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Mutanen, Arto. "Constructive Methods in Economics". Synthesis philosophica 34, nr 1 (2019): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21464/sp34104.
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Constructive methods and constructivity have been under extensive discussion in the philosophy of science. In mathematics and experimental sciences, constructive methods have a long tradition. From experimental sciences, constructive methods broadened to empirical sciences, as constructive empiricism demonstrates. For the last few decades, scientists from social sciences have been discussing social constructionism, which is a new direction in this multidimensional tradition of constructive methods. In economics, mathematical methods such as game theory are generally used. The mathematisation of science can be done in the spirit of the pedagogic-scientific mode or technocratic-scientific mode, which both are present in economics. Mathematical and other constructive methods may allow us to find out scientific understanding for particular phenomena. However, there is a real danger that the whole of science becomes technocratic. The question is not about constructions, but the whole aim of science – whether it is pedagogical or not.
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Johnson, Robert A., i David J. Bartholomew. "Guidebook 1: Mathematical Methods in Social Science." Journal of the American Statistical Association 80, nr 389 (marzec 1985): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2288083.
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Ehrhardt, Matthias, Lucas Jódar Sánchez i Rafael Jacinto Villanueva Micó. "Numerical methods and mathematical modelling in biology, medicine and social sciences". International Journal of Computer Mathematics 91, nr 2 (luty 2014): 176–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207160.2014.896653.
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Nemtsov, A. V., i N. A. Zorin. "Mathematical methods in psychiatric papers". Scientometrics 42, nr 2 (czerwiec 1998): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02458352.
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Khamkhoeva, F., i Z. Khautieva. "MODERN PROBLEMS OF APPLYING MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN THE ASPECT OF ECONOMICS". National Association of Scientists 3, nr 74 (30.12.2021): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31618/nas.2413-5291.2021.3.74.530.
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The penetration of the mathematical apparatus into the economy created the basis for the development of methods of economic analysis, econometrics, mathematical programming, economic statistics, etc. Today, the interpenetration of different branches of knowledge continues, in particular, the application of mathematical methods in the natural and social sciences and in the economic sphere. Among mathematical methods of data processing are polynomial, linear, quadratic, trigonometric, exponential and combined dependencies, differential and algebraic equations. The statistical processing of data from the evaluation of the structure and dynamics of the phenomenon has gone in the direction of correlation analysis and forecasting. The deep penetration of mathematics into specific sciences and the success achieved through a combination of methods from different branches of knowledge is described by many researchers. The possibilities of applying mathematics are increasingly being explored in areas of knowledge where phenomena are poorly structured and characterized by the high complexity of sociology, political science, management and economics. The article presents a retrospective analysis of the development of scientific and applied research concerning the process of mathematics of science and the possibilities of using mathematical methods in economics in particular. Problems and constraints encountered in applying mathematical methods in economic research have been identified. Measures have been identified to ensure the adequacy of the development of economic and mathematical models from the standpoint of approaches to their construction, the improvement of management processes and the improvement of the training of specialists in economic fields.
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Andersen, Heine. "Gender inequality and paradigms in the social sciences". Social Science Information 40, nr 2 (czerwiec 2001): 265–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/053901801040002004.
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The article is based on a survey of 788 Danish researchers, mainly from the social sciences, and analyses differences between female and male researchers concerning cognitive styles and cognitive convictions. Sandra Harding's portrait of modern science as androcentric and characterized by a set of gender-related dualisms is taken as a point of departure, and the results by and large show gender differences which can be related to this picture. Male researchers give more importance to methodological ideals taken from natural science, objectivity, mathematical methods, rationality, universality and cumulative results, etc., than female researchers do. These differences are shown to be correlated with the degree of power orientation of research topics.
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Irina, Shchemeleva. "“I’m Applying Mathematical Methods to Social Sciences” : Norms in Disciplinary Writing and Methodological Paradigms". Journal of AsiaTEFL 18, nr 4 (31.12.2021): 1176–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.18823/asiatefl.2021.18.4.7.1176.
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Sokolova, Tatiana D., i Liana A. Tukhvatulina. "Methodological Reductionism and the Idea of Progress in the Social Sciences and Humanities: An Internalist Perspective". Voprosy Filosofii, nr 11 (2022): 76–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2022-11-76-86.
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In this paper, we consider the internalistic foundations of progress in the social sciences and humanities. Our working hypothesis is that a linear (cumulative) understanding of progress in the humanities and social sciences expresses itself in a tendency towards methodological reductionism (naturalization within epistemology of social sciences and humanities), which, in turn, is opposed to a nonlinear (pluralistic) approach that proclaims a theoretical variety and pluralism of methodological attitudes. This trend is determined by the desire to strengthen the epistemic foundations of social sciences and humanities through the reception of concepts and approaches of other, “more successful” natural sciences or mathematical approaches from related fields in social sciences. Depending on how exactly the reception takes place and with which disciplines ties are built up, we distinguish three strategies for the development of naturalization. The first is a substitution strategy in which the social sciences and humanities not only borrow directly from natural sciences approaches, but also abandon their own specific research subject. The second strategy is an adaptation strategy. In this case, we are not talking about methodological substitution in its pure form, but about the possibility of partial reception of certain natural science theories and methods (or the reception of mathematical methods from related areas of social knowledge – for example, from the area of economic analysis) in accordance with the goals and objectives of social and humanitarian research (that is, the social sciences and humanities retain their specific subject of research, and the methodological base expands through the use of scientific and mathematical methods and data). And finally, the third is the validation strategy, in which the specific subject of social and humanitarian research is preserved. However, the borrowing of scientific methods occurs not at the stage of the research, but at the stage of assessing its results. In the paper we use specific examples from the social sciences and humanities to consider three strategies of reductionism (as naturalization) from the point of view of their consequences for the development of social sciences and humanities in an internalist perspective.
