Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Socio Economics and Extension

Spis treści

  1. Artykuły w czasopismach
  2. Rozprawy doktorskie
  3. Książki
  4. Części książek
  5. Streszczenia konferencji
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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Socio Economics and Extension”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 6 września 2023

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Socio Economics and Extension"

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Mishra, Srijit. "On measuring group-differentials displayed by socio-economic indicators: an extension". Applied Economics Letters 15, nr 12 (10.10.2008): 935–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13504850600972238.

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Sutrisno, Eddy. "PENGARUH STRATEGI PENYULUHANDAN TINGKAT STATUS SOSIAL EKONOMITERHADAP PENGETAHUAN NELAYANTENTANG KOSERVASI PESISIR PANTAI (Sebuah Eksperimen di Kecamatan Telukbetung Barat, Kota Bandar Lampung)". Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Lingkungan dan Pembangunan 13, nr 1 (4.05.2017): 39–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/plpb.131.04.

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This study aims to determine the effect of counseling strategies and levels of socio economic status of knowledge about the conservation of coastal fishermen. The method used in this study is an experiment with 2 x 2 factorial design. The study population was fishing in the District of West Telukbetung, Bandar Lampung numbered 32 people. Data analysis technique used is the Two-Way Analysis of Variance followed by Tukkey test. The findings of this study include: 1) Knowledge of the conservation of coastal areas that follow the strategy of grouping extension is higher than that following the classical extension strategy.; 2) For the fisherman with high level of social economic status with knowledge about coastal conservation among groups of fishermen who follow counseling strategies and follow the strategy of grouping classical education. Where the higher is the group of fishermen that high social economic status following the strategy of grouping extension; 3) For the fisherman with a low level of socio-economic status with knowledge about coastal conservation among groups of fishermen who follow the strategy of grouping extension and follow the classical extension strategy. Where the higher is the group of fishermen that low social economic status following the strategy of classical education, and 4) There is interaction effect between education strategy and the level of socio economic status of knowledge on coastal conservation. Based on these findings we can conclude that there is no extension strategies are most effective, depending on background characteristic fishermen and their socio economic status. Therefore, if the selected grouping strategy is appropriate only to fishermen who have a high socioeconomic status, education classical conversely, if the strategy is dominated by the lecture method is chosen, then it is just right for the fishermen who have low socioe conomic status.
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Nam, Sang-Ho. "정년연장의 사회경제적 효과 분석". Review of Institution and Economics 17, nr 1 (28.02.2023): 61–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.30885/rie.2023.17.1.061.

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Mwaura, Mary Njoki, Sabina Mukoya Wangia, Japheth Ododa Origa i Lee Ernest Mbatia Oliver. "Socio- Economic Characteristics of Urban Extension Workers Influencing Empowerment of Farmers in Nairobi County, Kenya". Journal of Agricultural Extension 24, nr 2 (10.05.2020): 60–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jae.v24i2.7.

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The study examined the influence of socio-economic characteristics of urban extension workers on farmers’ empowerment. Purposive and simple random sampling methods were used to select 64 extension workers by utilizing the Yamane formula. Data were collected by the use of questionnaires. Frequencies, percentiles and multiple linear regressions were utilised to analyse the data. The extension workers’ socio - economic characteristics were found to positively influence the choice of extension methods. The findings revealed that 37.2% of farmer empowerment could be explained by the choice of extension methods influenced by the characteristics of extension workers. However, 49.9% of the extension workers were not aware of the adult learning principles (ALPs) that are employed in the appropriate choice of extension methods. The study recommends that extension workers in Nairobi County be trained in competencies to consider ALPs and information communication and technology (ICT) techniques in choices of extension methods. These competencies can ultimately lead to an extension system design transformation that will assist the few extension workers to serve more farmers efficiently and effectively leading to farmer empowerment. Key words: Extension worker characteristics, farmer empowerment, Nairobi, urban and peri-urban agriculture.
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Zafirovski, Milan Z. "The economic approach to human behaviour under scrutiny: an overview of arguments for the autonomy of social action". Social Science Information 40, nr 2 (czerwiec 2001): 195–240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/053901801040002002.

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The article reviews and re-examines some arguments against the treatment of social action within the economic approach as an extension of economic behaviour/rationality and thus against its denial of the specific, irreducible nature of the extra-economic. A major argument is that social action is a sui generis phenomenon that cannot be reduced with theoretical impunity to its economic modalities. Social action is characterized by substantial autonomy relative to economic behaviour/rationality. Arguments about the autonomous character of social action seek to remedy the indiscriminate extension of the economic approach beyond the field of economy to all human behaviour construed as consistent utility maximization. These arguments adduce certain classes of factors (socio-psychological, socio-cultural, socio-systemic and others) contributing toward the autonomy of social action. In addition, the economic-approach treatment of the human actor as Homo economicus is reversed by conceiving the economy as a domain of social action of which economic behaviour is a special case.
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Suleiman, Yusuf S., Taofiki Aminu, Yahaya Kaka, Faith I. Agbomakha, Abdullahi G. Auwal i Danlami H. Yakubu. "Socio-economic Factors Influencing Extension Workers’ Effective use of Knowledge Management in Agricultural Extension Services". Equity Journal of Science and Technology 8, nr 1 (19.04.2022): 116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/equijost.v8i1.20.

