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1
Mishra, Srijit. "On measuring group-differentials displayed by socio-economic indicators: an extension". Applied Economics Letters 15, nr 12 (10.10.2008): 935–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13504850600972238.
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Sutrisno, Eddy. "PENGARUH STRATEGI PENYULUHANDAN TINGKAT STATUS SOSIAL EKONOMITERHADAP PENGETAHUAN NELAYANTENTANG KOSERVASI PESISIR PANTAI (Sebuah Eksperimen di Kecamatan Telukbetung Barat, Kota Bandar Lampung)". Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Lingkungan dan Pembangunan 13, nr 1 (4.05.2017): 39–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/plpb.131.04.
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This study aims to determine the effect of counseling strategies and levels of socio economic status of knowledge about the conservation of coastal fishermen. The method used in this study is an experiment with 2 x 2 factorial design. The study population was fishing in the District of West Telukbetung, Bandar Lampung numbered 32 people. Data analysis technique used is the Two-Way Analysis of Variance followed by Tukkey test. The findings of this study include: 1) Knowledge of the conservation of coastal areas that follow the strategy of grouping extension is higher than that following the classical extension strategy.; 2) For the fisherman with high level of social economic status with knowledge about coastal conservation among groups of fishermen who follow counseling strategies and follow the strategy of grouping classical education. Where the higher is the group of fishermen that high social economic status following the strategy of grouping extension; 3) For the fisherman with a low level of socio-economic status with knowledge about coastal conservation among groups of fishermen who follow the strategy of grouping extension and follow the classical extension strategy. Where the higher is the group of fishermen that low social economic status following the strategy of classical education, and 4) There is interaction effect between education strategy and the level of socio economic status of knowledge on coastal conservation. Based on these findings we can conclude that there is no extension strategies are most effective, depending on background characteristic fishermen and their socio economic status. Therefore, if the selected grouping strategy is appropriate only to fishermen who have a high socioeconomic status, education classical conversely, if the strategy is dominated by the lecture method is chosen, then it is just right for the fishermen who have low socioe conomic status.
3
Nam, Sang-Ho. "정년연장의 사회경제적 효과 분석". Review of Institution and Economics 17, nr 1 (28.02.2023): 61–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.30885/rie.2023.17.1.061.
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Mwaura, Mary Njoki, Sabina Mukoya Wangia, Japheth Ododa Origa i Lee Ernest Mbatia Oliver. "Socio- Economic Characteristics of Urban Extension Workers Influencing Empowerment of Farmers in Nairobi County, Kenya". Journal of Agricultural Extension 24, nr 2 (10.05.2020): 60–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jae.v24i2.7.
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The study examined the influence of socio-economic characteristics of urban extension workers on farmers’ empowerment. Purposive and simple random sampling methods were used to select 64 extension workers by utilizing the Yamane formula. Data were collected by the use of questionnaires. Frequencies, percentiles and multiple linear regressions were utilised to analyse the data. The extension workers’ socio - economic characteristics were found to positively influence the choice of extension methods. The findings revealed that 37.2% of farmer empowerment could be explained by the choice of extension methods influenced by the characteristics of extension workers. However, 49.9% of the extension workers were not aware of the adult learning principles (ALPs) that are employed in the appropriate choice of extension methods. The study recommends that extension workers in Nairobi County be trained in competencies to consider ALPs and information communication and technology (ICT) techniques in choices of extension methods. These competencies can ultimately lead to an extension system design transformation that will assist the few extension workers to serve more farmers efficiently and effectively leading to farmer empowerment.
Key words: Extension worker characteristics, farmer empowerment, Nairobi, urban and peri-urban agriculture.
5
Zafirovski, Milan Z. "The economic approach to human behaviour under scrutiny: an overview of arguments for the autonomy of social action". Social Science Information 40, nr 2 (czerwiec 2001): 195–240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/053901801040002002.
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The article reviews and re-examines some arguments against the treatment of social action within the economic approach as an extension of economic behaviour/rationality and thus against its denial of the specific, irreducible nature of the extra-economic. A major argument is that social action is a sui generis phenomenon that cannot be reduced with theoretical impunity to its economic modalities. Social action is characterized by substantial autonomy relative to economic behaviour/rationality. Arguments about the autonomous character of social action seek to remedy the indiscriminate extension of the economic approach beyond the field of economy to all human behaviour construed as consistent utility maximization. These arguments adduce certain classes of factors (socio-psychological, socio-cultural, socio-systemic and others) contributing toward the autonomy of social action. In addition, the economic-approach treatment of the human actor as Homo economicus is reversed by conceiving the economy as a domain of social action of which economic behaviour is a special case.
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Suleiman, Yusuf S., Taofiki Aminu, Yahaya Kaka, Faith I. Agbomakha, Abdullahi G. Auwal i Danlami H. Yakubu. "Socio-economic Factors Influencing Extension Workers’ Effective use of Knowledge Management in Agricultural Extension Services". Equity Journal of Science and Technology 8, nr 1 (19.04.2022): 116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/equijost.v8i1.20.
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The study assessed the factors influencing extension workers effective use of Knowledge Management (KM) inSokoto State, Nigeria. Purposive sampling procedure was used to sample respondents from the study area andExtension Workers were selected from Sokoto Agricultural Development Project (SADP). Socio-economiccharacteristics were using structured questionnaire and a total of 188 respondents were sampled and data collectedanalysed using descriptive statistics and logit model as tools of analysis. The result of the study showed that 74.4% ofthe extension workers were male and majority (79.8%) were married. More so, 35% of the extension workers arewithin the age range of 31 – 40 years with household average size of 5-10 children. Majority (79%) of the extensionworkers had tertiary education. (35%) had experience ranging from 21-25 years on extension service delivery. About41% of respondents used motor cycle as a mean of transportation. Result of logit model shows that marital status,level of education, service experience, cosmopolitness and means of transportation had positive and significantrelationship with effectiveness of KM whereas household size and rank of extension workers had significant andnegative relationship with KM. It is therefore recommended that KM be encouraged and disseminated through topmanagement approach in SADP. This will avail quality and better extension service delivery by extension agencybecause the vast knowledge and experience garnered on effective extension service delivery by top managementofficer will be shared and passed on to junior officers. This will go in line with strengthening and improving thecapacity building of extension workers.
7
Misiński, Wojciech. "Why does mainstream economy not explain the causes of contemporary negative socio-economic phenomena?" WSB Journal of Business and Finance 53, nr 1 (1.02.2019): 92–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/wsbjbf-2019-0010.
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Abstract This article is a continuation and extension of the lecture ‘Causes and effects of incompleteness and non-inclusion of ownership structures of contemporary capital companies’ delivered at the conference in Wrocław in 2017 and published in the Scientific Notebooks of the University of Economics (No. 493). The aim of the article is to answer the question: why the Neoclassical Theory of Markets (Main Current Economics) does not explain the causes of a number of contemporary socio-economic phenomena, in particular, huge price fluctuations, breakdowns of individual markets and as a consequence of economic crises on a global scale? This required a new, different from the neoclassical view of the series of processes and market phenomena occurring in contemporary economies as well as the verification of the Neoclassical Market Theory paradigm constituting the main core of the Mainstream Economics. These include, in particular: 1) theoretical (classical) and real ‘object (s)’ analysis of market transactions; 2) rejection of one-dimensional, neoclassical analysis of exchange processes (transactions), accepting two or even three-dimensional analysis of the exchange process (transaction); 3) analysis of exchange processes (transactions), the ‘subject’ of which are complete, incomplete or partial (and their bundles) property rights; 4) analysis of exchange processes (transactions) by complete and exclusive and incomplete and non-exclusive decision-makers; 5) analysis of exchange processes (transactions), whose ‘subject’ are partial (and their bundles) property rights in relation to virtual (non-material) ‘goods’. Taking into account that the above verification (acceptance of a different from the neoclassical paradigm of market theory) allows to break out of the circle of elegant and logical neoclassical analysis of theoretical, never and nowhere existing markets (exchange processes), and more importantly, the explanatory reasons for a series of negative, contemporary socio-economic phenomena.
