Rozprawy doktorskie: „SOCIAL SCIENCE / Discrimination”

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Valladares, Siomara Evelin. "Challenges in the tenure process the experiences of faculty of color who conduct social science, race-based academic work /". Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1320974511&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Ritter, Monique. "A review of causes for the relative unequal participation of women in science, engineering and technology and initiatives". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71861.

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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Current literature reveals that men and women do not participate in the science, engineering and technology (SET) sector on equal grounds – not qualitatively (access) or qualitatively (ease of participation). It is important that women have access to and actively participate in science; they make up more than half of the world’s population and gender equality enhances a country’s economic growth and competitiveness. Furthermore, the focus should extend further than advocating for equal access to SET to actively promoting increased participation by women. Women bring a distinctive quality to SET precisely because of their gender. They are able to increase overall SET participation numbers and positively contribute to the quality and agenda of science. This study used the pipeline theory and lifecycle approach as theoretical bases to investigate the causes for unequal participation and reviewed initiatives aimed at increasing and facilitating the participation of women in SET. Identified causes include unequal access, male-dominated nature of science, tensions of reconciling professional and private life, differences in recognition and reward, and lack of female representation in leadership. The primary methodology used was a documentary analysis study design, consisting primarily of desktop literature searches and categorization. An initiative summary framework was used to summarise and code 123 identified initiatives into an initiatives summary database. Findings were both positive and negative. The study found that women in many cases are on equal footage with their male counterparts and can manage a healthy work-life balance if provided with the necessary support but many women still describe a male-dominated work environment that is exclusionary. Findings indicate that, although decreasing, there is still gender bias in recognition and reward and that female scientists underutilise financial rewards. Women in SET do not receive equal pay for equal work and there is a distinct lack of female representation in SET leadership bodies such as academies of sciences, scientific boards and publication boards of academic journals. The most common modes of intervention are policy interventions, gender mainstreaming, advocacy and interest groups, and provision of training and support. The majority of initiatives are aimed at bringing about change at a national/policy level and are driven primarily by government and academia with academia playing an important middleman role - assisting and guiding government in the design and roll-out of policies on the one hand and meeting the human resource needs of industry on the other. Although government and academia have done well in driving initiatives that increase the participation of women in SET at both school and tertiary level, more needs to be done by industry to drive the facilitation of participation. There are very few initiatives addressing the retention of women in SET; this is linked to the lack of attention to returners as a specific target group. The study concludes that the majority of countries are succeeding in closing the participation gap in terms of access or horizontal gender equality, but that vertical segregation (focusing on recognition, reward and advancement), although acknowledged, remains a mostly unaddressed challenge.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Huidige literatuur dui daarop dat vroue en mans nie gelyke deelname geniet in die Wetenskap, Ingenieurswese en Tegnologie nie – nie kwantitatief (toegang) of kwalitatief (gemak van deelname) nie. Die belangrikheid van deelname word gesket teen die kennis dat vroue die helfte van die wêreld se bevolking verteenwoordig en dat lande wat geslagsgelykheid nastreef oor die algemeen hoër ekonomiese groei en mededingenheid toon. Die fokus in die debat gaan dus nie meer net oor die reg tot toegang nie maar ook oor aktiewe en gemaklike deelname wat vroue toelaat om juis hul unieke eienskappe na die wetenskap te bring. Die studie het die pyplynteorie en ‘n lewenssiklusbenadering as die teoretiese grondslag gebruik om die deelname van vroue in die terrein te bestudeer. Die navorsing het gepoog om die hoofoorsake vir die relatiewe ongelyke deelname van vroue in die Wetenskap, Ingenieurswese en Tegnologie te bepaal. Die hoofoorsake is geidentifiseer as ongelyke toegang, die manlik-gedomineerde aard van wetenskap, die spanning om professionele en persoonlike lewe te versoen, verskille in erkenning en beloning; en die gebrek aan vroulike verteenwoordiging in leierskap. Verder wou die studie bepaal watter inisiatiewe in gebruik is vir die uitbreiding en vergemakliking van vroue se deelname in die veld. Die hoof metodologie was ‘n dokumentêre analise studie ontwerp. ‘n Inisiatief opsommingsraamwerk is gebruik om die 123 geïdentifiseerde inisiatiewe op te som en te kodeer en is saamgevat in 'n inisiatiewe opsommingdatabasis. Bevindinge was beide positief en negatief. Die studie het bevind dat vroue in baie gevalle gelyke toegang geniet en 'n gesonde balans tussen hul persoonlike en professionele lewe kan bestuur indien die nodige ondersteuning gebied word. Baie vroue beskryf egter nog steeds 'n manlik-gedomineerde werksomgewing. Hoewel die neiging dalend is, is daar nog steeds geslagsvooroordele in erkenning en beloning en vroulike wetenskaplikes maak nie genoegsaam gebruik van finansiële belonings wat wel tot hul beskikking is nie. Vroue ontvang ook nie gelyke betaling vir gelyke werk nie. Daar is 'n duidelike gebrek aan vroulike verteenwoordiging in leierskap soos aangedui in die samestelling van akademies van die wetenskap en die bestuursrade van wetenskaplike rade en publikasie rade van wetenskaplike vaktydskrifte. Die mees algemene vorme van intervensies is beleidsintervensies, geslagshoofstroming, voorspraak en belangegroepe, en die verskaffing van opleiding en ondersteuning. Die meerherheid van inisiatiewe is daarop gemik om verandering teweeg te bring op nationale en beleidsvlak en word hoofsaaklik gedryf deur die staat en die akademie. Die akademie speel dan ook ‘n belangrike middelman rol deurdat hul aan die een kant die regering bystaan in die implementering van beleid en aan die anderkant ook die menslike hulpbron behoeftes van industrie moet voed. Daar is ‘n leemte by die meerderheid van inisiatiewe in die aanspreek van die behoeftes van vroue wat wil terugkeer na die veld na ‘n periode van afwesigheid en aan die retensie van vroulike wetenskaplikes. Die studie kom dus tot die gevolgtrekking dat die meerderheid van lande en inisiatiewe daarin slaag om meer gelyke deelname in terme van toegang of horisontale geslaggelykheid te bewerk, maar dat vertikale segregasie (met ‘n fokus op erkenning, belong en bevordering), nog heelwat aandag moet geniet.

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Westman, Johanna, i Clara Wasell. "Diskriminerande diskurser i lokala medier : En kvalitativ studie om hur människor som omfattas av diskrimineringsgrunderna etnisk tillhörighet och funktionsnedsättning framställs i Östergötlands lokalmedia". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för ekonomisk och industriell utveckling, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-160221.

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Statistics show that “ethnic affiliation” and “disability”, under the discrimination law, with a margin constitute most of the discrimination reports made in 2015, 2016 and 2017. The purpose of this thesis is to describe how Östergötland's local media construct and maintain the image of people who are protected by law of discrimination. Our goal is to explain of how the media can have the power to influence society's general perception of these two groups. Through the social constructionism theory and the critical discourse analysis, we explain how general perceptions of these groups can lead to negative attitudes and discrimination. Through a critical discourse analysis and a qualitative text analysis of articles from Östgöta Correspondenten and Norrköpings Tidningar regarding these groups showed that people with disabilities were often presented as a "burden" of some kind and rarely described as "just” individuals but instead defined or biasedly nuanced based on their disability. People with foreign background were generalized and forced to represent a larger group. The topic of the articles were often negative, and it was common with dehumanization and objectification. The media, which is easily accessible as newspaper articles can generate in common "truths" that might collectively lead to social action. Our study result shows that media reflects a society, in which people with disability and foreign background are marginalized and placed outside the norm. That kind of categorization may likely lead to negative attitudes and exclusion for the affected groups.

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Martin, Nicole. "Discrimination and ethnic group identity as explanations of British ethnic minority political behaviour". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:22c28eef-4f30-4174-89f9-392b4ab7bc1d.