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Majumdar, Mukul, i Norman Schofield. "Mathematical Methods in Economics". Journal of Business & Economic Statistics 4, nr 2 (kwiecień 1986): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1391329.
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Borowska, Maria. "Quantitative methods in the field of economic sciences". VUZF Review 5, nr 2 (29.06.2020): 22–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.38188/2534-9228.20.2.03.
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The usage of quantitative tools for creating the mathematical models of functioning different economic facilities abounds the opportunity for better understanding and acquaintance of the surrounding reality. A lot of thinkers identify even universality of the particular branch of knowledge with the extent of its ‘mathematization’. Applying mathematical methods so called quantitative provide great and not to overestimate services not only in the science research of technique, physics, astronomy, biology and medicine, but also – within the qualitative methods- in the field of social science in the sphere of the control of the quality of production or in the process of service management or decision making. Complex nature of the social and economic phenomena requires making the usage of the most modern means and the ubiquitous computerization significantly confirms the usefulness of these methods. Progressing ‘mathematization’ and computerization of the science forces creating and applying quantitative (mathematical) models including economic science. The model of operating of studied system was considered in two variants. I. when the process of the product delivery to the store represents inclusively the subsystem of production and the subsystem of the transportation – it could be then said that the level of filling the store up is controlled by the aggregated process of the delivery of the product.
when the process of the product delivery to the store takes into account explicate both the production process and also the operating of transportation subsystem, so it is then the structural process of the product delivery. Both in the aggregated and structural version, the analyses of the functioning of the system was made in three variants of the store filling: intermediate state of the store filling; zero state of the store filling that is lower barrier; the state of full storage of the store, that is the upper barrier. The result of my analyses are two proprietary probabilistic models of system operation which are presented through the system of differential equations both in the aggregated and structural variant. Probabilistic models of functioning of the system in both variants presented throughout the probabilistic model also enable determining sizing prognosis which are characteristic for the functioning of this system. These prognoses are transferred to the unit of the management system and they provide the premises to the streamline of its functioning.
These tools create the basics of theoretical and methodological constructed computer programmes of the informative systems of decision-making support.
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Barons, Martine Jayne, i Rachel L. Wilkerson. "Proof and Uncertainty in Causal Claims". Exchanges: The Interdisciplinary Research Journal 5, nr 2 (7.06.2018): 72–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.31273/eirj.v5i2.238.
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Causal questions drive scientific enquiry. From Hume to Granger, and Rubin to Pearl the history of science is full of examples of scientists testing new theories in an effort to uncover causal mechanisms. The difficulty of drawing causal conclusions from observational data has prompted developments in new methodologies, most notably in the area of graphical models. We explore the relationship between existing theories about causal mechanisms in a social science domain, new mathematical and statistical modelling methods, the role of mathematical proof and the importance of accounting for uncertainty. We show that, while the mathematical sciences rely on their modelling assumptions, dialogue with the social sciences calls for continual extension of these models. We show how changing model assumptions lead to innovative causal structures and more nuanced casual explanations. We review differing techniques for determining cause in different disciplines using causal theories from psychology, medicine, and economics.
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O'Brien, Carl M., K. Ito i N. Ikeda. "Probabilistic Methods in Mathematical Physics." Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A (Statistics in Society) 152, nr 1 (1989): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2982834.
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Tushnova, Yulya. "Features of Social-Perceptual Properties of Mathematically Gifted Students". International Journal of Cognitive Research in Science, Engineering and Education 8, Special issue (21.12.2020): 103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/2334-8496-2020-8-si-103-112.
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The attention of modern society to intellectual potential makes the problem of studying mathematically gifted youth at the stage of self-determination in higher education relevant. Practical problems related to the psychological features of social adaptation of mathematically gifted youth require solving. The main goal of the research is to study the social and perceptual abilities of mathematically gifted students. The study sample consisted of 76 natural science students aged 17-23 years (M=19.8, SD=3.2 (58% men). The research methods were: testing (test of analytical mathematical abilities, test of the structure of intelligence (TSI) of R. Amthauer), expert assessment, survey (questionnaire of V. A. Krutetsky, questionnaires aimed at diagnosing socio-perceptual abilities), statistical methods. Self-assessment of intelligence, composite assessment, and some components of social intelligence and some components of empathy are significantly different. The ability of mathematical generalization and practical mathematical thinking have a greater number of relationships with social and perceptual properties. Here we found relationships not only with empathy, but also the ability to recognize verbal expression and the General ability to understand and manage their own and other people’s emotions. The ability to operate images in two-dimensional space is related only to the level and components of emotional intelligence. According to the results of the study, the features of socio-perceptual properties of students with different levels of analytical mathematical abilities are described. The conclusions can be used in the development of a program of psychological support for this category of students.
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Hälterlein, Jens. "Epistemologies of predictive policing: Mathematical social science, social physics and machine learning". Big Data & Society 8, nr 1 (styczeń 2021): 205395172110031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20539517211003118.
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Predictive policing has become a new panacea for crime prevention. However, we still know too little about the performance of computational methods in the context of predictive policing. The paper provides a detailed analysis of existing approaches to algorithmic crime forecasting. First, it is explained how predictive policing makes use of predictive models to generate crime forecasts. Afterwards, three epistemologies of predictive policing are distinguished: mathematical social science, social physics and machine learning. Finally, it is shown that these epistemologies have significant implications for the constitution of predictive knowledge in terms of its genesis, scope, intelligibility and accessibility. It is the different ways future crimes are rendered knowledgeable in order to act upon them that reaffirm or reconfigure the status of criminological knowledge within the criminal justice system, direct the attention of law enforcement agencies to particular types of crimes and criminals and blank out others, satisfy the claim for the meaningfulness of predictions or break with it and allow professionals to understand the algorithmic systems they shall rely on or turn them into a black box. By distinguishing epistemologies and analysing their implications, this analysis provides insight into the techno-scientific foundations of predictive policing and enables us to critically engage with the socio-technical practices of algorithmic crime forecasting.
