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1
Proestou, Maria. "Understanding societies beyond economics". Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Lebenswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17481.
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Die gegenwärtige Politik betrachtet Windenergieanlagen als ein entscheidendes Mittel für die Gestaltung einer nachhaltigen Zukunft. Dennoch lehnen die BewohnerInnen der griechischen Insel Amorgos Anträge zum Bau von Windenergieanlagen ab. In der vorliegenden Untersuchung analysiere ich, wie die InselbewohnerInnen die Option der Windenergie beurteilen. Die Analyse basiert auf einem interdisziplinären theoretischen Ansatz und einem neu entwickelten analytischen Rahmenwerk, dem Institutions - Habits - Intuitions (IHI) framework. Qualitative Forschungsmethoden, insbesondere persönliche Befragungen und teilnehmende Beobachtungen, sind wesentliche Elemente der Datenerhebung und erlauben mir, mich umfassend in den amorgianischen Kontext zu vertiefen. Die Forschungsergebnisse zeigen, dass der Beurteilungsprozess auf dem Zusammenwirken von Kosten-Nutzen Kalkulationen, der Infragestellung der Thematik der Windenergie und intuitivem Handeln basiert. Die Option der Windenergie erschüttert die herkömmlichen Interaktionen der InselbewohnerInnen, die die lokale Tourismuswirtschaft und Gemeindeverwaltung bestimmen. Die Kombination pre-formeller Institutionen, eingefahrener Gepflogenheiten und intuitives Agierens aufgrund bisheriger Erfahrungen bringt die amorgianische Gesellschaft dazu, Windenergieprojekte abzulehnen. Die Analyse beruht auf der Anwendung von Ansätzen der Sozialpsychologie und der Institutionenökonomik. Damit wird u.a. die gängige Annahme, der Mensch sei a priori ein Investor hinterfragt und die Absicht verfolgt, die Kluft zwischen Wirtschaftswissenschaften und ‘realer Welt’ zu verringern. Die Insel von Amorgos ist ein beispielhafter Mikrokosmos in und für Griechenland als Ganzes. Energiepolitische Strategien und die lokalen und nationalen Beurteilungsprozesse dieser sind dabei nur zu verstehen, wenn die mit dem Neoliberalismus zusammenhängende, tiefgreifende sozio-ökonomische Krise Griechenlands in den Blick genommen wird.Locals of the Greek island of Amorgos refuse wind energy proposals, while contemporary politics regards wind farms as a crucial means of pursuing a sustainable future. On the basis of an interdisciplinary theoretical approach, I develop a new analytical framework called Institutions - Habits - Intuitions (IHI) framework to explain the way Amorgians judge the option of wind energy development on their island. The data collection relies on qualitative research methods, that is, face-to-face interviews and participant observations, which enable me to delve into the particular Amorgian context. The research results show that the synergy of locals’ calculation (cost-benefit analysis), reflection and intuitive action influences their deliberation on the wind energy issue. The option of wind energy development shocks the ordinary run of things on the island, which is characterised by off-the-record interactions that shape both the tourism economy and the municipal administration. The combination of local pre-formal institutions, entrenched habits and intuitive responses causes Amorgian society to resist wind farms. Analysing the Amorgian case through applying approaches derived from social psychology and institutional economics, I aim at bringing the readers of this book to reflect on the discourse on sustainability and narrowing the gap between the discipline of economics and the real world. My analysis questions the utilitarian assumption that man is a priori an investor, and goes beyond the case of Amorgos, which constitutes a microcosm of Greece, which currently experiences a deep socio-economic crisis. I draw attention to the fact that locals of Amorgos act and interact within the context of this crisis, which is related to the political economic thinking attributed to neoliberalism. Finally, I claim that increasing bureaucratisation of social life clashes with local ethics, thereby affecting responses to politics of climate change mitigation.
2
Mohammed, Elattag Mona I. "Women in contemporary Islamic societies". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ47781.pdf.
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3
Carlson, Rosalie J. "Voter Compatibility In Interval Societies". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/hmc_theses/50.
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In an interval society, voters are represented by intervals on the real line, corresponding to their approval sets on a linear political spectrum. I imagine the society to be a representative democracy, and ask how to choose members of the society as representatives. Following work in mathematical psychology by Coombs and others, I develop a measure of the compatibility (political similarity) of two voters. I use this measure to determine the popularity of each voter as a candidate. I then establish local “agreeability” conditions and attempt to find a lower bound for the popularity of the best candidate. Other results about certain special societies are also obtained
4
Hart, Adam G. "Task partitioning in insect societies". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.392734.
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5
Grafeneder-Weissteiner, Theresa, i Klaus Prettner. "Agglomeration processes in aging societies". Department of Economics, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2010. http://epub.wu.ac.at/1620/1/document.pdf.
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This article investigates agglomeration processes in aging societies by introducing an overlapping generation structure into a New Economic Geography model. Whether higher economic integration leads to spatial concentration of economic activity crucially hinges on the economies' demographic properties. While population aging as represented by declining birth rates strengthens agglomeration processes, declining mortality rates weaken them. This is due to the fact that we allow for nonconstant population size. In particular, we show that population growth acts as an important dispersion force that augments the distributional effects on agglomeration processes resulting from the turnover of generations. (author's abstract)Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series
6
Alberola, Oltra Juan Miguel. "Reorganization in Dynamic Agent Societies". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/19243.
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En la nueva era de tecnologías de la información, los sistemas tienden a ser cada vez más
dinámicos, compuestos por entidades heterogéneas capaces de entrar y salir del sistema,
interaccionar entre ellas, y adaptarse a las necesidades del entorno. Los sistemas multiagente han
contribuído en los ultimos años, a modelar, diseñar e implementar sistemas autónomos con
capacidad de interacción y comunicación. Estos sistemas se han modelado principalmente, a través
de sociedades de agentes, las cuales facilitan la interación, organización y cooperación de agentes
heterogéneos para conseguir diferentes objetivos. Para que estos paradigmas puedan ser utilizados
para el desarrollo de nuevas generaciones de sistemas, características como dinamicidad y
capacidad de reorganización deben estar incorporadas en el modelado, gestión y ejecución de estas
sociedades de agentes.
