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Латфуллин, Геннадий, Gennadiy Latfullin, Николай Новичков i Nikolay Novichkov. "Culture and Anthropology". Universities for Tourism and Service Association Bulletin 9, nr 2 (15.06.2015): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/11302.
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The article reveals the essence and content of the concept of anthropology in the context of culture as a social system. The article highlights the role and importance of anthropology in the sciences, the basic directions of study of anthropology, the characteristics of the content object and purpose of anthropology as a science, including interdisciplinary and comprehensive anthropological research. The authors pay attention to the fact that the anthropological problem is currently engaged in more than 200 sciences. The paper highlights two main areas of anthropological science which are physical anthropology and cultural anthropology. The subject of the first is associated with the natural characteristics of the person, and the second thing is formed around the social characteristics of the people who, in one way or another are connected with the culture as a basic human activity. The article notes the components of physical and cultural anthropology, highlighting the most interesting problems associated with these areas. Separately considered is the fact that the man, anyway, is always connected with the surrounding culture, and that the man, anyway, a cultural being. The paper presents 12 anthropological characteristics, formed in humans as a result of interaction with the culture. So, the following cultural aspects of human life and activity are stressed: education, socialization, purpose, self-realization, creativity, self-development, procreation, creating own cultural trail and others. The work is based on the author´s research through the study and synthesis of scientific information. The article may be interesting and useful to the scientific activities of anthropologists and cultural scientists as well as economists. The article may be of practical interest for the leaders of organizations in the management of personnel and formation of organizational culture.
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JONES, ROSS L., i WARWICK ANDERSON. "Wandering anatomists and itinerant anthropologists: the antipodean sciences of race in Britain between the wars". British Journal for the History of Science 48, nr 1 (7.11.2013): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087413000939.
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AbstractWhile the British Empire conventionally is recognized as a source of research subjects and objects in anthropology, and a site where anthropological expertise might inform public administration, the settler-colonial affiliations and experiences of many leading physical anthropologists could also directly shape theories of human variation, both physical and cultural. Antipodean anthropologists like Grafton Elliot Smith were pre-adapted to diffusionist models that explained cultural achievement in terms of the migration, contact and mixing of peoples. Trained in comparative methods, these fractious cosmopolitans also favoured a dynamic human biology, often emphasizing the heterogeneity and environmental plasticity of body form and function, and viewing fixed, static racial typologies and hierarchies sceptically. By following leading representatives of empire anatomy and physical anthropology, such as Elliot Smith and Frederic Wood Jones, around the globe, it is possible to recover the colonial entanglements and biases of interwar British anthropology, moving beyond a simple inventory of imperial sources, and crediting human biology and social anthropology not just as colonial sciences but as the sciences of itinerant colonials.
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Galán Castro, Erick Alfonso. "La antropología relacional, una posibilidad epistemológica". Clivajes. Revista de Ciencias Sociales, nr 9 (24.04.2018): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.25009/clivajes-rcs.v0i9.2542.
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El objetivo del artículo es exponer y poner a debate el giro relacional de las ciencias sociales como alternativa teórico-metodológica para entender la realidad actual, donde las barreras físico-geográficas y los grupos sociales no tocados por la civilización moderna son, en lo general, inexistentes. La perspectiva relacional antropológica propone que el objeto de estudios empíricos y reflexiones teóricas se sitúe en torno a relaciones sociales, definidas como referencias simbólicas, organizativas y pragmáticas, desde las cuales los actores sociales pueden generar o actualizar sus vínculos. Palabras clave: Antropología, Realismo Crítico, Enfoque Relacional Relational anthropology, an epistemological possibilitySummaryThe objective of the article is to expose and put into debate the relational turn of the social sciences as a theoretical-methodological alternative to understand the current reality, where physical-geographical barriers and social groups not touched by modern civilization are, in general, nonexistent The anthropological relational perspective proposes that the object of empirical studies and theoretical reflections be placed around social relations, defined as symbolic, organizational and pragmatic references, from which social actors can generate or update their links.Keywords: Anthropology, Critical realism, Relational approach. L’anthropologie relationnelle, une possibilité épistémologiqueRésuméL’objectif de l’article est d’exposer et de mettre en débat le tournant relationnel des sciences sociales comme une alternative théorico-méthodologique pour comprendre la réalité actuelle, puisque les barrières physico-géographiques et les groupes sociaux non touchés par la civilisation moderne y sont, en général, inexistants. La perspective relationnelle anthropologique propose que l’objet des études empiriques et des réflexions théoriques verse sur les relations sociales, définies comme des références symboliques, organisatrices et pragmatiques, depuis lesquelles les acteurs peuvent générer ou actualiser leurs liens.Mots-clés: Anthropologie, Réalisme critique, Optique relationnelle
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De Lima, Alan Freire, i Arlete Freire De Lima. "Anthropology, Anthropocentrism and Anthropocene: From the Anthropocene Towards Anthropous Humanism and Environmentalist Anthropology". Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental 18, nr 1 (1.11.2023): e04368. http://dx.doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v18n1-013.
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Objective: To raise theoretical reflections on the conceptions of the Anthropocene correlated to the moment we call environmentalist anthropology and the incipient theorization and conception of anthropohumanism.
Theoretical framework: Overcoming theories purely from bio-exact sciences towards a multidisciplinary conception with input from areas of human knowledge such as anthropology and culture, sustainable development, ecology, psychoanalysis, among others.
Method: A literature review was carried out in bibliographic databases such as Nature, Web of Science, Scielo and the Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental.
Results and discussions: During this research we arrived at some reflections and theorizations in which eco-anthropology, eco-development beyond the "physical" environment, for this purpose the contributions of theories from the human and critical sciences were addressed and were fundamental to a humanist conception of human and environmental development in an eco-sustainable way.
Implications of the research: The implications are vast, as it is a topic with a more recent theoretical development, it led us to think, rethink and systematize the evolutionary process not only in the timeline, but also the multiple definitions and discussions about the milestones historical moments at which the Anthropocene originated and for its redefinition and/or multiple conceptions.
Originality and value: It generated more comprehensive reflections on man's action on the biosphere, atmosphere, lithosphere and terrestrial geomorphology, as well as providing an innovative way for the more assertive development of terminologies with a new meaning and/or resignification of some terms such as ecoanthropology, environmental anthropology, anthropohumanism, among others.
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Killick, David, i Suzanne M. M. Young. "Archaeology and archaeometry: from casual dating to a meaningful relationship?" Antiquity 71, nr 273 (wrzesień 1997): 518–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x0008529x.
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Most archaeology and anthropology departments are grouped as Humanities or as Social Sciences in university organizations. Where does that place the archaeometrists who approach the materials with the methods of physical and biological sciences? And where does it place the archaeologists themselves — especially when archaeometric studies have a large place in contract archaeology?