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This thesis looks at the role of discrimination and ethnic group identity as explanations of political behaviour of ethnic minorities in Britain. Chapter 2 examines vote choice and partisanship, arguing that a group utility heuristic explains the high level of support for the Labour party among ethnic minorities. I provide individual-level evidence of this heuristic by showing that ethnic minority voters support the Labour party to the extent that they are (i) conscious of the experiences of their ethnic group members with regards to discrimination, and (ii) believe that the Labour party is the best political party to represent their interests. These two attitudes mediate the effects of group-level inequalities. Chapter 3 asks whether Muslims are alienated from mainstream politics by Islamophobia and British military intervention in Muslim countries. I find that perceptions of Islamophobia are linked with greater political alienation, to a greater likelihood of non-electoral participation, but also to a lesser likelihood of voting. Likewise, disapproval of the war in Afghanistan is associated with greater political alienation and a greater likelihood of some types of non-electoral participation. I also provide strong evidence that Muslims in Britain experience more religious discrimination than adherents of other minority religions. Chapter 4 considers the interaction between the extreme right and ethnic minority political attitudes and behaviour. I find evidence that the extreme right British National Party (BNP) increases voting for the Labour party, at the expense of minor parties and abstention. Surprisingly, the BNP effect also benefits the other main parties. Although they do not benefit in increased vote share, Liberal Democrat and Conservative party and leader evaluations are more positive where the BNP stood and performed better in 2010, which I suggest is due to the electoral contrast provided by the BNP. Chapter 5 looks at the mobilisation effect of ethnic minority candidates on ethnic minority voters. I find a positive mobilisation effect of Pakistani and Muslim Labour candidates on Pakistani and Muslim voters, conditional on someone trying to convince the respondent how to vote. I also find a demobilisation effect of Labour Muslim candidates on Sikh voters.

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Jabbari, Fatma. "The Discursive Production of Citizenship, Social Identity, and Religious Discrimination:The Case of Tunisia". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1524332005234282.

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Moulin, Stéphane. "Réexamen des inégalités entre hommes et femmes sur le marché du travail : des philosophies politiques aux évaluations empiriques". Phd thesis, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00095542.

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L'objet de cette thèse est de construire une analyse critique de l'approche économique « conventionnelle » des inégalités entre les sexes. L'existence de « barrières discriminatoires » entre hommes et femmes sur le marché du travail conduit à critiquer la mesure de la discrimination salariale « pure ».
Nous soutenons qu'il n'est pas possible de donner une définition non ambiguë de la discrimination sur le marché du travail sans rentrer dans des questions de philosophie politique de la justice. Chaque philosophie politique implique une conception différente de la discrimination et impose des contraintes sur la méthodologie empirique de mesure des inégalités. Une conception pluraliste de la discrimination conduit ainsi à critiquer la conception consensuelle de l'égalité des chances, la théorie marginale de la juste distribution ainsi que la « bonne » pratique de mesure de la discrimination.
Nous présentons d'abord une grille d'analyse pluraliste de la discrimination entre les sexes articulant philosophies politiques de la justice sexuée, théories économiques de la discrimination, et méthodologies statistiques de mesure de l'inégalité de traitement sur le marché du travail. Nous proposons ensuite des mesures économétriques des barrières discriminatoires à l'accès à l'emploi, au temps plein et aux responsabilités hiérarchiques. Ces mesures nous permettent enfin de revenir sur l'identification et l'évaluation de la ségrégation verticale, de la discrimination salariale, et de la discrimination positive dans les politiques de l'emploi.

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Hogan, Claire Louise. "Exploring the social effects of visual loss on human interaction". Thesis, View thesis, 1995. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/120.

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Theories on the impact of visual loss tend to generalise and can simplify complex issues. Two extreme views are challenged that portray the impact of visual loss as catastrophic or as a minor inconvenience. The argument is put forward that the impact of visual loss can lessen with improved interaction, and this theory is tested by the author questioning and modifying her own interaction. The following themes are explored: limbo status and self-acceptance; the common stresses experienced when asking for help; and discriminatory attitudes. The research is action based, and the emphasis is on how individuals adjust and adapt to loss, rather than the stresses experienced.

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Ackerman, Carla. "The power of patriarchy : its manifestation in rape". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/54906.

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Thesis (MA) -- Stellenbosch University, 1995.
Includes bibliography
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study investigates womens' perceptions of social power, as illustrated by their experiences of rape. In the first chapter the principles of subjective feminist research are analyzed against the background of feminist critique on so-called objective science. This introduction also discusses the feminist research methodology used in the study. This is followed by an examination of mainstream political science's conception of "power". How mainstream political scientists conceptualise "power", how they define "the exercise of power". Analyses of the feminist critique against the mainstream conception of "power" are discussed. The account of Foucault's ideas on "power" is, to some degree, a link between mainstream political science's views and feminists views. An examination of patriarchy, the three main dichotomies present in our society that determine female/male relations and gendered sexuality follows. It is against the aforementioned background that the literature study moves into a practical research stage. The next chapter analyses womens' conceptions and experiences of "power" relations by looking at the feminist theory of rape. This is followed by an analysis of the research data and a discussion of the popular rape myths in our society. A historical overview and analysis of the current rape law is then given, while the last chapter examines a feminist alternative conception of "power"relations by re-visiting "power" and by providing a feminist vision of women-power.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie ondersoek vrouens se persepsies van sosiale mag soos geïllustreer deur hulle ervarings van verkragting. In die eerste hoofstuk word die beginsels van subjektiewe feministiese navorsing geanaliseer teen die agtergrond van die feministiese kritiek teen sogenaamde objektiewe wetenskap. Dit verskaf 'n bespreking van die feministiese navorsingsmetodologie wat in die studie gebruik is. In die daaropvolgende hoofstuk word hoofstroom politieke wetenskap se konsepsie van "mag" ondersoek deur te kyk na hoe hoofstroom politieke wetenskap "mag" konseptualiseer, hoe dit "die uitoefening van mag" definieer en deur die analise van feministiese kritiek teen hoofstroom politieke wetenskap se konsepsie van "mag". Die opsomming van Faucault se idees oor "mag" is in sommige opsigte 'n skakel tussen hoofstroom politieke wetenskap se sieninge en die van feministe. 'n Ondersoek na patriargie, die drie belangrikste tweeledighede ("dichotomies") in ons samelewing wat die verhoudings tussen vrouens en mans bepaal en geslagtelike seksualiteit ("gendered sexuality") volg. Dit is teen die agtergrond van die voorafgaande dat die literatuurstudie gevolg word deur 'n praktiese navorsingsfase. Daar volg'In analise van vrouens se konsepsies en ondervindings van "magsverhoudinge" deur eerstens na die feministiese teorie van verkragting te kyk. Hierna volg 'n analise van die navorsingsdata en In bespreking van populêre verkragtingsmites in ons samelewing. In aansluiting by bogenoemde volg 'n historiese oorsig en analise van die huidige verkragtingswet en vrouens se ervarings daarvan. Laastens volg 'n feministiese alternatiewe konsepsie van "magsverhoudinge" deur 'n her-analise van "mag" voor te stel en deur 'n feministiese visie van vroue-mag ("women-power") te verskaf.

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Löfgren, Johanna. "Mot jämställdhet? En analys av den politiska debatten gällande ett förbud mot könsdiskriminerande reklam". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-338864.

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The overarching aim of this essay is to understand why gender equality policy proposals sometimes fail to be adopted even in very favorable circumstances. The paper searches to do so by examining the political debate and the process that lead to the Swedish Social Democratic Party’s decision in 2014 to not adopt a law against gender discrimination in commercial in Sweden, despite their longstanding arguments to impose such a ban. The case is considered being a “failed case”, that is, a situation where gender policy adoption failed. Drawing on feminist political theory and frame analysis the study examines the arguments made by proponents and opponents in the debate. The study finds that the Liberal People’s Party possibly might have managed to pursue the Social Democratic Party to switch position by reframing the issue regarding gender discrimination in commercial. The study also observes that freedom of speech can be seen as a competing and higher valued interest to gender equality. Furthermore, the paper demonstrate that Sweden generally have been reluctant to reach gender equality through harder measures, which additionally can be seen as an explanation to the failure of the proposal.

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Dwyer, Chantal Glynn. "Immigration and intolerance in South Africa, 1990-2001". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53456.

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Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Many different categories of people move into South Africa daily. Each category has its defined purposes for coming here such as seeking opportunities, a better life and in some cases a safe haven. Many South Africans have become intolerant towards immigrants entering the country. In some cases immigrants have to endure name calling, harassment and in more extreme circumstances violent attacks. This study proposes to focus on intolerance in South Africa from 1990 to 2001 and describes whether South Africans have become more intolerant towards immigrants over this period. It therefore focuses on certain groups in the South African society based on ethnicity, level of education and category of employment. A quantitative method is used by means of utilising already existing statistics from the World Value Surveys conducted in 1990, 1995 and 200l. It also takes the form of a longitudinal study by describing xenophobic and intolerant attitudes over an elevenyear period.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Elke dag kom verskillende groepe mense na Suid-Afrika. Hulle het ook verskeie redes waarom hulle hierheen kom. Sommige mag gelok word deur die geleenthede wat die land hulle mag bied en ander vlug hierheen op soek na 'n veilige blyplek. Alhoewel hulle hierheen kom vir definitiewe redes, word hulle nie deur alle Suid-Afrikaners verwelkom nie. Hulle word dikwels die slagoffers van aanvalle en word ook gereeld geteister. Die doel van hierdie studie is om verdraagsaamheid in Suid-Afrika te analiseer deur om na vreemdelingsvrees van Suid-Afrikaners teenoor immigrante te kyk. Die studie wil die vlak van verdraagsaamheid tenoor immigrante vanaf 1990 tot 2001 beskryf. Klem word op spesifieke groepe van Suid-Afrikaners geplaas naamlik rasse groep, die vlak van geletterdheid so wel as werkskategorie. Die studie gebruik dus 'n kwantitatiwe navorsingrnetode en statistieke van die World Value Surveys wat in 1990, 1995 en 2001 gedoen is. Dit beoog om die veranderinge in verdraagsaamheid oor 'n periode van elf jaar te beskryf.