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The study assessed the factors influencing extension workers effective use of Knowledge Management (KM) inSokoto State, Nigeria. Purposive sampling procedure was used to sample respondents from the study area andExtension Workers were selected from Sokoto Agricultural Development Project (SADP). Socio-economiccharacteristics were using structured questionnaire and a total of 188 respondents were sampled and data collectedanalysed using descriptive statistics and logit model as tools of analysis. The result of the study showed that 74.4% ofthe extension workers were male and majority (79.8%) were married. More so, 35% of the extension workers arewithin the age range of 31 – 40 years with household average size of 5-10 children. Majority (79%) of the extensionworkers had tertiary education. (35%) had experience ranging from 21-25 years on extension service delivery. About41% of respondents used motor cycle as a mean of transportation. Result of logit model shows that marital status,level of education, service experience, cosmopolitness and means of transportation had positive and significantrelationship with effectiveness of KM whereas household size and rank of extension workers had significant andnegative relationship with KM. It is therefore recommended that KM be encouraged and disseminated through topmanagement approach in SADP. This will avail quality and better extension service delivery by extension agencybecause the vast knowledge and experience garnered on effective extension service delivery by top managementofficer will be shared and passed on to junior officers. This will go in line with strengthening and improving thecapacity building of extension workers.
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Misiński, Wojciech. "Why does mainstream economy not explain the causes of contemporary negative socio-economic phenomena?" WSB Journal of Business and Finance 53, nr 1 (1.02.2019): 92–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/wsbjbf-2019-0010.

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Abstract This article is a continuation and extension of the lecture ‘Causes and effects of incompleteness and non-inclusion of ownership structures of contemporary capital companies’ delivered at the conference in Wrocław in 2017 and published in the Scientific Notebooks of the University of Economics (No. 493). The aim of the article is to answer the question: why the Neoclassical Theory of Markets (Main Current Economics) does not explain the causes of a number of contemporary socio-economic phenomena, in particular, huge price fluctuations, breakdowns of individual markets and as a consequence of economic crises on a global scale? This required a new, different from the neoclassical view of the series of processes and market phenomena occurring in contemporary economies as well as the verification of the Neoclassical Market Theory paradigm constituting the main core of the Mainstream Economics. These include, in particular: 1) theoretical (classical) and real ‘object (s)’ analysis of market transactions; 2) rejection of one-dimensional, neoclassical analysis of exchange processes (transactions), accepting two or even three-dimensional analysis of the exchange process (transaction); 3) analysis of exchange processes (transactions), the ‘subject’ of which are complete, incomplete or partial (and their bundles) property rights; 4) analysis of exchange processes (transactions) by complete and exclusive and incomplete and non-exclusive decision-makers; 5) analysis of exchange processes (transactions), whose ‘subject’ are partial (and their bundles) property rights in relation to virtual (non-material) ‘goods’. Taking into account that the above verification (acceptance of a different from the neoclassical paradigm of market theory) allows to break out of the circle of elegant and logical neoclassical analysis of theoretical, never and nowhere existing markets (exchange processes), and more importantly, the explanatory reasons for a series of negative, contemporary socio-economic phenomena.
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Garenba, Mbemba. "Agricultural Revitalization Through Extension Knowledge to the Community Regarding the Socio-Economy of Agriculture". Journal Siplieria Sciences 1, nr 1 (24.09.2020): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.48173/jss.v1i1.3.

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This article discusses the revitalization of agriculture through the knowledge of the extension agents to the community about the socioeconomic of agriculture. The interesting thing is that the potential of each region to develop agribusiness is very different. Therefore, to develop extension services that support the development of agribusiness, it is necessary to examine carefully the potential of each region. So that the diversity of extension materials must be made possible by innovation. Agricultural extension is expected to be the central point of agricultural development. However, in agricultural extension it must be remembered that extension is a form of intervention against farmers. Progressive and effective agricultural extension workers must be supported and collaborate closely with the Agricultural Research Institute including socio-economic research on agricultural extension which simultaneously conducts monitoring and evaluation of agricultural extension continuously. In disseminating information, the extension worker must carry out a reciprocal process, namely conveying information in the form of researchers' findings to farmers. Sustainable agricultural development really requires the support of strong agricultural technology and socio-economic research results. Without this, agricultural development will stagnate. Therefore, people's participation in planting knowledge needs to be increased.
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Mangare, Gabriella, B. F. J. Sondakh, F. S. Oley i M. T. Massie. "ANALISIS KARAKTERISTIK SOSIAL EKONOMI PENYULUH DENGAN PELAKSANAAN PENYULUHAN DI KABUPATEN MINAHASA". ZOOTEC 36, nr 2 (17.06.2016): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.35792/zot.36.2.2016.12488.

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ANALYSIS OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF EDUCATOR WITH EXTENSION IN THE DISTRICT MINAHASA. Extension workers has a strategic role in improving the welfare of farmers / ranchers. One of the factors that influence the success of the extension duties is the state socio-economic background or socio-economic characteristics of each extension. However, the extent of the relationship between socioeconomic characteristics with the implementation of the extension in Minahasa unknown. Based on these problems, the purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of these characteristics with the execution of tasks with good extension. This study uses survey data collection on respondents extension and analyzed descriptively. The collected data are presented in tables cross between variables (education and experience) were observed and analyzed by looking at the distribution Trends. The results showed that the factor of higher education Bachelor (S1) tend to be better than not on the Bachelor in execution of duty. On the other hand experience of long-serving and who have served a long time showed relatively recent trend duty (< 20 years) is better than the longtime (> 20 years). As a conclusion that the social and economic characteristics based on the educational background related to the implementation of the tasks. The higher the education the better performance of its duties educator. Keywords: Characteristics , Social Economy, Duties , Extension
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Neshataev, Aleksandr V. "Depressed territories of the Perm Territory (extension of Lapin’s study)". Siberian Socium 4, nr 3 (2020): 67–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21684/2587-8484-2020-4-3-67-81.