Concretamente, la reorganización en sociedades de agentes ofrece un paradigma para diseñar
aplicaciones abiertas, dinámicas y adaptativas. Este proceso requiere determinar las consecuencias
de cambiar el sistema, no sólo en términos de los beneficios conseguidos sinó además, midiendo los
costes de adaptación así como el impacto que estos cambios tienen en todos los componentes del
sistema. Las propuestas actuales de reorganización, básicamente abordan este proceso como
respuestas de la sociedad cuando ocurre un cambio, o bien como un mecanismo para mejorar la
utilidad del sistema. Sin embargo, no se pueden definir procesos complejos de decisión que
obtengan la mejor configuración de los componentes organizacionales en cada momento, basándose
en una evaluación de los beneficios que se podrían obtener así como de los costes asociados al
proceso.
Teniendo en cuenta este objetivo, esta tesis explora el área de reorganización en sociedades de
agentes y se centra principalmente, en una propuesta novedosa para reorganización. Nuestra
propuesta ofrece un soporte de toma de decisiones que considera cambios en múltiplesAlberola Oltra, JM. (2013). Reorganization in Dynamic Agent Societies [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/19243
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7
Bytyci, Seb. "Public institutions in transforming societies". Thesis, University of York, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/15371/.
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This research comprises of a comparative case study of two public revenue organisations in the post-conflict state building context of Kosovo. The key aim is to understand effectiveness and efficiency of public institutions in transforming countries. It relies mainly on the theory of prismatic society proposed by Riggs, which states that institutions in transforming societies are ineffective and inefficient due to multiplicity of norms leading to corruption. It holds that bureaucracies interfere in the political decision-making due to the weakness of political institutions. I found that the context of Kosovo could be described as neo-prismatic due to prior societal diffraction. As a consequence political institutions are relatively developed compared to bureaucracy and political interference in public institutions is widespread. Yet, effective institutions can be built if there is insulation from political interference. While there are views that political influence has negative consequences for institutions, an opposing view suggests that bureaucratic autonomy would lead to corruption. I found the ways in which political interference takes place through various forms of prismatic behaviour affecting the institutions I studied. My findings help inform future organisational design efforts.
8
Eschenfeldt, Patrick. "Approval Voting in Box Societies". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/hmc_theses/36.
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Under approval voting, every voter may vote for any number of canditates. To model approval voting, we let a political spectrum be the set of all possible political positions, and let each voter have a subset of the spectrum that they approve, called an approval region. The fraction of all voters who approve the most popular position is the agreement proportion for the society. We consider voting in societies whose political spectrum is modeled by $d$-dimensional space ($\mathbb{R}^d$) with approval regions defined by axis-parallel boxes. For such societies, we first consider a Tur&#aacute;n-type problem, attempting to find the maximum agreement between pairs of voters for a society with a given level of overall agreement. We prove a lower bound on this maximum agreement and find in the literature a proof that the lower bound is optimal. By this result we find that for sufficiently large $n$, any $n$-voter box society in $\mathbb{R}^d$ where at least $\alpha\binom{n}{2}$ pairs of voters agree on some position must have a position contained in $\beta n$ approval regions, where $\alpha = 1-(1-\beta)^2/d$. We also consider an extension of this problem involving projections of approval regions to axes. Finally we consider the question of $(k,m)$-agreeable box societies, where a society is said to be $(k, m)$-agreeable if among every $m$ voters, some $k$ approve a common position. In the $m = 2k - 1$ case, we use methods from graph theory to prove that the agreement proportion is at least $(2d)^{-1}$ for any integer $k \ge 2.$
9
Fletcher, Sarah. "Exploring Agreeability in Tree Societies". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2009. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/hmc_theses/218.
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Let S be a collection of convex sets in Rd with the property that any subcollection of d − 1 sets has a nonempty intersection. Helly’s Theorem states that ∩s∈S S is nonempty. In a forthcoming paper, Berg et al. (Forthcoming) interpret the one dimensional version of Helly’s Theorem in the context of voting in a society. They look at the effect that different intersection properties have on the proportion of a society that must agree on some point or issue. In general, we define a society as some underlying space X and a collection S of convex sets on the space. A society is (k, m)-agreeable if every m-element subset of S has a k-element subset with a nonempty intersection. The agreement number of a society is the size of the largest subset of S with a nonempty intersection. In my work I focus on the case where X is a tree and the convex sets in S are subtrees. I have developed a reduction method that makes these tree societies more tractable. In particular, I have used this method to show that the agreement number of (2, m)-agreeable tree societies is at least 1 |S | and 3 that the agreement number of (k, k + 1)-agreeable tree societies is at least |S|−1.
10
Samantray, Abhishek. "Collective behaviour in digital societies". Thesis, IMT Alti Studi Lucca, 2020. http://e-theses.imtlucca.it/319/1/Samantray_phdthesis.pdf.
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The number of social and economic activities on digital platforms
has been increasing since the last two decades, and especially
in the last decade. Several such platforms also provide
opportunities for interactions among participating users,
either as a part of the primary activities on such platforms
or as a secondary feature. Such interactions form the basis
of the emergence of collective behaviour on individual platforms,
wherein users’ interactions affect the aggregate state of
the platform and at the same time the aggregate state of platform
feeds into how users interact among themselves. Digital
platforms turn into digital societies by providing many ways
to conduct users’ interactions driven activities, that were traditionally
conducted in the physical world, in efficient and
scalable ways. Apparently, these two societies – digital and
real world – exist simultaneously and have feedback effects
in shaping outcomes in both the societies on various factors
including behaviour, beliefs, opinions, and others. This thesis
contains three essays including (1) peer influence on creation
of new projects in the learning environment Scratch, (2) polarization
of climate change beliefs due to homophily in interactions
on the social media Twitter, and (3) effects on collective
attention due to political framing of climate change by the
news media Guardian. Particular emphasis is laid on statistical
inference of the effects and hypothesizing mechanisms
behinds such effects.
The production and consumption of projects in the Scratch
community, a digital platform developed by MIT Media Lab
where users, usually young children, learn to program by creating
and sharing projects, is analysed using the data for the
first five years after its launch. In particular, investigation
is done to discover if users are influenced by the popularity
of their peers’ projects and their peers’ preferences for consuming
specific baskets of projects. The major challenges in
this type of analysis is to provide parsimonious models for
complexities of interactions on the platform and to disentangle
peer influence from homophily in the vast network of behaviours
and friendships. Homophily is a term widely used
in social networks studies to describe friendship or tie formations
that arise due to similarities in behaviours or common
attributes between participating agents in the formation
of such ties. The analysis reveals that while Scratchers’ consumption
preference is not influenced by their peers, the popularity
of their projects is significantly influenced by their
peers in short and long terms. A large proportion of the influence
from peers is mediated via Scratchers’ creation of new
projects, which highlights Scratchers’ subsequent decisions
in response to existing popularity of peers’ projects. These
insights can potentially help in incorporation of behaviourdriven
designs in future educational technologies.
