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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Society for the Protection of New Hampshire Forests"
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Yurkevich, Mykhailo. "Legal protection of forests in Kievan Rus". Legal Ukraine, nr 9 (30.10.2020): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.37749/2308-9636-2020-9(213)-9.
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The article considers the issues of legislative regulation in the ancient monument of law – Ruska Pravda, issues of forest protection in the territory of Kievan Rus, in order to form a general comprehensive concept of forest protection in Ukraine in different periods of state formation. The relevance of the study is justified by the change of economic, political, social and legal development of Ukraine, which influenced the transition from the monistic paradigm of legal reality research methodology to the pluralism of research paradigms and allows a new assessment of development of forest protection norms on the territory of Ukraine. The most important factors that led to the formation of forest protection legislation of Kievan Rus are highlighted. A comparative legal analysis of the Short and Spatial editions of Russkaya Pravda was carried out. It is established that the Spatial edition differs from the Short edition by a larger number of articles on the protection of forestry, which is due to the process of formation of feudal society and the need for more detailed regulation of property rights. The features of this monument of law, which distinguished it from the legal acts created in subsequent periods, are indicated. Attention is drawn to the enshrinement in Russkaya Pravda of the norms of customary law, according to which «what is given by nature belongs to the whole society». Therefore, deforestation was not prohibited, but liability for theft of firewood was imposed by imposing a fine of 9 kunas, and for each cart with firewood – 2 kunas separately, while the law regulated fishing related to forests. The system of fines provided by Ruska Pravda for offenses related to forestry is described. Organizational principles of forest protection in Kievan Rus are considered. It is established that in this period there were no special organizational structures in this area and that law and order in the forests was provided by princely warriors with the participation of hunters. Key words: «Russian Law», Kievan Rus, forest protection, forestry, liability for violation of forest protection norms, theft, fine.
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Czerniak, Andrzej, Sylwester Grajewski, Anna Krysztofiak-Kaniewska, Ewa E. Kurowska, Bernard Okoński, Małgorzata Górna i Rafał Borkowski. "Engineering Methods of Forest Environment Protection against Meteorological Drought in Poland". Forests 11, nr 6 (1.06.2020): 614. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11060614.
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The forest cover in Poland reaches almost 30% of the country’s area. Polish forests are characterized by high biodiversity. Unfortunately, in recent years, the forests of Central Europe have been affected by climate change problems, in particular meteorological drought. In Poland, even those stands which consist of species that were widely recognized as drought tolerant and easily adaptable to environmental changes are beginning to die. The article presents engineering methods applicable to forest environment protection, largely developed at the University of Life Sciences in Poznań and implemented by the State Forests—National Forest Holding in Poland, to minimize the effects of drought. Among the issues raised are ways to protect forests against fires, modern technologies for fire road surface construction and small-scale water retention in forests. A comprehensive solution to problems related to progressive drought is a must. Scientists and foresters are observing the dying of large areas of stands and, at the same time, intensification of wildlife migration due to the search for new habitats as a consequence of the drought. Therefore, the issue of building animal crossings during the current dynamic expansion of the road network in Poland has also been presented in the paper. Another subject pointed to in the text is forest tourism. Forests provide opportunities for recreation and rest to society. However, the increasing tourist pressure in some regions may cause adverse environmental effects. Finally, the paper shows some examples of supporting forest environment protection using remote sensing techniques. Generally, the aim of the paper is to present experiences and comprehensive solutions implemented in Poland.
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Hepperle, Erwin. "Ressourcenplan Boden – neue Impulse für die forstliche Planung (Essay) | Soil resource plan – new stimuli for forest planning (essay)". Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 161, nr 12 (1.12.2010): 489–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2010.0489.
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Sustainable use of soils requires a long-term equilibrium between the demand of society for ecological goods and services of soils and their actual capacity, also in forest areas. In general, the way soils are treated at present is too much influenced by reasoning along sectorial lines. Protection of this resource is very complex and involves a number of specialist departments. This requires a high degree of coordination. The presented resource protection concept intends to make pedological knowledge of the systemic behavior of soils available for spatial planning. Soil protection is not only a concern of forestry itself, safeguarding the sustainability of forest soil capacities is also relevant to the whole society. Therefore, social demands and activities inside and outside forests have to be adjusted to the capacities of forest soils. There is a wide range of methods to deduce the potential and sensitivities of soils. The bases for the implementation of the resource protection concept are, however, rather inhomogeneous, thus reducing the applicability of the deduction methods. Despite the insufficient data and some knowledge gaps it should nevertheless be possible to improve the basis for decision-making aiming to assure a sustainable development of the soil resource.