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Lieberman, Leonard, Rodney C. Kirk i Michael Corcoran. "The decline of race in American physical anthropology". Anthropological Review 66 (30.06.2003): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1898-6773.66.01.
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This paper is a review of how and why the race concept has changed in the United States during the 20th century. In the 19th century the concept of race provided the unchallenged folk taxonomy and the prevailing scientific paradigm for placing human biological and cultural variation into categories called races. At the height of the eugenic and anti-immigration movement of the early decades of the 20th century, Boas and his students began the critique of racism and aspects of the race concept. In the early 1950s Washburn proposed that the modern synthesis replace race typology with the study of processes and populations. In the 1960s new data on clinal genetic gradations provided tools for studying human variation while challenging the race concept. We present several kinds of documentation of the decline of the race concept over the 20th century, and place the above changes in the context of the essential development of new genetic evidence. We also relate the decline of race to historical developments, the growth of the culture concept, and the biographies of the participants. We reject political correctness and view science as a self-correcting endeavor to relate concepts to the empirical world.
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Kreiner, Josef. "Brief Remarks on Paradigm Shifts in Japanese Anthropology during the 20th Century". GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES ON JAPAN, nr 1 (31.03.2017): 23–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.62231/gp1.160001a01.
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Anthropological thinking has a long history in Japan and had already reached a rather high level during the Edo period. For these “roots”, I refer to the very compact and up to now the best review in a Western language by the founder of folklore studies in modern Japan, Yanagita Kunio (Yanagida (sic!) 1944). In this paper, I will restrict myself, however, to the developments starting from the beginning of the modernization of Japan since the Meiji Restauration of 1868. Under the term “anthropology” I summarize here ethnology (cultural and/or social anthropology) and folklore studies (both referred to in Japanese as minzokugaku, but written with different characters), but will also include parts of neighboring sciences, such as sociology, linguistics, archaeology and prehistory, and physical anthropology, as far as they pertain to the central questions dealt with by the former.
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Ozawa-de Silva, Chikako, i Michelle Parsons. "Toward an anthropology of loneliness". Transcultural Psychiatry 57, nr 5 (październik 2020): 613–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363461520961627.
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Loneliness, which is increasingly recognized as a public health concern, is not just a matter of individual psychology or cognition, but inherently social, cultural, and relational. It is an affective, subjective, and intersubjective reality, distinct from the physical reality of social isolation. This introduction to the thematic issues of Transcultural Psychiatry argues that the social and cultural nature of loneliness is an important area of study that requires interdisciplinary approaches and can particularly benefit from ethnography. Contributors explore concepts and expressions of loneliness in Japan, Kenya, Mexico, North Africa, Palestine, Russia, and the US. Cross-cutting themes include the importance of cultural expectations, practice, place, and recognition in the experience of loneliness. Loneliness is a culturally shaped experience that is problematized and medicalized across cultures, but it may also be fundamental to the human condition.
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Baiburin, Albert, Yuri Berezkin, Olga Boitsova, Andrey Gromov, Kira Kovalenko, Natalia Kovalyova, Anna Moskvitina (Siim) i in. "Forum 60: AI in the Social Sciences and Humanities". Antropologicheskij forum 20, nr 60 (2024): 11–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.31250/1815-8870-2024-20-60-11-68.
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AI allows work with data to extend well beyond simple keyword searches or formulaic calculations. It is applied to help specialists in the history of art and in discourse analysis as well as in linguistics and physical anthropology who analyse big corpora and construct models. Participants in the “Forum”, a written round table, are representatives of the social sciences and humanities. They describe their contact with such applications in their professional life (whether as a field of study or to practical ends), and discuss what the pluses and minuses of AI in the world of academic work and education are. They also touch upon cases where they knew, or suspected, that a student had submitted work that was actually written by a resource such as ChatGPT. Finally, ethical problems arising in connection with AI are considered.
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NANTA, A. "Physical Anthropology and the Reconstruction of Japanese Identity in Postcolonial Japan". Social Science Japan Journal 11, nr 1 (1.01.2008): 29–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ssjj/jyn019.
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Harahap, Asriana, i Mhd Latip Kahpi. "Pendekatan Antropologis dalam Studi Islam". Tazkir : Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu-ilmu Sosial dan Keislaman 7, nr 1 (24.08.2021): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.24952/tazkir.v7i1.3642.
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Anthropology is the science of humans, especially about the origin, various colors of physical form, customs, and beliefs in the past. Epithemologically, anthropology studies various things about humans empirically in their relationship as biological beings and as social beings (in the sense of living in society). The method that is more appropriate with the anthropological approach is the holistic method. This means that seeing a social phenomenon must be examined in the context of the totality of the studied community culture. Meanwhile, the most appropriate data collection techniques are involved observation (observation) and in-depth interviews, that is, directly mingling in the community being studied.
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Mytskan, Bogdan, Tetiana Mytskan, Sergii Iermakov i Tetiana Yermakova. "Physical culture in the context of modern philosophical anthropology". Pedagogy of Physical Culture and Sports 26, nr 3 (30.06.2022): 210–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15561/26649837.2022.0309.
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Background and study aim. Prerequisites and purpose of the study. Today, philosophical anthropology (in the context of physical culture) occupies an intermediate place between the biological sciences and existential philosophy, elements of which it uses to explain the problems of physical existence. In the deep spheres of the physical state of a man (in the continuum of his/her spiritual-moral, physical, subconscious-rational, irrational and anthrobiological subjectivity) one can find the true foundations of personal physical culture and give them an immanent-subjective expression of human strength (as a creator of culture globalized world). The purpose of the study is to characterize the physical culture of the individual in the context of philosophical anthropology.
Material and methods. Sources of information were the authoritative database Web of Science Core Collection, Vernadskyi National Library of Ukraine. Extraction of data from documents was carried out by means of a search query. In total, data on 102 documents containing such keywords as philosophy, anthropology, physical culture, sport were removed from the Web of Science Core Collection. Accordingly, 18 documents were found in the catalogues of the Vernadskyi National Library of Ukraine. Further analysis was performed with these 120 documents. The results of the search query were recorded in the form of tables and a special text file, which was processed in VOSviewer. The requirements of dialectical logic, comparative method, method of phenomenological reduction, hermeneutic methods are chosen by research methods.
Results. The most significant and popular thematic categories, journals, authors, articles, keywords are identified. The connection between the elements of bibliographic description of articles and individual groups of publications has been established. It is established that from the second quarter of the XX century among philosophers there is opposition to the understanding of human nature on the basis of the acceptance of some one of its essence (spiritual, physical, intellectual, emotional and volitional, etc.), which determines the existence of any person. This was a denial of the approach to a man, which was called essential (from the Latin essentia – essence). The result of this transformation was to establish an existential understanding of a man (from the Latin existentia - existence). However, a self-contained existential approach is capable of producing a worldview distortion of personal physical culture, especially in conditions of restriction of freedom (for example, during a pandemic, war). Therefore, in modern philosophical anthropology it is necessary to adhere to a balanced combination of essential and existential understanding of a man in general and his/her physical culture in particular. In this way, philosophical anthropology is able to actualize various structures of worldview, including the values of physical culture.