Producer-consumer business models is at the heart of several
social networking sites. Activities on such sites range from
meeting friends, exchanging messages, propagating messages,
advertisements, and others. Lack of regulations on information
posting and limitations of computer-assisted information
checks therefore provide opportunities for people’s beliefs
to be polarized due to the spread of fake information in
such social networks. Homophily in communication creates
groups of people or agents with bounded beliefs about the
reality, and hence can polarize a society. Such homophily in
digital media has been termed as echo chambers which intuitively
promotes the notion that people hear nothing more
than what they already believe. Using evidence from 11 years
of Twitter conversations on the climate change topic, an empirical analysis is conducted on the effect of homophily in
communication patterns on the polarization of beliefs about
the reality of climate change. The analysis reveals a counterintuitive
result that increasing levels of homophily in communication
predicts decreasing levels of polarization in beliefs
in the long run. To understand better the mechanism of
the effect of homophily on polarization, a model is developed
that shows how polarization can emerge due to the joint effects
of precision of misinformation propagating in a social
network and homophily in communication among agents in
the social network with differing beliefs. Credibility of fake
news, modelled as precision of misinformation, circulating in
the social network can lead to acceptance of the fake news
(depending on agents’ susceptibility to it), thereby changing
beliefs and creating polarization. The model shows that fake
news can not polarize the society unless it has a minimal
level of credibility, irrespective of the level of homophily in
communication patterns. This throws a light on perhaps the
most intuitive but usually the forgotten factor of information
– credibility. While the results show that the climate change
sceptic exchanges of messages on the social media Twitter do
not carry enough credibility to create large scale polarization
in society, they also provide useful indications to directly or
indirectly quantify the emergence of credibility of information
in digital platforms, and also to shift attention of technology
from detecting fake stories to detecting fake stories
which the society might find them to be credible.
Digital news platforms have become outlets for engaging discussions.
They provide journalists and publishers with several
dimensions to gauge the acceptance of their articles and
at the same time provides readers with simple tools to participate
in discussions. It has been long acknowledged that
news media frame their articles. As an instance of political
framing, to understand how the politicization climate change articles influences the collective attention and discussion on
such articles, articles published in the Guardian until 2018 are
used to examine whether and how politicization influences
readers’ collective discussion. The results suggest that (unknown)
factors of perception associated to an article when it
is categorized in ‘Politics’ section positively impacts the collective
attention and engagement received on articles. Estimates
also suggest that mentions of political inclinations of
the entities within an article impact such collective attention.
In particular, a large proportion of such participation is found
to be mediated by discussions becoming politicized by past
contextual entities related to the article but strictly absent in
the article, thereby suggesting a temporal effect of perception.
In addition, a large proportion of the impact of political mentions
on users’ engagement is mediated by users who join discussion
being influenced by past politically oriented contextual
entities. Although no evidence is found to support that
authors or journalists might be enjoying increasing marginal
benefits from collective attention to their articles that result
from their choices about mentions of political entities within
the main texts of climate change articles, the results highlight
that their choices do impact the readers’ perceptions and participations
(and potentially the intensity of climate change action
in real world).
Overall, this series of research has contributed to improving
how collective behaviour is shaped in digital societies in relation
to peer influence in educational media, polarization of
beliefs in social media, and political framing of articles in
news media. Hopefully, these results would be of interest to
general audience and researchers in fields of social sciences,
economics, marketing, media and communications, and applied
data science.
11
Sabater, Mir Jordi. "Trust and reputation for agent societies". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/3035.
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Sanderson, Jennifer Louise. "Conflict and cooperation in vertebrate societies". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/10501.
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Within animal societies, individuals often differ greatly in their level of investment in cooperative activities. Individuals are predicted to show high cooperative investment if high levels of relatedness lead to large indirect fitness benefits, or if differences in individual characteristics such as age, sex, rank, or body condition increase the direct fitness benefits of helping. However, individual differences often persist after these differences are controlled for; a residual variation that remains unexplained. Understanding the proximate mechanisms underlying variation in behaviour can give novel insights into the selection pressures shaping behavioural differences. This suggests that a research focus onto the proximate mechanisms underpinning cooperative behaviours is needed to further our understanding of why individuals behave differently within social groups. In this thesis, I address this shortfall in understanding by investigating hormonal variation alongside individual differences in cooperative investment in the banded mongoose (Mungos mungo). Banded mongooses are a highly social carnivore with two highly conspicuous forms of cooperative offspring care that are easily measurable and show large inter-individual variation. In chapter 3, I demonstrate a negative carry-over effect of investment in offspring care in consecutive breeding attempts. I show that this carry-over effect is mediated by variation in glucocorticoid concentrations, which may be attributable to the energetic costs of helping. Glucocorticoids predict investment in offspring care, suggesting that this mechanism may drive inter-individual variation in cooperative investment. In chapter 4, I find evidence for a testosterone mediated trade-off between offspring care and mating effort, which suggests that inter-individual differences may also be driven by variation in the costs of helping attributable to missed mating opportunities. In chapter 5, I use simulated territorial intrusions to show that there is unlikely to be a trade-off between offspring care and territory defence in banded mongoose societies. However, carers and non-carers show a differential physiological response to territorial intrusion, suggesting that there may be a more subtle behavioural trade-off that occurs post-intrusion. In chapter 6, I find evidence for consistent individual differences in both cooperative and competitive behaviours, which suggests that individual differences in adult behaviour may be determined by early-life effects. Individual differences in cooperative investment are positively correlated, suggesting that individuals are not specialised to different cooperative activities, but are consistently either helpful or selfish. Together, these results give insights into the selection pressures shaping individual differences and highlight endocrine research as a valuable tool in understanding the evolution of cooperative societies.
13
Willis, Richard Martin. "The changing organisation of building societies". Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251165.
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Alsaeed, Abraheem. "E-Service adoption in unstable societies". Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2017. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/eservice-adoption-in-unstable-societies(ef861439-93a1-4cf9-9238-af225e08e348).html.