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Fanta, Josef, i Petr Petřík. "Forests and Climate Change in Czechia: an Appeal to Responsibility". Journal of Landscape Ecology 11, nr 3 (1.12.2018): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jlecol-2018-0009.
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Abstract Forests cover more than one third of the area of Czechia and provide many environmental, economic, social and cultural benefits. Only a small part of the country´s forested area is left to nature. Most Czech forests are managed, with Norway spruce as the main tree species. The ongoing climate change progressively creates new conditions for the functioning of forests as important components of the landscape and providers of ecosystem services for society. Until recently, Czech forestry policy makers had not paid enough attention to climate change. As a result, Czech forests grapple with increasing instability caused by repeated windstorms, droughts and insect plagues. Traditionally applied management methods and rigid business models are not suitable for resolving the situation. Czech forestry thus takes an exceptional position within Europe. The responsibility for the development of the adaptation strategy and sustainable management policy lies in the hands of forestry policy makers. In order to restore stability and to ensure multifunctionality of forests under new climatic conditions, it will be necessary to introduce a new model of forest management. Compared to the traditional forestry model based on age classes, the new management model must be more flexible and better adapted to the new environmental situation. The principles of the new forestry policy should stem from agreement and cooperation of the forestry sector with scientific and nature protection institutions, as well as from an active discussion within society. The starting point of the change are the documents Strategy of Adaptation to Climate Change under the Conditions of the Czech Republic and National Action Plan, elaborated in 2016 and 2017 by the Ministry of the Environment, and the Strategic Framework Czech Republic, approved by the Czech government. The chosen adaptation strategy and its implementation must not only restore the stability of forests, but also improve the future position of the Czech forestry sector among European countries.
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Wardell-Johnson, Grant, Angela Wardell-Johnson, Beth Schultz, Joe Dortch, Todd Robinson, Len Collard i Michael Calver. "The contest for the tall forests of south-western Australia and the discourses of advocates". Pacific Conservation Biology 25, nr 1 (2019): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc18058.
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After over 50000 years of interaction between Aboriginal people and changing climates, south-western Australia’s tall forests were first logged less than 200 years ago, initiating persistent conflict. Recent conservation advocacy has resulted in the protection of 49% of these tall forests in statutory reserves, providing an opportunity to implement and benefit from a growing moral consensus on the valuing of these globally significant, tall forest ecosystems. We analysed a cross-section of literature (63 papers, 118 statements) published on these forests over 187 years to identify values framing advocacy. We differentiated four resource-oriented discourses and three discourses giving primacy to social and environmental values over seven eras. Invasion sparked initial uncontrolled exploitation, with the Forests Act 1918 managing competing agricultural and timber advocacy. Following the Colonial and Country Life eras, industrial-scale exploitation of the karri forest region resulted in reaction by increasingly broad sectors of society. Warming and drying in the 21st Century emphasises the importance of intact tall forest and the Indigenous Renaissance discourse. Vesting for a more comprehensive set of values would acknowledge a new moral consensus.
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BULGAKOVA, MARINA. "ANALYSIS OF THE FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE FOREST PROTECTION INSTITUTE IN RUSSIA". Economic problems and legal practice 16, nr 06 (28.12.2020): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.33693/2541-8025-2020-16-6-65-69.