Conclusions. From the point of view of modern philosophical anthropology, athletes, in the broadest sense of the term (all those who purposefully engage in physical and sports exercises), are carriers of a set of socio-cultural values (moral and volitional qualities, morpho-functional properties, psychophysical abilities, etc.). These values, in the context of the globalization of civilizational development and the main axiological concepts (quality and standard of living, social order, well-being), should be considered as a means of activating planetary socio-cultural development.
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Contreras, Ricardo, Kim Larson, John Pierpont, David Griffith i Juvencio Rocha-Peralta. "Capacity Building in the Latino Community: Lessons from the Promotora Project in Eastern North Carolina". Practicing Anthropology 34, nr 4 (1.09.2012): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.34.4.p417g0337313238q.
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In June 2009, the Association of Mexicans in North Carolina (AMEXCAN), a leading Latino grassroots organization based in Pitt County, North Carolina, received funding from the Pitt Memorial Hospital Foundation to implement the project "Community Health Advisors Promoting Healthy Nutrition and Physical Activity in the Latino Community" (henceforth the Promotora [Promoter] Project). The goals of the project were to train a group of seven women from the Latino community (henceforth promotoras) to promote healthy nutrition and physical activity and to develop a model of community health outreach relying on the trained promotoras' own natural social networks. The project was designed, implemented, and evaluated through a university-community partnership involving AMEXCAN and university faculty from the Departments of Anthropology and Nutritional Sciences, the College of Nursing, and the School of Social Work, all authors of this paper. Students from these academic units were involved through curricular and non-curricular service learning activities. The project derived from a previous collaboration between AMEXCAN and the anthropology faculty, whose goal was to promote diabetes prevention through a series of informative workshops in local churches.
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Featherstone, Mike, i Bryan S. Turner. "Mary Douglas on Purity and Danger: An Interview". Theory, Culture & Society 39, nr 7-8 (grudzień 2022): 133–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02632764221141821.
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This interview with Mary Douglas took place at Lancaster University in the Religious Studies Department. The main focus of the interview was her recently published book, Purity and Danger, which had already become a classic of British anthropology. The questions and answers ranged mainly over the differences between the physical body, representations of the body, the body as a classificatory system, and social constructivism. Douglas’s early academic years and the influences on her work, such as the role of Roman Catholicism in her childhood and youth, were discussed. The interview concluded with speculation about the connections between anthropology and colonialism, and how she responded to those developments.
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Byankina, Larisa, Alla Khotimchenko i Vladimir Byankin. "Fitness of athletes with musculoskeletal disabilities as an element of sustainable behaviour psychology". BIO Web of Conferences 113 (2024): 06017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202411306017.
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At present, both from the point of view of individual sciences and, above all, from the point of view of the emerging interdisciplinary approaches, the problems of the correlation between the physical and the mental in human development are a very relevant area of scientific research. Each science in the interdisciplinary approach has its own traditions, methods and research methodology, the use of which largely depends on the particular scientist and the scientific school he or she has passed through. The problem of sports training of disabled people touches a powerful layer of anthropological problems, ranging from anthropometry to social, cultural and philosophical anthropology, aimed at understanding the nature and essence of man. Within the problem field of cultural anthropology at the intersection with cognitive science, the problems of cognitive anthropology are considered. Modern cognitive science insists on the inclusion of an inner plan, a plan of mental intentions, in order to understand the essence of any kind of human activity. In sport, the inseparability of mental and physiological, mental and physical, feeling and action is an indispensable condition of this kind of human practice. A special role is played by sport for the disabled. The article deals with the methods of assessing the level of physical development of persons with lesions of the locomotor system who are engaged in powerlifting. The positive influence of powerlifting on the physical condition of athletes of this category is proven, which leads to a more stable mental state and greater psychological well-being.
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Banovic, Branko. "(Dis)functional potential of the traditional Montenegrin gender relations model in contemporary identity politics". Sociologija 54, nr 3 (2012): 463–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/soc1203463b.
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Multiculturalism demands essentialisation of ?cultural differences?, thus ?traditional? gender relations can be recognized as ?differentia specifica? of a particular community. Special quality of traditional Montenegrin gender relations is that today we can only know characteristics of a traditional model of gender relations (not characteristics of real gender relations in the past). The practical implication in the contemporary politics of identity can be unrecognizing (or recognizing with silence) culturally generated disparities within gender relations recognized as the ?specific? ones. The justification ?it is their culture/tradition? will necessarily imply the justification for pleasant life of some people, agony of some other or even justification for the jeopardised physical integrity of some people. If anthropologists want to intervene in the social reality, they must manoeuvre within strictly determinated coordinates: about ?traditional? Montenegrin gender relations we can only know based on ?written? notions; in the politics of identity only those ?written? notions can be recognized; traditional notions determine contemporary social relations; they perpetuate culturally generated disparities; in the multucultural politics of identity answer of society could be simple - ?it is their culture/tradition?. For such a manoeuvring, within this kind of limited space of social reality, it is necessary in same way to harmonize post-cultural theoretical heritage of contemporary anthropology with essentialisation of cultural differences (contemporary anthropology have originated against this kind of essentialisation) - which is one of the most important challenges to contemporary anthropology.
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Cicchetti, Domenic V. "The reliability of peer review for manuscript and grant submissions: A cross-disciplinary investigation". Behavioral and Brain Sciences 14, nr 1 (marzec 1991): 119–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00065675.
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AbstractThe reliability of peer review of scientific documents and the evaluative criteria scientists use to judge the work of their peers are critically reexamined with special attention to the consistently low levels of reliability that have been reported. Referees of grant proposals agree much more about what is unworthy of support than about what does have scientific value. In the case of manuscript submissions this seems to depend on whether a discipline (or subfield) is general and diffuse (e.g., cross-disciplinary physics, general fields of medicine, cultural anthropology, social psychology) or specific and focused (e.g., nuclear physics, medical specialty areas, physical anthropology, and behavioral neuroscience). In the former there is also much more agreement on rejection than acceptance, but in the latter both the wide differential in manuscript rejection rates and the high correlation between referee recommendations and editorial decisions suggests that reviewers and editors agree more on acceptance than on rejection. Several suggestions are made for improving the reliability and quality of peer review. Further research is needed, especially in the physical sciences.
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Poulain, Jean-Pierre. "Un précurseur… des food studies : Maxime Rodinson". Anthropology of the Middle East 15, nr 2 (1.12.2020): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ame.2020.150202.