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KC, Aastha. "Caste-Based Discrimination In Contemporary Nepal - A problematisation of Nepal’s national policies that address discrimination based on caste". Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22649.

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This paper critically interrogates Nepal’s national policies on caste based discrimination, thatwere implemented post the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement in 2006. It usesCarol Bacchi’s ‘What’s the Problem Represented to be?’ (WPR) method for policy analysis tounderstand the problem representations within existing policies that address discrimination based on caste in Nepal today. This study is conducted vis a vis the role of the current government in shaping the understanding of the ‘problem’ representation in these policies. This study aspires to show that the problem of caste based discrimination in Nepal cannot be represented solely as a problem of poverty and development. Instead, policy reforms need to prioritize the recognition of caste based discrimination as a problem, in and of itself, in order to alleviate the suffering and discrimination of caste affected groups in Nepal.

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Bouhamdan, Tyra Murielle. "Religion, the Law and the Human Rights of Women in the Middle East: A Quantitative Analysis". Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia State University, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/political_science_theses/31/.

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Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia State University, 2009.
Title from title page (Digital Archive@GSU, viewed July 20, 2010) Michael Herb, committee chair; Jelena Subotic, Scott Graves, committee members. Includes bibliographical references.

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Chen, Yu. "Internal migrants and labour market discrimination in Shanghai's manufacturing sector". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2008. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/192/.

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China has witnessed the largest migration wave in human history since the initiation of economic reforms in 1978. Millions of migrants seek job opportunities and higher incomes in cities where economy booms. Without local permanent residential status (local hukou), migrants are subject to social and economic constraints. This thesis examines the extent to which migrants are disadvantaged and discriminated in Shanghai’s manufacturing sector. The thesis further explains the underlying reasons for such discrimination. Fieldwork in Shanghai comprised a random survey in 21 manufacturing companies, interviews with personnel managers and migrant workers. This allows for a full analysis of labour market outcomes for migrants from rural areas (rural migrants), migrants from towns and cities (urban migrants), and local workers. The results show that residential status has significant effects on occupations and wages, after controlling for other factors such as education and work experience. Both rural and urban migrants are disadvantaged in the urban labour market compared with local workers. But rural migrants suffer much more discrimination than urban migrants. The persistent link between local hukou status and jobs, access to social benefits and services results in continuing discrimination against migrants. Migrants’ positions are further depressed by the huge labour supply, migrants’ lower job expectations, their toleration of discrimination and companies’ violation of labour law. Hence, the thesis argues that the urban labour market in Shanghai’s manufacturing sector has remained divided between migrants and local workers, because barriers still exist preventing migrants from competing fully with local residents. Lastly, some policy recommendations are made to reduce labour market discrimination for both efficiency and equity.

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Leask, Kathryn. "Prenatal testing and reproductive autonomy : defending against disability discrimination concerns". Thesis, Keele University, 2017. http://eprints.keele.ac.uk/3137/.

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Arguments have been forwarded that terminating a pregnancy affected by a congenital abnormality discriminates against those living with disabilities and makes negative judgements about their lives. For the clinical geneticist these arguments raise questions as to whether their practice is ethical. In this thesis I aim to consider these concerns primarily from the position of the clinical geneticist by addressing ethical arguments. I argue that the fetus does not have full moral status equivalent to a person and therefore terminating a disabled fetus is not comparable with ending the life of a disabled person, and so does not imply that the lives of disabled persons are not worth living. I further argue that the decision to carry out prenatal testing and abortion should not solely rely on disability and on the objective opinions of healthcare professionals. Central to this argument is that when considering whether or not prenatal testing and abortion are justifiable, it is important to take into account the specific and unique circumstances of the family, particularly the parents and pre-existing children. Parents’ reproductive autonomy therefore needs to be considered as well as the harm having a disabled child could cause; both to the future child to and those directly affected by their existence. I conclude that prenatal testing and abortion does not discriminate against those living with disabilities. Despite this, however, reproductive autonomy is not being respected in current approaches to prenatal testing as late termination of pregnancy can only be legally permitted where two healthcare professionals agree to it. Therefore, in order to enhance reproductive autonomy I have made recommendations whereby the supportive role of the clinical geneticist can be further developed by their acting as an advocate for prospective parents when justifications for late termination of pregnancy are being considered by healthcare professionals.

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Dempsey, Paul Stephen. "Deregulation, discrimination and dispute resolution in international aviation : turbulence in the open skies". Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=72795.

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Perrin, Caroline. "Dynamique identitaire et partitions sociales : le cas de l'identité "raciale" des noirs en france". Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00732486.

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Ce travail de recherche a pour but d'investiguer du point de vue psychosocial l'identité " raciale " de la population des Noirs en France en particulier dans leur rapport avec les Blancs afin de mettre au jour les dynamiques identitaires qui existent entre les groupes.Le cadre théorique relève de la catégorisation sociale et plus particulièrement de l'un de ses développements, à savoir le concept des partitions sociales. Cette conception postule l'existence de plusieurs types de relations intercatégorielles (les partitions) qui permettent d'appréhender la nature du positionnement identitaire des individus dans le cadre d'une relation intergroupe (en fonction de l'intérêt identitaire de chacun) en y ajoutant un aspect dynamique à travers la notion de co-construction. La méthodologie utilisée relève principalement des représentations mutuelles, c'est-à-dire des représentations intercatégorielles (la représentation que l'on a de sa catégorie d'appartenance et celle que l'on a de l'exogroupe considéré) qui nous permettent de dégager les dynamiques identitaires existant entre des groupes socio-culturellement différents. Dans cette perspective, une série de d'études a été mise en œuvre. La première a mis en évidence l'existence de stratégies identitaires différentes de la part des Noirs antillais selon qu'ils vivent en Métropole ou aux Antilles. Les Antillais de Métropole s'insèrent dans une partition communautaire alors que ceux des Antilles semblent adopter une stratégie d'évitement en se recatégorisant à un niveau supraordonné. La deuxième étude a montré qu'en fonction de leur interlocuteur (opérationnalisé par les mots inducteurs " Black ", " Blanc " et " Beur "), les Français d'origine Afro-antillaise, Européenne ou Maghrébine adoptaient des positionnements identitaires différents. Enfin, une troisième étude a permis de dégager l'existence d'une discrimination implicite vis-à-vis des Noirs en France s'appuyant sur un stéréotype structuré de la même façon qu'aux États-Unis mais ne s'exprimant pas explicitement. De façon générale, ces études semblent montrer que l'appréhension des relations interethniques par le biais des partitions (et non plus en simples termes d'endofavoritisme ou d'exodéfavoritisme) permet de mieux comprendre les relations existant entre différentes communautés dans un contexte intra-national.

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Chen, Liwei. "Impact of gender discrimination on workplace gender inequalities in China in the last decade". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-80855.

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China is confronted with serious issue of gender inequality and discrimination in workplace. There are some key factors leading to gender inequality, such as the lack of laws and regulations and organizations’ goal of maximizing profit. Gender discrimination has serious and negative impact on employers, employees and investment of human capital. More seriously, gender inequality and discrimination have changed in the last decade. Gender discrimination has become more comprehensive and serious, motivating a more detailed investigation. This research investigates gender inequality issue in workplaces in China during the last decade, using interviews as the methodology. Recent changes and the current situation of gender inequality and discrimination in the workplace in China are analyzed in the research. The key findings of the research are as follows. Gender discrimination is found comprehensively in workplaces in China, and results in serious gender inequalities. Causal factors include as well as Employees who suffer from gender inequality, may get fewer working opportunities, unequal treatment, and lower salary. The trend of gender inequality and discrimination has become more general. In conclusion, the thesis proposes measures to address the gender inequality and discrimination in workplace in China. The first is to form and implement rules and regulations in the legal and organizational system to strengthen the management of gender inequality issue. Secondly, the organizational cultures should be improved. Finally, professional training is proposed for organizational leadership as well as employees.

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Voss, Suna J. "Immigration, Identity and Inequality - The Micro-Level Effects of Discrimination on Integration". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för freds- och konfliktforskning, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-353033.