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Illegal logging is a global problem that cannot be addressed unambiguously and in all cases. Given that criminal acts about wood are not a new type of violation, but, having appeared long before the current century, remain one of the most common negative social phenomena, the author analyzed the process of formation and development of forest protection in Russia. The first conservation certificates, «green» forests, as well as the restrictions on forest management introduced by Peter I, caused by the need to form a new model of state defense, were the basis for the formation of legal protection of forests. At the same time, the author notes that the established regimes were interconnected and interdependent from a number of legal factors, the key of which was the form of ownership of the territory in which the trees grew. The study contains an analysis of the transformation of the institution of «forest guardians,» the rights, obligations and requirements for employees, the number of units, as well as their social security. The content of the article is divided into several blocks, which is due to the political system that prevailed at a certain time in the development of society: feudal grand-ducal power, the Russian state, the Russian Empire, the RSFSR, the Russian Federation. A brief analysis of law enforcement and judicial practice, a study of regulatory documents, coupled with reporting and archival documents based on the results of the activities of forest protection units, made it possible to conclude that it was impossible to exercise control over forest resources without the formation of specialized units, the functioning of which may be temporary.
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Olschewski, Roland, Peter Bebi, Adrienne Grêt-Regamey i Norbert Kräuchi. "Wald und Klimawandel – Ansätze für eine ökonomische Bewertung | Forests and climate change – approaches to an economic valuation". Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 159, nr 10 (1.10.2008): 374–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2008.0374.
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The impact of climate change on forest ecosystem services will differ depending on the regional situation. Based on findings of natural sciences the impact on society can be assessed by applying economic valuation methods. We distinguish between cost- and benefit-oriented approaches, both of which necessary to provide a comprehensive basis for decision-making. Aspects of uncertainty that are especially related to protection services are considered by extended approaches, such as Bayesian networks combined with geographic information systems. Following an adaptive management approach these new findings can be integrated in the decision process and thus contribute to a sustainable resource use, while taking climate change as well as society's diverse demands for forest ecosystem services into account.
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FEARNSIDE, PHILIP M. "Biodiversity as an environmental service in Brazil's Amazonian forests: risks, value and conservation". Environmental Conservation 26, nr 4 (grudzień 1999): 305–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892999000429.
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The environmental service provided by the great biodiversity of Amazonian forests is one of several factors leading to the conclusion that much greater efforts are warranted to reduce the destruction of these forests. Risks to biodiversity in Amazonian forests include deforestation, logging, fires, fragmentation, depletion of fauna, invasion by exotic species, and climate change. Financial values assigned to biodiversity depend strongly on the purposes of valuation. Utilitarian benefits include the values of presently-marketed and presently-unexploited forest products, and the monetary value of environmental benefits. Non-monetary values of Amazonian forests are also essential components of decision-making on conservation. Measures of ‘willingness to pay’ and ‘willingness to accept’ can be useful as indicators of potential financial flows, but should not be confused with the true values of the forests to society. Valuation for the purpose of setting penalties for destruction of biodiversity is an important legal question in Brazil and must take into consideration additional factors.Conservation of biodiversity in Brazil includes creation of various types of protected areas. The status of these areas varies greatly, with practice frequently deviating from official requirements. Creating reserves that include human occupants has a variety of pros and cons. Although the effect of humans is not always benign, much larger areas can be brought under protection regimes if human occupants are included. Additional considerations apply to buffer zones around protected areas. The choice and design of reserves depends on the financial costs and biodiversity benefits of different strategies. In Brazil, rapid creation of lightly-protected ‘paper parks’ has been a means of keeping ahead of the advance of barriers to establishment of new conservation units, but emphasis must eventually shift to better protection of existing reserves. Indigenous peoples have the best record of maintaining forest, but negotiation with these peoples is essential in order to ensure maintenance of the large areas of forest they inhabit. The benefits of environmental services provided by the forest must accrue to those who maintain these forests. Development of mechanisms to capture the value of these services will be a key factor affecting the long-term prospects of Amazonian forests. However, many effective measures to discourage deforestation could be taken immediately through government action, including levying and collecting taxes that discourage land speculation, changing land tenure establishment procedures so as not to reward deforestation, revoking remaining incentives, restricting road building and improvement, strengthening requirements for environmental impact statements (RIMAs) for proposed development projects, and creating employment alternatives.
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Kalian, O. S., L. I. Kupchenia i P. Yu Shvedenko. "Separate issues of protection of the rights of subjects of environmental protection relations in agricultural production". Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, nr 3 (18.07.2023): 215–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2023.03.38.