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Refugees and displaced people who have been affected by political instability face complex challenges to access government services. Digital (eGovernment) services perhaps have the greatest potential for overcoming these challenges, particularly in societies and developing countries with limited access to traditional infrastructure and resources. There are limited academic works covering the provision and efficacy of eServices for this need. This work addresses this gap by examining eService provision for three levels of instability (High, Medium and Low, derived from UN data), and focuses particularly on the high-level case of instability in Syria, and on Syrian refugees hosted by other countries. The topic was challenging to investigate, given the current geopolitical context and issues of access to relevant people and stakeholders, which are distributed across countries and involve multiple agencies. A combination of research methodologies has been adopted, in this research. We reviewed the literature that focused on factors affecting the adoption of eService during instability, in which an initial conceptual formwork emerged. We compared eService activities in countries that exhibit different levels of instability, isolating factors and behaviours that led to successful experiences in order to repeat those successes in countries that have high-level of instability. This identified a need for an insightful study within highly unstable countries, therefore, we conducted a questionnaire to capture inputs from groups of displaced people which applied to the Syrian refugees in Syria, Turkey, Jordan, Lebanon and some EU countries. We received 415 complete responses and 1634 partially completed responses to this study. The results indicate possible areas of good practice in the use of technology to support and engage refugees. To find the full set of these activities and good practices we conducted nineteen interviews with different stakeholders and experts from several case studies. In total, more than thirty hours of interview gathered using field-work and teleconference. This research provides a novel framework (Instability Framework) as the main contribution, in which we suggest technology-related strategies, barriers, and enablers that may assist in the effective adoption of eService delivery in unstable countries. Furthermore, Institutional Theory and examples of similar work in government support e.g. reinventing government principles by (Osborn &Gabler and Heeks in the information age) were extended to reflect the adoption of eService delivery in unstable society and used as theoretical lenses to comprehend our results.
15
Heras, Barberá Stella María. "Case-Based Argumentation in Agent Societies". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/12497.
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Hoy en día los sistemas informáticos complejos se pueden ven en términos de los servicios que ofrecen y las entidades que interactúan para proporcionar o consumir dichos servicios. Los sistemas multi-agente abiertos, donde los agentes pueden entrar o salir del sistema, interactuar y formar grupos (coaliciones de agentes u organizaciones) de forma dinámica para resolver problemas, han sido propuestos como una tecnología adecuada para implementar este nuevo paradigma informático. Sin embargo, el amplio dinamismo de estos sistemas requiere que los agentes tengan una forma de armonizar los conflictos que surgen cuando tienen que colaborar y coordinar sus actividades. En estas situaciones, los agentes necesitan un mecanismo para argumentar de forma eficiente (persuadir a otros agentes para que acepten sus puntos de vista, negociar los términos de un contrato, etc.) y poder llegar a acuerdos.
La argumentación es un medio natural y efectivo para abordar los conflictos y contradicciones del conocimiento. Participando en diálogos argumentativos, los agentes pueden llegar a acuerdos con otros agentes. En un sistema multi-agente abierto, los agentes pueden formar sociedades que los vinculan a través de relaciones de dependencia. Estas relaciones pueden surgir de sus interacciones o estar predefinidas por el sistema. Además, los agentes pueden tener un conjunto de valores individuales o sociales, heredados de los grupos a los que pertenecen, que quieren promocionar. Las dependencias entre los agentes y los grupos a los que pertenecen y los valores individuales y sociales definen el contexto social del agente. Este contexto tiene una influencia decisiva en la forma en que un agente puede argumentar y llegar a acuerdos con otros agentes. Por tanto, el contexto social de los agentes debería tener una influencia decisiva en la representación computacional de sus argumentos y en el proceso de gestión de argumentos.Heras Barberá, SM. (2011). Case-Based Argumentation in Agent Societies [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/12497
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16
Bee, Malcolm. "Business in the community : consumer co-operative societies and friendly societies in Oxfordshire and Berkshire, 1830-2000". Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.432752.
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Tätting, Gandalf. "Prototypes of Consumer Goods in Transition Societies". Thesis, Mid Sweden University, Department of Humanities, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-8753.
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The aim of this study was to find a connection between changes in societies and changes in semantic prototypes by examining the prototypes of ‘fruit’ and ‘car’ among Slovenes that reached adulthood in Yugoslavia and Slovenes that that reached adulthood in the Republic of Slovenia and to compare those results with a control group of native English speakers. The results of the study suggests that in some aspects, the prototypes of ‘fruit’ and ‘car’ amongyounger Slovenes have moved closer to what they are in cultures that have a long history of capitalism and consumerism. The opinions about how good an example of a ‘fruit’ a banana is, is the best example of this. Younger Slovenes and the control group see it as a very good example, while older Slovenes rated it lower. The older Slovenes were also slightly more accepting of a very small car model being a good example of a ‘car’, than both younger Slovenes and the control group were.
18
com, ssigler227@gmail, i Steven Matthew Sigler. "Renewing Societies: Interculturalism and the Creative Sojourner". Murdoch University, 2007. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20100203.142632.
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From their nascent beginnings during World War II to their good governance and capacity building focus under the Post-Washington Consensus of the early 21st century, international development activities have encompassed a particular world view. This world view, founded on Western historical materialism and a normative perspective, rationalizes the project as the predominate form of development assistance and the expert or volunteer as its agent. Yet this approach to development, although at times successful, has often proved to be unsustainable in the absence of international financing and expertise.
Still, there is an alternative approach available when one recognizes that what the vast majority of people want is security for themselves, their families, and their lifestyles.1 From this approach, the focus of development is shifted away from what people do not have (be it material comforts, infrastructure, or good governance) and sets it on the critical roles culture, individual growth, and informal association have in community development. In this approach, human agency at the interpersonal level becomes critical in the diffusion of social, political, economic, and technological innovation and, accordingly, the decisive factor in poverty reduction. That is to say, development that can address poverty must come from within the social classes that experience it.
To explore how the international development community can act on this alternative approach, this thesis provides a review of the theory, practice, and consequences of international development to the present day and, from that lead, builds a theoretical argument for the individual creative sojourner as a primary messenger of development. In addition, it presents an exploratory case study of creative sojourners in Timor-Leste and, from their ideas and insights, proposes policy considerations for an overseas apprenticeship program that would support the efforts of trades people, agriculturalists, and small entrepreneurs in improving their lives and, in the process, renewing their societies.