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The level of socio-economic development of a region or country varies from a developed to a depressed one. A wide range of socio-economic problems in depressed territories lead to negative consequences: population migration, chronic alcoholism, a decrease in the number of business entities, and the lack of socio-psychological comfort in society. It is important to identify the problem areas according to certain criteria for the further provision of targeted measures to support specific municipalities and specific areas whose indicators are lagging behind the region. Constant monitoring of the socio-economic signs of depressive territories will make the most efficient use of the region’s budget in order to achieve more favorable living conditions for the population. This work aims to identify the depressive territories of the Perm Territory, which was based on a statistical approach. The author has analyzed the following indicators of municipalities of the Perm Territory: production decline, income level, unemployment rate, migration decline, and the level of the local budget’s income per capita. Based on the proposed criteria and indicators, the Cherdynsky, Yusvinsky, Yurlinsky, Kosinsky, and Gaynsky municipal districts were classified as depressed territories of the Perm Territory. As part of improving the welfare of depressed territories, it is necessary at the legislative level to adopt uniform criteria and conditions for classifying municipalities as requiring special attention to their socio-economic development and the subsequent development of comprehensive programs to leave the territory from the number of unsuccessful. This work continues A. V. Lapin’s research, as well as improves on the methodology and indicators he used.
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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Socio Economics and Extension"

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Sun, Wenyi. "Data mining extension for economics". Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5869.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on September ) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Tibezinda, Painentius J. "Measures of extension impact : a comparative study of three agricultural extension programs in Hoima District, Uganda /". Connect to resource, 1996. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1201118956.

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Pinto, Leonardo de Barros. "Os impactos locais de um assentamento rural : uma avaliação socio-economica a partir da produção leiteira". [s.n.], 2000. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/257517.

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Orientador : Sonia Maria P. P. Bergamasco
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola
Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-27T19:15:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pinto_LeonardodeBarros_M.pdf: 3129066 bytes, checksum: 05f78dca80deb2349c0149a3e94f982f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2000
Resumo: Este estudo teve como objetivo principal a análise dos impactos sócio-econômicos causados pela inserção do assentamento Fazenda Reunidas, localizado no município de Promissão-SP. Para tanto, partiu-se de uma contextualização histórica da formação e desenvolvimento da região em estudo, elaborando em seguida uma caracterização dos produtores buscando detectar as diferenciações existentes entre eles, com ênfase na pecuária leiteira. Tal abordagem está calcada na grande importância que a pecuária leiteira representa para os produtores do assentamento e para o Município. Os dados utilizados para análise basearam-se em levantamentos realizados em 1998 através da pesquisa "Os Impactos Regionais dos Assentamentos Rurais: dimensões econômicas, políticas e sociais", e também nas cadernetas de campo do Departamento de Assentamentos Fundiários do Instituto de Terras do Estado de São Paulo, referentes à safra 97/98. Para a obtenção dos grupos utilizaram-se métodos exploratórios de classificação hierárquica, reafirmados em seguida por um método de partição. Foram encontrados cinco grupos distintos, dois com pecuária leiteira e outros três cuja produção está baseada apenas na agricultura. As análises por grupo mostraram uma acentuada variação nas combinações dos recursos disponíveis à produção, incluindo aí a mão-de-obra empregada, a utilização de insumos, o crédito, entre outros. Por outro lado, constatou-se que as pessoas presentes no Assentamento Fazenda Reunidas, sem dúvida apresentaram melhorias significativas nas suas condições de vida quando comparadas às situações em que se encontravam anteriormente ao assentamento. Os resultados demonstraram ainda que, no caso do Município, o assentamento causou inúmeras alterações na localidade
Abstract: The aim of this studywas to analyzethe socialand economical impacts caused by the insertionofthe settlement "Fazenda Reunidas",localized in the borough of Promissão -S.P. To do that a historical context of the formation and development of the region in study was used, and after that, a characterization of the producers was worked out in order to detect be existent different mion among them, emphasizing milk cattle- breeding.This approach is based on the importance that milk tle-breedingre presents to the settlement producers and the borough. The dataused for analysis were based on surveysrelized in 1998 through the research "The Regional Impacts of Rural Settlements: Economical, Political and Social Dimensions", and also on the notes of the Institute of Grounds from São Paulo State, referred to the 97/98 harvest. To the attainment of the groups, exploiters methods of hierarchic classification were used and right afier this methods were reaffirmed by a partition method. Five distinct group swere formed,two of them with the milk cattle-breeding,and three whose production is based on the agriculture only. The group analysis showed an accentuated variation on the combination of the available resources for the production, including the work forceused, the fertilizers used, amongothers. Compared to the situation they lived before the settlement the people from ''Fazenda Reunidas"settlement showed, significant improvement in their tife conditions. And in this case, the settlement caused countless changes in the locality
Mestrado
Planejamento e Desenvolvimento Rural Sustentável
Mestre em Engenharia Agrícola
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Kampelmann, Stephan. "The socio-economics of pay rules". Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL12001/document.

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Cette dissertation s'attache à l'étude des inégalités de salaire dans la société capitaliste contemporaine, phénomène qui conjugue des enjeux politiques conséquents avec une crispation des débats entre les différentes écoles de pensées. Il y est défendu la thèse selon laquelle les inégalités de salaire sont le résultat de règles socialement construites qui ne peuvent pas être exclusivement attribuées aux intérêts du capitalisme rationnel. La partie empirique se focalise sur les inégalités entre les catégories professionnelles et applique des méthodes économétriques à des microdonnées diachroniques d'Allemagne et de Belgique. Étonnement, trois études empiriques ne fournissent que peu d'éléments pour la validation des modèles conventionnels de la formation des salaires. Nous y montrons notamment que les règles salariales qui différencient les catégories professionnelles ne peuvent pas être expliquées d'après (i) leur correspondance avec les inégalités en termes de productivités marginales relatives, ou d'après (ii) l'impact asymétrique du changement technologique sur les professions. En revanche, la structure des rémunérations est significativement associées à la composition des différentes professions (taux de syndicalisation, ratio femmes/hommes ou niveau d'éducation) et aux variations dans la configuration nationale des institutions du marché du travail. Ainsi, cette étude ne met pas seulement en évidence la faiblesse de l'assise empirique des théories conventionnelles du salaire, mais il fait également ressortir des concepts socio-économiques et des résultats empiriques qui pourrait aider au recalibrage de l'analyse institutionnelle des rémunérations
The dissertation examines pay inequalities in contemporary capitalist societies, a phenomena that combines clear policy relevance and entrenched controversies between different schools of thought. It defends the thesis that pay inequalities are the result of socially constructed rules that cannot be ascribed exclusively to capitalist-rational interests. The empirical part of the dissertation focuses on inequalities between occupations and applies econometric methods to representative panel data from Germany and Belgium. Three empirical studies provide surprisingly thin evidence for conventional models of the determination of earnings. We notably show that the pay rules that differentiate occupational categories cannot be explained with (i) corresponding inequalities in relative marginal productivities or (ii) the asymmetric impact of technological change on different occupations. By contrast, the structure of occupational pay is significantly associated with the composition of occupations (e.g.\ changes in unionisation, gender ratios, or educational mix) and cross-country variations in the institutional configuration of labour markets. The dissertation therefore not only highlights the weak empirical footing of conventional wage theories but also socio-economic concepts and factual evidence that help to recalibrate the institutional analysis of earnings
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Maung, Mya. "Comparative analysis of Agricultural Extension models and development of recommendations for the Agricultural Extension System of Burma /". The Ohio State University, 1989. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487675687172678.