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The article analyzes the essence of the human right to a safe environment. For this purpose, the domestic legal acts defining it and aimed at its implementation were studied. Next, nature protection relations are characterized, and their subject composition is determined. The importance of legal regulation of nature protection relations, the priority of solving nature protection problems, which guarantees the quality of life of every person and the safety of society, is substantiated. The peculiarities of agricultural production as an activity related to the use of natural resources protected by the state have been clarified. A list of means of protecting the rights and legitimate interests of the participants in nature protection relations is provided, and their types are distinguished. Particular attention is paid to those problems of nature protection related to the conduct of military operations on the territory of Ukraine. The impact of the law of international communities and European integration on environmental protection relations is also mentioned, but this aspect requires a separate thorough study planned in the next work. It is obvious that it is currently impossible to determine the real damage and probable consequences of the pollution of the nature of Ukraine in the temporarily occupied territories, as well as the deterioration of atmospheric air quality due to numerous fires (caused by the fall of rockets in forests and fires of industrial facilities). Therefore, it is important to monitor the revision of existing bills and the development of new ones in the field of environmental protection in general and the restoration of the objects of the nature reserve fund in particular. In general, this work is based on the statement about the importance of the established in Art. 50 of the Constitution of Ukraine the right to an environment safe for life and health and to compensation for damage caused by the violation of this right. It is the specified right that determines the essence of the analyzed right, the content and direction of the legal norms that form it and are aimed at its implementation.
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Wiśniewski, Paweł, i Michael Märker. "Comparison of Topsoil Organic Carbon Stocks on Slopes under Soil-Protecting Forests in Relation to the Adjacent Agricultural Slopes". Forests 12, nr 4 (26.03.2021): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12040390.
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Soil erosion is one of the major processes degrading the natural environment but also agricultural production areas. Soil erosion may lead to soil organic carbon (SOC) loss, especially from sloping agricultural terrain units. The use of phytomelioration in environmental management, particularly long-term, permanent forest vegetation, is widely recognized as a possible measure for soil erosion protection and mitigation of climate change through carbon sequestration. The aim of this study was to compare of the topsoil organic carbon stocks on the slopes under soil-protecting forests in relation to the adjacent agricultural slopes. The research was conducted in the young glacial landscape of North-Central Poland. The study indicated the significant role of forest management on the increase of soil organic matter content and SOC stock. The results show that land use and slope gradients are important factors controlling soil organic carbon pools in topsoil in young glacial areas. This topic is extremely important particularly as the effects of climate change become more and more visible, and society faces new challenges in preventing these changes.
Książki na temat "Society for the Protection of New Hampshire Forests"
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People and Place Society for the Protection of New Hampshire Forests. Imperial Company, Inc., 2001.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "Society for the Protection of New Hampshire Forests"
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Moon, Hyunshik, i Tamirat Solomon. "Mountain Forests: Challenges and Management". W Mountain Ecosystems and Resources Management, 71–84. The Grassroots Institute, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.33002/mount.a/5.
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Mountain forests are important for their production and protection values. They serve as a home of important timber, wood, and non-wood products in several countries and most importantly they serve in storing water and preventing erosion. They are also hotspots of biodiversity including common indigenous species used for different purposes in society categorized as timber and non-timber forest products (NTFPs). Many mountain forests are playing the role of carbon sinks to mitigate climate change. However, most of the world's mountain communities are strongly influenced by surrounding lowland and urban areas with regard to timber extraction, and expansion of agricultural land to the fertile soils of the forest ecosystem with the addition of forest fire incidences. In a changing climate, human-induced disturbances and lack of awareness are the major threats to mountain ecosystems. For the sustainability of the ecosystem, maintenance and new approaches for the management with special attention and proper actions should be taken to save and maintain the productive, protective, socio-cultural roles of mountain forests which are essential for maximum stability and integrity for the sustainability of the mountain forest ecosystems.
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Cumbler, John T. "Introduction The Environment, the People, and the State: The Connecticut River Valley, 1790-7930". W Reasonable Use. Oxford University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195138139.003.0004.