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The relation between identity and Horizontal Inequality is increasingly relevant in the light of international migration flows. Research on the effects of Horizontal Inequality, or discrimination, on integration, is however limited. In particular, the causal mechanism underlying this relation remains to be defined. The present study fills this gap, arguing that perceived Horizontal Inequalities, i.e. inequalities between identity groups, create grievances in affected migrants that in turn increase group boundaries and, finally, decrease people’s ability to integrate into a new society. This proposed causal mechanism is tested through the use of process tracing and the controlled comparison method. Qualitative evaluative and thematic text analysis is employed to this end on novel micro-level data obtained through 30 interviews of concerned migrants and experts in Germany. The findings indicate support for the hypothesised model, amongst others highlighting the centrality of prior expectations and experiences for perceptions of Horizontal Inequality.

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Carde, Estelle. "Les discriminations selon l'origine dans l'accès aux soins : Etude en France métropolitaine et en Guyane française". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00119345.

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La discrimination est un traitement différentiel – entendu le plus souvent au sens défavorable - et illégitime.
Après avoir présenté les politiques d'accès aux soins menées en France à l'égard du précaire et de l'étranger, sont analysés des entretiens et des observations menés auprès de 175 professionnels de l'accès aux soins, en France métropolitaine et en Guyane, de 2001 à 2003.
A partir des données métropolitaines est dressée une typologie des processus discriminatoires selon l'origine dans l'accès aux soins. Dans les deux premiers types, le professionnel justifie le traitement discriminatoire par l'altérité qu'il perçoit chez l'usager. Cette altérité est avant tout une illégitimité dans le premier type, une différence dans le second. Le troisième type est produit par des logiques structurelles, indépendamment de toute perception d'une altérité.
L'application de cette typologie à un contexte précisément situé, la Guyane française, permet ensuite de saisir l'articulation d'enjeux macro (géographiques, démographiques, politiques, etc.) et micro-sociaux (professionnels, institutionnels, etc.) dans la production de discriminations dans l'accès aux soins.

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Dumiso, Phazamile. "Identity politics of race and gender in the post-apartheid South Africa : the case of Stellenbosch University". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49984.

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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2004.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Identity has been a contentious issue in South Africa for many years. This created many problems including, among others, discrimination against people on the basis of race and gender. When the new government came to power in 1994, it promised to make valuable changes, and hence programmes such as affirmative action and black economic empowerment were introduced. This study investigates perceptions of students at Stellenbosch University (US) towards identity politics of race and gender after 1994. The subject of investigation includes, inter alia, student accommodation, language of tuition, relationship between students, class participation, sexual harassment and politics (affirmative action and black economic empowerment). This research investigates the university's treatment of students and how students themselves treat each other. Information was collected through a survey using a questionnaire in four selected residences, viz. Concordia, Goldfields, Huis DeViIIiers and Lobelia. The findings of this study indicate that there still are some problems as far as identity politics of race and gender at the US are concerned. For example, this study came to the following conclusions: • The majority of students from the three racial groups who participated in this study have a perception that racial divisions still exist at the US in three areas (classroom, residences and the student centre). The perception is these divisions are caused by the fact that students come from different cultural backgrounds. Language differences also play a role in this respect; • The majority of students also have a perception that black students are less likely to speak in class because they feel intimidated; • The majority of black and coloured students support the ANC (African National Congress), while the majority of white students support the DA (Democratic Alliance). Although this is the case, this research also finds that many students at the US do not want to indicate their political support; • Black and coloured students are positive about the role of Affirmative Action (AA) and Black Economic Empowerment (BEE), whereas white students have a different view; • Women students at the US have a perception that South Africa is still confronted by a problem of gender inequality; • The majority of students have a perception that white men are the worst affected group by AA and BEE; • Most students, regardless of their race or gender, feel protected at the US. There is a perception that there is no gender discrimination by their lecturers; • Men and women students view sexual harassment differently; for example, women students view sexist jokes and wolf-whistling as constituting sexual harassment while men students have a different view. They all have perception that women students are the one who experience more of these forms of sexual harassment than their male counterparts do.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Identiteit is reeds vir baie jare in Suid-Afrika 'n omstrede kwessie. Dit het baie probleme veroorsaak, waaronder, diskriminasie teen mense gegrond op ras en geslag. Tydens die totstandkoming van die nuwe regering in 1994, is beloftes gemaak om veranderinge teweeg te bring. Gevolglik is programme soos regstellende aksie en swart ekonomiese bemagtiging ingestel. Hierdie studie ondersoek die persepsie van studente, verbonde aan die universiteit van Stellenbosch (US), jeens die identiteitspolitiek van ras en geslag na 1994. Die onderwerp van die studie sluit ondermeer die volgende in: studente-akkommodasie, die onderrigstaal, die verhouding tussen studente, klasdeelname, seksuele teistering en politiek (regstellende aksie en swart ekonomiese bemagtiging). Dit ondersoek die universiteit se hantering van studente en die behandeling van studente se optrede teenoor mekaar. Die inligting is ingesamel deur 'n meningspeiling verkry deur die verspreiding van vraelyste in vier geselekteerde koshuise, naamlik Concordia, Goldfields, Huis de Villiers en Lobelia. Die bevindinge van die studie toon dat daar steeds baie probleme bestaan wat betref die politieke identiteit van ras en geslag aan die US. Die studie het byvoorbeeld tot die volgende gevolgtrekkings gekom: • Die meerderheid van studente, uit drie rassegroepe, wat aan die studie deelgeneem het, het die persepsie dat rasse-verdeeldheid steeds in drie areas voorkom (die klaskamer, koshuise en die studente sentrum). Die persepsie word voorgehou, onder andere, dat die verdeeldheid versoorsaak word deur die feit dat studente van verskillende kulture afkomstig is, asook dat taalverskille 'n rol speel. • Die meerderheid studente het ook die persepsie dat swart studente neig om minder te praat in die klas omdat hulle geïntimideerd voel. • Die meerderheid swart en bruin studente steun die ANC (African National Congress), terwyl die meerderheid wit studente die DA (Demokratiese Alliansie) steun. Hoewel dit die geval blyk te wees, het die studie ook gevind dat baie studente aan die US nie hulle politieke steun bekend wil maak nie. • Swart en bruin studente is positief oor die rol van regstellende aksie en swart ekonomiese bemagtiging, teenoor wit studente wat 'n ander uitkyk hierop het. • Vroue studente aan die US het die persepsie dat Suid-Afrika steeds gekonfronteer word met die probleem van geslagsongelykheid. • Die meerderheid studente het die persepsie dat wit mans die ergste geraak word deur regstellende aksie en swart ekonomiese bemagtiging. • Meeste studente, ongeag hul ras of geslag, voel beskermd by die US. Die persepsie bestaan dat geen geslagdiskriminasie deur lektore toegepas word nie. • Mans- en vroue-studente sien seksuele teistering verskillend. Vroue-studente, byvoorbeeld, sien seksistiese grappe en wolwefluite as seksuele teistering, teenoor mansstudente wat dit nie so sien nie. Almal het wel die persepsie dat vrouestudente meer geraak word deur seksuele teistering as hulle manlike eweknieë.

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Matti, Matthew, i Joakim Kesertzi. "Labor discrimination in the US : A study about ethnic discrimination against Hispanics in the United States’ labor market and how Donald Trump’s involvement has affected it". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för nationalekonomi och statistik (NS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-105083.

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In this paper, we investigate if there is any ethnic discrimination towards Hispanics in the labor market for the US and how Donald Trump’s involvement has affected it. By comparing the income of Hispanics with White-Americans with data collected from IPUMS between the years 2010-2019. We investigated the period before and after 2016 when he got elected as the new president for the United States. We looked further into his different statements against the Hispanic population and how that might have affected the Hispanics overall. This paper result was obtained through the difference in difference model with the help of our linear probability model. From this model, a different coefficient and a dummy variable were created to get a result with accuracy for this study. The results showed that the logarithmic income for both ethnicities has decreased over time, but just slightly. Furthermore, our results indicated no increased ethnic discrimination in terms of income during our given time interval. However, we could see a difference in educational attainment. Those with higher education earned more after 2016 than previous years, which goes for Hispanics and White-Americans. We interpret the results by seeing no significant change in the Hispanic’s income level, meaning that Trump did not affect their income. However, we can conclude that there was an income gap before Trump's presidency started and that his time as president did neither increase nor decrease the gap between the two ethnicities in our research.

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Walentiny, D. Matthew. "Discriminative stimulus properties of 3-substituent rimonabant analogs". VCU Scholars Compass, 2011. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/223.