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Nishiguchi, Toshihiro. "Strategic dualism : an alternative to industrial societies". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303658.
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Lekeas, George K. "Regulating competence-based access to agent societies". Thesis, City University London, 2011. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/1144/.
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Advances in ubiquitous computing have resulted in changes to the way we access and use everyday applications, e.g. reading mail and booking tickets. At the same time, users interact with these applications in a variety of ways, each with different characteristics, e.g., different degrees of bandwidth, different payment schemes supported and so on. These are highly dynamic interactions, as some of the applications might become unavailable (either temporarily or permanently) or their behaviour may change. As the user has to deal with a large number of proactive and dynamic applications every day, he will need a personal assistant that possesses similar characteristics. The agent paradigm meets this requirement, since it exhibits the necessary features. As a result, the user will provide its personal agent assistant with a goal, e.g. I need a smartphone which costs less than three hundred pounds, and the agent will have to use a number of applications offering information on smartphones so that it finds the requested one. This, in turn, raises a number of issues regarding the organisation and the degrees of access to these services as well as the correctness of their descriptions. In this work, we propose the organisation of applications around the concept of artificial agent societies, to which access would be possible only by a positive evaluation of an agent's application. The agent will provide the Authority Agent with the role it is applying for and its competencies in the context of a protocol, i.e., the messages that it can utter/understand. The Authority Agent will then check to see if the applicant agent is a competent user of the protocols; if yes, entry is granted. Assuming that access is granted, the next issue is to decide on the protocol(s) that agent receives. As providing the full protocol will cause security and overload problems, we only need to provide the part required for the agent to play its role. We show how this can be done and how we can repair certain protocols so that they are indeed enactable once this role decomposition is performed.
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Jacob, Jacob Udo-Udo. "Rethinking information intervention in violently divided societies". Thesis, University of Leeds, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.555916.
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Abstract This thesis examines the nature and impacts of two intervention radio programmes broadcast on Radio Okapi - the radio service of the UN Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC) managed by Swiss-based Hirondelle Foundation. The programmes, Dialogue Entre Congolais and Gutahuka adopt different ideologies. Dialogue Entre Congolais uses multiple and competing participation frames, involving audiences and opposing discussants to debate a range of topics related to conflicts, governance, justice, human rights etc. Gutahuka on the other hand targets Rwandan Hutu armed combatants and refugees and seeks to convince them to disarm and voluntarily repatriate to Rwanda. A matched randomization technique was used to assign Rwandan Hutus and Congolese autochthons in South Kivu to listen to either of the two programmes within their naturalistic contexts for 13 months. Autochthon control groups listened to Gutahuka while Hutu control groups listened to Dialogue. At the end of the treatment, participants' perceptions of barriers to peace; descriptive and prescriptive interventions; victimhood and villianity; opportunities for personal development and civic engagement; and knowledge of repatriation processes were assessed in 16 focus groups across four contexts. ) Although Gutahuka was effective in reassuring Hutus already keen on repatriating to Rwanda that help was available, it was less effective in persuading former Hutu armed combatants and refugees to disarm and repatriate. Dialogue listeners on the other hand, across both ethnic networks showed greater knowledge of nascent democratic reforms in the DRC, more positive attitude toward civic engagement and the ethnic Other. The study concludes that media intervention programmes that provide information and a platform for objective analyses within a multiple narrative and participatory framework enhance greater engagement with nascent democratic reforms, positive perception of long term opportunities for personal development and empathy with the ethnic Other than programmes that adopt approaches of strategic or behaviour change communications.
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Richardson, Thomas Owen. "Spatial and temporal organisation within ant societies". Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.557142.
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In this thesis the organisation of colonies of the ant, Temnothorax albipennis, is investigated with a special focus on their spatial and temporal statistics. Individual-based modelling combined with analyses of experimental data are used extensively to infer the mechanisms that govern individual and collective behaviour. The unequal allocation of labour amongst different individuals, as manifested in skewed distributions of activity, is ubiquitous within the social insects. Early non-spatial individual-based models demonstrated that such skewed divisions of labour can self- organise through the interaction of fluctuating levels of stimuli associated with a task, with differentially sensitive agents that perform work upon the stimulus. Here, that modelling framework is extended by explicitly including space. This modification induces a 'percolation' effect, in which small differences amongst agents in their response thresholds, are related to large differences in their probabilities of performing work. The extension of the original fixed-threshold models of Division of Labour to include space means that they can be treated as a special case of diffusion in disordered media - a well studied branch of statistical mechanics. Staying at home to care for young or leaving to find food is one of the most fundamental divisions of labour. Here the rate of departures from ant nests and the collective activity of the individuals within the nest, are experimentally quantified. Both the rate of nest-leaving, and the inside-nest activity showed a non-linear decline over time. This and other results indicates that fluctuating record signals and repulsive ant-ant interactions play a significant role in colony organisation. A record signal is a new 'high water mark' in the history of a system. The dynamics of several complex but purely physical systems are also based on record signals but this is the first time they have been experimentally shown in a biological system. Finally, the generation of spatial pattern formation is experimentally investigated In the context of resilience to perturbations. The brood within the ant colony is often sorted into an intricate annular pattern, according to the developmental stage of the various rood types. Even after the pattern is completely destroyed, the workers are able to re-establish the pattern. The dynamics of this process of re-emergence is quantified in detail. Lastly, the possible utility of the pattern as a spatial cue to the workers is discussed.
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Sejdija, Adela. "Children and reconciliation in post conflict societies". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för statsvetenskap (ST), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-35940.
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On a daily basis we hear or read about new atrocious and violent conflicts that are emerging in countless countries around the world. At the same time, some of the previous conflicts are winding down and leading to negotiations and peaceful resolutions. In either of the cases, peacebuilding initiatives are put into place to establish relationships between the divided population which is and/or was at war. There are countless reconciliation methods which are used to reconcile the adult population which is and/or was in conflict with each other. Nonetheless, how and which reconciliation approaches are used when it comes to reconciling the children that have been directly or indirectly affected by the conflict in their country is not discussed to the same extend. Thus the objective of this study is to analyse the available literature in order to gain a greater understanding of the methods which children partake in in order to foster reconciliation in a post-conflict environment. In total, 18 cases which pertain to children and reconciliation were analysed in order to find patterns, gaps and commonalities in the texts through the textual content analysis method. Furthermore, the findings were analysed in accordance to Galtung´s 12 reconciliation approaches. Based on the analysis, it became clear how limited and scarce the literature is on reporting on the ways in which children reconcile. Furthermore, all of the texts present children as innocent victims who are not to blame for what had occurred. Despite the fact that children were victims as well as perpetrators in the conflict. Additionally, there is a clear distinction in the methods which are used to reconcile child soldiers versus children that were not directly involved in the conflict. In other words, many of the findings can aid in branching out the research to explore further the differences between child soldiers and non-child soldiers, as well as the general perception of children as victims. In addition, the concept of childhood and when one is considered a child should be explored, especially in non-western cultures, where an individual is considered a child under the age of 18, yet in other cultures “children” under 18 are married, have their own children, are responsible for their parents and very much live “adult” lives.