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Bowen, Cathy Faulcon. "Financial management training needs of Extension home economists /". The Ohio State University, 1988. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487591658174598.

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Ackah-Nyamike, Edward Ernest. "Expanding the funding base for public agricultural extension delivery in Ghana : an analysis of farmer willingness to pay for extension services". Thesis, University of Reading, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288736.

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Barney, Bradley J. "Accounting for additional heterogeneity : a theoretic extension of an extant economic model /". Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2007. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2122.pdf.

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Bain, Ruey-Fen Cheryl. "Balancing work and family life needs : extension staff of the Farmers' Associations in Taiwan /". Connect to resource, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1202414115.

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Mizer, Linnette S. "Extension home economists' attitudes toward older adults". Connect to resource, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1201883470.

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Książki na temat "Socio Economics and Extension"

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Pehu, Eija. Nakuru and Myandarua Intensified Forestry Extension Project: Socio-economic baseline survey. [Nairobi] Kenya: FINNIDA in cooperation with Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources, Forest Dept., 1991.

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Farrington, John. Improving the effectiveness of agricultural research and extension in India: An analysis of institutional and socio-economic issues in rainfed areas. New Delhi: National Centre for Agricultural Economics and Policy Research, 1998.

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Etzioni, Amitai. Essays in Socio-Economics. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03900-7.

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Essays in socio-economics. Berlin: Springer, 1999.

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Bürgenmeier, Beat. Socio-Economics: An Interdisciplinary Approach. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2966-4.

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Mnakapa, Zen-Asser. Socio-economics for ordinary people. Windhoek: National Society for Human Rights, 1994.

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1929, Etzioni Amitai b., Lawrence Paul R, Harvard University. Graduate School of Business Administration. i International Conference on Socio-Economics (1st : 1989 : Harvard Business School), red. Socio-economics: Toward a new synthesis. New York: M. E. Sharpe, 1991.

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Amitai, Etzioni, Lawrence Paul R, Harvard University. Graduate School of Business Administration. Division of Research. i International Conference on Socio-Economics (1st : 1989 : Harvard Business School), red. Socio-economics: Toward a new synthesis. Armonk, N.Y: M.E. Sharpe, 1991.

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Insolence of office: Socio-politics, socio-economics and the American republic. Valencia, CA: 512k Entertainment, LLC, 2011.

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Ensayos socio-económicos. Santo Domingo, República Dominicana: Editora Universitaria-UASD, 1985.

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Części książek na temat "Socio Economics and Extension"

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Gualtieri, Andrea, i Marin Marinov. "The Metro Network Extension in the West Midlands: A Socio-economic Impact Assessments". W Urban Rail Transit, 115–37. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5979-2_6.

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Chouichom, Seksak. "Some Socio-Economic Factors Affecting Farmers’ Participation of Agricultural Extension Education Efforts: A Case Study in Northeastern Thailand". W Science, Policy and Politics of Modern Agricultural System, 47–60. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7957-0_4.

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Cholat, Florent, i Luca Daconto. "Reversed Mobilities as a Means to Combat Older People’s Exclusion from Services: Insights from Two Alpine Territories in France and Italy". W International Perspectives on Aging, 141–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51406-8_11.

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AbstractOlder people’s social exclusion in mountain areas is often the result of service inaccessibility. Mountain territories are indeed partly characterised by a low availability of services and high transport constraints. In this environment, older people, with a lower capacity for mobility (such as impaired or not autonomous individuals), require a set of reversed mobilities, where the mobility of relatives, caregivers or shops ensures, at least indirectly, their access to relevant services. This chapter aims to stress how reversed mobilities may promote older people’s inclusion in mountain areas and contribute to a better understanding of exclusion from services. In particular, we will emphasise: (1) the interaction between different factors in constructing service inaccessibility as an exclusionary process in the lives of mountain dwelling older people; (2) the key role played by reversed mobilities in combatting older people’s experience of exclusion from services in mountain areas, as well as the environmental, economic and social costs and “new” inequalities that might be associated with this form of adaptation. Our analysis is underpinned by a focus on two European Alpine territories (Isère, France; Bergamo, Italy) as exploratory examples. The extension of our arguments to other socio-cultural contexts is also considered.
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Venter, Gary. "A Mortality Model for Pandemics and Other Contagion Events". W Springer Actuarial, 75–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78334-1_5.