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Lipovetsky, Stan. "Applied Regularization Methods for the Social Sciences". Technometrics 64, nr 3 (3.07.2022): 419–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00401706.2022.2087423.
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Yousefi Nooraie, Reza, Joanna E. M. Sale, Alexandra Marin i Lori E. Ross. "Social Network Analysis: An Example of Fusion Between Quantitative and Qualitative Methods". Journal of Mixed Methods Research 14, nr 1 (8.10.2018): 110–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558689818804060.
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A quantitative approach to social network analysis involves the application of mathematical and statistical techniques and graphical presentation of results. Nonetheless—as with all sciences—subjectivity is an integral aspect of network analysis, manifested in the selection of measures to describe connection patterns and actors’ positions (e.g., choosing a centrality indicator), in the visualization of social structure in graphs, and in translating numbers into words (telling the story). Here, we use network research as an example to illustrate how quantitative and qualitative approaches, techniques, and data are mixed along a continuum of fusion between quantitative and qualitative realms.
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Broom, Mark. "Introduction to Mathematical Methods in Bioinformatics". Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society) 168, nr 2 (marzec 2005): 461–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-985x.2005.358_8.x.
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De Dreu, Carsten, i Peter Carnevale. "Disparate Methods and Common Findings in the Study of Negotiation". International Negotiation 10, nr 1 (2005): 193–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1571806054741074.
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AbstractIn this article, we compare the relative popularity of a wide variety of methods and techniques used in the study of conflict and negotiation across five domains of inquiry: political science, communication sciences, social and personality psychology, economics, and organizational behavior. An analysis of articles on conflict and negotiation published between 1997 and 2001 suggests that laboratory experiments that entail coding of behavior and self-reported data using surveys are especially popular in psychology, organizational behavior, and communication sciences. Mathematical modeling, the use of experimental games, and the use of archival data are especially popular in economics and political science. Diverse methods can provide convergent insights, and this is observed clearly in work on gain-loss framing and on reciprocity in negotiation. We suggest that researchers adopt, or continue to employ, triangulation as an approach to validity: When two or more methods or data sources converge on a construct, we develop greater assurance that our conclusions are not driven by an error or artifact of any one procedure. Each method exhibits strengths and weaknesses, and to the extent they do not overlap but show common effects, we stand on more solid ground with our theoretical conclusions.
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Maulyda, Mohammad Archi, i Muhammad Erfan. "SOCIO-SCIENTIFIC STUDY: RELATIONSHIP OF STUDENTS' SOCIAL INTERACTIONS WITH NATURAL SCIENCES LEARNING OUTCOMES". SPEKTRA: Jurnal Kajian Pendidikan Sains 7, nr 2 (20.10.2021): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.32699/spektra.v7i2.204.
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Social interactions that occur between individuals in natural sciences are called socio-scientific. Socio-scientific norms are rules derived from mathematical values brought into the social context. norms are seen as being able to increase students' understanding. The main focus in this research are, (1) Analyzing social content in elementary natural sciences learning courses; (2) Describe the process of social interaction on research subjects; and (3) describe the relationship between social interaction and natural sciences learning outcomes. This type of research is quantitative with a descriptive approach. Study subjects was 100 prospective elementary school teachers. Data collection techniques was using survey methods and analysis of student’s final exam in natural sciences test. Data analysis uses simple linear regression analysis. From the research, the results are obtained: (1) Mathematical content in the lecture process has been raised by the lecturer. The lecture system in the form of group discussions can improve students' communication, courage and collaboration skills. (2) The description of students' social interactions can be modeled. Social interaction models show social interaction can be in the form of associative and dissociative. (3) There is a relationship between social interaction with learning outcomes in natural sciences. The relationship is quite strong, and social interaction influences student natural sciences learning outcomes
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Malska, M. "Analysis of main methods computer science and travel services". Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography 2, nr 43 (19.10.2013): 229–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2013.43.1717.
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We consider the current general scientific and special methods used in research accommodation travel services. In particular, the system of mathematical-statistical methods and techniques. Through analysis the main factors of space system services. Described cartographic methods spatial system services. Keywords: method, travel services, tourism, social and geographical research, space system services.
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Lee, Herbert K. H. "Bayesian Methods: A Social and Behavioral Sciences Approach". American Statistician 62, nr 4 (listopad 2008): 356. http://dx.doi.org/10.1198/000313008x370915.
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Prigon, Maksim N. "Methods of law and other sciences for mathematical modelling of social relations in the field of public law". Leningrad legal journal, nr 3 (2021): 34–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.35231/18136230_2021_3_34.
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Osipov, Gennady, Svetlana Karepova, Vadim Ponkratov, Alan Karaev, Andrey Masterov i Marina Vasiljeva. "Economic and Mathematical Methods for Ranking Eastern European Universities". Industrial Engineering & Management Systems 19, nr 1 (31.03.2020): 273–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.7232/iems.2020.19.1.273.
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Chechetkina, Irina Igorevna. "Philosophical and Methodological Aspects of Discrete Mathematical Chemistry as a New Field of Knowledge in Theoretical Chemistry in its Logical and Historical Context". Философская мысль, nr 12 (grudzień 2022): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8728.2022.12.39327.