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Garenba, Mbemba. "Agricultural Revitalization Through Extension Knowledge to the Community Regarding the Socio-Economy of Agriculture". Journal Siplieria Sciences 1, nr 1 (24.09.2020): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.48173/jss.v1i1.3.
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This article discusses the revitalization of agriculture through the knowledge of the extension agents to the community about the socioeconomic of agriculture. The interesting thing is that the potential of each region to develop agribusiness is very different. Therefore, to develop extension services that support the development of agribusiness, it is necessary to examine carefully the potential of each region. So that the diversity of extension materials must be made possible by innovation. Agricultural extension is expected to be the central point of agricultural development. However, in agricultural extension it must be remembered that extension is a form of intervention against farmers. Progressive and effective agricultural extension workers must be supported and collaborate closely with the Agricultural Research Institute including socio-economic research on agricultural extension which simultaneously conducts monitoring and evaluation of agricultural extension continuously. In disseminating information, the extension worker must carry out a reciprocal process, namely conveying information in the form of researchers' findings to farmers. Sustainable agricultural development really requires the support of strong agricultural technology and socio-economic research results. Without this, agricultural development will stagnate. Therefore, people's participation in planting knowledge needs to be increased.
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Mangare, Gabriella, B. F. J. Sondakh, F. S. Oley i M. T. Massie. "ANALISIS KARAKTERISTIK SOSIAL EKONOMI PENYULUH DENGAN PELAKSANAAN PENYULUHAN DI KABUPATEN MINAHASA". ZOOTEC 36, nr 2 (17.06.2016): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.35792/zot.36.2.2016.12488.
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ANALYSIS OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF EDUCATOR WITH EXTENSION IN THE DISTRICT MINAHASA. Extension workers has a strategic role in improving the welfare of farmers / ranchers. One of the factors that influence the success of the extension duties is the state socio-economic background or socio-economic characteristics of each extension. However, the extent of the relationship between socioeconomic characteristics with the implementation of the extension in Minahasa unknown. Based on these problems, the purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of these characteristics with the execution of tasks with good extension. This study uses survey data collection on respondents extension and analyzed descriptively. The collected data are presented in tables cross between variables (education and experience) were observed and analyzed by looking at the distribution Trends. The results showed that the factor of higher education Bachelor (S1) tend to be better than not on the Bachelor in execution of duty. On the other hand experience of long-serving and who have served a long time showed relatively recent trend duty (< 20 years) is better than the longtime (> 20 years). As a conclusion that the social and economic characteristics based on the educational background related to the implementation of the tasks. The higher the education the better performance of its duties educator. Keywords: Characteristics , Social Economy, Duties , Extension
10
Neshataev, Aleksandr V. "Depressed territories of the Perm Territory (extension of Lapin’s study)". Siberian Socium 4, nr 3 (2020): 67–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21684/2587-8484-2020-4-3-67-81.
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The level of socio-economic development of a region or country varies from a developed to a depressed one. A wide range of socio-economic problems in depressed territories lead to negative consequences: population migration, chronic alcoholism, a decrease in the number of business entities, and the lack of socio-psychological comfort in society. It is important to identify the problem areas according to certain criteria for the further provision of targeted measures to support specific municipalities and specific areas whose indicators are lagging behind the region. Constant monitoring of the socio-economic signs of depressive territories will make the most efficient use of the region’s budget in order to achieve more favorable living conditions for the population. This work aims to identify the depressive territories of the Perm Territory, which was based on a statistical approach. The author has analyzed the following indicators of municipalities of the Perm Territory: production decline, income level, unemployment rate, migration decline, and the level of the local budget’s income per capita. Based on the proposed criteria and indicators, the Cherdynsky, Yusvinsky, Yurlinsky, Kosinsky, and Gaynsky municipal districts were classified as depressed territories of the Perm Territory. As part of improving the welfare of depressed territories, it is necessary at the legislative level to adopt uniform criteria and conditions for classifying municipalities as requiring special attention to their socio-economic development and the subsequent development of comprehensive programs to leave the territory from the number of unsuccessful. This work continues A. V. Lapin’s research, as well as improves on the methodology and indicators he used.
11
Mgalama, Prosper Venance. "The role of agricultural extension services in socio-economic development of east Africa: A critical review". Africanus: Journal of Development Studies 44, nr 1 (19.01.2015): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/0304-615x/61.
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Diverse agricultural extension services and approaches have been pursued in east Africa with varying degrees of success. The paper explores the extent to which agriculture extension services provided by both public and private sector have been translated into meaningful social and economic development of farmers. Several dynamics in the pursuit of extension programmes include shortage of extension staff and poor working facilities, leading to inadequate capacity of unbalanced technologies and low participation of private sector were noticed. The paper outlines a number of recommendations including but not limited to strongly involve stakeholders in technology development and transfer. This will assist farmers identify their felt needs rather than the needs being determined by extension service providers.
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Makosembu, Jhon. "Global Warming: Impacts on Society and Alternative Solutions Taken". Journal Siplieria Sciences 1, nr 1 (24.09.2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.48173/jss.v1i1.1.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This article discusses the revitalization of agriculture through the knowledge of the extension agents to the community about the socioeconomic of agriculture. The interesting thing is that the potential of each region to develop agribusiness is very different. Therefore, to develop extension services that support the development of agribusiness, it is necessary to examine carefully the potential of each region. So that the diversity of extension materials must be made possible by innovation. Agricultural extension is expected to be the central point of agricultural development. However, in agricultural extension it must be remembered that extension is a form of intervention against farmers. Progressive and effective agricultural extension workers must be supported and collaborate closely with the Agricultural Research Institute including socio-economic research on agricultural extension which simultaneously conducts monitoring and evaluation of agricultural extension continuously. In disseminating information, the extension worker must carry out a reciprocal process, namely conveying information in the form of researchers' findings to farmers. Sustainable agricultural development really requires the support of strong agricultural technology and socio-economic research results. Without this, agricultural development will stagnate. Therefore, people's participation in planting knowledge needs to be increased.
13
Easwaran, Sunanda. "Technology and Socio-Economic Development in India". Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Emerging Economies 8, nr 1 (styczeń 2022): 9–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23939575211044800.
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The role of technology in business and society has grown at an accelerated pace in both developed and developing markets in the recent past. This has led to the study and use of digital technologies in a variety of fields, ranging from industry, finance and government policies to education, healthcare and social communication. Many authors have examined the link between new technologies and society in the context of what is referred to as the ‘digital divide’ between rich and poor countries. It has been postulated frequently that productivity effects of technology are moderated by country factors, and increased affordability and accessibility of technology has been instrumental in socio-economic growth across social classes, regions and economies. Education and healthcare play a critical role in socio-economic development. With special emphasis on India, this article examines how innovative technology at various levels of complexity influences societal growth, through its contribution to education and healthcare, in emerging economies. The need for and contribution of different players such as the private sector, NGOs and the government in the past few decades in India has also been discussed with emphasis on these two major contributors to development. With support of some examples of innovative entrepreneurial effort, the article discusses the efforts such as extension of use of digital technology to lower socio-economic strata and its impact on education and healthcare.
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Mwololo, Henry, Jonathan Nzuma i Cecilia Ritho. "Do farmers' socio-economic characteristics influence their preference for agricultural extension methods?" Development in Practice 29, nr 7 (23.07.2019): 844–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09614524.2019.1638344.
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Onuwa, Godfrey, S. S. Mailumo i S. O. Oyewole. "Socio-economic Determinants of Adoption of Maize Production Technologies among Smallholders". AGRIEKONOMIKA 12, nr 1 (1.05.2023): 83–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21107/agriekonomika.v12i1.14621.