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AbstractThe crisis caused by COVID-19 has had various impacts on the mortality of different sexes, age groups, ethnic and socio-economic backgrounds and requires improved mortality models. Here a very simple model extension is proposed: add a proportional jump to mortality rates that is a constant percent increase across the ages and cohorts but which varies by year. Thus all groups are affected, but the higher-mortality groups get the biggest increases in number dying. Every year gets a jump factor, but these can be vanishingly small for the normal years. Statistical analysis reveals that even before considering pandemic effects, mortality models are often missing systemic risk elements which could capture unusual or even extreme population events. Adding a provision for annual jumps, stochastically dispersed enough to include both tiny and pandemic risks, improves the results and incorporates the systemic risk in projection distributions. Here the mortality curves across the age, cohort, and time parameters are fitted using regularised smoothing splines, and cross-validation criteria are used for fit quality. In this way, we get more parsimonious models with better predictive properties. Performance of the proposed model is compared to standard mortality models existing in the literature.
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Glancey, Keith S., i Ronald W. McQuaid. "Socio-Economic Influences on Entrepreneurship". W Entrepreneurial Economics, 78–97. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780333981245_5.

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Tronstad, Russell, i Mike Woods. "Cooperative extension system". W The Routledge Handbook of Agricultural Economics, 728–47. New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315623351-39.

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Aulin, Arvid. "A Necessary Extension of Economics". W The Origins of Economic Growth, 31–34. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60712-7_3.

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Persson, Lars Olof, i Ulf Wiberg. "Dissolution of the Socio-Economic Conformity". W Contributions to Economics, 1–11. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-46973-2_1.

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Dijkstra, Bram. "The Beginnings of Socio-historical Analysis". W Defoe and Economics, 120–40. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-18779-9_6.

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Rader, Trout. "Toward a Socio-Economic Theory". W The Economics of Feudalism, 1–37. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003371038-1.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Socio Economics and Extension"

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Bodrug, Nicolae. "Unele aspecte a starii sanatatii populatiei în raioanele Orhei si Telenesti". W Impactul antropic asupra calitatii mediului. Institute of Ecology and Geography, Republic of Moldova, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.53380/9789975330800.06.

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. Environmental pollution affects population health depending on the extension and the degree of exposure to environmental factors. In most cases it is difficult to obtain an accurate situation of exposure of population to harmful factors. Health status is determined by: human biology, ecological factors, the socio-economic situation of each person, and the quality of medical services. In according to regional peculiarities the interdependence of those factors could vary, but not significantly. The environmental risks are everywhere but diminishing them may improve the health status of the population.
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Bodrug, Nicolae. "Unele aspecte a stării sănătății populației în raioanele Orhei și Telenești". W Starea actuală a componentelor de mediu. Institute of Ecology and Geography, Republic of Moldova, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.53380/9789975315593.25.

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Environmental pollution affects population health depending on the extension and the degree of exposure to environmental factors. In most cases it is difficult to obtain an accurate situation of exposure of population to harmful factors. Health status is determined by: human biology, ecological factors, the socio-economic situation of each person, and the quality of medical services. In according to regional peculiarities the interdependence of those factors could vary, but not significantly. The environmental risks are everywhere but diminishing them may improve the health status of the population.
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Stemberk, Josef. "ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF ŠUMAVA NATIONAL PARK". W Fourth International Scientific Conference ITEMA Recent Advances in Information Technology, Tourism, Economics, Management and Agriculture. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/itema.2020.73.

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The main task of nature protection is to preserve or improve the current state of nature. Thus, it might seem that the economic benefits of the national park are not important for the management of the protected area, but calculating the economic benefits of protected areas for the region improves its acceptance among locals and visitors, as well as political and economic actors. From 2017 to 2019, Šumava National Park (Bohemian Forest National Park) in the Czech Republic and Nationalpark Bayerischer Wald (Bavarian Forest National Park) were subjected to extensive socio-economic monitoring, which included, among other things, research focusing on the economic benefits that visitors brought to both national parks. This article presents the results of research of the regional economic benefits that visitors brought to Šumava National Park compared with those in Bavarian Forest National Park, although the methods and findings were not absolutely identical and therefore difficult to compare.
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Arelekatti, V. N. Murthy, i Amos G. Winter. "Design of Mechanism and Preliminary Field Validation of Low-Cost, Passive Prosthetic Knee for Users With Transfemoral Amputation in India". W ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-47385.

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An estimated 230,000 above-knee amputees in India are currently in need of prosthetic care, a majority of them facing severe socio-economic constraints. However, only few passive prosthetic knee devices in the market have been designed for facilitation of normative gait kinematics and for meeting the specific daily life needs of above-knee amputees in the developing world. Based on the results of our past studies, this paper establishes a framework for the design of a low-cost prosthetic knee device, which aims to facilitate able-bodied kinematics at a low metabolic cost. Based on an exhaustive set of functional requirements, we present a prototype mechanism design for the low-cost prosthetic knee. The mechanism is implemented using an early stance lock for stability and two friction dampers for achieving able-bodied kinematics and kinetics of walking. For early-stage validation of the prosthesis design, we carry out a preliminary field trial on four above-knee amputees in India and collect qualitative user feedback. Future iterations of the mechanism prototype will incorporate an additional spring component for enabling early stance flexion-extension.
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Costa, Fabiene Cristina Carvalho, i Carlos David Nassi. "Urban mobility, socioeconomic and urban transport variables in metropolitan areas in three continents". W CIT2016. Congreso de Ingeniería del Transporte. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/cit2016.2016.3763.

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Transportation is the soul of urban cities. Find sustainable ways to keep people moving in our cities is more important than ever. Historically, cities have developed in different ways. Each has its own personality and complexity. But in all cases, transport and mobility have played a key role in city life. Due to the relevance of mobility this article tries to establish the relationship between some variables. The method was developed by collecting, analyzing and comparing data on metropolitan regions in North America, South America, Europe and Oceania through a mathematical model. From each selected location the following data were gathered: population, area (km²), demographic density (inhab/km²), socio-economic aspects (annual GDP per capita), transport system (subway extension), number of trips per person per day and modal split (% non-motorized, % public transport and % private transport). In this study we analyze some variables that influence the number of trips per person per day. Understanding the associations between all the variables that influence the number of trips per person per day contributes the planners to determine whether changes are needed to improve in the transport system in the metropolitan region.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.3763
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Mu, Mengting, Junlin Chen, Yu Yang i Jian Guo. "The Multi-product Newsvendor Problem: Review and Extensions". W 2019 6th International Conference on Behavioral, Economic and Socio-Cultural Computing (BESC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/besc48373.2019.8962977.