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Early twentieth-century conservation in the United States has been identified in the public mind with the West and the protection of wilderness, parks, and national forests. Some scholars have explored conservation through the writings of naturalists and antimodernists like Henry David Thoreau. What we have only recently come to appreciate is that there was a whole generation of reformers very much concerned about the environment who were neither antimodernists nor wilderness protectors. They were modernists who rejected not the modern world, but the way the modern world was being fashioned. They did not retreat or long to retreat into the wilderness but lived in cities and towns. And they struggled to make the environment of the most settled parts of the nation more amenable to human habitation. It was in New England where these reformers first began to make their claims for the rights of citizens to clean air, clean water, and clean soil. The Massachusetts board of health argued, less than five years after the Civil War, for aggressive state action on the claim that “all citizens have an inherent right to the enjoyment of pure and uncontaminated air, and water, and soil, that this right should be regarded as belonging to the whole community, and that no one should be allowed to trespass upon it by his carelessness or his avarice.” And the New Hampshire board, in its first report, stated that “every person has a legitimate right to nature’s gifts—pure water, air, and soil—a right belonging to every individual, and every community upon which no one should be allowed to trespass through carelessness, ignorance, or other cause.” New England’s first environmental crisis was brought on by its people’s fecundity and by their material practices in the late eighteenth century. Out of that crisis emerged a changed New England with concentrated manufacturing centers and increasingly market-oriented agriculture. Although not all New Englanders enthusiastically supported this change all were affected by it. Within three generations, New Englanders saw their region transformed. That transformation created a new set of troubles. The emergence of those new problems, and the solutions nineteenthcentury Yankees offered, is the story of this book.
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Cumbler, John T. "From Milling to Manufacturing From Villages to Mill Towns". W Reasonable Use. Oxford University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195138139.003.0006.
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The new world of New England was one of factories and factory towns, as well as farms and forests. It was a world where farmers, looking to those factory towns for markets, plowed their fields deep and intensively managed their land. It was a world where lumbermen stripped mountainsides of their forest cover to meet the cities’ growing appetite for lumber. It was a world of managed and controlled nature. It was also a world of rapid change, and increasingly after 1800, the force behind that change was the coming of the manufacturing mills. Levi Shepard’s 1788 duck-cloth factory was of a different type than the traditional mills of New England. Although mills that spun or fulled cloth had long been part of rural New England, Levi Shepard had a different market in mind when he encouraged local farmers to bring him their flax. Shepard wanted to take material from the countryside and, with the help of “workers employed,” “manufacture” it into a commodity for sale. Shepard’s decision to focus on manufacturing for distant markets represented a new world. Manufacturing in rural New England began small. And although it made a huge impact on travelers such as Timothy Dwight, it grew out of, while at the same time it transformed, traditional rural society. The processing of goods of the countryside was an integral part of traditional New England life, whether in 1650 or 1800. In 1790, the Hampshire Gazette commented that although “a large quantity of woollen cloth are made in private families and brought to market in our trading towns, a great part of [the woollen cloth] is not calculated for market.” The shift from milling produce for local use to manufacturing occurred initially for most of rural New England with the shift of small traders, merchants, and millers from processing for local farmers to processing for external markets. Edmund Taylor of Williamsburg on the Mill River, for example, at the turn of the century added carding and picking machines to his gristmill. As he did for grain, Taylor processed the material from the countryside, keeping a portion of it as his pay.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Society for the Protection of New Hampshire Forests"
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Belonovskaya, E., A. Tishkov i N. Tsarevskaya. "FORESTS ON THE MAPS OF THE NORTHERN BLACK SEA REGION AND PERSPECTIVES OF THEIR CONSERVATION". W Man and Nature: Priorities of Modern Research in the Area of Interaction of Nature and Society. LCC MAKS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m2607.s-n_history_2021_44/216-223.
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With the help of old and modern maps with vegetation, cover the analyses of changes of forest cover of the Northern Black Sea region was carried out. Several groups of cartographic works were identified, the accuracy of which and the detail of the image of forest vegetation depended not only on technical capabilities, but also on the goals and objectives of the maps. The special accuracy of modern topographic and thematic maps is noted, in the compilation of which the latest GIS and remote sensing methodologies are used. A gradual decrease in forest cover has been established from 20-25% to almost 10-12%. The perspectives for territorial conservation of unique sub-Mediterranean forest communities that have survived in the region since the Tertiary period are assessed. It is recommended not only the creation of new specially protected natural areas (SPNA), but also the introduction of a legislatively special environmental management regime that determines the ubiquity of nature protection and the regulation of economic activity for the region.