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Abstract: This article explores the contribution of Maxime Rodinson to the thematisation of food in the Social and Human Sciences (SHS), i.e. its recognition as a legitimate object. Rodinson’s contribution consists in having created the conditions for the socialisation of food. The focused interest in cookery books, as a source of empirical data, has made it possible to situate food in culinary styles, that is to say not only in physical space, but also in social space. Entry through practices has provided access to what he calls “mass effects” that affect society at large. Thus, it has been possible to sociologise the issue by adding to the local, geographical, and cultural locations of food and dishes the consideration of social hierarchies and forms of diffusion, mixing linguistics, history, sociology, anthropology, and geography. Beyond Rodinson’s personal trajectory, which from a personal poly-competence promotes a transdisciplinary approach, the thematisation takes place in a historical and epistemological context marked by the opposition between a spiritual Islamology and evolutionary Marxism. This characterises the period preceding the Iranian revolution and the fall of the Berlin Wall.Résumé : Cet article étudie la contribution de Maxime Rodinson à la thématisation de l’alimentation dans les Sciences humaines et sociales (SHS), c’est-à-dire à sa reconnaissance comme objet légitime. Son apport consiste à avoir créé les conditions de la sociologisation des aliments. La mise en évidence de l’intérêt des livres de cuisine comme source de données empiriques a permis de situer les aliments dans des styles culinaires, c’est-à-dire non seulement dans l’espace physique, mais également dans l’espace social. L’entrée par les pratiques a donné accès à ce qu’il appelle des « effets de masse » qui touchent la société de façon large. Ainsi a-t-on pu sociologiser la question en ajoutant à la localisation géographique et culturelle des aliments et des mets la prise en compte des hiérarchies sociales et des formes de diffusions, en mêlant linguistique, histoire, sociologie, anthropologie, géographie… Au-delà de la trajectoire personnelle de Rodinson qui, depuis une poly-compétence personnelle, promeut une approche transdisciplinaire, cette thématisation s’opère dans un contexte historique et épistémologique marqué par l’opposition entre une islamologie spirituelle et le marxisme évolutionniste qui caractérise la période qui précède la révolution iranienne et la chute du mur de Berlin.
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Hyun, Jaehwan. "Racializing Chōsenjin: Science and Biological Speculations in Colonial Korea". East Asian Science, Technology and Society 13, nr 4 (11.10.2019): 489–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/18752160-8005053.
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Abstract Recent literature on the history of medicine in colonial Korea has revealed that Japanese medical scientists studied Korean bodies to expose racial differences between the Japanese and Koreans and justify Japanese colonial rule. Previous scholars, however, have focused mainly on finding a connection between colonial medical research and eugenics. This article attempts to consider things as yet underinvestigated, in particular, the way in which medical research on Koreans emerged and was intertwined with Japanese colonialism in other ways, separate from contemporary eugenics projects. The article examines the emergence and development of what we now considered as “racial sciences”—physical anthropology, serological anthropology, and human genetics—with regard to the biological characteristics of Koreans. In doing so, it argues that biological speculations on Koreans originated as a subdiscipline of Japanese origin studies and resonated with a newly emerging type of colonial racism in colonial Korea—inclusionary racism. The article also presents the colonial scientific enterprise’s conclusion that Koreans were biologically heterogeneous, contradicting colonial Korean intellectuals’ assertion about Korean ethnic homogeneity. The use of Korean ethnic homogeneity as an ideological basis for nation building by two Korean governments meant that postcolonial Korean scientists had to seek a way to reconcile the colonial era’s “scientific conclusion” (biological heterogeneity) with the postcolonial era’s “politically approved” conceptualization (biological homogeneity). Therefore, regardless of whether it was trying to refute, appropriate, or revitalize the colonial legacy, biological research on Koreans in the postcolonial period was carried out under the framework that had been constructed by colonial racial sciences.
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Goszczyński, Wojciech, i Anna Wójtewicz. "Body on the Plate. On the Relation between the Carnality and Food (on the example of meat in advertising)". Qualitative Sociology Review 14, nr 2 (28.08.2018): 130–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1733-8077.14.2.08.
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Do we own our bodies? Do we control them during the meal, or does the meal control us? In this paper, we aim to examine the complex nexus of social and physical practices embedded in eating habits. During the examination of selected culinary advertisements, we will attempt to explain how food stabilizes, catalyzes, separates, and mediates social relations, as well as social and individual bodies. The paper merges the perspective of cultural anthropology, sociology of the body, and food studies.
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Iannuzzi, Lucas Orlando. "Lidio Cipriani (1892–1962), the Photographs in His Popular Science Literature". Nuncius 36, nr 3 (18.11.2021): 611–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18253911-03603016.
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Abstract The case of Lidio Cipriani (1892–1962) is symptomatic of a time when sciences like anthropology and ethnology supported the fascist ideology and gave it scientific approval in a crucial political moment for Benito Mussolini’s regime (1930–1940), which enacted racist laws and institutionalized the establishment of racial segregation in the colonies as well as within the boundaries of the motherland. Over the past thirty years historiography has focused some attention on the issue, but in this contribution I would like to highlight a point that has only been mentioned in passing in studies dedicated to the Florentine anthropologist, namely the questions surrounding the use of his massive photographic corpus. Since the use of imagery to nourish a collective imagination had become crucial for the fascist regime, an analysis of these images and their circulation may allow us to better explore the interrelationship between a totalitarian political power, the social body impregnated with propaganda, and the physical anthropology practiced by Cipriani, who produced a colossal visual corpus that suited the fascist theoretical apparatus.
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Ventura, Jonathan, i Wendy Gunn. "Now You See Me, Now You Don’t". Anthropology in Action 24, nr 3 (1.12.2017): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/aia.2017.240305.
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AbstractThe body as an anthropological nexus of sociocultural norms and conventions has been discussed at length in the humanities and social sciences. However, within the worlds of industrial design, an important player influencing an understanding of the body within a design process has been neglected and that is the industrial designer. Our main thesis considers designing as an anthropological, sociocultural and physical praxis, in the midst of which stand person(s) engaging within their material environments. We argue that, as an interdisciplinary dialogue with anthropologists and designers alike, the industrial designer could pursue a broader perspective than the classic techno-practice perspective, which deliberately detaches the social qualities of human action with the aim of changing user behaviour through the use of medical products. Instead, we propose an understanding of industrial design practice(s) that considers the improvisational and interwovenness of peoples and practices and what this means for attuning industrial design practices accordingly.
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Franco, F. Merlin. "Ecocultural or Biocultural? Towards Appropriate Terminologies in Biocultural Diversity". Biology 11, nr 2 (28.01.2022): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11020207.