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Cannabinoid agonists (e.g., THC) dose-dependently decrease locomotor activity and body temperature and produce antinociception and catalepsy. Drugs that produce this tetrad of effects within a limited dose range are likely to function as CB1 receptor agonists. A structure activity relationship study from our laboratory investigating analogs of the CB1 antagonist rimonabant revealed that certain alterations in the 3-substituent of rimonabant’s pyrazole core conferred agonist-like properties in the tetrad. Interestingly, these effects were present in CB1 -/- mice, and were not reversed by rimonabant in wild-type mice. The present study evaluated two novel 3-substituent rimonabant analogs, O-6629 and O-6658 in the tetrad and drug discrimination, a preclinical model of drug subjective effects that possesses a high degree of pharmacological specificity. Drugs that elicit cannabinergic psychoactive effects in humans are likely to produce THC-like operant responding in animals trained to discriminate between the interoceptive stimuli produced by THC relative to vehicle. O-6629 and O-6658 decreased locomotor activity and body temperature and produced catalepsy. O-6629, but not O-6658 produced significant antinociception. However, these drugs differed from THC in regard to the magnitude of tetrad effects observed. These analogs also failed to elicit THC-like discriminative stimulus effects, nor did they antagonize THC’s discriminative stimulus in mice discriminating 5.6 mg/kg THC from vehicle. Finally, mice were trained to discriminate 5.6 mg/kg O-6629 from vehicle. O-6658 produced full substitution for O-6629, whereas the cannabinoid agonists THC and anandamide did not. O-6629’s discriminative stimulus failed to generalize to rimonabant, cocaine or morphine, whereas WIN 55,212-2 and nicotine evoked partial substitution. These results suggest that these analogs might exert their pharmacological properties through a novel cannabinoid receptor, as has been proposed for WIN 55,212-2 and anandamide. Additionally, O-6629’s discriminative stimulus may involve nicotinic acetylcholine or dopaminergic components. Future directions include determining whether the partial substitution observed with nicotine was mediated through a nicotinic mechanism. Tests with chlorpromazine, an antipsychotic that is a false positive in the tetrad, and diazepam, which produces partial substitution for THC’s discriminative stimulus through a GABAergic mechanism are also planned.

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Johnson, Patrick S. "Behavioral Mechanisms of Pramipexole-Induced Impulsivity: Discrimination Processes Underlying Decision-Making". DigitalCommons@USU, 2012. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1259.

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Faced with an intertemporal choice, an organism that chooses a “smaller-sooner” reinforcer over a “larger-later” reinforcer is said to behave impulsively. Individual differences in intertemporal choice are effectively modeled by generalized matching law and delay discounting equations that incorporate parameters corresponding to behavioral processes such as sensitivity to reinforcer amount or delay. By simulating changes in these processes and identifying conditions under which impulsive choice is likely to result, researchers are in a position to anticipate and examine potential behavioral mechanisms underlying clinical instances of impulsivity. Pramipexole, a dopamine agonist medication, is associated with reports of impulsive behavior in populations prescribed the drug, as well as in experimental subjects administered the compound prior to intertemporal choice sessions, although the latter findings are mixed. The present set of experiments was designed (a) to systematically replicate conditions under which pramipexole increased impulsive choice, but also nonspecifically disrupted behavior, and (b) to elucidate behavioral mechanisms of pramipexole-induced impulsivity in rats. In Chapter 2, a behavioral task used previously by researchers reporting a nonspecific effect of pramipexole was modified to include procedural controls common in the intertemporal choice literature (centering response, no-delay sessions). In accord with previous findings, acute pramipexole nonspecifically disrupted choice behavior, while chronic pramipexole partially remediated elements of the disruption (i.e., decrease in initial-block choice). In Chapter 3, three experiments targeted behavioral processes critical for intertemporal choice. Experiment 1 evaluated the acute and chronic effects of pramipexole on rats’ sensitivity to relative reinforcer delays in a concurrent-chains procedure. Contrary to the predicted effect, the drug decreased this measure, indicating the possibility of impaired stimulus control. Experiments 2 and 3 assessed the drug effect on discrimination of response-reinforcer contingencies and of reinforcer amounts, respectively, and revealed deficits in accuracy of similar magnitude across both preparations. Collectively, the results of these experiments suggest that previous findings of pramipexole-induced impulsivity and nonspecific disruption of behavior can be explained as impairments in discrimination processes required for intertemporal choice. Although the generality of the present findings may be limited to experimental settings with nonhumans, they demonstrate the utility of quantitatively modeling impulsivity.

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Mulondo, Daniel Stephen. ""THE DISCRIMINATION AND INJUSTICE EXPERIENCED BY MIGRANT WORKERS IN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES IN DISREGARD TO LEVELS OF EDUCATION"". Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskap, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-11715.

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This thesis explores and maps out the subjective experience of foreign migrant workers, specifically Philippino nurses, within two European countries, in relation to potential discrimination and injustice. And a qualitative, Grounded Theory study gathered primary data from a random, convenience sample of migrant workers within the UK and Sweden (12 participants from each country and 24 in all). Participants were recruited via an international online nursing forum, and an email questionnaire sent to those who agreed to participate. Follow-up interviews were carried out with participants via telephone. And after open, axial and selective coding, a model of discrimination for these workers emerged under the following primary themes: migration; integration; discrimination. Workers were motivated to become nurses in order to move abroad, and chose their destination country according to having social or familial ties in that country. Workers experienced the need to achieve integration in working lives but found themselves excluded from the normal social spheres and relationships enjoyed by their non-migrant colleagues. They experience discrimination based on pre-conceptions about them as Philippinos, and see this discrimination as affecting their professional status within the hierarchy of health professions and occupations. Both host countries provided experiences of discrimination, but this was more acute within the UK. Conclusively, migrant Philippino nurses in the UK and Sweden experience social exclusion from normal social spaces and relationships, and suffer discrimination which results in them lacking the same levels of respect and professional status as their ‘native’ colleagues. Rather than implementing blanket equality policies, it would be recommended that governments and employers target attitudinal change to enhance social inclusion for migrant workers. Keywords Discrimination, Injustice, Migration, Integration

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Dhanani, Lindsay. "Discrimination of Arabs and Muslims in simulated hiring decisions the role of multiple categorization, perceived job fit, and social dominance". Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/370.

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Discrimination in hiring contexts has received a lot of attention from researchers in Industrial Organizational Psychology. However, discrimination against Arabs and Muslims in hiring contexts has been overlooked in the literature. The current study explores discrimination targeting Arabs and Muslims in the workplace. The theory of multiple categorization (Crisp & Hewstone, 1999) was applied to Arabs and Muslims in order to determine the relative effect of national origin and religious affiliation. Perceived job fit (Heilman, 1983) was also examined using an airport security position and a shipping and receiving clerk position. Participants rated mock résumés on several measures of hireability and ranked the applicants in the order in which they would hire them. The results show that the Muslim applicants were rated lower than the Christian applicants and the Arab applicants were rated lower than the Caucasian applicants. Furthermore, the Caucasian Christian applicant was rated significantly higher than the Caucasian Muslim applicant, the Arab Christian applicant, and the Arab Muslim applicant. This study shows that Arabs and Muslims were rated lower than their equally qualified counterparts, providing evidence of discrimination of Arabs and Muslims.
B.S.
Bachelors
Sciences
Psychology

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Menezes, Antonia. "Developing states' long walk to freedom: an examination of the principle of non-discrimination, substantive equality and proportionality in investor-state disputes". Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=40845.

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The principle of non-discrimination is widely subscribed to in both Bilateral Investment Treaties and Investor-State arbitration awards. However, when this principle is deconstructed, it appears to be less evident what it entails and accordingly, how it should be applied in practice. This thesis examines how discriminatory treatment is defined under international investment law and seeks to articulate a more coherent test based upon the substantive standard of equality and the proportionality principle. By examining a current Investor-State dispute against the Government of South Africa, it illustrates why it is important to understand the notion of equality, and that investment arbitrations are increasingly raising questions of the conflict between domestic public policy and investment protection for arbitrators to resolve. Underlying this issue are wider questions relating to the fundamental power balances between the parties to Bilateral Investment Treaties. In order to encourage international investment as a whole, these questions should not be ignored but rather addressed by arbitral tribunals.
Le principe de non-discrimination est très présent tant dans les traités bilatéraux d’investissement que dans les sentences arbitrales. Pourtant, l’analyse approfondie de ce principe révèle que sa signification réelle et, par voie de conséquence, son application pratique sont moins évidentes qu’il n’y paraît. Cette thèse étudie la manière selon laquelle le traitement discriminatoire est défini en droit des investissements internationaux et cherche à élaborer un test plus cohérent fondé sur les principes d’égalité substantive et de proportionnalité. En examinant un litige opposant actuellement un investisseur à un Etat, en l’occurrence le gouvernement d’Afrique du Sud, cette thèse souligne l’importance de la notion d’égalité. En outre, elle démontre que les arbitrages en matière d’investissement présentent un risque accru de conflits entre les politiques publiques des Etats et la protection des investisseurs, conflits qu’il revient aux arbitres de trancher. Cette question est peut-être révélatrice de problématique plus large concernant l’équilibre des pouvoirs entre les parties à un traité d’investissement bilatéral.