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ORTIZ, GIANNINA, i CESAR GARITA. "A BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE APPROACH TO PRIORITIZE BRIDGE MAINTENANCE ACTIVITIES". W Structural Health Monitoring 2021. Destech Publications, Inc., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/shm2021/36245.

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Given the general condition of road infrastructure in Costa Rica, the proper prioritization of maintenance activities for bridges is essential for government institutions to effectively plan and assign resource investments. This work presents the main results of an extension project developed by the e-Bridge program of the Costa Rica Institute of Technology, with the objective of designing and applying a methodology for prioritizing maintenance activities for bridges, taking as a case study the actual bridges managed by a specific regional municipality. To this end, first, a given set of bridges were inspected and evaluated. Then, with this detailed inventory information, a set of key bridge performance indicators were defined including structural condition, environmental variables, and socio-economical categories. Consequently, a tailor-made methodology was proposed to prioritize different kinds of maintenance activities for the respective bridges using the above-mentioned indicators. The methodology was implemented using a business intelligence tool to manage all the information and solve prioritization queries. This tool and the major findings of the project were shared during the project with community actors and municipality collaborators through several workshops. The resulting methodology and developed tool effectively support decision-making regarding bridge maintenance activities for the target municipality and could be applied nation-wide.
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Ivlev, Vitaly Yu, i Marina I. Ivleva. "Ecology and Economics: Socio-philosophical Aspect". W Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Contemporary Education, Social Sciences and Ecological Studies (CESSES 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/cesses-19.2019.246.

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Mokiy, Mikhail. "Value-purposed bases of socio-economic development". W System analysis in economics – 2018. Prometheus publishing house, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.33278/sae-2018.eng.062-065.

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Mazur-Kumrić, Nives, i Ivan Zeko-Pivač. "TRIGGERING EMERGENCY PROCEDURES: A CRITICAL OVERVIEW OF THE EU’S AND UN'S RESPONSE TO THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC AND BEYOND". W EU 2021 – The future of the EU in and after the pandemic. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/18300.

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The large-scale COVID-19 pandemic is a severe public health emergency which poses distressing social and economic challenges to the international community as a whole. In order to provide immediate and effective support to affected welfare and healthcare systems as well as to build their lasting, inclusive and sustainable recovery, both the European Union and the United Nations have introduced a number of urgent measures aiming to help and protect citizens and economies. This paper looks into the specificities of urgent procedures launched and carried out by the two most influential international organisations with a view to rapidly respond to the unprecedented COVID-19 crisis. More specifically, it focuses on the involved institutions and steps of urgent procedures as well as on their most remarkable outcomes. In the case of the European Union, the emphasis is put primarily on two Coronavirus Response Investment Initiatives (CRIIs), adopted during the Croatian Presidency of the Council in one of the fastest legal procedures in the history of the European Union, and the Recovery Assistance for Cohesion and the Territories of Europe (REACT-EU) as an extension of the CRIIs’ crisis repair measures. The overarching United Nations’ response is assessed through an analysis of its urgent policy agenda developed on the premise that the COVID-19 pandemic is not only a health and socio-economic emergency but also a global humanitarian, security and human rights crisis. This particularly includes procedures foreseen by the Global Humanitarian Response Plan (GHRP) and the Strategic Preparedness and Response Plan (SPRP). In addition, the aim of the paper is to provide a critical overview of the subject by highlighting three pivotal elements. First, the paper sheds light on the financial aspects of the urgent fight against the COVID-19 pandemic, necessary for turning words into action. Notably, this refers to funds secured by the Multiannual Financial Frameworks 2014-2020 and 2021-2027, and the Next Generation EU recovery instrument, on the one hand, and the UN COVID-19 Response and Recovery Fund, the UN Central Emergency Response Fund and the Solidarity Response Fund, on the other hand. Second, it offers a comparative evaluation of the end results of the European and global emergency procedures in mitigating the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, it summarises the underlying elements of measures governing the aftermath of the ongoing crisis, i.e. those promoting a human-centred, green, sustainable, inclusive and digital approach to future life.
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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Socio Economics and Extension"

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Rangnekar, Dwijen. The Socio-Economics of Geographical Indications. Geneva, Switzerland: International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.7215/ip_ip_20040501b.

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Jigyasu, Rohit, Garima Jain i Anushree Deb. Socio-economics of Urban Heritage: IIHS Position Paper. Indian Institute for Human Settlements, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.24943/seuh.iihspp.2013.

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Akalu, Mulugeta, Misganaw Gashaw i Zerihun Asegid. The Tax Response to COVID-19 in Ethiopia: Lessons for the Future. Institute of Development Studies, styczeń 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2023.002.