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Jordan, Allison. "Voluntary societies in Victorian and Edwardian Belfast". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303854.
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Anderson, Carl. "The organisation of foraging in insect societies". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286576.
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Hales, David. "Tag based co-operation in artificial societies". Thesis, University of Essex, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340588.
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Shastri, Krishna. "British building societies : the role of marketing". Thesis, City University London, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239237.
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Tung, Cynthia. "The Development of Writing and Preliterate Societies". Thesis, Boston College, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:107209.
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Thesis advisor: Michael J. ConnollyThis paper explores the question of script choice for a preliterate society deciding to write their language down for the first time through an exposition on types of writing systems and a brief history of a few writing systems throughout the world. Societies sometimes invented new scripts, sometimes adapted existing ones, and other times used a combination of both these techniques. Based on the covered scripts ranging from Mesopotamia to Asia to Europe to the Americas, I identify factors that influence the script decision including neighboring scripts, access to technology, and the circumstances of their introduction to writing. Much of the world uses the Roman alphabet and I present the argument that almost all preliterate societies beginning to write will choose to use a version of the Roman alphabet. However, the alphabet does not fit all languages equally well, and the paper closes out with an investigation into some of these inadequacies and how languages might resolve these issues
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2015
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Departmental Honors
Discipline: Slavic and Eastern Languages and Literatures
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Glowacki, Luke. "Incentives for War in Small-Scale Societies". Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:17467302.
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This dissertation investigates why men in small-scale societies participate in warfare. The answer to this question has implications for understanding the role of war in our species’ history, as well as the evolution of cooperation. I explore this question through ethnographic research using data from small-scale societies. A central component of this research was undertaken through fieldwork among the Nyangatom, a group of pastoralists in East Africa still practicing small-scale warfare.
Chapter One provides an introduction to the primary question of this dissertation. It also provides details on the methods used as well as background on the fieldwork I conducted. Chapter Two develops the cultural-rewards hypothesis, which posits that cultures encourage participation in warfare through the development of positive cultural incentives for warriors. It tests this hypothesis using cross-cultural data from 20 small-scale societies and shows a positive relationship between cultural reward systems and risk-taking in warfare. Chapter Three introduces the Nyangatom, a group of nomadic pastoralists living along the border of Ethiopia, South Sudan, and the Ilemi Triangle. Chapter Four provides a detailed ethnographic description of warfare among the Nyangatom, including the first documented account of many ritual elements in warfare for any Ateker group. Chapter Five focuses on the question of whether warriors have additional wives or children compared to other men. Over a lifetime, warriors who participated in more small livestock raids had a greater number of wives and children. Leaders of large raids, however, did not have an increased number of wives and children. Chapter Six evaluates the role of sanctions in motivating participation in raiding parties for three groups, including the Nyangatom. It shows a possibly important role of verbal sanctions for raiding party participation but provides little support for the importance of more serious sanctions. Chapter Seven summarizes the results of this dissertation and briefly sketches future research that will continue to explore the question of why individuals participate in intergroup conflict.Human Evolutionary Biology
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Sigler, Steven M. "Renewing societies : interculturalism and the creative sojourner /". Murdoch University Digital Theses Project, 2007. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20100203.142632.
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Sigler, Steven. "Renewing Societies: Interculturalism and the Creative Sojourner". Thesis, Sigler, Steven (2007) Renewing Societies: Interculturalism and the Creative Sojourner. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2007. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/1691/.
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From their nascent beginnings during World War II to their good governance and capacity building focus under the Post-Washington Consensus of the early 21st century, international development activities have encompassed a particular world view. This world view, founded on Western historical materialism and a normative perspective, rationalizes “the project” as the predominate form of development assistance and the “expert” or “volunteer” as its agent. Yet this approach to development, although at times successful, has often proved to be unsustainable in the absence of international financing and expertise.
Still, there is an alternative approach available when one recognizes that what the vast majority of people want is security for themselves, their families, and their lifestyles.1 From this approach, the focus of development is shifted away from what people do not have (be it material comforts, infrastructure, or good governance) and sets it on the critical roles culture, individual growth, and informal association have in community development. In this approach, human agency at the interpersonal level becomes critical in the diffusion of social, political, economic, and technological innovation and, accordingly, the decisive factor in poverty reduction. That is to say, development that can address poverty must come from within the social classes that experience it.
To explore how the international development community can act on this alternative approach, this thesis provides a review of the theory, practice, and consequences of international development to the present day and, from that lead, builds a theoretical argument for the individual creative sojourner as a primary messenger of development. In addition, it presents an exploratory case study of creative sojourners in Timor-Leste and, from their ideas and insights, proposes policy considerations for an overseas apprenticeship program that would support the efforts of trades people, agriculturalists, and small entrepreneurs in improving their lives and, in the process, renewing their societies.
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Sigler, Steven. "Renewing Societies: Interculturalism and the Creative Sojourner". Sigler, Steven (2007) Renewing Societies: Interculturalism and the Creative Sojourner. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2007. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/1691/.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
From their nascent beginnings during World War II to their good governance and capacity building focus under the Post-Washington Consensus of the early 21st century, international development activities have encompassed a particular world view. This world view, founded on Western historical materialism and a normative perspective, rationalizes “the project” as the predominate form of development assistance and the “expert” or “volunteer” as its agent. Yet this approach to development, although at times successful, has often proved to be unsustainable in the absence of international financing and expertise.
Still, there is an alternative approach available when one recognizes that what the vast majority of people want is security for themselves, their families, and their lifestyles.1 From this approach, the focus of development is shifted away from what people do not have (be it material comforts, infrastructure, or good governance) and sets it on the critical roles culture, individual growth, and informal association have in community development. In this approach, human agency at the interpersonal level becomes critical in the diffusion of social, political, economic, and technological innovation and, accordingly, the decisive factor in poverty reduction. That is to say, development that can address poverty must come from within the social classes that experience it.