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The subject of the study is discrete mathematical chemistry as a new field of knowledge in theoretical chemistry. Particular attention is paid to such aspects of research as: the characteristics of the stages of its development in connection with scientific and social problems, their connection with the formation of the subject and the features of methodology, the difference between discrete mathematical chemistry from mathematical chemistry, chemoinformatics and digital chemistry, the connection with these sciences is traced. The object of research is mathematical discrete chemistry in the context of its history. The methodology of the research includes the principle of the relationship between historical and logical, which made it possible to identify turning points in the history of discrete mathematical chemistry associated with its theorization, and a systematic approach, in which the hierarchy of mathematical models in modern mathematical chemical sciences is considered, revealing the peculiarity of the subject of discrete mathematical chemistry. It is concluded that discrete mathematical chemistry is an independent field of knowledge that arose as a result of the integration of methods of non-numerical mathematics and various fields of chemical knowledge. It has gradually emerged from various fields of chemical sciences, has its own specifics, which distinguishes it from mathematical chemistry, chemoinformatics and digital chemistry according to the following criteria: 1) the method of introducing discrete mathematics into chemistry without the participation of an intermediary in this process – physics, 2) a special style of mathematical thinking in chemistry, 3) the degree of idealization in mathematical modeling. Its mathematical apparatus is a mathematical modeling, which is used to formalize many chemical sciences. It is a research tool and the language of modern chemistry. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that the specificity of discrete mathematical chemistry is revealed, its identity and independence are established, and its methodological boundaries are determined in accordance with the hierarchy of mathematical chemical sciences. The research results contribute to the methodology of chemistry and the philosophy of science.
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Harin, Alexander. "Forbidden Zones for the Expectations of Data: New Mathematical Methods and Models for Behavioral Economics". Academic Journal of Applied Mathematical Sciences, nr 81 (19.12.2021): 12–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/ajams.81.12.26.
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A forbidden zone theorem, hypothesis, and applied mathematical method and model are introduced in the present article. The method and model are based on the forbidden zones and hypothesis. The article is initiated by the well-known generic problems concerned with the mathematical description of the behavior of a man. The essence of the problems consists in biases of preferences and decisions of a man in comparison with predictions of the probability theory. The model is uniformly and successfully applied for different domains. The ultimate goal of the research is to solve some generic problems of behavioral economics, decision theories, and the social sciences.
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Morze, Nataliia V., Iryna V. Mashkina i Mariia A. Boiko. "Experience in training specialists with mathematical computer modeling skills, taking into account the needs of the modern labor market". CTE Workshop Proceedings 9 (21.03.2022): 95–196. http://dx.doi.org/10.55056/cte.106.
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Today in most countries there is a lack of qualifications in areas, which require specialists with mathematical competencies, despite the high unemployment rate in many countries. At the same time, it is generally recognized that most likely those sciences are developing, the fundamental results of which can be formulated mathematically. Using mathematical methods, researchers draw important conclusions that could hardly be obtained otherwise. Digital transformation of all industries requires specialists with a sufficient level of mathematical competence and skills in ICT tools, including computer modeling using the approach called Inquiry-Based Mathematics Education (IBME).
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Manrique-Vallier, Daniel. "Capture-Recapture Methods for the Social and Medical Sciences". American Statistician 74, nr 2 (2.04.2020): 207–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00031305.2020.1745574.
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ÇİNÇİN, Kemal. "SPOR BİLİMLERİNDE YÖNELİMSELLİK, FELSEFE VE YÖNTEM". SOCIAL SCIENCE DEVELOPMENT JOURNAL 7, nr 33 (15.09.2022): 437–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31567/ssd.707.
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The importance of sports sciences increases day by day in individual and social fields. In addition to contributing to the development and protection of physical and mental abilities of individuals, sports sciences are expected to include activities that address a complex process concerning directly the public health, culture and economy. In this sense, sport, as a human action, turns into a phenomenon that needs to be dealt with ontologically, epistemologically and ethically. It can be said that the current discussions in the field of the history and philosophy of science also include the methodological problems of sports sciences. It is difficult to say that philosophy is sufficiently and effectively utilized in solving possible problems encountered in the field of sports sciences. The content of undergraduate course content and athlete training in faculties of sports sciences, which have practical repetitions to a large extent, has caused mental preparation and reactions to be far from the field of philosophy. It is clear that mental preparation is an important part of both training and competitions. It is undoubtedly important for the success of the athlete and the development of the sport that this preparation is handled together with the discipline of philosophy beyond a mere motivation process. In this sense, the effect of intentionality, especially in team games, and its effects on team skill will be discussed with a mathematical modeling example in the present study. Thus, it is aimed to increase the possibility of testing the limits of human skills and to reveal a new set of ethical and technical discussions. As a result of these developments, it is expected that important contributions to the universal identity of sports will be revealed and the concept of human will be reconsidered. In the study, it is aimed to evaluate the actions of athletes with a different perspective from a philosophical and mathematical point of view. Keywords: Sport, Philosophy, Mathematics, Modeling, Intentionality
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Varshavsky, Leonid E. "Mathematical methods for stabilizing the structure of social systems under external disturbances". Computer Research and Modeling 13, nr 4 (sierpień 2021): 845–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.20537/2076-7633-2021-13-4-845-857.
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Brady, Michael Emmett. "J. M. Keynes's position on the general applicability of mathematical, logical and statistical methods in economics and social science". Synthese 76, nr 1 (lipiec 1988): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00869639.
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Kabo, Raymond, Marc-André Bourgault, Jean François Bissonnette, Nathalie Barrette i Louis Tanguay. "Use of Mixed Methods in the Science of Hydrological Extremes: What Are Their Contributions?" Hydrology 10, nr 6 (9.06.2023): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology10060130.