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Romaniak, Anna. "The problem of discrimination outside the workplace in the European Union". Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-2280.

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The European Union is the Community made on bases of multiculturalism, diversity and

equality between Members and its citizens. From the very beginning of being social actor, the European Union has wanted to fight with discrimination. In the July 2008 the Council Directive on implementing the principle of equal treatment between persons irrespective of religion or belief, disability, age or sexual orientation was announced. This essay is about the problem of discrimination on the ground of ethnic origin, disability and sexual orientation in

the European Union. According to the Eurobarometer survey these types of discrimination are the most spread within the European Society. With help of this survey I set a hypothesis and I tested it. The question was if the “Old” Member States are more successful with the fight with the problem that “New” Member States. There are acts of law considering and protecting

citizens against discrimination. Most of the regulations include the unequal treatment in

employment, is why I wanted to make researches about the same problem outside the

employment. I checked what kind of minorities protection exist in legal framework of the EU and I concluded that the New Directive Proposal is actually answer for their problems and in the same time legislation changes are not enough.

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Dlol, Somer. "The Palestinian Diaspora in Jordan: A case of Systematic Discriminations". Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22959.

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The purpose of this research is to study the discourse constructions of the Palestinians in the diaspora residing in Jordan. The discourse constructed of the Palestinian, enables the government to discriminatory actions towards the Palestinians residing in Jordan, where for example Palestinian-origin Jordanian citizens have in recent years experienced their Jordanian citizenship been revoked. Jordan does this as an action to protect their own cultural and national identity. The theoretical framework which will be used in this research will be the one of constructivism, where the theory is used to analyze the construction of a threat. The research will be using a critical discourse analysis and will be analyzing speeches held from King Abdullah II of Jordan. The conclusions of this research will show how the Palestinian discourse in Jordan enables the Jordanian government to implement discriminatory policies toward the Palestinian-origin Jordanian citizens.

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Souza, Joiciane Aparecida de. "Les politiques de discrimination positive dans les grandes écoles : l'expérience de Sciences Po et de ses "inclus de l'extérieur"". Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05H010.

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Cette thèse a pour objectif de vérifier dans quelle mesure les politiques de discrimination positive contribuent à l’accès et à la réussite des jeunes de classes populaires dans les grandes écoles françaises, à partir de l’expérience des Conventions Education Prioritaire (CEP) mis en place par l’Institut d’études politiques de Paris (Sciences Po). On a soumis un questionnaire aux étudiants admis par les CEP (52 réponses) et un deuxième aux étudiants de Sciences Po admis par les quatre voies d’admission : CEP, concours, mention très bien et procédure internationale (1. 441 réponses). Puis, on a réalisé des entretiens avec 31 étudiants de Sciences Po admis par les diverses procédures d’admission. On a pu constater que les impacts bénéfiques de cette procédure sont assez aléatoires. Certes les CEP diversifient les élites étudiantes en ce qu’elles permettent proportionnellement de recruter le plus d’étudiants des classes populaires à Sciences Po, mais les classes sociales favorisées sont encore surreprésentées par rapport à leur poids dans la population française même pour cette procédure et les effectifs concernés par ces conventions sont assez réduits. Elles contribuent donc à une relative diversité ethnique, sociale, culturelle et territoriale au sein de l’Institut. Ces nouveaux étudiants vivent toutefois l’intégration différemment des autres. En général, ils se sentent et ils sont vus par les autres étudiants, au moins au début, comme des « inclus de l’extérieur », ayant un habitus différent et un capital linguistique, scolaire, culturel, social et économique inférieur. Bien que l’évaluation des CEP et de ses impacts faite par les étudiants de Sciences Po soit plutôt positive, ils estiment quand même que la procédure peut être améliorée sur certains points
This dissertation aims to verify the extent to which policies of affirmative action contribute to the access and success of lower class youth in the context of the French grandes écoles (elite colleges), by analysing the experience of Educational Priority Conventions (CEP) set up by the Institute of Political Studies in Paris (“Sciences Po”). A questionnaire was submitted to students admitted through the CEP (52 responses) and a second one to students admitted to “Sciences Po” through the four admission procedures: CEP, entrance exam, grade distinction and an international procedure (1,441 responses). Next, interviews were conducted with 31 students admitted to “Sciences Po” through the different admission procedures. We found that the beneficial effects of the CEP procedure are quite random. The CEP certainly diversifies the group of elite students to some extent – it is the procedure that recruits the highest proportion of students from the lower classes in “Sciences Po” – but our data also shows that the favoured social classes remain overrepresented compared to their proportion of the French population, even for this procedure, and that the actual number of students admitted through the CEP is quite small. The latter group of students, while contributing to a relative ethnic, social, cultural and territorial diversity within the Institute, live the process of integration differently from other students. In general, they feel and are seen by other students, at least initially, as "included from the outside", with a markedly different habitus and a lower linguistic, educational, cultural, social and economic capital. Although the evaluation of the CEP and its impacts by the students of “Sciences Po” is generally positive, they still believe that the procedure can be improved in some areas

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Schmutz, Benoît. "Les immigrés africains face au marché du logement en France : ségrégation, discrimination et mobilité". Phd thesis, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00703900.

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Malgré leur grande diversité, les immigrés d'origine africaine en France éprouvent des difficultés spécifiques d'accès aux marchés du travail et du logement qui rendent pertinente leur étude en tant que groupe : un groupe doté d'une géographie propre -un fort tropisme urbain et une surreprésentation dans les quartiers pauvres dominés par l'habitat social ; un groupe dont l'intégration relative au marché du travail français s'est plutôt dégradée au cours des dernières décennies ; un groupe ségrégé pour lequel il est crucial de comprendre les interactions entre marché du travail et marché du logement. Dans cette thèse, je développe plusieurs modélisations microéconomiques permettant d'éclairer certains dysfonctionnements du marché du logement face à une population de consommateurs économiquement précaires, soumise aux préjugés éventuels des autres acteurs du marché et dont près de la moitié est en réalité prise en charge par une politique publique de logement social. Les prédictions issues de ces différentes modélisations sont ensuite confrontées à la situation des immigrés d'origine africaine en France, observés au cours de la période 1996-2006 à travers l'Enquête Nationale Logement. Sont établis les résultats suivants : l'existence d'une discrimination à l'encontre des immigrés d'origine africaine sur le marché locatif privé, pouvant expliquer une partie de leur surreprésentation dans le parc HLM; l'existence d'un tri spatial des locataires HLM d'origine africaine vers les logements situés dans quartiers les plus pauvres ; enfin, le rôle du marché du logement dans l'explication du surcroît de chômage frappant cette population.

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Larsson, Mikael. "The Misleading Debate". Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22657.

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In the year of 2013, Swedish media accused the Swedish police for the implementation of discriminatory internal controls of foreigners, in Malmö, Stockholm and other places across Sweden. The controls were soon to be linked to project REVA. In this thesis, I examine how the internal controls of foreigners measure up to the Swedish Aliens act and whether or not the accusations of discriminatory controls against individuals with a perceived foreign appearance, are correct. The examination includes a legal approach, where I use practical legal method to analyze the provisions of the Aliens act, as well as an evolving conceptual approach, where I evolve the concept of discrimination in order to apply it to the controls. I found that it is possible to link project REVA to the external work with the internal controls of foreigners, despite the denial from people involved. I also found that, because of unclear regulations regarding the implementation of the internal controls of foreigners, it is not possible to assess how the controls measure up to the Swedish Aliens act. Some of the controls, most probably, can be identified as directly and indirectly discriminatory. The problem with this statement is the difficulty to measure police officers decision-making in order to confirm the discriminatory behavior. However, I argue that it is possible to claim that the Aliens act might be indirectly discriminatory. The results of this thesis indicate that the Swedish police should review their practices regarding internal controls of foreigners.

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32

Hancock, Lisa Lynn. "How Women Experience and Respond to Singlism: Stereotyping and Discrimination of Singles". ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3994.