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Agricultural technology adoption is germane for improved farm efficiency and productivity. Thus, the socioeconomic determinants of adoption of maize production technologies among smallholders were analyzed. Primary data collected via multi-stage sampling from 101 respondents was empirically evaluated using descriptive statistics and Logit regression. The respondent’s socioeconomic factors affected maize production technology adoption. Several maize production technologies were available in the study area; however adoption of these technologies among respondents was relatively low. The coefficient of multiple determination (R2) was 0.74827. The regression coefficients of household size (0.541), education (0.331), farm experience (0.615), farm size (0.448) and extension contact (0.457) were statistically significant at p0.05 probability level. Furthermore, the constraints identified by respondents also affected the adoption of maize production technologies in the study area. This study recommends subsidizing technology cost, improved cooperative activities; access to technology, credit and extension services, farm labour supply and tenure policy modifications.
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KIMANI, JAMES. "INFLUENCE OF SOCIO ECONOMIC FACTORS ON STAPLE FOOD PRODUCTION. A CRITICAL LITERATURE REVIEW". Journal of Food Sciences 2, nr 2 (13.08.2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/jfs.626.
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Purpose: Agricultural management practices are key for higher production and are influenced by training as well as financial resources which enable farmers to adopt better practices as well as new farming methods. The general objective of the study was to the study was to establish influence of socio economic factors on staple food production..
Methodology: The paper used a desk study review methodology where relevant empirical literature was reviewed to identify main themes and to extract knowledge gaps.
Findings: The study found out that most of the farmers were marginalized on gender, age and education and still suffers inequalities in the development ladder. Gender inequality is still in existence and plays a major role in placing the women in informal sectors, in limited wages employment activities it is an outstanding factor that plays a major role in food insecurity at house hold level. Land is a major resource for food production and majority of the small scale farmers’ occupied land that was self-owned which was less than 1 acre and was not adequate for food production for sustainable food security
Recommendations: The study recommends that that the extension services should be improved through retraining of existing extension workers , increasing the number of the extension service providers at farm levels .The government should also increase the facilitation of extension service so as to enable service delivery through training, demonstration , farm visit as well as group trainings amongst other training avenues so as to ensure the farmers are equipped with the right knowledge and technology for staple food production
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Loki, O., M. Alibe i M. M. Sikwela. "Assessment of socio-economic characteristics that determine farmers’ access to agricultural extension services in Eastern Cape, South Africa". South African Journal of Agricultural Extension (SAJAE) 49, nr 1 (26.04.2021): 198–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3221/2021/v49n1a10908.
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The study reported on in this paper investigated smallholder farmers’ access to extension services. The study sought to distinguish the varying degrees of access to services of smallholder farmers engaged in different production systems, that is, home gardening, field cropping, and livestock production. The study was conducted in Raymond Mhlaba Local Municipality in the Eastern Cape, specifically in two communities, namely Ngcabasa and Phathikhala villages. Research activities included a survey of 100 farmers as well as focus group discussions. Employing logistic regression analysis, the study aimed to understand what influences whether or not a smallholder farmer accesses extension. The study also used various types of comparative statistics (T-test) to assess the implications of access to extension support, for instance for production and farm income. The main findings of the study were that 68% of the farming households interviewed in Ngcabasa and 71% of those in Phathikhala had access to extension services. Farmers who had access to extension had more farm income in both enterprises compared to those who had no access to extension services. From the regression analysis, farmers who were more likely to receive extension support appeared to be those who were older, those with less education, and those farming with livestock.
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Mutandwa, Edward, Benjamine Hanyani-Mlambo i Joseph Manzvera. "Exploring the link between climate change perceptions and adaptation strategies among smallholder farmers in Chimanimani district of Zimbabwe". International Journal of Social Economics 46, nr 7 (8.07.2019): 850–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-12-2018-0654.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to establish the association between smallholder farmer perceptions toward climate change and adaptation strategies at the household level in Chimanimani District of Zimbabwe. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from 284 households mainly using a structured questionnaire. The Heckman probit selection model was used to first identify the underlying socio-economic factors that affect households’ recognition of climate change in the past 10 years, and the second model the factors that influence adaptation to the climate change phenomenon. Findings The majority of farmers (85 percent) perceived that climate change, characterized by rising temperatures and variability in rainfall patterns, has been occurring in the past ten years. As a response, farmers adapted using methods such as manuring and staggering of planting dates. Indigenous knowledge systems and non-governmental organizations increased the likelihood farmers’ recognition of climate change (p<0.05). The probability of adopting multiple adaptation strategies was influenced by household head’s education level, land tenure and access to public extension services. Practical implications Integrative extension methods that take into account socio-cultural values could be helpful in building resilience as farmers are better able to understand the climate change construct. There is a need to guarantee land tenure rights in resettlement areas to stimulate investment on farms. Originality/value This study showed that there is a link between farmers’ prior knowledge of climate change and the number of adaptive investments. The analysis proposed an educational and extension approach that is embedded in the socio-cultural and traditional setting of farmers.
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Antonenko, Volodymyr Stepanovych, i Volodymyr Khutkyy. "SOCIO-CULTURAL AND SOCIAL-ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF EXTENSION OF INDEPENDENT TRAVELS IN MODERN CONDITIONS". GEOGRAPHY AND TOURISM, nr 48 (2019): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2308-135x.2019.48.42-51.
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The purpose of the article is to determine the main socio-cultural and socio-economic aspects of the emergence and spread of independent travel, trends in changing requirements and expectations of travelers in modern conditions. Method. The basis of the conducted research is based on analytical, comparative-geographical and synthetic methods. Results. On the basis of in-depth analysis of printed and electronic information sources, relevant information was obtained on the impact of socio-cultural and socio-economic factors on the spread of independent travel in modern conditions. It is shown that the growth of the interest of different sections of the population in the independent organization of their recreation or travel led to the emergence of independent travelers or sew-tourists. It was proved that the main objective factors that influenced the rapid development of independent tourism, in addition to the wide introduction of information technology and telecommunications in the sphere of tourism, was the change in the motivation of travel with a predominant emphasis on intercultural communication. Intercultural communication of travelers can and should improve relations between nations, as well as enrich their own national culture on the basis of studying another culture, through the absorption of another language. Scientific novelty. The impact of the socio-cultural and socio-economic environment on the spread of independent travel in the modern conditions is substantiated substantially. Further development of knowledge about the tendencies of development of independent tourism in the conditions of deepening of globalization processes has been acquired. Practical significance. The obtained results of the research are an important information base for the development of the tourism industry in the conditions of constant expansion of independent travel. The consideration of modern trends in the development of tourism is necessary in developing an effective marketing strategy for a tourist enterprise, diversifying its activities in the conditions of changing motivations and requirements of consumers of tourist services.
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Ciferri, Alberto. "Socio-economic Inequalities in the Americas—A Mitigating Educational Approach". Journal of Education and Development 2, nr 3 (19.09.2018): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.20849/jed.v2i3.501.
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A long-range educational approach aiming to mitigate the social and economic inequalities in the Americas is presented. The approach is based on a history book that emphasizes the socio-economic evolution in 28 countries of the American Continent. The book is currently used for courses in pilot schools in Central America and its extension is planned to leading institutions in North America. A phenomenological framework facilitates the identification of novel strategies for the harmonization of different ethnic groups and economic development.
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ONYEMEKIHIAN, F., R. C. ONYEMEKONWU i M. CHISONUM. "ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY OF PRIVATE EXTENSION AMONG SMALL SCALE CASSAVA FARMERS IN EDO AND DELTA STATE, NIGERIA." FUDMA Journal of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology 8, nr 2 (31.12.2022): 138–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.33003/jaat.2022.0802.18.