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Research in hydrological sciences is constantly evolving to provide adequate answers to address various water-related issues. Methodological approaches inspired by mathematical and physical sciences have shaped hydrological sciences from its inceptions to the present day. Nowadays, as a better understanding of the social consequences of extreme meteorological events and of the population’s ability to adapt to these becomes increasingly necessary, hydrological sciences have begun to integrate knowledge from social sciences. Such knowledge allows for the study of complex social-ecological realities surrounding hydrological phenomena, such as citizens’ perception of water resources, as well as individual and collective behaviors related to water management. Using a mixed methods approach to combine quantitative and qualitative approaches has thus become necessary to understand the complexity of hydrological phenomena and propose adequate solutions for their management. In this paper, we detail how mixed methods can be used to research flood hydrology and low-flow conditions, as well as in the management of these hydrological extremes, through the analysis of case studies. We frame our analysis within the three paradigms (positivism, post-positivism, and constructivism) and four research designs (triangulation, complementary, explanatory, and exploratory) that guide research in hydrology. We show that mixed methods can notably contribute to the densification of data on extreme flood events to help reduce forecasting uncertainties, to the production of knowledge on low-flow hydrological states that are insufficiently documented, and to improving participatory decision making in water management and in handling extreme hydrological events.
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Ryabukha, Olha. "Mathematical Methods in Biomedical Studies: The Need for New Approaches to Study of Follicular Thyrocytes". SSP Modern Pharmacy and Medicine 2, nr 2 (23.05.2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.53933/sspmpm.v2i2.47.
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The current stage of medical science development requires updating the methodological and procedural base of research, which leads to the expansion of the mathematical methods' scope for medical purposes, including medical diagnosis. Most frequently, its problems are solved by Bayesian, correlation and regression analysis, phase interval method and the methodology of the logical conclusion (logical programming), which operate on quantitative information and are not designed to use qualitative and binary data. The methodology of the fuzzy-set logic, which permits to transform qualitative information into mathematical dependencies, is not widely used yet in the study of biological objects, as it assumes a rigid dependence of some phenomena on others, which is not typical of living biological systems. This limits the use of mathematical technologies to study the characteristics of changes that occur in cells of the body under the influence of various factors. To effectively solve a number of multidisciplinary medical, medico-social and social problems, namely polyetiologically caused thyroid pathology, it is necessary to develop modern informative approaches to study the activity of the thyroid gland in normal and pathology based on mathematical methods.
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Bond, Marjorie E., William L. Carlson, Betty Thorne, D. M. Levine, M. L. Berenson i D. Stephan. "Applied Statistical Methods for Business, Economics, and the Social Sciences". American Statistician 52, nr 2 (maj 1998): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2685484.
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SOLOVEY, L. "METHODICAL ASPECTS OF FORMING KEY COMPETENCIES FOR STUDENTS IN THE STUDIES OF CHEMISTRY". ТHE SOURCES OF PEDAGOGICAL SKILLS, nr 21 (9.03.2018): 182–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.33989/2075-146x.2018.21.206275.
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The article substantiates the priority of the formation of key competencies of students of natural sciences in the process of professional training, the search for optimal forms and methods for organizing training in chemistry in higher education. The forms of organization of teaching of chemistry, which play the first priority in the formation of mathematical, natural sciences and environmental literacy, life skills, information and digital, social and public competencies, are analyzed.The leading form of study at the university is a lecture. Lecture classes on chemistry have an enormous potential, since they form not only the natural sciences competence of students, but also environmental literacy, ability to study, communicate in the state language. The study of chemical formulas, the solving of settlement and situational tasks will contribute to the development of mathematical literacy.The use of different types of counseling forms the ability to generate new ideas, navigate the educational information space, and opens up new opportunities for establishing feedback. Alternatives are e-mail consultations, via Skype- connection, local information network.Excursions in the study of chemistry perform a number of important functions: implement the principle of visibility, enhance the science of learning, communication with life, contribute to polytechnic training, the formation of a holistic natural science picture of the world.The most effective in the development of key competencies are the following forms and methods of teaching chemistry, such as case-method, problem-solving, design-technological activity, independent work of students.
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Martínez-Guerreroa, José I. "A critical review of antecedents of psychological measurement: Is it necessary to revisit or reorganized the foundations Psychometry?" Journal of Basic and Applied Psychology Research 3, nr 5 (5.07.2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.29057/jbapr.v3i5.6774.
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The purpose of present essay was revisited and supplemented antecedents on psychological measurement and analyzed his foundations in a scientific perspective. This review includes since early great pioneers of measurement at the beginning of nineteen century to the principal contributions of psychometrics in the middle of twenty century. The researcher’ knowledge on the Science History in general and the analysis of theories and methodological antecedents of their discipline are very important to an integral scientific’ formation. The problems and challenges of science are showed an interdisciplinary approach that permits the comprehension of scientific concepts and methods, to improve and reorganized each discipline with a broad and new perspective. The roots of Psychometry included pioneers and contributors in Mathematical, Statistical, and Experimental Sciences, who’s had persisted with creativity in the development of theories, methods, models, technics and procedures to construct psychological measurements in social and behavioral sciences. Since the Rasch’ Model and the Item Response Theory, among others advances in multivariate statistics, the modern Psychometry have theories, models, applied strategies and methods to document validity and reliability evidence. Psychometrics today, counts with standards to guide best practices in test development and validation in behavioral sciences.
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Kočinac, Ljubiša D. R. "Advances in General Topology and Its Application". Axioms 12, nr 6 (11.06.2023): 579. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/axioms12060579.