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Biocultural diversity has made notable contributions that have furthered our understanding of the human culture-nature interrelationship. However, the usage of the term ‘biocultural’ is not unique to biocultural diversity. It was first used in biocultural studies within anthropology decades ahead of biocultural diversity. The existing literature on biocultural diversity does not acknowledge the prior existence of biocultural studies, or provide a clear demarcation between usages of the two terms. In this article, I discuss the varying contexts in usage of the term ‘biocultural’ between biocultural diversity and biocultural anthropology. While biocultural diversity deals with the linkages between biological, cultural, and linguistic diversity, biocultural studies in anthropology deal with the deterministic influence of physical and social environment on human biology and wellbeing. In biocultural studies, ‘biocultural’ refers to the integration of methodically collated cultural data with biological and environmental data. ‘Bio’ in biocultural anthropology therefore denotes biology, unlike biocultural diversity where it refers to biodiversity. Both biocultural studies and biocultural diversity apply ‘biocultural’ as descriptor to generate overlapping terminologies such as ‘biocultural approach’. Such a confusing scenario is not in the interest of biocultural diversity, as it would impede theoretical advancements. I propose that advocates of biocultural diversity explore its harmonies with ecoculturalism and the possibilities of suitably adapting the term ‘ecoculture’ in lieu of ‘bioculture’. Using ‘ecocultural’ instead of ‘biocultural’ as a descriptor to coin terminologies could solve confusions arising from the expanding usage of the term ‘bioculture’.
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Pitrou, Perig. "Individu, famille, communauté. Niveaux d’organisation et émergence de la vie chez les Mixe de Oaxaca (Mexique)". Social Science Information 55, nr 3 (8.07.2016): 385–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0539018416642055.
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Unlike the concept of origin, which treats the moment of appearance as a unique event, the notion of emergence – even more so when it is plural – suggests the idea of a multiplicity of moments during which appear new configurations, according to a logic combining ‘chance and necessity.’ This is why the natural sciences, which study life as an emergent process, develop explanatory models that go beyond the strictly causal approaches to address the dynamic dimension of the phenomenon. For the social sciences, especially the anthropology of life, this problem becomes even more difficult because the analysis should, in addition, take into account the variations, through space and time, in the conceptions of life and vital processes that humans elaborate. Drawing from an ethnographic investigation conducted among the Mixe of Oaxaca, Mexico, this article explores how these Amerindians think the emergence of new individuals in their community. The joint study of life cycle rituals – such as birth and wedding – and political rituals, involving poultry sacrifices made to an entity called ‘He, Who Makes Being Alive’, attests the constant aim to articulate the emergence of a new human life form with the development of competences in conformity with the form of life in which he/she will be inserted as a new center of activity. One of the challenges for the anthropology of life is to understand how the emergence of life – regarding both its physiological/physical dimension and its relational/behavioral dimension – involves several levels of organization (individual, family, community) that connect the biological existence of a human being with his process of becoming member of his community, especially when he fulfills political functions.
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Zheng, Connie. "Suzhi development: indigenous approaches to enhancing the quality of human resources". Journal of Chinese Human Resource Management 5, nr 2 (7.10.2014): 115–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jchrm-07-2014-0020.
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Purpose – This paper aims to examine the Chinese indigenous concept of suzhi (素质) by analyzing its historical evolution and its contemporary implications for human resource management (HRM) research and practice at the national and organizational levels. Design/methodology/approach – An integrated review of literatures in sinology, political science, anthropology and sociology concerned with suzhi-related research, combined with recent incidents associated with suzhi. Findings – Suzhi is an indigenous concept embedded in the centuries-long historical context of China. Suzhi development has been focused on three key dimensions, moral, physical and mental, as a way of building quality employees and citizens. Yet developing and quantifying the moral aspects of suzhi is more challenging than measuring its physical and mental dimensions. Linking suzhi development to human capital theory enriches the understanding of this indigenous concept at both organizational and national levels. Research limitations/implications – By analyzing a three-dimensional suzhi composite, the article offers an example of how suzhi may be linked to human capital theory and identifies directions for future research. Originality/value – By analyzing suzhi at organizational and national levels for HRM purposes, this article broadens the suzhi literature from its place in the political sciences and social anthropology to encompass a theoretical analysis in HRM and development for the benefit of organizations and the society.
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Dobeson, Alexander. "Between openness and closure: Helmuth Plessner and the boundaries of social life". Journal of Classical Sociology 18, nr 1 (22.06.2017): 36–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468795x17704786.
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This article introduces the basic notions of the widely neglected Philosophical Anthropology of Helmuth Plessner. Instead of defining man as a privileged holder of consciousness, Plessner claims that all living organisms can be defined by their specific relation to their physical boundaries. In contrast to other living organisms such as plants and animals, however, the ‘eccentric’ nature of man allows for a comparatively high degree of freedom from the physical environment, which enables him to transcend, objectify, and deconstruct the boundaries of the same. The article concludes by outlining Plessner’s original contribution to contemporary debates in social theory, in particular constructivism and post-humanist studies.
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Lawrence, Shawn A. "Behavioral Interventions to Increase Physical Activity". Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment 6, nr 1 (2.07.2002): 25–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j137v06n01_03.
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McGowan, Glenys, Gerhard Hoffstaedter i Jennifer Creese. "Object Based Learning in the Social Sciences: Three Approaches to Haptic Knowledge Making." Teaching Anthropology 11, nr 2 (8.07.2022): 97–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.22582/ta.v11i2.657.
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Object-based learning, where students learn by hands-on interactive experiences with skills and objects, provides an active, multi-layered learning experience. Engaging haptic perceptual styles to build meaning and understanding through tactile stimuli, object-based learning can increase student engagement and satisfaction, and improve knowledge retention and higher-level critical thinking. This paper examines three case studies where haptic pedagogical principles were employed to develop learning experiences for key themes, practices and challenges of anthropology. The first, an archaeological laboratory interaction, gave students physical artefacts to touch, manipulate and critically consider, embedded within real-life archaeological case studies. The second, an interactive session using hand-written letters from asylum seekers drawn from an archival collection, connected students with otherwise-inaccessible asylum-seeker voices and multi-sensory modes of critical archival research. The third, a museum curation task, gave students the opportunity to curate and reflect critically on their own museum exhibition of household objects, both meaningful and mundane. All three case studies demonstrate the benefits of utilising the haptic perceptual style in learning design, with engaged and critically reflective understanding being developed. However, there are limitations and considerations inherent in such learning activities, including the ethics of handling objects and the constraints of digital formats for online learning.
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Williams, Janet K., i Toni Tripp-Reimer. "From Ecologyto Base Pairs: Nursing and Genetic Science". Biological Research For Nursing 3, nr 1 (lipiec 2001): 4–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109980040100300102.