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The study examined economic feasibility of private extension among small-scale cassava farmers in Edo and Delta States of Nigeria. Specifically, the study described the socio-economic characteristics of small-scale cassava farmers, examined farmer’s willingness to pay for extension services for cassava production, examine farmer’s perception on economic feasibility of private extension for cassava production and established the relationship between farmer’s socio-economic characteristics and the economic feasibility of private extension delivery for cassava production. Multi-stage sampling procedure, comprising of purposive and random sampling was used to select 391 respondents sampled with the use of structured questionnaires. Data collected were analyzed using frequency, mean, percentage and probit regression. The result showed that the respondents were young (mean age 38 years), educated (98.48%), cultivated a mean farm size of 2.04 hectares and earned a mean income of ₦151534.53 per annum. The major extension services the farmers were willing to pay for were bulletins and handbills (mean=4.83), market price information (mean=4.72), information on pest and disease control (mean= 4.72), input hiring services (mean= 4.69) and pay for advert for radio and television programmes (mean=4.56). It was equally revealed that 52.17% of the respondents (farmers) fell under the high feasibility status implying that about 52% of the respondents believed private extension services was highly feasible. Education (b=-0.263; p<0.05), farming experience b=0.044; p<0.005 and frequency of extension visit (b=0.494; p<0.05) were significant variables influencing the economic feasibility of private extension service delivery in cassava production among the respondents. It was concluded that private extension service for cassava is economically feasible in the study area from the farmer’s point of view. It was recommended that private extension service providers should reach out to small-scale cassava farmers in this study area with the view of enhancing their production performance without conflicting with the existing extension services of the government operated extension system of the Agricultural development Programme (ADP) in the study area.
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Kyambo , Onesmus, Julius Kilungo i Dorothy Amwata. "THE INFLUENCE OF SELECTED SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS ON FARMERS’ AWARENESS OF DEVOLUTION OF AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICES IN KITUI COUNTY, KENYA". American Journal of Agriculture 3, nr 1 (18.06.2021): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/aja.731.
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Purpose: Agriculture is the main stay and driver of Kenyan rural economy. Despites the critical role of agriculture in Kenya, poor access to extension support services persist. This study sought to assess the influence of selected socio-economic factors on farmers’ awareness of devolution of agricultural extension services in Kitui County.
Methodology: The study used an ex post facto descriptive survey design. A total sample of 99 farmers drawn from the population of 222,781 households in 40 wards (GOK – Economic Survey 2019.) was selected from Kitui County using a stratified random sampling approach. Questionnaires were administered to the sampled farmers. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive, inferential statistics (binary logistic regression).
Findings: This study established that older farmers were aware about devolution of agricultural extension services. This study also found that male farmers were more aware about devolution of agricultural extension services as compared to their female counterparts. Moreover, educated farmers were more aware about devolution of agricultural extension services as compared to their less educated counterparts. Family heads from wealthier households (with greater income) were more aware about devolution of agricultural extension services as compared to their counterparts from low income households. The respondents that had larger sizes of land were more likely to be more aware of about devolution of agricultural extension services as compared to household heads with smaller sizes of land.
Unique Contribution to Practice and Policy: This study recommends that more campaigns and sensitization should be made in the vast Kitui County to create awareness about the devolution of agricultural extension services and encourage more women smallholder farmers to take advantage of this service especially through organised groups. Key campaigns should especially be implemented through women groups, since women farmers had the least awareness of the devolution of agricultural extension services.
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Гром, І. С. "Factors of extension of тea subculture in different societies". Grani 22, nr 4 (26.06.2019): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/171942.
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The article is devoted to the problem of eco-geographical, socio-economic and socio-political factors of distribution of the tea subculture in various societies. As a result of the study, the author concluded that consumption of tea is a concomitant of a social structure that corresponds to liberal types of economic systems or to more archaic authoritarian regimes, or a combination of them (as in the case of China). This suggests that these societies encourage and distribute the tea subculture either as a result of the influence of the metropolises (Kenya and Nigeria), or patrimonial authoritarian regimes, or are on the agrarian or industrial developmental stage. In general, the promotion of a conservative type of development of society with traditional technologies and belated modernization corresponds to high rates of tea consumption. Transitional (transitory) societies with multiple social identities (which takes place either through multi-ethnicity, multi-confessionality, multiculturalism, consociality, etc.) also tend to increase the consumption of tea. At the same time, in the dissemination of the tea subculture, the researcher must also take into account a number of climatic, geographic and environmental factors, in particular: the permissibility / unresolved food problem; availability / unavailability of sources of drinking water of physiologically minimal utility; aridity / humidity of the climate. Socio-economic factors in the distribution of the tea subculture include harvesting and forced modernization, while maintaining archaic political institutions; high rates of social polarity / inequalities, from which the lower classes stratified the morality of intolerance towards dependents; significant discrepancies in the standard of living of territorial communities that were formed on the colonial periphery; an insignificant place of the middle class in the social structure, accompanying the inequality of material and financial and educational capital.
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Chandra, Saurabh, A. K. Singh, Kalyan Ghadei i Sabyasachi Pradhan. "Exploring the Relationship between Socio-economic Factors and ICT Adoption among Farmers". Indian Journal of Extension Education 59, nr 3 (2023): 54–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.48165/ijee.2023.59310.
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The study was conducted in Uttar Pradesh, India to assess the relationship between ICT tools and socio-economic variables of farmers. The ex-post-facto research design and multi-stage random sample technique were used. The data was collected through personal interviews with farmers. The total sample size of the study was 120 farmers. The study data were analyzed with correlation, multiple regression, and path analysis. The coefficient of determination (R2) revealed that 79.90 per cent of the total variation in the utilization of ICT tools by the farmers was explained by the selected independent variables. The path analysis was used to assess the total effect, which was decomposed into direct, indirect, and residual effects. The variable education (0.358) exerted the highest direct effect, while the total indirect effect of extension contact (0.493) was on the utilization of ICT tools by the farmers. The residual effect was 0.201, which means that 20.10 per cent of the variance could not be explained due to exogenous variables. Overall, the study suggests that education and extension contact are crucial factors that affect the utilization of ICT tools by farmers in Uttar Pradesh for agricultural purposes.
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Kella, Lakshmana, M. Swathi, K. T. Rao i T. Gopi Krishna. "Innovative extension methods lead to spread of agricultural technologies and socio-economic changes – A successful case in Vizianagaram district of Andhra Pradesh". INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES 17, nr 2 (15.07.2022): 244–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/ijps/17.2/244-249.
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The transfer of useful knowledge on Good agricultural management practices and technologies to the farmers and influencing the policy decisions in India is evident in agricultural Extension and it improved the production of food grains and other agricultural commodities since long time (Sajesh, VK and A Suresh 2016 ). Number of extension techniques, tools, methods, approaches were used by the extension specialists to achieve this targets. As number of extension methodologies and approaches are available at the desk of an extension agent and a combination of extension methods and Innovative extension approaches are always proven in reaching the farming community. Thus leading to the adoption of the technologies and increasing the farm productivity further to socio economic changes in rural society. In India the state department of agriculture is looking after the job of transfer of technology and during 1974 the ICAR established the KVKs at District level to meet the Extension needs of the Department of agriculture and Farmers. As an innovation, the ANGRAU established the DAATTCs (District Agricultural Advisory and transfer of Technology centre) during 1998 at district head quarters with an objective to test the Minikits and pre released technologies, Diagnosis and immediate solution to the farmers by the Scientists, Capacity building of farmers, rural youth and grass root level Extension functionaries and to work in convergence with line Departments to increase the out reach of Agricultural Technologies.
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TRIPATHY, HARIHARA, DIPAK KUMAR BOSE i JAHANARA JAHANARA. "KNOWLEDGE OF FARMERS TOWARDS PRIVATIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICES IN GANJAM DISTRICT OF ODISHA". International Journal of Advances in Agricultural Science and Technology 8, nr 7 (30.07.2021): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.47856/ijaast.2021.v08i7.003.