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In recent years, mathematical and, in particular, topological models and methods have been used extensively in real-world problems related to economics, engineering, biology, computer science, medical science, social science, etc [...]
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Mesoudi, Alex, Andrew Whiten i Kevin N. Laland. "Towards a unified science of cultural evolution". Behavioral and Brain Sciences 29, nr 4 (sierpień 2006): 329–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x06009083.
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We suggest that human culture exhibits key Darwinian evolutionary properties, and argue that the structure of a science of cultural evolution should share fundamental features with the structure of the science of biological evolution. This latter claim is tested by outlining the methods and approaches employed by the principal subdisciplines of evolutionary biology and assessing whether there is an existing or potential corresponding approach to the study of cultural evolution. Existing approaches within anthropology and archaeology demonstrate a good match with the macroevolutionary methods of systematics, paleobiology, and biogeography, whereas mathematical models derived from population genetics have been successfully developed to study cultural microevolution. Much potential exists for experimental simulations and field studies of cultural microevolution, where there are opportunities to borrow further methods and hypotheses from biology. Potential also exists for the cultural equivalent of molecular genetics in “social cognitive neuroscience,” although many fundamental issues have yet to be resolved. It is argued that studying culture within a unifying evolutionary framework has the potential to integrate a number of separate disciplines within the social sciences.
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Dilmaghani, Maryam. "Dynamics of social influence: an evolutionary approach". International Journal of Social Economics 41, nr 2 (7.01.2014): 123–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-10-2012-0188.
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Purpose – The paper aims to propose an analytical framework for social influence and mathematical formulation for its main components: conformity and peer-pressure. The framework is conceived to explain why certain behaviours and beliefs propagate in a society and some others disappear. It can also be used to study the emergence and the evolution of the status of the norms in terms of their adoption by the population. Design/methodology/approach – The paper is theoretical, making use of economic quantitative methods. The author proposes a new formulation for the evolutionary dynamics, increasingly borrowed by social scientists. Then, mathematically treating the equation, the author draws general conclusions in form of lemmas, which are proved. Findings – The author's main contribution is to show that even behavioural rules and beliefs that emerge in a minority subset of the population, do not procure any benefit for the agents adopting them can under certain conditions, evolve into the consensus of a society, become a norm. Research limitations/implications – More general conclusion (theorems and lemmas) could be stated and proved. But given that the main contribution of the paper is to the fields of social and behavioural economics, along a number of disciplines less mathematical than economics, the author kept the analysis that required fairy advance mathematics for later. Practical implications – The paper contributes to the evolutionary game theory, evolution of preferences, and evolution of beliefs and social norms. More precisely, the equation proposed in the paper can be used in the contexts the patterns of heterogeneity in a population are affected or caused by social influence. Or in the contexts, the social institutions are susceptible to affect an agent's sense of identity (e.g. voting, fashion industry, marketing). Originality/value – In this paper, for the first time, a mathematical formulation is proposed for the social influence and its main psychological components (conformity and status seeking). Using the above, the author proposed a new parametric fitness function for the evolutionary dynamics. The author believes the paper matters to a multidisciplinary public. It answers a question that challenged and puzzled the economists (as well other social scientists): the reasons behind the emergence and the prevalence of social norms do not positively contribute to the utility or payoff of the agents adopting them (and at times they are costly).
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Safayeva, Dilafruz, Ismailjan Bulanov i Illarion Shin. "Estimating the modelling of polymer materials’ optical density rate". E3S Web of Conferences 389 (2023): 01043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202338901043.
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Mathematical representation of reality is one of the variants of a model as a system, the study of which allows obtaining information about some other system. The mathematical model, in particular, is designed to predict the behavior of a real object. All natural and social sciences that use the mathematical apparatus, in fact, are engaged in mathematical modeling: they replace the object of study with its mathematical model and then study the latter. With the help of mathematical methods, as a rule, an ideal object or process is described, built at the stage of meaningful modeling. The connection of a mathematical model with reality is carried out with the help of a chain of empirical laws, hypotheses, idealizations and simplifications. A mathematical regression model has been developed that takes into account the influence of the speed of printing equipment and pressure on the optical density of the print when printing on non-absorbent surfaces using the gravure printing method.
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Kovalev, Sergei, Tatiana Smirnova, Vladimir Filippov i Antonina Andreeva. "About Modeling Digital Twins of a Social Group". Программные системы и вычислительные методы, nr 4 (kwiecień 2022): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0714.2022.4.39264.
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The object of the study is mathematical modeling methods. The subject of the study is the application of mathematical methods in modeling digital twins of a social group. The aim of the work is to model the digital counterparts of a social group. A digital double is a digital copy of a physical object or process, with the right approach, it helps to improve the main and auxiliary business processes. This concept is part of the fourth industrial revolution and is designed to help detect problems faster, find out what will happen to the original in different conditions and, as a result, produce better products. In this article, some applied aspects are considered, the main provisions of the mathematical theory of digital twins of social groups are presented. To solve the problem of creating a digital double of a social group (students) as one of the tools, the authors proposed to use the technologies of population algorithms. The novelty of the research consists in the application of the swarm part algorithm for modeling digital twins of a social group. The particle swarm method was chosen as a research tool. As the social group under study finds the optimal position in space, so the element of the digital twin of the particle swarm model based on them can search in space, in particular, the extremes of functions. Which, for example, is applicable to finding the minimum of the loss function in machine learning. A graphical simulation in the Java Script language was performed using the three library.js. Data processing was performed using the C# Job System, which provides parallelization of computing processes and is integrated into the Entity Component System. A program was implemented that simulates the activity of a student group as one of the constituent elements of a digital twin of a social group. Swarm algorithms are promising in the field of practical application. On their basis, it is possible not only to solve the problems of digital twins, but also to manage groups of robots, robotic systems and complexes.