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Society views and treats women who are single differently than women who are not single. This practice of stereotyping and discrimination towards singles is called singlism. The purpose of this qualitative study was to use grounded theory methodology to explore and explain how women experience singlism and what explains how women experience singlism. Social constructionism, cognitive dissonance theory, and social identity theory were used as conceptual foundations in explaining how society constructs the status of single women, how single women are viewed and treated, and how single women manage their single social identity. The participants of the study included women over the age of 18 who self-identified as single and as having experienced singlism. Semistructured interviews, memoing, and member checking were used to collect data. Initial, focused, and theoretical coding procedures were used to manage the data, and a content analysis of the textual data was performed. Findings from the data suggest women respond to singlism by experiencing feelings, adopting beliefs, and participating in behaviors. A woman's experience of negative or angry feelings, adopting beliefs supporting or opposing to singlism, and participating in behaviors to support or oppose singlism is explained by her internalization of singlism, and of the ideology of family and marriage. Social action is needed to counteract singlism. This necessitates an identity shift to reframe single as a positive social identity which begins by raising awareness about singlism. The findings of this study may promote positive social change by raising awareness about singlism.

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Rha, Janet J. "The Influence of Narrative Voice of a Story on Judgments of Past Injustice and Present Day Discrimination". The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1308227765.

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You, Yong Lim. "The meaning of work for older employed people learning to understand age discrimination in South Korea". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4857/.

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This thesis presents the voices of older workers in South Korea through their life stories and experiences in order to interpret how employed older people understand age discrimination in employment, by studying the following four areas: how older workers understand the value of work; theories and concepts of ageing; age discrimination; and South Korea’s policies and programmes for employing older people. In order to interpret in depth the understanding of age discrimination in employment amongst a sample of eighteen employed older Koreans, a biographical method was adopted which generated experiences of age discrimination within each person’s life story. These were analysed using biographical narrative analysis. These employed older people enjoyed working and chose to work both because they wanted to and because this was the only way of meeting their various needs. Others believed that they were people who liked to work and be active and yet others believed that it was their destiny to work, even though they felt more tired as they grew older. They strongly believed that their work performance was still good enough to be competitive. In terms of age discrimination, they revealed the dilemma between their hope of working and the consideration that younger people were currently unemployed. Nevertheless, they did not accept the effect on their working lives of age discrimination which disregarded their capacity to work. In this sense, some interviewees hope that the government will provide an environment and opportunity for older workers to show their ability to work.

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35

Meyer, Jeanne. "Discours, discrimination sociolangagière et insertion professionnelle : les rapports complexes entre les mises en mots des accents et des attitudes linguistiques et / ou langagières". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00681613.

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La discrimination lors de l'insertion professionnelle contribue à marquer des frontières entre les individus nourrissant par là-même les ruptures inter-communautaires en société. Ici, elle est envisagée dans une perspective sociolangagière permettant d'appréhender les liens entre discours et conflits sociaux. Par le réinvestissement de plusieurs méthodologies (observation participante, observation directe, locuteur masqué, questionnaire d'évaluation et entretien semi-directif), la recherche est posée comme permettant de travailler conjointement à : - une réflexion théorique sur l'intégration des pratiques sociolangagières comme potentiels critères de discrimination pour observer comment certains accents peuvent être perçus plus légitimes à certains emplois professionnels et comment ces ressentis peuvent être transposés à l'égard des communautés dont ces parlers apparaissent représentatifs et, - une réflexion méthodologique sur le discours comme vecteur de discriminations où il s'agit de travailler à la création d'un nouvel instrument pour aider la lutte contre ces ségrégations injustifiées, ce par repérage d'indices langagiers récurrents comme preuve(s) d'attitudes discriminatoires

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36

Essouma, Mvola Guy. "La politique criminelle de lutte contre les discriminations à l'embauche". Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00996384.

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Les discriminations à l'embauche, qui consistent en le refus pour un employeur de recruter un ou plusieurs candidats pourtant compétents sur le fondement de considérations non-objectives prohibées par la loi française, portent atteinte au principe d'égalité de traitement entre les individus cher à la République. C'est la raison pour laquelle, depuis quelques années maintenant, on assiste à la mise en place d'un ensemble de mesures destinées à lutter contre le phénomène discriminatoire lors de l'embauche. Ce vaste ensemble de mesures constitue ce qu'on appelle la politique criminelle de lutte contre les discriminations à l'embauche. S'y intéresser, objet du présent travail de thèse, c'est se poser et répondre à la question de savoir si l'ensemble des moyens mis en œuvre en France aujourd'hui pour lutter contre le phénomène discriminatoire spécifié permettent effectivement d'y répondre avec pertinence. Autrement dit, la politique criminelle de lutte contre les discriminations à l'embauche, telle qu'envisagée et conçue aujourd'hui dans notre pays, permet-elle de maîtriser, voire même d'enrayer, les pratiques discriminatoires énoncées ? Pour y parvenir, nous procédons ici à une analyse critique des mécanismes et procédés mis en place par les acteurs œuvrant pour la lutte contre les discriminations à l'embauche. Aussi, notre analyse s'organise autour des deux volets constitutifs de cette politique criminelle que sont le volet répressif et d'aide aux victimes, ainsi que le volet préventif.

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37

Wood, Erin. "The Discriminative Stimulus Properties of the Atypical Antipsychotic Ziprasidone in Rats". VCU Scholars Compass, 2007. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd_retro/70.

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Ziprasidone (ZPD) is an atypical antipsychotic drug (APD) that has been shown to fully substitute in C57BL/6 mice for the discriminative stimulus properties of the atypical APD clozapine (CLZ). In rats, however, it has failed to substitute for either 1.25 mg/kg or 5.0 mg/kg training doses of CLZ. Here the discriminative stimulus properties of ZPD were examined by training 19 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats to discriminate 2.0 mg/kg ZPD from vehicle in a two-lever drug discrimination procedure (ED50 = 0.07 mg/kg). The atypical APD CLZ produced full substitution (ED50 =0.76 mg/kg), as did the atypical APDs zotepine (ED50 = 0.63 mg/kg), olanzapine (ED50 = 0.25 mg/kg), quetiapine (ED50 = 0.93 mg/kg), and risperidone (ED50 = 0.09 mg/kg). The 5-HT2A antagonist ritanserin also fully substituted for ZPD (ED50 = 1.27 mg/kg). Partial substitution (2A/B/C receptors play an important role in the discriminative stimulus properties of ZPD and perhaps the ratio of binding to 5-HT2A/B/C and D2 receptors. While it will be necessary to test additional APDs, these initial findings suggest that ZPD drug discrimination may be a useful model to differentiate atypical from typical APDs.

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38

Warsame, Abdihakim Barre. "Ethnic Prejudice and Discrimination of the Somali Minority Groups : The Image Of The Other As An Enemy". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-174834.

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This study aims to investigate how the mechanisms of discrimination, othering, prejudice and enemy imaging work in conflict and non-conflict zones. The study further explored if the informants stories differ when in conflict zones. Enemy images theories were used as the theoretical base to investigate how the Somali majorities construct the enemy image of the Somali minorities (The Somali Bantusand the occupational groups). The aim and research questions are answered through a comparative case study that focuses on interviewing two Somali minority groups (occupational groups and the Bantu Somalis) who have the experience and lived both in Somalia (conflict context) and Somaliland (non conflict context). The result sof the study show that the majority of Somali clans use the delimitation between “them and us” a set of values that separate the two groups and characterize the minority groups as slaves and people of low social, economic, and political status. The majority groups perceive the minority groups as a threat to their assets and corevalues. This is what has been described as "our" and "their" essence, and the final aim, which is to legitimize violence, is clear in the data. While on the other hand, the majority groups referred to themselves as superior. The results indicated that there were no differences and only similarities in the narratives of the minority groups living in both conflict and non-conflict zones. This was an interesting discovery which was against the known and expected ideal. This thesis also suggests other ways of looking at the concept of enemy images suggesting further areas of research where deemed necessary.

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39

Philibin, Scott D. "The Discriminative Stimulus Properties of the Atypical Antipsychotic Clozapine in C57BL/6 Mice". VCU Scholars Compass, 2006. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1318.

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Serotonin and α1 adrenergic receptor antagonism may contribute to atypical antipsychotic drug effects. Clozapine (2.5 mg/kg) drug discrimination in C57BL/6 mice may selectively screen atypical antipsychotic drugs. Previous data show that the atypical antipsychotics olanzapine, risperidone, ziprasidone but not the typical antipsychotic haloperidol fully substitutes for clozapine. The present study demonstrated that the atypical antipsychotics quetiapine, sertindole, zotepine, iloperidone, melperone fully substituted for clozapine but aripiprazole did not. The typical antipsychotics fluphenazine and perphenazine failed to fully substitute for clozapine but chlorpromazine and thioridazine fully substituted for clozapine. This model does not differentiate between atypical and typical antipsychotic drugs but it may be useful in the detection of antipsychotics with potent serotonin and α1 adrenergic receptor antagonist actions.

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40

Eubanks, Janie P. "The effects of stability, group norm, and social dominance orientation on ingroup bias in high power groups /". free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9946254.