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A vast country like India cannot afford to ignore ever increasing role of PAES carried out by many individuals and agencies like Agricultural consultants, group of progressive farmers, mass media like newspapers, TV, agricultural magazines, non-government organizations, private sector banks etc. Today the challenge is not the same. Finding better market for surplus produced decides Indian agriculture. Limited rescores in extension compel to look for the support of other extension system, thus opened thinking on private extension. The present extension system has ultimatum for reshaping and strengthening the structural design for the delivery of agricultural technology and services as needed by the farming community. The study was conducted in Ganjam District of Odisha purposively for investigating socio-economic status and the association of independent variables with farmers’ knowledge towards Privatization of Agricultural Extension Services. Descriptive research design was used for the present study. A total of 120 respondents were selected purposively as a sample for the present investigation. The data was collected by using pre-tested schedule and analyzed using appropriate statistical tools. Karl Pearson’s Co-efficient of Correlation test was applied to find out the association between farmers knowledge with independent variables. The major findings of the study were the socio-economic status of the respondents was found to be of medium level, the knowledge of the respondents towards PAES had significant association with the Age, Annual income, Education, Land holding Mass Media Exposure, Extension contact, Risk orientation, and scientific orientation. From the study, it is clear that PAES has become essential in our country to increase the competitiveness in the world and give justice to our farmers. At the same time, it requires great caution about problems and constraints emerged in PAES. Keeping this points stated above the present study was undertaken in Ganjam district of Odisha with the following objectives: « To determine the socio-economic status of the respondents. « To ascertain the association between independent variables and knowledge of farmers towards Privatization of Agricultural Extension Service (PAES).
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Chisanga, Kafula, Ernest Mbega i Patrick Alois Ndakidemi. "Socio-Economic Factors for Anthill Soil Utilization by Smallholder Farmers in Zambia". Sustainability 11, nr 18 (5.09.2019): 4849. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11184849.
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In this study, we surveyed two districts of Zambia—Choma and Pemba. The aim of this study was to obtain the perspective of farmers on anthill soil utilization practices for key information that could contribute towards the development of an anthill soil based research agenda. The study employed both a qualitative and quantitative method approach to gather data from the respondents, which included farmers and key informants. Qualitative data was analyzed using the triangulation method and Computer Assisted Qualitative Data Analysis Software (CAQDAS), Nvivo version 10, while data generated from quantitative interviews with a smart phone Application (Open Data Kit) were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Results revealed that the key hurdles to the utilization of anthill soil lay in agro-climatic, biophysical, technological, land and institutional constraints. Broadly, farmers reported poor rainfall patterns (95%), decreasing soil fertility (70%), limited farm products (69%), finance (66%), limited access to research and extension services (55%) and security of land tenure (48%) as major constraints. We therefore advocate for strengthenedinstitutional linkages between research and extension for information dissemination, which would aid in decision-making used to promote integrated soil fertility management for improved agriculture production and productivity of rural households.
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Okoуе, Uсhе, Success Esomchi Obi i Okeme Ukwumonu Patrick. "Evaluation of the Socio-Economic Factors Impeding Production of Cashew in Ogaji, North Central Nigeria". Indonesian Journal of Innovation and Applied Sciences (IJIAS) 1, nr 3 (28.10.2021): 237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.47540/ijias.v1i3.309.
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The paper examined socio-economic factors affecting cashew production in Ogaji, Ankpa LGA, Northcentral Nigeria. Data was collected through a semi-structured questionnaire and interview administered to 143 registered farmers. Data obtained were analyzed descriptively using inferential statistics of mean score ranking, frequency tables and graph. Results showed that majority of the farmers were within the age of 26-35 and have been into farming since birth. Also there was moderate literacy level among the farmers as 50% of total respondents have formal education. Findings reveals that the socio-economic factor affecting production were; Access to and use of credit facilities, farmers-herders conflict, income level, transportation problem, lack of access to capital and poor extension services agent relations were the major socio-economic factors affecting cashew production in the study area. The study amongst others recommends that; the government should encourage private sectors such as Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) to invest in credits facilities like small-scale bank to offer credit to farmers at affordable rate, proactive measures should be taken to quell the farmer-herders crisis as it poses threat to farming activities. Government should strive to develop roads; this will increase small holder’s economic opportunities by reducing transport cost and allowing farmers to get access to marketing information and small holder’s cashew profitability. Extension service agent should try to understand the rural dwellers and their educational level to help them have access to extension services in other to improve their knowledge of farm management.
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Egorov, V. V. "Modeling the dynamics of two-factor socio-economic states through mappings close to extension". Vestnik Universiteta, nr 8 (30.09.2022): 104–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/1816-4277-2022-8-104-110.
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A new way of developing a mathematical model of the dynamics of the factors forming the considered social, political, economic, ecological or other space of life activity of society, depending on local changes in parameters affecting these factors, is presented. A feature of the proposed approach is the use of a matrix of marginal values included in the study that make up the Jacobi matrix of noted factors. The dependence of the factors describing the socio-economic system on the parameters of the model is obtained in explicit form. Under certain conditions, the described relations have the form of mappings close to extension. A generalized assessment of these transformations is proposed. Accounting for this assessment is important for preventing crisis phenomena. The model is intended to be used for informational, forecasting, management and governance purposes in the presence of a sufficient digitalization’s degree of public structures, without which it is problematic to receive and transmit data for building the model, and perform related calculations.
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Gupta, Rohit, Kuldeep Singh, Pragya Bhadauria i Yogendra S. Jadoun. "Socio-Economic Characteristics and Extension Intervention of Livestock Farmer in Jalandhar District of Punjab". International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 9, nr 7 (10.07.2020): 3722–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.907.436.
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Wangke, Welson Marthen. "HUBUNGAN KARAKTERISTIK SOSIAL EKONOMI PETANI PADI SAWAH DENGAN KEI-KUTSERTAAN DALAM PENYULUHAN PERTANIAN DI DESA KAMANGA KECAMATAN TOMPASO KABUPATEN MINAHASA". AGRI-SOSIOEKONOMI 8, nr 1 (30.03.2015): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.35791/agrsosek.8.1.2012.7361.
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This study aims to analyze the relationship between socio-economic characteristics rice farmers in participat-ing in agricultural extension in the Village District of Tompaso Kamanga.The method used in this research is quantitative method. The research was conducted in the Village District of Tompaso Kamanga Minahasa regency. The number of respondents were 30 farmers: Simple Random Sam-pling. By using questionnaires. The variables measured were: age is measured in (year), education is formal education (elementary Graduate, Graduate from junior high school, go to college, PT), revenue is measured from the income of the paddy rice farming (USD), the status of land ownership (see from their own land and tenants and or penyakap), participation in agricultural extension (seen from the frequency of attendance). To determine the socio-economic factors that influence the selection of a variety of extension methods used Spearman Rank correlation formula (Siegel, 1997). The results showed that the characteristics of the mem-bers of the real touch with the level of participation and vice versa if the value of the probability (P)> α, mean that there is no real relationship between the characteristics of the members of the participation rate.Keywords: Relationship, Characteristics, Farmers, Agricultural Extension
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K.O., Ajila. "Textile Innovations Delivery of Extension Services Programme for Rural Economic Empowerment and Development in Nigeria". Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 12, nr 4 (8.07.2021): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/mjss-2021-0026.
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The study assessed textile innovations delivery of extension services programme in Nigeria, with a view to establishing its proficiency for rural economic empowerment and development. Explicitly, it examined the project techno-dynamics factor; analysed its economic costume and visibility variables. For this study 10 states and 40 blocks were purposively selected and 320 groups of villages within the selected blocks were visited. Stratified and simple random sampling procedure was used in selecting 15% of respondents from each group of villages, making 3,251 across the nation. While structured and pre-tested questionnaire was used in collecting quantitative data, individual interview schedule and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were applied in eliciting qualitative information from respondents. Data collected was summarized with the use of descriptive statistics viz; percentages, means and, frequency counts. Factor analysis was applied in isolating critical factors having relationship with proefficiency. The study isolated three important factors that were crucial to proficiency. These were textile innovations socio- technical (25.09%), accessibility (23.74%) and socio-economic (20.25%). It was concluded that the introduced textile innovations was proficient for rural economic empowerment and development. For proficiency, the finding suggests that inputs must be made available at the various extension centers, and on-farm textile producers must have direct access to market board without interference of product-coordinators. Received: 2 May 2021 / Accepted: 15 June 2021 / Published: 8 July 2021
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Mohammed, F. A., Sani, M. H., Ibrahim, A. A. i Jibril, S. A. "SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND INSTITUTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WHEAT FARMERS IN JIGAWA STATE, NIGERIA". Nigerian Journal of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology 3, nr 1 (10.06.2023): 10–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.59331/njaat.v3i1.448.