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The government of Ethiopia, like other governments, has provided tax response measures in order to mitigate the socio-economic impacts of COVID-19. These measures, among others, include a waiver of outstanding tax liabilities that taxpayers owe to the government; a tax amnesty or relief on interest and penalties for tax debt; and an extension of filing and tax payment deadlines. These tax measures were adopted with the purposes of helping affected businesses, to keep employees at work, to stimulate the economy and to reduce COVID-19 infections. To be effective, tax relief measures should have been targeted, temporary, speedy, abuse resistant, cost recoverable, predictable, reversible, scalable, easy to administer, resilient to health measures, and adapted to the specific needs of Ethiopia. The strong sides of the Ethiopian tax responses are their speedy nature and the fact that they consider the revenue space and address the status of the poor. The challenges observed on the design and enforcement of the tax measures include lack of adequate targeting, lack of prior assessment, administrative uneasiness, lack of records on the revenue loss, absence of monitoring and evaluation, and that they unfairly benefitted those who failed to comply with their tax duties. Prior assessment, targeted support, convenient response administration, coordination among the government organs, the need for the tax responses to be free from discrimination, the need for appropriate data recording, fair dispute settlement procedures and the need for a permanent disaster response department are suggested for similar incidents in the future.
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Fagúndez, Jaime, Laura Lagos, José Antonio Cortés Vázquez i Flávia Canastra. Galician Wild Ponies. Socio-Economic Context and Environmental Benefits: Galicia Area Report and Case Study for GrazeLIFE (LIFE18 PRE NL 002). Publishing Service-University of A Coruña, luty 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.17979/spudc.9788497498234.

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The University of A Coruña is partner of the GRAZELIFE LIFE preparatory project (LIFE 18 PRE/NL002). We contributed to the main aim of the project of promoting sustainable grazing by large herbivores, with the study of the particular case of Galician wild ponies as a natural grazing semi-wild land use model, and alternative land uses of short and long-term afforestation, extensive grazing and abandonment. We selected two sub-areas in Galicia representing different situations in dominant land uses and the wild ponies’ system. Xistral, in the north, is a protected Natura 2000 site covered by wet heaths and bogs, ponies are owned by commoners that are mainly cattle farmers. Groba, in the south, is a drier area with dominance of forestry use and high frequency of wildfires, where ponies are owned by non-professional farmers. We performed twenty personal semi-structured interviews with pony owners, land owners and related experts from different sectors (afforestation, tourism, conservation NGOs), and performed two focus groups. We discussed topics such as their relation with ponies, the challenges they face, their demands and feelings on the policies, including CAP subsidies or compensations for wolf attacks, and their expectations for the future. In the field, we selected representative stands of each land use model in each sub-area and performed a systematic record of plant species, measures of plant biomass, and collected soil samples. Measures were used as proxies of biodiversity changes, carbon storage and wildfire risk, to compare between the selected models.
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Fagúndez, Jaime, Laura Lagos, José Antonio Cortés Vázquez i Flávia Canastra. Galician Wild Ponies. Socio-Economic Context and Environmental Benefits: Galicia Area Report and Case Study for GrazeLIFE (LIFE18 PRE NL 002). Publishing Service-University of A Coruña, luty 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.17979/spudc.9788497498241.

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The University of A Coruña is partner of the GRAZELIFE LIFE preparatory project (LIFE 18 PRE/NL002). We contributed to the main aim of the project of promoting sustainable grazing by large herbivores, with the study of the particular case of Galician wild ponies as a natural grazing semi-wild land use model, and alternative land uses of short and long-term afforestation, extensive grazing and abandonment. We selected two sub-areas in Galicia representing different situations in dominant land uses and the wild ponies’ system. Xistral, in the north, is a protected Natura 2000 site covered by wet heaths and bogs, ponies are owned by commoners that are mainly cattle farmers. Groba, in the south, is a drier area with dominance of forestry use and high frequency of wildfires, where ponies are owned by non-professional farmers. We performed twenty personal semi-structured interviews with pony owners, land owners and related experts from different sectors (afforestation, tourism, conservation NGOs), and performed two focus groups. We discussed topics such as their relation with ponies, the challenges they face, their demands and feelings on the policies, including CAP subsidies or compensations for wolf attacks, and their expectations for the future. In the field, we selected representative stands of each land use model in each sub-area and performed a systematic record of plant species, measures of plant biomass, and collected soil samples. Measures were used as proxies of biodiversity changes, carbon storage and wildfire risk, to compare between the selected models.
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Bouezmarni, Taoufik, Mohamed Doukali i Abderrahim Taamouti. Copula-based estimation of health concentration curves with an application to COVID-19. CIRANO, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54932/mtkj3339.

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COVID-19 has created an unprecedented global health crisis that caused millions of infections and deaths worldwide. Many, however, argue that pre-existing social inequalities have led to inequalities in infection and death rates across social classes, with the most-deprived classes are worst hit. In this paper, we derive semi/non-parametric estimators of Health Concentration Curve (HC) that can quantify inequalities in COVID-19 infections and deaths and help identify the social classes that are most at risk of infection and dying from the virus. We express HC in terms of copula function that we use to build our estimators of HC. For the semi-parametric estimator, a parametric copula is used to model the dependence between health and socio-economic variables. The copula function is estimated using maximum pseudo-likelihood estimator after replacing the cumulative distribution of health variable by its empirical analogue. For the non-parametric estimator, we replace the copula function by a Bernstein copula estimator. Furthermore, we use the above estimators of HC to derive copula-based estimators of health Gini coeffcient. We establish the consistency and the asymptotic normality of HC’s estimators. Using different data-generating processes and sample sizes, a Monte-Carlo simulation exercise shows that the semiparametric estimator outperforms the smoothed nonparametric estimator, and that the latter does better than the empirical estimator in terms of Integrated Mean Squared Error. Finally, we run an extensive empirical study to illustrate the importance of HC’s estimators for investigating inequality in COVID-19 infections and deaths in the U.S. The empirical results show that the inequalities in state’s socio-economic variables like poverty, race/ethnicity, and economic prosperity are behind the observed inequalities in the U.S.’s COVID-19 infections and deaths.
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Zilberman, David, Amir Heiman i B. McWilliams. Economics of Marketing and Diffusion of Agricultural Inputs. United States Department of Agriculture, listopad 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586469.bard.