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Levin, Martin L., i S. Mitra. "Research Methods: Visualization in the Numeric Solution of Complex Nonlinear Equations in Mathematical Demography". Social Science Computer Review 12, nr 4 (grudzień 1994): 625–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089443939401200411.
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Shalack, V. I. "Algorithmic model of social processes". Philosophical Problems of Information Technologies and Cyberspace, nr 1 (14.07.2021): 46–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17726/philit.2021.1.3.
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The development of the social sciences needs to rely on precise methods. The nomological model of explanation adopted in the natural sciences is ill-suited for the social sciences. An algorithmic model of society can be a promising solution to existing problems. In its most general form, an algorithm is a generally understood prescription for what actions to perform and in what order to achieve the desired result. Any algorithm can be represented as a set of rules of the form «If A, do D to get P». People are the bearers of this kind of rules that apply in different areas of their activities. The rules are subject to change based on personal and collective experience. There is a special mathematical discipline that studies the laws of evolution of such rules. This discipline is called genetic (evolutionary) programming. Contrary to the threatening name, the algorithmic model does not imply the deprivation of a person’s right to free choice, but it needs this right as a necessary condition for the evolution of social algorithms. These algorithms allow us to give a non-causal, but law-like explanation of many well-known social phenomena, as well as to effectively model the future, which is critically important today. A retrospective look at the evolution of social algorithms shows that the current global crisis of human society is associated with the approach to the point of singularity in their evolution. This is due to the fact that there is no need for direct human participation in the implementation of social algorithms, which is reflected in a fundamental change in the sphere of employment and less need for further development of the sciences.
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Гачаев, А. М., i Х. А. Исаев. "Application of methods of mathematical definition of technologization of training". Management of Education, nr 4(50) (15.06.2022): 120–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.25726/m5755-0687-4899-o.
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В условиях изменения векторов развития на интеграционные, глобализационные, информатизационные основной целью системы последипломного образования является удовлетворение индивидуальных потребностей специалиста в личном профессиональном росте, повышение его конкурентоспособности в соответствии с общественными потребностями, а также обеспечение заинтересованности государства в квалифицированных кадрах высокого уровня профессионализма и культуры, способности компетентно и ответственно выполнять профессиональные функции, способствовать успешному социально-экономическому прогрессу общества. Основной задачей непрерывного образования является углубление компетентностей специалистов в соответствии с достижениями современной науки и требованиями рынка труда. Совершенствование профессиональной компетентности педагога заключается в том, что профессиональные знания должны формироваться одновременно на всех уровнях – методологическом, теоретическом, технологическом, практическом, личностном. Это требует профессионального мышления, способности подбирать, анализировать, синтезировать полученные знания в достижении педагогической цели, целостно представлять технологию их применения. In the conditions of changing development vectors to integration, globalization, informatization, the main goal of the postgraduate education system is to meet the individual needs of a specialist in personal professional growth, increase his competitiveness in accordance with public needs, as well as ensuring the state's interest in qualified personnel of a high level of professionalism and culture, the ability to competently and responsibly perform professional functions, contribute to successful social- economic progress of society. The main task of continuing education is to deepen the competencies of specialists in accordance with the achievements of modern science and the requirements of the labor market. The improvement of a teacher's professional competence lies in the fact that professional knowledge should be formed simultaneously at all levels – methodological, theoretical, technological, practical, personal. This requires professional thinking, the ability to select, analyze, synthesize the acquired knowledge in achieving the pedagogical goal, to holistically represent the technology of their application.
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Monk-Turner, Elizabeth. "Epistemology, social inquiry and quantum theory". Qualitative Research Journal 20, nr 2 (25.03.2020): 228–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qrj-10-2019-0085.
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PurposeThis work examines assumptions of positivism and the traditional scientific method.Design/methodology/approachInsights from quantum mechanics are explored especially as they relate to method, measurement and what is knowable. An argument is made that how social scientists, particularly sociologists, understand the nature of “reality out there” and describe the social world may be challenged by quantum ideas. The benefits of utilized mixed methods, considering quantum insights, cannot be overstated.FindingsIt is the proposition of this work that insights from modern physics alter the understanding of the world “out there.” Wheeler suggested that the most profound implication from modern physics is that “there is no out there” (1982; see also Baggott, 1992). Grappling with how modern physics may alter understanding in the social sciences will be difficult; however, that does not mean the task should not be undertaken (see Goswami, 1993). A starting point for the social sciences may be relinquishing an old mechanistic science that depends on the establishment of an objective, empirically based, verifiable reality. Mechanistic science demands “one true reality – a clear-cut reality on which everyone can agree…. Mechanistic science is by definition reductionistic…it has had to try to reduce complexity to oversimplification and process to statis. This creates an illusionary world…that has little or nothing to do with the complexity of the process of the reality of creation as we know, experience, and participate in it” (Goswami, 1993, pp. 64, 66).Research limitations/implicationsMany physicists have popularized quantum ideas for others interested in contemplating the implications of modern physics. Because of the difficulty in conceiving of quantum ideas, the meaning of the quantum in popular culture is far removed from the parent discipline. Thus, the culture has been shaped by the rhetoric and ideas surrounding the basic quantum mathematical formulas. And, over time, as quantum ideas have come to be part of the popular culture, even the link to the popularized literature in physics is lost. Rather, quantum ideas may be viewed as cultural formations that take on a life of their own.Practical implicationsThe work allows a critique of positivist method and provides insight on how to frame qualitative methodology in a new way.Social implicationsThe work utilizes popularized ideas in quantum theory: the preeminent theory that describes all matter. Little work in sociology utilizes this perspective in understanding research methods.Originality/valueQuantum insights have rarely been explored in highlighting limitations in positivism. The current work aims to build on quantum insights and how these may help us better understand the social world around us.