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This study was carried out to analyzed the socio-economic and institutional characteristics of wheat farmers in Jigawa State, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select 503 wheat farmers (352 men and 151 women) from the study area. Data were collected through the use of structured questionnaire and analyzed; using descriptive and inferential statistics (Tobit regression). The result revealed that Majority (70%) of the respondents were male and 30% were female. About 56.0% male and 49.0% women respondents were within the age bracket of 30-39 years and 20-29 years respectively. It was revealed that 91.5% male and 95.4% female respondents were married. Furthermore, 58.3% of the female respondents had primary level of education. Meanwhile, 55.4% male and 56.3% female respondents had a household size between 6-10 persons and 1-5 persons respectively. Majority (64.2%) of the female respondents had a farm size between 0.5-1.0 hectares. About 54.8% male and 67.5% female respondents had 6-10 years and 1-5 years of farming experience. Furthermore, 68.5% of the male respondents had access to extension from Jigawa Agricultural and Rural Development Authority (JARDA) while, 51.7% women had no contact. On the other hand, 32.4% of male had extension contact twice a year while 32.5% female had contact once a year. The result further revealed that 64.9% female respondents practice mixed cropping. 52,0% male practice bed drill method of sowing. The result further shows that majority (63.3% males and 67.5% female) respondents use the LCRIWHIT-4 (Atilla-Gan-Atilla) variety of wheat, 53.0% of female respondents applied organic manure to their farmland and 72.2% of the female respondents used machine in processing the wheat grains. Majority (68%) female respondents used wheat to prepare traditional dishes. The result further shows that 61.6% of the female respondents believed that high quality wheat variety is rewarded by substantial price premium. Tobit regression estimate of the extent of participation in wheat farming had a chi-square of 54.43 and significant at P≤0.01 level and Log likelihood of 364. Men and women participated in wheat farming, except that, on average male respondents had better access to land, inputs and extension services than the female wheat farmers. Policy makers should ensure that farmers receive the latest information on wheat agronomy through regular trainings.
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Masse, Sylvain. "Forest tenant farming as tested in Quebec: A socio-economic evaluation". Forestry Chronicle 78, nr 5 (1.10.2002): 658–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc78658-5.
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This paper analyzes the socio-economic viability of forest tenant farming, a land leasing system that the Lower St. Lawrence Model Forest has been testing in Quebec since 1994. First, forest tenant farming is described, as is the approach used to evaluate this system. The evaluation approach is based on four criteria: viability of tenant farms, costs of general supervision and technical support, socio-economic impact, and potential for extending the model. The results of five studies are then summarized from the perspective of the evaluation criteria, and the principal issues raised by the testing and extension of forest tenant farming are identified. The paper concludes that this management system is socio-economically viable. Key words: forest tenure, forest tenant farming, community forestry, sustainable rural development
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Khaemba, Protas Fwamba, i Philomena W. Muiruri. "Potential socio-economic challenges facing small-scale sugarcane production in Bungoma County, Kenya". Research Journal in Advanced Social Sciences 3, nr 2 (20.09.2022): 50–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.58256/rjass.v3i2.893.
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The sugar industry is an important agricultural sector in Kenya. In 1995, the industry had employed over 35,000 workers and supported over 2 million people in the region. The sector contributes about 16% to the nation’s Gross Domestic Product. Despite of its immense contribution, its output is on decline, standing at 65 tonnes from 100 tonnes per hectare. This paper investigated socio-economic factors affecting sugarcane production in Bungoma County. The study is based on the Production Theory and Correlation Design. The targeted population was 5,838 small scale sugarcane farmers in Bumula Sub-County. The coefficient of determination indicated 67.5% variance in sugarcane output relating to the socio-economic factors of the study variables. The F value was 161.406 indicating that the regression model was fitting well. The mean variance of inflation factor (VIF) was 2.349. The study revealed that education level, farm size, land ownership, farming experience, incentives, record keeping systems, extension education, cane by-products and non-contracted cane farming had significant positive effect on cane output. Input cost was found to be a major contributor of declining cane output. The study recommends that poor cane pricing, lack of extension education and inadequate financing in the sugar sector be addressed.
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MCMULLEN, JEFFERY S. "Entrepreneurial judgment as empathic accuracy: a sequential decision-making approach to entrepreneurial action". Journal of Institutional Economics 11, nr 3 (18.12.2013): 651–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744137413000386.
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Abstract:Entrepreurship theory within economics has long touted the importance of judgment in entrepreneurial action. More recently, proponents have begun to advocate extension of this work to organization studies. However, critics of entrepreneurial judgment have responded by claiming that the construct is only meaningfulpost hocand vapid when examinedex ante. Instead, they claim that, if entrepreneurship theory is to progress, then judgment must be replaced by a process logic known as effectuation. This article examines their claims and redefines the judgment dilemma as one of scope rather than existence. Empathic accuracy is then introduced to offer a means of addressing their criticism without having to deny the existence of entrepreneurial judgment. Empathic accuracy is also shown to be capable of explaining some of the cognitive mechanisms necessary for effectuation and dynamic socio-economic order.
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Rohila, Anil Kumar, B. S. Ghanghas, P. S. Shehrawat i Pawan Kumar. "Socio economic profile of direct seeded rice (DSR) farmers of Haryana". Journal of Applied and Natural Science 8, nr 1 (1.03.2016): 451–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v8i1.815.
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The study has focused on socio economic profile, adoption level of Direct seeded rice (DSR) farmers and extension strategy to increase the adoption of DSR cultivation in Haryana (India). More than half of respondents (51.66 %) belonged to the middle age group 36-50 years and maximum 21.67 per-cent farmer qualification found metric. Majority of the farmers (50.83 per cent) had low level of socio-economic. Economic motivation of farmers was 70.83 per cent belonged to low to moderate level, whereas 67.5 per-cent of respondents belonged moderate to high innovation proneness. The overall adoption level of DSR technology was low to moderate, since 70 per-cent of respondents belonged to low to medium category.
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Adie, U. B., N. A. Ayi i B. A. Bassey. "Socio-economic factors affecting training and visit system of agricultural extension among yam farmers in Eket Local Government Area of akwa ibom state, nigeria". Journal of Agriculture, Forestry and the Social Sciences 17, nr 2 (19.04.2021): 43–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/joafss.v17i2.5.
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The study broadly examined the socio-economic factors affecting training and visit system of extension among yam farmers in Eket Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria The study had three specific objectives, namely: to: describe the socio-economic characteristics of the yam farmer; 2 determine the socio-economic factors affecting training and visit system of extension among yam farmers and describe the problems militating against yam production in the study area. The study adopted a purposive/judgmental sampling technique to select two hundred respondents for the study. Both primary and secondary data were collected and analyzed using descriptive statistics, multiple regression and Likert scale. Data was collected through the use of a set of questionnaires administered to selected respondents. The findings of the socio-economic characteristics of the yam farmers revealed that majority 77.5% were males, with 37% of them being matured adults in the age range of 51 years and above and 66.5% of the yam farmers were married with household size of 4-7 members per family. Majority of the farmers had secondary education (55%), 46.5% had farming experience of 10 years and above with monthly farm income between N20,000 - N50,000 (46.5%). Majority 88.5% of the farmers were Christians and had monthly contact with extension agents (47%). Gender, age, religion, level of education, farm income and maritalstatus statistically and significantly affect training and visit system at 1% and 5% respectively. The major constraints faced by farmers in yam production in the study area were found to include low soil fertility (3.12), low income (2.64) and land tenure system (2.52). It is recommended that in order to improve yam production, the government of Nigeria should provide favourable environment and invest heavily in yam cultivation by providing farm inputs such as fertilizers to smallholder farmers at subsidized rates. In addition, the government should provide more loans to farmers at zero or low-interest rate. Improved extension services should be provided to farmers with new technologies in order to increase their gross margins income. Social amenities and infrastructural facilities such as; good roads network, electricity as well clean sources of water should be provided in rural areas to encourage young and educated men and women to take up yam production.