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With the mapping of the human genome has come the opportunity for nursing research to explore topics of concern to the maintenance, restoration, and attainment of genetic-related health. Initially, nursing research on genetic topics originated primarily from physical anthropology and froma clinical, diseasefocused perspective. Nursing research subsequently focused on psychosocial aspects of genetic conditions for individuals and their family members. As findings emerge from current human genome discovery, new programs of genetic nursing research are originating froma biobehavioral interface, ranging fromthe investigations of the influence of specific molecular changes on gene function to social/ethical issues of human health and disease. These initiatives reflect nursing’s response to discoveries of gene mutations related to phenotypic expression in both clinical and community-based populations. Genetic research programs are needed that integrate or adapt theoretical and methodological advances in epidemiology, family systems, anthropology, and ethics with those from nursing. Research programs must address not only populations with a specific disease but also communitybased genetic health care issues. As genetic health care practice evolves, so will opportunities for research by nurses who can apply genetic concepts and interventions to improve the health of the public. This article presents an analysis of the evolution of genetic nursing research and challenges for the future.
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Del Grazia, Camilla. "Interpreting Issues of Heredity and Inheritance in Holmesian Children through Criminal Anthropology and Degeneration Theory". Victorian Popular Fictions Journal 5, nr 1 (3.07.2023): 91–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.46911/pgju8675.
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This article focuses on the ways in which childhood in the Holmesian canon tends to epitomise pervasive Victorian anxieties connected with inheritance and heredity in their double economic and genetic significance. On the one hand, because children represent an earlier state of biological and social development, their growth and education are seen as potential paths to progress. On the other, they become the physical embodiment of previous stages of evolution that so plagued the Victorian imagination, and can exhibit signs of regression and degeneration. Simultaneously, children also carry socio-economic value, as the heirs to their parents’ property. Their helplessness in defending themselves and, as a result, this economic patrimony, adds to their liminal position: children in the canon become the expression of hope for the future and the progress of society, and at the same time, of the fear of impoverishment and regression. Finally, the article shows that the action of the detective, whose scientific approach incorporates criminal anthropology alongside hard sciences, ultimately strives to decode the unpredictable, uncontrollable offspring of Victorian society. His normalising action targets inheritance in its ambivalence, striving to restore order in the economic-juridical domain and investigating the transmittance of hereditary traits.
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Kagotho, Njeri. "A Longitudinal Analysis of Physical Activity among Foreign-born Individuals". Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment 21, nr 5 (20.07.2011): 540–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10911359.2011.580243.
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Cosgrove, Denis. "Inhabiting modern landscape". Archaeological Dialogues 4, nr 1 (maj 1997): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1380203800000854.
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Archaeology, anthropology, human geography: three disciplines born out of a nineteenth-century imperative among Europeans to apply a coherent model of understanding (Wissen-schaft) to varied forms of social life within a differentiated physical world; three disciplines stretched between the epistemology and methods of the natural sciences (Naturwissenschaften) which promised certainty, and the hermeneutic reflexivity and critical doubt of the Humanities (Geisteswissenschaften) which promised self-knowledge. Each of these disciplines is today in crisis, and for the same reason. Europe as the place of authoritative knowledge, of civilization, has been decentred upon a post-colonial globe; the white, bourgeois European male has been dethroned as the sovereign subject of a universal and progressive history. Thus, the enlightened intellectual project represented by archaeology, anthropology and human geography, whose findings were unconsciously designed to secure the essentially ideological claims of liberal Europeans, are obliged to renegotiate their most fundamental assumptions and concepts (Gregory, 1993). The linguistic turn in the social sciences and humanities which has so ruthlessly exposed the context-bound nature of their scientific claims — what Ton Lemaire refers to as a critical awareness of their inescapable cultural and historical mediation — forces a recognition that their central conceptual terms, such as ‘culture’, ‘nature’, ‘society’, and ‘landscape’, are far from being neutral scientific objects, open to disinterested examination through the objective and authoritative eye of scholarship. They are intellectual constructions which need to be understood in their emergence and evolution across quite specific histories. Ton Lemaire seeks to sketch something of the history of landscape as such a socially and historically mediated idea: as a mode of representing relations between land and human life, which has played a decisive role in the development of archaeology as a formal discipline. On the foundation of this history he develops a critique of the social and environmental characteristics and consequences of modernity, and seeks to relocate archaeological study within a reformed project of sensitive contemporary ‘dwelling’ on earth.
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Kujawa, Betina, i Jan Strzałko. "Standard of physical attractiveness". Anthropological Review 61 (30.12.1998): 31–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1898-6773.61.02.
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The research was conducted in order to corroborate the validity of the hypotheses that (1) there are certain common criteria of physical attractiveness of the face, and hence divergence of assessments between persons judging attractiveness is reduced, regardless of their sex or age; (2) assessment of the physical attractiveness of human faces is a property of the cognitive system; its criteria emerge early in the course of the individual development and do not change with age; (3); the most attractive faces will be characterised with trait variants close to the mean values for a given population. Computer averaged faces will be perceived as more attractive than actually existing faces, since they bear the greatest resemblance to the mental prototype of a face.
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Yitambe, Andre. "The Physician-Patient Relationship: A Review of Two Theoretical Approaches and Health Regulation Implications". IRA-International Journal of Management & Social Sciences (ISSN 2455-2267) 5, nr 2 (29.11.2016): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jmss.v5.n2.p6.
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<div><p><em>Recent development in the organization of healthcare has impacted on physician and patient relationship. The physician-patient relationship is becoming more and more a universalistic concern. Since Hippocrates, the physician-patient relationship remains the corner stone of medical practice. A number of disciplines have questioned the interaction between physician and patient (from pure sciences and clinical sciences to social sciences). This paper uses a de-centered comparative method to examine how different theoretical approaches shape the understanding of doctor-patient interaction and health regulation implications. In particular, the article looks at two theoretical models: health economics and medical socio-anthropology. The findings show that the difference between the two approaches is based upon the background of each discipline. Nevertheless, there are some similarities. The paper concludes that no theoretical approach is totally privileged to understand the interaction.</em></p></div>
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Pengpid, Supa, i Karl Peltzer. "Physical activity correlates in binge drinking university students from 24 countries". Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment 30, nr 7 (22.05.2020): 809–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10911359.2020.1736230.
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Weston, R. Eric, Howard Zeng i Juan Battle. "Physical activity and GPA: Results from a national sample of Black students". Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment 30, nr 4 (9.01.2020): 383–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10911359.2019.1687387.
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Bonk, Devin, Chloé Leprince, Katherine A. Tamminen i Julie Doron. "Collective rituals in team sports: Implications for team resilience and communal coping". Movement & Sport Sciences - Science & Motricité, nr 105 (2019): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/sm/2019007.