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Permanasari, Adhistya Erna, Marsetyo Wisaksono i Sri Suning Kusumawardani. "A Multi Criteria Decision Making to Support Major Selection of Senior High School". IJITEE (International Journal of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering) 3, nr 4 (8.05.2020): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijitee.54427.
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Senior high school students need to select a specialization, such as Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Social Sciences, or Language and Culture. This selection process can be improved by using Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods. When MCDM methods are implemented, AHP method has accuracy of 61%, whereas AHP-Fuzzy TOPSIS 1 and AHP-Fuzzy TOPSIS 2 have accuracy of 75%. This research implements tests and analyzes new MCDM method, which is Hybrid MCDM Model, in helping aforementioned specialization selection process. There are four basic steps in Hybrid MCDM Model: performing experimental design to obtain attributes' weight and criteria, evaluating MCDM with the three existing methods, performing RSM regression to derive mathematical model, and decision making. This research introduces data normalization to the mathematical model which results in better implementation of Hybrid MCDM Model in the senior high school students' specialization selection process. Hybrid MCDM Model in the senior high school student specialization selection has accuracy of 86%, which includes 11% accuracy improvements compared to other applied MCDM methods.
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Vasilevskaya, Elena, i Viktor Khvalyuk. "CHEMISTRY IN THE NEW GENERATION OF UNIVERSITY EDUCATION STANDARDS IN BELARUS". GAMTAMOKSLINIS UGDYMAS / NATURAL SCIENCE EDUCATION 6, nr 3 (5.12.2009): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.48127/gu-nse/09.6.24b.
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The article presents the structure and content of a new generation of post-secondary education standards in Belarus. New educational standards consist of four units: a social science core, a natural science core, a core of professional disciplines, and a selection of special courses. We discuss the place and role of chemistry in new curriculums for students of natural sciences, engineering and humanities. For chemistry students, the natural science core includes such disciplines as Higher Mathemat-ics, Physics, Ecology, Introduction to Information Technology, Information Technology in Chemistry, and Mathematical Modeling of Chemical Processes and others. In the core of professional disciplines there are classical selection of chemistry courses including Inorganic Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, Chemistry of Polymers and Biopolymers, Chemical Technology, Instru-mental Methods of Chemical Analysis, Physical Methods of Structure Determination, Quantum Chemistry, Crystal chemistry, Structure of Matter, Fundamental Problems of Chemistry, etc. Key words: chemical university education, education standard techniques.
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Greenhalgh, Susan. "The Social Construction of Population Science: An Intellectual, Institutional, and Political History of Twentieth-Century Demography". Comparative Studies in Society and History 38, nr 1 (styczeń 1996): 26–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417500020119.
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Demographers have often lamented their field's reputation as one of “all methods and no theory.” Pushed by advances in computer technology and pulled by the appeal of being the “hardest,” most scientistic of the social sciences, the field has grown ever more sophisticated in mathematical technique. At the same time, theory has languished, becoming increasingly narrow and divorced from the realities of a rapidly changing post-Cold War world (McNicoll 1992). Leading members of the field routinely bemoan this state of affairs, though proposals for remaking the discipline are rarely offered (Preston 1993; Keyfitz 1993).
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Oliveira, Thiago Dumont, i Marwil J. Dávila-Fernández. "From modelmania to datanomics? The rise of mathematical and quantitative methods in three top economics journals". Scientometrics 123, nr 1 (22.02.2020): 51–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11192-020-03375-y.
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Podladchikova, L. N., i D. G. Shaposhnikov. "Communicative Interactions: Analytic Review". Experimental Psychology (Russia) 15, nr 1 (2022): 177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/exppsy.2022150111.
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For many years, communicative interactions between people have been the subject of conceptual and heuristic consideration in the frameworks of the psychological and social sciences. About ten years ago, the study of communicative interactions began using the methods of experimental neurosciences. Until now research in this area has focused on the accumulation of various phenomenа and the development of methodology. Basic directions and perspectives of communicative interactions research by means of experimental neuroscience methods and mathematical modeling have been considered.
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Naumova, Vera Viktorovna. "V International Conference «Information Technologies in Earth Sciences and Applications for Geology, Mining And Economy. Ites&Mp-2019»". Russian Digital Libraries Journal 23, nr 6 (8.07.2020): 1279–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.26907/1562-5419-2020-23-6-1279-1300.
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The materials presented at the Conference describe the results of recent years in the following areas: Open access to scientific data and knowledge in Earth Sciences; Data peculiarities in Earth Sciences: new concepts and methods, tools for their collection, integration and processing in different information systems, including systems with intensive use of data; Data mining and mathematical simulation of natural processes in Earth Sciences. Evolution of classical GIS-applications in Earth Sciences; Application to Critical Raw Materials (CRM); social aspects of mining (e.g., the Social Licence to Operate [SLO]); predictive mapping and applications to exploration, landuse and search for extensions of known deposits; Intelligent data analysis, elicitation of facts and knowledge from scientific publications. Thesauruses, ontologies and conceptual modeling. Semantic WEB, linked data. Services. Content semantic structuring. Applications for geosciences, e.g., Ontology-based Dynamic Decision Graphs for Expert systems and decision-aid tools; Application of methods and technologies of the remote sensing in Earth Sciences: from satellites to unmanned aerial vehicles; Information technologies for demonstration and popularization of scientific achievements in Earth Sciences; Applications: environmental risks including mining wastes, natural hazards, water resource management, etc.