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Specific Research Objective. Develop a theory of technology adoption to analyze the role of promotional tools such as advertising, product sampling, demonstrations, money back guarantees and warranties in inducing technological change. Use this theory to develop criteria for assessing the optimal use of marketing activities in launching new agricultural input technologies. Apply the model to analyze existing patterns of marketing budget allocation among promotional tools for various agricultural input industries in the United States and Israel. Background to the Topic. Marketing tools (money-back guarantees [MBG] demonstration, free sampling and advertising) are used extensively to induce the adoption of agricultural inputs, but there is little understanding of their impacts on the diffusion of new technologies. The agricultural economic literature on technology adoption ignores marketing efforts by the private sector, which may result in misleading extension and technology transfer policies. There is a need to integrate marketing and economic approaches in analyzing technology adoption, especially in the area of agricultural inputs. Major Conclusion. Marketing tools play an important role in reducing uncertainties about product performance. They assist potential buyers to learn both about objective features, about a product, and about product fit to the buyer's need. Tools, such as MBGs and demonstration, provide different information about product fit but also require different degrees of cost for the consumer. In some situations they can be complimentary and optimal strategy combines the use of both. In other situations there will be substitution. Sampling is used to reduce the uncertainty about non-durable goods. An optimal level of informational tools declines throughout the life of a product but stays positive at a steady state. Implications. Recognizing the heterogeneity of consumers and the sources of their uncertainty about new technologies is crucial to develop a marketing strategy that will enhance the adoption of innovation. When fit uncertainty is high, allowing an MBG option, as well as a demonstration, may be an optimal strategy to enhance adoption.
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TITOVA, E. HISTORIOGRAPHIC REVIEW ON THE TOPIC OF THE STUDY OF MIGRATION PROCESSES IN THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST AT THE BEGINNING OF THE XXI CENTURY. Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2077-1770-2021-13-4-2-34-53.

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The article provides an overview of scientific research on the study of migration processes in the Far Eastern regions. The problems of migration, the state mechanism for regulating migration issues, and the peculiarities of interethnic interactions are very topical topics not only at the regional, but also at the national level. In the Russian Federation, studies on these topics have appeared relatively recently. Due to the fact that at the end of the 20th century there was a surge in the ethnic self-awareness of the peoples of the country, together with the intensification of socio-economic transformation processes, there are sharp, often radical, changes in the field of interethnic interactions, in particular, the growth of armed interethnic conflicts, an increase in migration outflows or inflows. etc. Modern scientific research in the field of migration processes is practice-oriented, that is, they are aimed at the implementation of narrow applied problems, there is also an increase in the accumulation of an updated extensive theoretical and methodological base. In particular, studies, for example, concerning the topic of interethnic interactions, are directly related to the topic of ethnic tolerance, which has also become very popular and in demand in the last decade for specialists from various scientific fields - psychologists, ethnographers, lawyers, etc.
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Shabelnyk, Tetiana V., Serhii V. Krivenko, Nataliia Yu Rotanova, Oksana F. Diachenko, Iryna B. Tymofieieva i Arnold E. Kiv. Integration of chatbots into the system of professional training of Masters. [б. в.], czerwiec 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4439.

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The article presents and describes innovative technologies of training in the professional training of Masters. For high-quality training of students of technical specialties, it becomes necessary to rethink the purpose, results of studying and means of teaching professional disciplines in modern educational conditions. The experience of implementing the chatbot tool in teaching the discipline “Mathematical modeling of socio-economic systems” in the educational and professional program 124 System Analysis is described. The characteristics of the generalized structure of the chatbot information system for investment analysis are presented and given: input information, information processing system, output information, which creates a closed cycle (system) of direct and feedback interaction. The information processing system is represented by accounting and analytical data management blocks. The investment analysis chatbot will help masters of the specialty system analysis to manage the investment process efficiently based on making the right decisions, understanding investment analysis in the extensive structure of financial management and optimizing risks in these systems using a working mobile application. Also, the chatbot will allow you to systematically assess the disadvantages and advantages of investment projects or the direction of activity of a system analyst, while increasing interest in performing practical tasks. A set of software for developing a chatbot integrated into training is installed: Kotlin programming, a library for network interaction Retrofit, receiving and transmitting data, linking processes using the HTTP API. Based on the results of the study, it is noted that the impact of integrating a chatbot into the training of Masters ensures the development of their professional activities, which gives them the opportunity to be competent specialists and contributes to the organization of high-quality training.
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Mai Phuong, Nguyen, Hanna North, Duong Minh Tuan i Nguyen Manh Cuong. Assessment of women’s benefits and constraints in participating in agroforestry exemplar landscapes. World Agroforestry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp21015.pdf.

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Participating in the exemplar landscapes of the Developing and Promoting Market-Based Agroforestry and Forest Rehabilitation Options for Northwest Vietnam project has had positive impacts on ethnic women, such as increasing their networks and decision-making and public speaking skills. However, the rate of female farmers accessing and using project extension material or participating in project nurseries and applying agroforestry techniques was limited. This requires understanding of the real needs and interests grounded in the socio-cultural contexts of the ethnic groups living in the Northern Mountain Region in Viet Nam, who have unique social and cultural norms and values. The case studies show that agricultural activities are highly gendered: men and women play specific roles and have different, particular constraints and interests. Women are highly constrained by gender norms, access to resources, decision-making power and a prevailing positive-feedback loop of time poverty, especially in the Hmong community. A holistic, timesaving approach to addressing women’s daily activities could reduce the effects of time poverty and increase project participation. As women were highly willing to share project information, the project’s impacts would be more successful with increased participation by women through utilizing informal channels of communication and knowledge dissemination. Extension material designed for ethnic women should have less text and more visuals. Access to information is a critical constraint that perpetuates the norm that men are decision-makers, thereby, enhancing their perceived ownership, whereas women have limited access to information and so leave final decisions to men, especially in Hmong families. Older Hmong women have a Vietnamese (Kinh) language barrier, which further prevents them from accessing the project’s material. Further research into an adaptive framework that can be applied in a variety of contexts is recommended. This framework should prioritize time-saving activities for women and include material highlighting key considerations to maintain accountability among the project’s support staff.
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