\' adoption, institutionalization\' stages and variables of deinstitutionalization. By distinct goals that motivated the adoption of ABC among the companies studied, Beta reached the third stage and Gama reached the second adoption stage. The normative isomorphism encouraged by the recommendation of consulting firms presented a lot of importance in companies, while the remaining isomorphisms, mimetic, coercive and competitive, had smaller relevance. During the period of the costing method neither company has reached the stage of full institutionalization. Evaluating the factors of abandonment and deinstitutionalization of ABC the assumption with highest expression was the social pressure, for not bringing innovation informational, not to be a requirement of the head quarter, besides the lack of fiscal incentives. The categorization of the critical points, ten factors were mapped to not continuity of ABC being these six innovations not covered in the literature, and four that reinforced the current literature. The originality of this research lives in the set of findings that allowed the development of a basic structure for academics and practitioners to analyse it before incurring investments and allocation of employees who will not bring the expected financial results due to the discontinuity of the tool adopted by the company.

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Wright, Lauren E. "The American Serial Rapist: 1940-2010". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1397845726.

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DiGiandomenico, MaryJo. "An Analysis of the Relationship Between Social Support, Selected Demographics, and Physical Activity Among Community College Students". Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1277555663.

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