To explore how the international development community can act on this alternative approach, this thesis provides a review of the theory, practice, and consequences of international development to the present day and, from that lead, builds a theoretical argument for the individual creative sojourner as a primary messenger of development. In addition, it presents an exploratory case study of creative sojourners in Timor-Leste and, from their ideas and insights, proposes policy considerations for an overseas apprenticeship program that would support the efforts of trades people, agriculturalists, and small entrepreneurs in improving their lives and, in the process, renewing their societies.
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GIUSTO, EDOARDO. "Sensor-based ICT Systems for Smart Societies". Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2925002.
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Hammond, Leslie J. "An investigation into the impact of the 1986 Building Societies Act on the strategies and performance of UK building societies". Thesis, Henley Business School, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242972.
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Dvor̆ák, Milan. "Obstacles to democratization : the role of civil societies /". Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2000. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA380255.
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Groh, Ty L. "Ungoverned spaces : the challenges of governing tribal societies". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2006. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/06Jun%5FGroh.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Defense Decision Making and Planning))--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2006.Thesis Advisor(s): Anne L. Clunan, Thomas H. Johnson. "June 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p. 131-136). Also available via the World Wide Web.
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Tehrani, Ali. "Alternative media : Empowerment in individuals in totalitarian societies". Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för planering och mediedesign, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-1992.
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My thesis explores changes in media technologies and the way alternative media affect the dynamics of power in totalitarian societies. How totalitarian states respond to these media trends and the security importance of the information coming from the inside of the totalitarian territory are the main interests of my essay. My primary sources in this research are Animal Farm, a novella by George Orwell; the film The Lives of Others (2006) by Florian Henckel von Donnersmarck; and the recently published novel, The Revisionists, by Thomas Mullen. My primary goals in this essay are firstly to argue that the social and political conditions presented in these works match definitions of totalitarian societies. Using my secondary sources, I introduce the main characteristics of totalitarian societies and highlight their mechanism in my primary sources. Secondly, I investigate the role of media in such societies along with technological changes that have added new items to security concerns. Besides reading the reflections of reality in fictional presentations in some cases, I give examples from the 21st century world that we are living in and argue that it is an extension of the conditions presented in Animal Farm and The Lives of Others.
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Hansen, Lars H. "The division of labour in post-industrial societies /". Göteborg : Dept. of Sociology [Sociologiska institutionen], Univ, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/131.
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Peiffer, Douglas P. "Economic aid and the convert in Islamic societies". Multnomah users log in here to view thesis, 2002. http://www.multnomah.edu/intranet/pagesresources/library/Tren.asp?id=001-0848.
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Gelber, Emily O. S. "Fear of Forgetting: How Societies Deal with Genocide". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/382.
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This thesis discusses how certain societies (Germany, Israel, and Argentina) that have been involved in two documented cases of genocide in the 20th Century -- one that was the source for and falls within the United Nations Treaty definition of genocide (the Holocaust), and one that does not (the Dirty War in Argentina) --have dealt with these events in their recent past. In dealing with these issues, the thesis employs the analysis of genocide developed by the Argentine scholar, Daniel Feierstein, who has proposed that all genocides progress through a series of steps that first create what he calls a "negative otherness" to the victims of the genocide, that then isolates and debilitates the victim group, and that ultimately leads, as a penultimate (not final) step, to the physical annihilation of the victims of the genocide. Feierstein's most novel and provocative contribution to the study of genocide, however, is his concept that there is an additional and final step -- which he calls the threat of “symbolic realization” -- that will actually take place in society after the killing or physical annihilation has been completed and the historical order of things has been restored. In Feierstein’s view, the purpose of genocide is to use the technologies of power of the state against the victim group in order to permanently change social relations within the state by excluding and then annihilating the victims of the genocide. For this reason, Feierstein argues that, unless the post-genocide society continues to confront the causes and reality of the genocide as a present and ongoing political and social dynamic in the society, so that the memory and cultural and social presence of the victim group is preserved in an immediate way, the genocide will be realized on a symbolic level in the sense that the change of social relations that the perpetrators of the genocide intended will in fact occur. In the analysis that follows of the issues of assigning culpability, providing reparations, and constructing memorials in post-genocide societies, the thesis argues that, whether consciously articulated or not, what drives the bitter controversy and debates over these matters in post-genocide societies is an underlying fear on the part of victims and victim groups that the significance of what they have suffered and why they have suffered will be lost and forgotten (symbolically realized, in Feierstein’s terminology) in the state's efforts at reconciliation precisely through the process of assigning guilt, awarding reparations, and constructing memorials. Going a step beyond where Feierstein leaves off, the thesis suggests, however, that this sort of symbolic realization is, in fact, an inevitable and unavoidable consequence of the process of writing the history of the genocide (or any event) and the detachment, analysis, contextualization, reductiveness, and simplification that history requires.
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Stokes, Christopher Anthony. "Information societies in formation : making information-society strategies". Thesis, Lancaster University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322863.
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Zaidi, Asghar. "Well-being of older people in ageing societies". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.420442.
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Dvorak, Milan. "Obstacles to democratization: the role of civil societies". Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/9257.
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The objective of this research is to develop a set of criteria that might be used to highlight the obstacles with which many nations have had to deal after they started to restore, or build democracy. The research is focused on historical conditions that shaped the development of civil societies in four countries (Czech Republic, Poland, Botswana and Kenya) before these countries decided to restore or build their democracies. The study of these four countries from different parts of the world shows essential obstacles that, to some extent, shaped the process of the transition and could be taken into account to predict its length, success, or failure. These pre-existing obstacles are sometimes overlooked or underestimated at the beginning of the transformation, and, consequently they could cause not only the failure of the democratic process, but also increasing tension in society.
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Thwaites, Desmond. "Innovation and marketing practices in UK building societies". Thesis, University of Bradford, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.316653.
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Reader, Nicola Sian. "Female friendly societies in industrialising England, 1780-1850". Thesis, University of Leeds, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.428270.
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Robertson, J. M. Y. "On the evolution of pig-tailed macaque societies". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382296.
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Arabindoo, Pushpa Gowri. "Absent societies : contouring urban citizenship in postcolonial Chennai". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2008. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2177/.