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Many sports teams engage in collective rituals (e.g., the New Zealand All Blacks’ haka). While the concept has been studied extensively in other fields (e.g., social psychology and cultural anthropology), literature on collective rituals specific to sport is limited. Leveraging theoretical positions and empirical findings from across the human and social sciences, the application of an existing definition of collective ritual in team sports is explored. Complementary research is suggestive of a potential link between collective rituals and two growing topics of interest in group dynamics, namely, team resilience and communal coping. Collective rituals can bolster team resilience by strengthening the group structure and increasing a team’s social capital. They can also serve as communal coping strategies, helping to manage team stressors as they arise. However, at the extremes, collective rituals can become problematic. Over-reliance and abusive rites of passage (i.e., hazing) are considered. Potential applied implications and future research directions in sport psychology are then discussed.
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Łuszczyński, Artur. "Comparative Mythology Perspective in Legal History Science". Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio G (Ius) 71, nr 1 (10.05.2024): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/g.2024.71.1.17-26.
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The notion of myth is used in legal science very rarely. When it appears, it usually happens in simplified, popular science publications. Basic, “classical” traces of such kind constitute rather linguistic ornaments than scientific explanations. However, in legal science we relatively often deal with statements or phenomena that do not have simple physical or material equivalents. This opens up a mythological perspective, an introduction to the world of duty, obligation, promise. The paper aims at presenting and defining myth in a way that allows one to use it in legal history without diverting its traditional meaning established in religious studies and social anthropology. The author believes that the myth is an inseparable part of the definition of law, certain views of natural law and notions of justice and human rights.
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Herza, Filip. "Anthropologists and Their Monsters". East Central Europe 43, nr 1-2 (16.09.2016): 64–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763308-04302007.
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This article traces the emergence of the discipline of physical anthropology in the Czech lands and its first public presentation at the Czechoslavic Ethnographic Exhibition held in 1895 in Prague. The search for the physical characteristics of Czechs involved a large-scale anthropometric survey in Czech schools and among the adult population from 1893 to 1895, which was subsequently presented at this exhibition. This article focuses on the production of expert knowledge within the context of contemporary nationalist discourses. Comparison with anthropological traditions in other parts of the Habsburg Empire (Vienna and Budapest) show how the Czech tradition differed in strongly insisting on the existence of a “Czech type” resulting from anthropology’s entanglement with Czech nationalist discourses, which in the 1880s and 1890s partly subscribed to a social-Darwinist vision of the Czech collective body. Taking the notion of disability as an analytical category into the analysis, the article confirms how the search for the “Czech type” depended on the notion of bodily ab/normality and how people with disabilities served as the “internal Others” against which the “normal” Czech self could emerge. This is most vividly demonstrated by the wax figure of Josef Drásal, a professional freak show “Giant,” who was exhibited at the 1895 anthropological display in reference to the normative size of the human body, the strength and ability of the national collective, and the rather problematic relationship of Czech nationalism to “peasants.”
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Scott, Ralph. "Untracking and cold fusion: contrasting research demands in the social and physical sciences, and the "dumbing down" of American schools". Mankind Quarterly 34, nr 1 (1993): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.46469/mq.1993.34.1.4.
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Kaszycka, Katarzyna A., i Jan Strzałko. "Race: Tradition and convenience, or taxonomic reality? More on the race concept in Polish anthropology". Anthropological Review 66 (30.06.2003): 23–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1898-6773.66.02.
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Against the background of the race debate and the principal elements of the current understanding of human intraspecific variation, we present the status of the race concept in Polish anthropology. Using questionnaires, we twice surveyed physical anthropologists about their agreement with the statement “There are biological races within the species Homo sapiens.” In the 1999 study, 62% of respondents disagreed with race (defined as subspecies) and 31% accepted it. In the 2001 study, this proportion was reversed: only 25% rejected race (by any definition) with the remaining respondents (75%) differing widely as to its accepted meaning. Each time, age was significant factor in differentiating the replies – in general, acceptance of race increased with age while rejection declined. It appears that Polish anthropologists regard race as a term without taxonomic value and often in a populational sense. Here we point out, however, the risks associated with the “metaphorical” use of the term “race”, as it relativizes the essential error of perceiving the existence of subspecific taxa within our species.
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Umławska, Wioleta. "Physical growth of preterm girls with visual impairment". Anthropological Review 70, nr 1 (1.12.2007): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10044-008-0003-7.
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Physical growth of preterm girls with visual impairmentThe aim of this study was to estimate pubertal age and to assess the level of physical development of preterm girls with defective vision. The study material - anthropometric data (body height and weight, BMI) and information on the age of menarche were collected from 155 subjects with defective vision (partially sighted and blind). Median age at menarche was estimated by probit analysis. The girls, ranging in age from 7-18 years, attended Centers for Blind and Partially Sighted Children in Wroclaw and Cracow (Poland). 22% of the subjects were prematurely born, were born with low birth mass and their sight defect diagnosed as retinopathy due to prematurity (ROP). The girls with ophthalmic impairments were shorter and lighter than their age peers from the reference data. Blind girls reached pubertal age 2 months earlier than the partially sighted (Me=13.31 and Me=13.44) and, the preterm subjects entered puberty 6 months earlier than the full-term girls, irrespective of degree of defect (Me=12.93 and Me=13.42, respectively). The results suggest that earlier puberty is associated with visual impairment. The results show also that irrespective of the degree of defect, preterm girls reach menarche significantly earlier than those who were full-term. It seems possible that mechanisms responsible for earlier puberty in the preterm subjects and with low body mass play an important a role in sexual maturation in girls with sight dysfunction. There appears to be a need to pursue further studies in this sphere.
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Cereseto, Shirley, i Howard Waitzkin. "Capitalism, socialism and the physical quality of life". Medical Anthropology 11, nr 2 (czerwiec 1989): 151–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01459740.1989.9965989.
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Arzyutov, Dmitry V. "Environmental encounters: Woolly mammoth, indigenous communities and metropolitan scientists in the Soviet Arctic". Polar Record 55, nr 3 (maj 2019): 142–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247419000299.
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AbstractThis article investigates how in the Soviet Arctic researchers and indigenous communities searched and understood the mammoth before and during the Cold War. Based on a vast number of published and unpublished sources as well as interviews with scholars and reindeer herders, this article demonstrates that the mammoth, as a paleontological find fusing together features of extinct and extant species, plays an in-between role among various environmental epistemologies. The author refers to moments of interactions among these different actors as “environmental encounters”, which comprise and engage with the physical, political, social and cultural environments of the Arctic. These encounters shape the temporal stabilisations of knowledge which enable the mammoth to live its post-extinct life. This article combines approaches from environmental history and anthropology, history of science and indigenous studies showing the social vitality of a “fossil object”.
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Tapia-Hernández, Edgar, Elizabeth A. Reddy i Laura Josabeth Oros-Aviles. "Earthquake predictions and scientific forecast: dangers and opportunities for a technical and anthropological perspective". Earth Sciences Research Journal 23, nr 4 (1.10.2019): 309–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v23n4.77206.