Keywords: Agricultural Extension; Training and Visit , Communication, Farmers, Production, Demonstration
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Padaliya, D. N., N. B. Jadav i D. A. Padaliya. "AN ANALYSIS OF SOCIO-PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MANGO GROWERS". Gujarat Journal of Extension Education 35, nr 1 (25.06.2023): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.56572/gjoee.2023.35.1.0018.
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Socio-personal characteristics of the respondents viz- age, education, farm experience, social participation, land holding, annual income, yield index, extension contact, mass media exposure, innovativeness, scientific orientation, risk orientation, achievement motivation, economic motivation was studied. A multistage, purposive and random sampling technique was selected for the study. To study the profile of mango growers about rejuvenation technology of Gir Somnath district of Gujarat, a study with ex post facto research design was conducted in four talukas named Talala, Kodinar, Una and Sutrapada of Gir Somnath district. The interview schedule was prepared and pre-tested to collect the data. Total 120 respondents were surveyed through personal interview technique. It was revealed that 51.67 per cent of respondents belonged to middle age group, about 41.67 per cent of respondents belonged to middle or secondary school level of education and 60.00 per cent had medium farm experience. Majority (70.83 per cent) of the respondents were under the category of medium social participation, 40.84 per cent had found with medium size of landholding and about 37.50 per cent had medium level of annual income and 57.50 per cent had medium level of yield index. 54.17 per cent belonged to medium extension contact, 60.83 per cent had medium mass media exposure, 64.17 per cent had medium level of innovativeness, more than half (56.67 per cent) of the respondents had medium level of scientific orientation, further 58.33 per cent had medium level of risk orientation. Nearly half (49.17 per cent) of the respondents had medium level of achievement motivation, slightly more than half (52.50 per cent) had medium level of economic motivation.
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Sherpa, Tenzing Palmu, Pratima Rana, Parvani Sharma i Samriti . "A Study on Socio-economic Status of Tomato Growers in Solan District of Himachal Pradesh". Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology 41, nr 3 (28.02.2023): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2023/v41i31855.
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Tomato is one of the most consumed and produced horticulture crops in the world. It is more economical than food grains due to their higher production per unit area in less time as they provide a good source of income to farmers. The present study has been conducted to study the socio-economic status of tomato growers in the Solan district of Himachal Pradesh. The multi-stage sampling technique and pre-tested interview schedule were used for data collection for the study. A sample was collected from eight villages in Solan district to make a total sample size of 80 tomato growers in the study area for the agricultural year 2021-2022. Mean, percentage, frequency, and standard deviation were used to find out the socio-economic status of tomato growers. The result revealed that majority i.e., 80 per cent of tomato growers belonged to middle aged group and 33.75 per cent had primary school education. About 76.25 per cent of tomato growers had joint family with 3 to 7 family members. 77.5 per cent of tomato growers had 0.5 to 3.17 bigha under tomato cultivation with 11 to 42 years of farming experience. The gross income of tomato growers was Rs. 60,000 per bigha and net income was Rs. 38,353 per bigha. The output input ratio worked out to be 1.77. The majority i.e., 55 per cent of tomato growers had medium level of socio-economic class. This study suggests the appointment of more extension personnel at grass root level. This study will be helpful in developing suitable and effective extension programmes to increase tomato production.
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Chandra, Amitha, c. Karthikeyan i J. Paul Mansingh,. "The Determinants of Socio Economic Status of Farmers – A Systematic Literature Review". Review of Applied Socio-Economic Research 25, nr 1 (30.06.2023): 138–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.54609/reaser.v25i1.379.
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Socio-economic status (SES) is conceptualized as the social and economic standing or class of an individual or family. Socio-economic status of farmers is an important variable in agricultural social sciences studies. While it is often estimated with various indicators, however, these indicators are inconsistent and irrelevant. An attempt was made to extract the various variables used to measure the socio-economic construct and redefined it into a precise concept. A systematic review of the studies reporting the socio-economic conditions of farmers was performed by adopting the The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) best practices method and identified 235 studies. Vote counting was used to generate the determinants of SES in the selected studies. It was observed that the precise concept of SES in agricultural studies was not found. Literature Review identified 39 variables in measuring the socio-economic conditions of farmers. These variables were observed, redefined, and relevant indicators were classified into two groups: social and economic status. These include their education, occupation, income per capita, expenditure, savings, land ownership, livestock status, indebtedness, area under crops and material possession in house and farm, housing conditions, social participation, family size, caste, marital status, dependency ratio, extension contact, and mass media participation. The above-mentioned variables under the social and economic standing of farmers could be adopted by the researchers, and policymakers based on the areas of interest in studying the SES of farmers.
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Dhillon, S. Singh, S. S. "Socio-economic analysis of lavender crop in Himachal Pradesh". Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops 26, nr 1 (26.06.2017): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.25081/josac.2017.v26.i1.811.
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The data collected from 20 lavender growers of three blocks of Chamba district by personal interview using multi-stage purpose sampling technique. In lavender farms share of male labour was found to be more than female labour. Working as daily paid labourers followed by farming, service and business was the main occupation of adult family members. BCR (over total variable cost) as well as BCR (over total cost) was worked out as 3.170 and 0.642 respectively for lavender crop. Family labour income and net income measures per hectare were found to be negative for lavender crop. About 95% and 25% of selected lavender farmers’ responded positively regarding availability of good quality seed/seedlings and disease problem in seed/seedlings respectively, in the initial stage of sowing of lavender crop. Besides, 90% responded that cost of marketing of produce was high, all the respondents were hiring transport to market the produce. Likewise, 65% responded that there is lack of cheap credit from banks for lavender farming. The lack of profitability indicates the need to strengthen R&D work, extension services, training of farmers, establishment of cold storage facilities, and co-operatives farming societies for enhancing prospects of lavender farming.
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Dhalpe, N. D. Gore, i V. T. Dawane. "Study of socio-economic profile of scientists, teachers and extension workers in State Agriculture Universities". ADVANCE RESEARCH JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE 7, nr 2 (15.12.2016): 189–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/arjss/7.2/189-191.
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Saputra, Bambang Eka, Muchamad Triyanto, Lalu Murdi, M. Shulhan Hadi i Hary Murcahyanto. "Peranan Penyuluh Pertanian Lapangan pada Masyarakat di Era Modern". Kaganga:Jurnal Pendidikan Sejarah dan Riset Sosial Humaniora 5, nr 2 (1.11.2022): 289–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.31539/kaganga.v5i2.4316.
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ABSTRACT
This study aims to describe the role of Field Agricultural Extension (PPL) in improving the welfare of farming communities and to determine the inhibiting factors of agricultural extension in modern times. The research method uses a descriptive qualitative approach. The data are in the form of direct observation, interview results, and documentation results. Collecting data obtained from respondents. The analysis uses descriptive analysis and historical approach. The results of this study indicate that Field Agricultural Extension (PPL) plays a very important role in the socio-economic field in modern times. The inhibiting factors for agricultural extension are: lack of facilities and infrastructure, namely mobility, experimental land, agricultural extension equipment, funding, and social problems. The conclusion of this research is that Field Agricultural Extension (PPL) plays an active role even though there are still many obstacles.
Keywords: Agricultural Extension, Farmer, Modern Era
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Пелех, Оксана, i Богдан Юськів. "FACTORS OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: THEORETICAL APPROACHES". Via Economica, nr 1 (30.12.2022): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.32782/2786-8559/2022-1-1.