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This thesis contours the dynamics of urban citizenship in a postcolonial city, against a cautionary note that such cities are undergoing a unique metamorphosis triggered by the national pursuit of neo-liberalisation policies. In an existing condition of sharply divided geographies, postcolonial cities, by becoming key portals to the flows of trans-nationalised capital, are being subject to a spatial reordering resulting in heightened forms of socio-economic inequality. Amidst a reduced terrain of common allegiances, neo-liberal citizenship rejects the ideal of commensurable citizens and is more conducive to a bourgeois ethic of right, which now defines the cityscape. In this regard, the research examines the construction of urban citizenship by Indian middle class homeowners in the southern metropolis of Chennai. Residents were interviewed on two main issues - their use of residents' associations as a means of collective action and their operation in the realm of civil society, and their adoption of a 'pristine' vocabulary in the re-imagination of the public spaces, mainly the beaches, in the city. Their responses are analysed against the state's pursuit of a new form of urban developmentalism to establish how they complement each other. This reveals that - oscillating between socio-political absenteeism and active citizenship - the political engagement of the Indian middle class is paradoxically through a process of 'depoliticisation'. While there is concern about the middle class's earlier practiced politics of indifference morphing into a politics of intolerance, this research finds that their bourgeois discourse of citizenship, hinging together the notion of propriety and property, comes across as weak and flawed, one that is exclusive but easily contested.
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Simões, Lucas Silva. "Emergent Collective Properties in Societies of Neural Networks". Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43134/tde-17092018-154433/.
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This project deals with the study of the social learning dynamics of agents in a society. For that we employ techniques from statistical mechanics, machine learning and probability theory. Agents interact in pairs by exchanging for/against opinions about issues using an algorithm constrained by available information. Making use of a maximum entropy analysis one can describe the interacting pair as a dynamics along the gradient of the logarithm of the evidence. This permits introducing energy like quantities and approximate global Hamiltonians. We test different hypothesis having in mind the limitations and advantages of each one. Knowledge of the expected value of the Hamiltonian is relevant information for the state of the society, inducing a canonical distribution by maximum entropy. The results are interpreted with the usual tools from statistical mechanics and thermodynamics. Some of the questions we discuss are: the existence of phase transitions separating ordered and disordered phases depending on the society parameters; how the issue being discussed by the agents influences the outcomes of the discussion, and how this reflects on the overall organization of the group; and the possible different interactions between opposing parties, and to which extent disagreement affects the cohesiveness of the society.Esse projeto lida com o estudo da dinâmica de aprendizado social de agentes em uma sociedade. Para isso empregamos técnicas de mecânica estatística, aprendizado de máquina e teoria de probabilidades. Agentes interagem em pares trocando opiniões pró/contra questões usando um algoritmo restringido pela informação disponível. Fazendo-se uso de uma análise de máxima entropia, pode-se descrever o par da interação como uma dinâmica ao longo do gradiente do logaritmo da evidência. Isso permite introduzir quantidades similares a energia e Hamiltonianos globais aproximados. Testamos diferentes hipóteses tendo em mente as limitações e as vantagens de cada uma. Conhecimento do valor esperado do Hamiltoniano é informação relevante para o estado da sociedade, induzindo uma distribuição canônica a partir de máxima entropia. Os resultados são interpretados com as ferramentas usuais de mecânica estatística e termodinâmica. Algumas das questões que discutimos são: a existência de transições de fase separando fases ordenada e desordenada dependendo dos parâmetros da sociedade; o como a questão sendo discutida pelos agentes influencia os resultados da discussão, e como isso se reflete na organização do grupo como um todo; e as possíveis diferentes interações entre partidos opostos, e até que ponto o desacordo afeta a coesão da sociedade.
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Bishwakarma, Man [Verfasser]. "Social Inclusion in Microfinance. Cooperative Societies / Man Bishwakarma". München : GRIN Verlag, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1240675135/34.
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Mendes, Constança Silveira Corrêa. "Feminism(s) & NGO leadership in emergent societies". Master's thesis, reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/26229.
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Proposta – Este trabalho pretende identificar como diferentes perspetivas de feminismo influenciam as práticas de liderança de uma ONG da América Latina. Durante o desenvolvimento deste trabalho, os determinantes do feminismo foram analisados bem com os seus impactos para a liderança da ONG. Metodologia – A pesquisa é baseada em dados primários através de entrevistas a pessoas com uma relação próxima com a organização. Para obter conclusões validas, a data foi analisada usando uma framework protocolo. Resultados – A presença de diferentes perspetivas de feminismo que coexistem em harmonia podem ser um grande fator para preparar o líder de uma organização para lidar com ambientes complexos. Usando uma estratégia de Ambos/e leva a resultados organizacionais mais efetivos e de maior sucesso. Limitações de Pesquisa – Este trabalho tem o foco numa ONG localizada no Brasil, mais especificamente no Rio de janeiro. ONGs de outras localidades não foram cobertas pela data, o que significa que conclusões gerais sobre a liderança de ONGs de outros locais não podem ser tiradas. Implicações Práticas – Esta pesquisa pode ajudar empresas a perceber a importância de feminismos e como serem capazes de responder a paradoxos pode levar a resultados mais efetivos e de sucesso. Originalidade – Para conhecimento do autor, este é o primeiro estudo que combina tópicos de feminismo e liderança de ONGs, para melhor entender a relação entre eles.
Purpose – This work aims to identify how different perspectives of Feminism influence the leadership practices of an NGO from Latin America. In the course of this work, determinants of feminisms are analyzed and implications for the NGO leadership are drawn. Design/Methodology – The research relies on primary data collected through interviews with three people that have a close relationship with the organization. To draw valid conclusions, the data was analyzed using a protocol framework. Findings – The presence of different perspectives of feminisms that co-exist in harmony can be a main factor to prepare the organization’s leader to deal with complex situations. Using a strategy of both/and leadership leads to effective and successful organizational outcomes. Research limitations – This work focused on an NGO located in Brazil, more specifically inRio de Janeiro. NGOs from other locations were not covered by the data, therefore no general conclusions on the leadership of NGOs from other places can be drawn. Practical implications – This research can help organizations in the business world to understand the importance of feminisms and how being able to respond to paradoxes can lead to effective and successful organizational outcomes. Originality – To the knowledge of the author, this is the first study that combines the topics of Feminism with the leadership of NGOs, to better understand the relationship between them.