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Supporting earthquake risk management with clear seismic communication may necessitate encounters with various popular misapprehensions regarding earthquake prediction. Drawing on technical data as well as insights from anthropology and economics, this paper addresses common and scientifically-unsupported ideas about earthquake prediction, as well as the state of science-based studies regarding statistical forecasting and physical precursors. The authors reflect on documented social and economic effects of unsubstantiated earthquake predictions, and argue that these may be dangerous but may also present certain opportunities for outreach and education in formal and informal settings. This paper is written in light of the importance that the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction has placed on coordination and communication within and among diverse organizations and agencies as well as by recent popularity of so-called earthquake prediction in Mexico.
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Nascimento, Rodrigo Ribeiro, Cátia Pereira Duarte i Vitor Tadeu Paiva Silva. "Pedagogical work with dance in emergency remote education: methodological contributions to decolonial research". Forensic Research & Criminology International Journal 11, nr 1 (25.04.2023): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/frcij.2023.11.00364.
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In pandemic times, teachers without training for distance learning find themselves insecure for the rapid changes that emergency remote teaching requires to guarantee health care. This text seeks to analyze the traditional dance online classes to signal the wishes of the subjects in the CAP that can contribute to the various teaching networks of Juiz de Fora; and, publicize the demands for training in teaching, research and extension of the CAP that were based on decoloniality and that could serve as a suggestion for initial and continued training. To this end, an ethnographic study was carried out from mid-2020 to the end of 2021, with ninety CAP graduates, two interns and four Physical Education teachers, using a field diary according to Social Anthropology procedures. As a result.
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Shpak, Larisa Yu. "Anthropology and art (about some results and plans of the anthropological study of ancient and modern populations based on fine art)". Moscow University Anthropology Bulletin (Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta. Seria XXIII. Antropologia), nr 3 (15.09.2022): 86–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.32521/2074-8132.2022.3.086-099.
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Introduction. The article is devoted to a retrospective review of the results of the anthropological study of fine art sources, achieved by the race research laboratory directed I.V. Perevozchikov that are currently ongoing. Materials and methods. Descriptions of materials and methods are detailed in the main articles of the team cited in the bibliography. Results and discussion. The anthropological study of fine art is a new interdisciplinary direction in anthropology; it is carried out in two directions: 1) the western european portraiture and russian portraiture, 2) the ancient sculpture and painting. The idea of using ancient human images in anthropology is not new, but the population approach to the analysis of series of images belongs to I.V. Perevozchikov. About one and a half thousand portraitures were described as samples from populations, anthropological characteristics and estimates of homogeneity of populations based on composite portraits were studied. Anthropological description of the ancient population of the Mediterranean was obtained from samples: fayum portrait, roman sculptural portrait, etruscan portrait. In the evolution of the portrait, certain stages of the reflection of the physical individuality are determined; human images can be viewed from the anthropoesthetic standpoint as markers of a person's biological and social needs for self-identification. Conclusion. Combination of the descriptive method and the composite portrait for studying ancient and modern portraits makes it possible to obtain objective data on the anthropological types of the depicted population. Obtaining anthropological information about ancient populations contained in a variety of art resources of the cultural heritage requires an interdisciplinary synthesis of scientific ideas and knowledge of specialists in the natural sciences and the humanities.
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Corroto, Carla. "A Postmodern Headache". Qualitative Inquiry 17, nr 9 (17.10.2011): 854–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077800411423202.
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This autoethnographic narrative describes the equivocal process of identifying the source of physical discomfort, navigating interaction with health care institutions, and contemplating treatment. The author’s is a postmodern condition with multiple “truths” in a liminal position.
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Bouaamri, Asmaa, i Ágnes Barátné Hajdu. "A theoretical perspective of public library physical spaces in a digital environment". Library Hi Tech News 39, nr 2 (25.01.2022): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lhtn-12-2021-0093.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore the virtual space of the library and how it is part of the library building and many spaces offered. It inspects as well the work of the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions’ section related to library buildings and equipment libraries can play if they are able to provide remote users education, which can help in fighting illiteracy and promote digital literacy. Design/methodology/approach The study adopted a structuralist approach from linguistics, sociology and anthropology to decorticate the concept of space. It favoured the literature review method, which was the most adequate approach for multidisciplinary results. Findings The study results indicate that the library virtual space became equally important as its physical spaces for our modern world and development. The significance of the virtual spaces is similar nowadays to the physical spaces of libraries as they allow for social integration and self-recognition. Originality/value The value of this study is uniquely exhaustive, as it highlights the value and significance of the library virtual space in the contemporary world, in comparison with the library physical spaces.
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Janko, Jan. "Na pomezí života a společnosti". Lidé města 2, nr 2/4 (1.09.2000): 12–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/12128112.4061.
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In this century science has been accompanied by pseudo-scientific ideas, hypotheses, theories and applications. If the term "pseudoscience" was used, it was largely an emotional label: in fact, these signs were to a large extent based on older scientific ideas, belonging to the "treasury" of the world science and entirely in keeping with the contemporary notions in relevant scientific disciplines and in the community of their bearers. This study focuses on the views, theories and practical approaches which were developed at the boundary of sciences about life and social sciences and which influenced their further development in the intellectual history of the Czech Lands. lt is a complex set of doctrines and disciplines which were alternately described as eugenics, eubiotics, racial hygiene, social health and in many respects they were closely connected with the developing physical, cultural and social anthropology. They can be placed into a number of scientific disciplines about life or medicine, but they are also closely connected with technocratic tendencies which appeared in this country with a varying degree of successfulness and possibly also with social engineering. The time framework of the study is limited to the beginning of the 20th century and it ends in its middle; however, in some cases it crosses both bounds. In terms of space, the focus is reduced to the Czech Lands. However, it is necessary to highlight some vital contexts relating to the development abroad which, as one can expect, played an inspiring role in many respects. Relationships to the development of similar disciplines in neighbouring Germany were of special importance. One cannot erroneously believe that the development of scientific cognition and general education in the Czech Lands was able to avoid some contemporary illusions. Biologism - in the form it was described in a brief reflection of eugenics, eubiotics, social hygiene or biosociology - was among the disciplines which continued to develop in parallel with a more radical development and orientation in Germany, Great Britain and the USA. These disciplines often supplied required pseudo-arguments for racist attitudes in society, reacting to the relevant social order. Nevertheless, the hateful anti-Slov focus of the German racial hygiene constituted the main barrier, due to which the Czech eugenics did not set out on the same path as the German racial hygiene. A special place was assumed by anthropology, especially by its socially orientated part. Although we have highlighted here some phenomena, it will be still better to devote a case study to its development. This is why the author excuses himself for just a brief outline of the problem.