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The article discusses theoretical approaches to the factors of economic development. These approaches include theories that were created as a result of the search for the causes of differentiation in development rates and that recognize that the most important thing for development is the mobilization of the region's internal potentials. The authors analyze four concepts: New Economic Geography, Evolutionary Economics, Sustainable Development, and Intellectual Specialization. The new economic geography considers spatial relations not as one of many, but as the main factor determining socio-economic processes of growth and development. According to the concept, the main role is played by two internal forces that cause the processes of concentration and deconcentration of human/economic activity, and the result of these forces is the formation and development of agglomeration. Evolutionary economics is one of the most modern theories of economic growth and development. This theory describes economic processes by analogy with evolutionary processes in nature. Three features distinguishing it from other theories are indicated: the concept of equilibrium, the dynamics of processes, and the characteristics of business entities. The concept pays special attention to such properties as diversity, complexity, and uncertainty of socio-economic processes, which are necessary conditions for development and for development. Sustainable development is an extension of the neoliberal paradigm. Economic development is still in the forefront here, but social and environmental factors are taken into account to preserve the foundations of life and development for present and future generations. The subject of sustainable development economics is management in the society-economy-environment system. The concept of intellectual specialization is a new approach in the European Union's policy, which has become a key element of its regional policy. The strategy includes three interrelated priorities: smart growth; sustainable development; and inclusive inclusion. The aim of the strategy is to develop an individual approach for each region in all EU countries to overcome the recession and ensure long-term development.
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Okwuokenye, G. F. "ADOPTION OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES IN DISSEMINATION OF AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICES TO FARMERS IN DELTA STATE, NIGERIA: A PARADIGM SHIFT". Journal of Agripreneurship and Sustainable Development 4, nr 4 (1.12.2021): 128–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.59331/jasd.v4i4.263.
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Information and communication technologies (ICTs) is a modern means of disseminating agricultural extension services to farmers. Extension agents’ adoption of ICTs in the dissemination of agricultural extension services to farmers in Delta State, Nigeria as a paradigm shift was examined in this study. The objectives were to describe the socio-economic characteristics of the extension agents, identify the ICTs that are within the extension agents reach for use, ascertain respondents’ level of adoption of ICTs and factors limiting extension agents’ effective use of ICTs in disseminating agricultural information to farmers in the study area. Fifty-eight (58) respondents were randomly selected from Delta North and South agricultural zones of the State. Descriptive and inferential statistics were respectively used to analyze objectives and hypotheses of the study. Results revealed that the average age, household size and work experience were 43.28 years, 6 persons and 13.05 years, respectively. The respondents’ level of adoption of ICT tools was high (72.41%). Lack of funds, on-the-job training, supportive services from government, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), electricity supply and technical skills were of the serious constraints limiting effective use of ICTs by the extension agents. Other limiting factors were high cost of the tools and poor network coverage. Socio-economic variables like sex, age, educational level and work experience were found to have significantly influenced on the level of adoption of ICTs in dissemination of agricultural information to farmers. The study also revealed a significant difference between respondents with high from those with low level of adoption of ICTs. The study recommended an improvement in electricity supply to those areas where it is epileptic and the push of network providers to make network available to those areas where such is lacking or poor.
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Ojijo, Akoth Lucy, Sirmah Peter Kipkosgei i Matonyei Thomas Kibiwot. "Adoption and Implementation of Devolved Farm Forestry Extension Services from Kenya Forest Service to County Governments: Socio-Economic Wellbeing of Rural Communities and Experiences from Homabay County, Kenya". East African Journal of Forestry and Agroforestry 5, nr 1 (31.01.2022): 9–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajfa.5.1.539.
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In Kenya, all forestry functions were National Government affairs until 2013 when farm forestry extension was devolved to the 47 Counties, Homabay County being one of them. However, the adoption and extent of implementation of the devolved farm forestry extension services are little known and its impact on rural livelihoods has not been effectively established as well as the implementation of the Transition Implementation Plan by the County Government of Homabay is not evident. Structured questionnaires were administered purposively to 399 respondents spread in eight Sub-Counties of Homabay to gather data on the extent of implementation of the devolved farm forestry extension services, to evaluate socio-economic effects of farm forestry extension services to rural communities and the extent of adoption of devolved farm forestry extension services. Results indicate the extent of adoption of farm forestry extension services is low with the farmers expressing that as much as it’s a devolved function, it is not an active process within the rural communities (82%). The key socio-economic factors that affect the adoption and implementation of devolved farm forestry are; farmers level of income for purchase of tree seeds (61%), market availability for tree seedlings (44%), land sizes and tenure systems (68%). The extent of implementation was influenced by County Government budget allocation and prioritization (67%), availability of qualified personnel (81%), government policies on interactions between the two levels of governments (49%) and obligation to the Transition Implementation Plan (89%). The results suggest that County Government needs to prioritize budget allocation and have adequate personnel as means to adequately implement the devolved functions and also to implement the Transition Implementation Plan as laid down by the Kenya Forest Service.
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Filli, F. B., G. Bulus i I. Mauya. "Econometrics of Socio-economic Characteristics on Poultry-egg Production in Wukari Local Government Area, Taraba State, Nigeria". JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 7, nr 2 (28.11.2021): 74–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.56160/jaeess202172008.
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This study was on the econometrics of socio-economic characteristics of farmers on poultry-egg production in Wukari LGA of Taraba State. The study specifically, identified the socio-economic characteristics of the farmers, determined the socio-economic factors that affected poultry-egg output and identified the constraints associated with poultry-egg farming in the study area. Primary data were collected from 150 poultry-egg producers in the study area. The data collected were subjected to descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis. The findings indicated that most of the respondents (71.33%) were males between 41-60 years of age with an average of 8 years’ experience in the poultry-egg business. The multiple regression indicates high F-Value (25.158), significant at 1% and R2 was 0.604 (60.4%). The multiple regression parameters showed that education level, household size, experience, extension visit, farm location and cooperative membership were positive and significant, while household head was found to be negative and significant. The study identified poor feed quality and poor day old chick as the most serious constraints to the poultry-egg business in the area. It is recommended in the study that extension service should be encouraged and credit and inputs should be made available and affordable to poultry farm owners.
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Djoumessi, Yannick, Victor Afari-Sefa, Cyrille Bergaly Kamdem i Jean-Claude Bidogeza. "Socio-economic and institutional factors underlying efficiency of smallholder vegetable farms in Southwest region of Cameroon". International Journal of Social Economics 45, nr 1 (8.01.2018): 93–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-09-2016-0256.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the efficiency of vegetable farmers within the tree-crop based rainforest agro-ecological zone in Southwest region of Cameroon. Design/methodology/approach The non-parametric data envelopment analysis method was used to evaluate technical and scale efficiencies while the Tobit model was used to identify factors affecting efficiency of vegetable production. Findings An econometric analysis result indicates that family size, education and extension service have significant impact on both technical and scale efficiencies, whereas credit service has significant impact on scale efficiency. Practical implications Future agricultural policies could include measures to improve the capacity of farmers to efficiently use existing resources. Social implications The study highlighted that encouraging more people to engage in farm labor and facilitating smallholder access to microcredit could render vegetable farmers more efficient. Originality/value In Cameroon, only a few studies have been conducted on technical efficiency. These encompass mainly cash and food crops. To the best of our knowledge, no single study has measured technical efficiency of vegetable farmers in forest-based farming of Cameroon.
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Olorunfemi, Oluwasogo David, i Oladimeji Idowu Oladele. "Knowledge of Extension Agents regarding Professionalization of Extension Services: Evidence from South West Nigeria". Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education 25, nr 3 (15.12.2018): 33–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5191/jiaee.2018.25303.
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The study examined the knowledge of agriculture extension agents on professionalization in South West Nigeria. This was borne out of the need to improve and ensure a viable, effective and vibrant extension and advisory service delivery in the area. 301 public and 55 private extension agents were selected through a two-staged sampling procedure. A questionnaire was used to obtain data on their socio-economic characteristics, knowledge on professionalization and its components, these being analyzed using descriptive, t-test and tobit regression analyses. The results showed that the agricultural agents in the public and private extension organizations had a basic knowledge on the concept of professionalization and its components of accreditation, registration and certification. However, disparities in the level of knowledge between the public and private extension personnel were observed. The findings indicated that their educational level and background were significant influencing factors of knowledge on professionalization. The study has implications for educating and training agricultural extension agents on professionalization. Seminars and workshops should be held specifically for the public extension agencies, to upgrade their knowledge and capacity on the concept, intricacies and potential benefits of professionalization on service delivery. This will help assist the institutionalization of professionalization in the agricultural extension sector and enhance competent, accountable and effective extension and advisory services delivery.