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41

Jounin, Nicolas. "Loyautés incertaines : les travailleurs du bâtiment entre discrimination et précarité". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00182439.

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A partir du cas du bâtiment, et plus précisément du gros œuvre en région parisienne, cette recherche veut analyser les contradictions pesant sur le travail salarié, partagé entre : 1) Son aspect de marchandise (vente simple de force de travail, conçue comme bien détachable de l'individu). 2) Et l'impossibilité de faire entièrement du travail salarié une marchandise comme une autre, de détacher l'individu de sa force de travail, de considérer les travailleurs comme d'interchangeables fournisseurs. L'octroi d'un statut, même implicite, accompagne et dépasse toujours la dimension purement contractuelle du salariat ; il encadre la fourniture de force de travail, la qualité du travail, et la loyauté du travailleur. Ce qui ne signifie pas que le statut octroyé aux travailleurs du bâtiment est uniforme : au contraire, alors que les garanties statutaires historiquement constituées autour du salariat s'y trouvent diminuées, les statuts conférés aux travailleurs sont divers, réinventés localement, liés à des liens personnels, et parfois à l'ethnicité. Dès lors, les modalités de « disparition » et d'« apparition » du travailleur comme personne doivent être reliées aux conditions de la production. Ce qui amène à formuler cette thèse : contre les risques contre-productifs d'un travail marchandisé où le seul ressort de la fourniture de force de travail est la discipline (par la surveillance en chantier, mais aussi les statuts d'emploi, le chômage, les conditions de séjour...), le secteur du bâtiment développe parallèlement aux mécanismes de marché des protections ponctuelles, locales, informelles, créatrices de loyautés, qui dépassent le contrat de travail. Ces protections prennent la forme d'allégeances individuelles, mais aussi de « préférences ethniques », de discriminations racistes (la valorisation des uns impliquant la dévalorisation des autres). Le passage entre ces deux formes de protection est assuré par la généralité du recrutement par cooptation.

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42

Jounin, Nicolas. "Loyautés incertaines : les travailleurs du bâtiment entre discrimination et précarité". Phd thesis, Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA070009.

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"A partir du cas du bâtiment, cette recherche veut analyser les contradictions pesant sur le travail salarié, partagé entre : 1) son aspect de marchandise, 2) et l'impossibilité de faire entièrement du travail salarié une marchandise comme une autre. L'octroi d'un statut, même implicite, accompagne et dépasse toujours la dimension purement contractuelle du salariat : il encadre la qualité du travail et la loyauté du travailleur. Ce qui ne signifie pas que le statut octroyé aux travailleurs du bâtiment est uniforme : au contraire, alors que les garanties statutaires historiquement constituées autour du salarial s'y trouvent diminuées, les statuts conférés aux travailleurs sont divers, réinventés localement, liés à des liens personnels, et parfois à l'ethnicité. Dès lors, les modalités de "disparition" et d' apparition du travailleur comme personne doivent être reliées aux conditions de la production. Ce qui amène à formuler cette thèse : contre les risques contre-productifs d'un travail marchandise où le seul ressort de la fourniture de force de travail est la discipline (par la surveillance en chantier, mais aussi les statuts d'emploi, le chômage, les conditions de séjour), le secteur du bâtimenl développe parallèlement aux mécanismes du marché des protections ponctuelles, locales, informelles, créatrices de loyautés, qui dépassent le contrat de travail. Ces protections prennent la forme d'allégeances individuelles, mais aussi de " préférences ethniques ", de discriminations racistes (la valorisation des uns impliquant la dévalorisation des autres). Le passage entre ces deux formes de protection est assuré par la généralité du recrutement par cooptation. "
This research aims at analysing how much work is weighed down with contradictions based on the case of the buiding trade of Paris: 1) Work as a good, 2 ) however it remains impossible to voew work as a regular. The purely contractual dimension of the wage earning always comes with the granting of a status, even an implicit one. That status sets the labour force supply, the quality of work as well as the loyalty of workers. Nevertheless, the status granted to workers in the building trade is not even. On the contrary, whereas general guarantees of wage earning are reduced, the status of workers varies. They are locally reinvented arid due to personal bonds, and sometimes they are linked to ethnicity. Therefore, the means according to which a worker "disappears" or "appears" as a person must be connected to the conditions of production, which leads to the present argument: the building sector has to avoid the counterproductive risks due to the merchandization of work, where the supply of the labour force relies only on discipline (field supervision, employiiigntjtatuses, unemployment, residence conditions. . . ) It gives rise to different forms of protections which are exceptional, local and Informal and lead to loyalties way beyond the work contract. These protections appear out of individual allegiances ethnic, preferences and racist discriminations (valorizing some individuals implies depreciating others). The path between one protection to the other is ensured by co-option recruitment

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43

James, Morrison-Knight. "Experiences of Immigrant Entrepreneurs in the Falafel Trade in Malmö". Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23641.

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This research investigates how immigrant entrepreneurs in the falafel business in Malmö position themselves in relation to the host society. Interviews with five immigrant entrepreneurs in the falafel trade were conducted to explore their life stories, business endeavours and their relations with the host society. The data was then analysed to establish the degree to which they feel embedded in different arenas of the host society and their society of origin. This study confirms the disadvantageous position of immigrants in Swedish society, though demonstrates the various strategies they utilise to improve their situation through entrepreneurship. The study, the first of its kind in Malmö, is important in the context of rising xenophobia in Sweden and segregation in the city.

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Crespin, Renaud. "Appropriation et régulation publique d'un instrument biologique, la carrière sociale des tests de dépistage du VIH : une étude comparative". Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010341.

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L'étude comparée des trajectoires du test VIH (France, Etats-Unis, Canada et Pays-Bas) dans plusieurs espaces d'activités (assurances, organisations carcérales, emploi et études épidémiologiques) montre que la demande d'usage de ce type d'instrument est forte dans les secteurs concernés par l'évaluation du risque. Le parcours social du test VIH est analysé par le biais des processus de régulation publique et privée qui cadrent ses usages. Ce processus dynamique soulève des controverses marquées par des phénomènes d'auto-régulation dans les espaces traités. Leur étude permet, d'une part, de spécifier différents types d'appropriation des instruments de dépistage selon leurs propriétés socio-techniques et les registres d'actions auxquels ils participent et, d'autre part, de poser le problème de leur identité. Celle-ci continue à être négociée selon l'évolution des contextes d'appropriation, des acteurs mobilisés et des ensembles normatifs hétérogènes destinés à en réformer l'usage.

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45

Safi, Mirna. "Le devenir des immigrés en France : barrières et inégalités". Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00257581.

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Cette thèse de doctorat s'intéresse au processus d'intégration des immigrés en exploitant des données issues des recensements, qui réunissent à la fois la richesse de la période d'observation (1968-1999) et des groupes d'immigrés (environ une dizaine), et confronte les analyses statistiques obtenues à partir de ces données à une littérature internationale sur les modes d'intégration des immigrés. Cette approche dont l'originalité réside dans le choix de traiter le processus d'intégration dans sa multidimensionalité, de creuser les questions de causalité entre ces dimensions et de mettre l'accent sur la multiplicité des acteurs qui y participent, apporte des avancées à la connaissance du parcours des immigrés et met en lumière les obstacles et les inégalités caractéristiques de ce dernier. L'ensemble des résultats révèlent une forme de stratification ethnique de la société qui apparaît cruciale que l'on traite de caractéristiques géographiques de distributions spatiales, de caractéristiques économiques de participation au marché du travail, de caractéristiques de la vie familiale ou encore d'accès à la nationalité. Elle répond également à la dialectique dominante dans les travaux sur l'intégration entre dimensions structurelles et dimensions culturelles de cette dernière. Les résultats obtenus invalident fortement toute thèse d'un hiatus culturel entre les « nouveaux migrants » et la population native. C'est l'intégration structurelle qui semble problématique en France, notamment pour les groupes d'immigrés qui souffrent le plus de pratiques discriminatoires.

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46

El, Sakka Fathia. "Palestinian Refugees in Exile: A Case Study of Palestinian Refugees in Ein El Hilweh Camp, Lebanon". Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23936.

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The aim of the study is to examine the current Palestinian refugees’ situation in the biggest refugee camp in Lebanon. The research questions of this thesis are: How are Palestinians integrating into Lebanese society? What are the experiences of Palestinian refugees in Lebanon? How do Palestinian refugees identify themselves? Through the interviewees’ perceptions of their situations, this study provides their viewpoints regarding the position of Palestinian refugees in Lebanon. This thesis utilises qualitative interviews to collect data and analyse the interviews of five participants who are third- and fourth-generation Palestinian refugees. The Palestinian refugees’ situation is studied by applying the theories of social integration, structural discrimination, and social identity. Through the analysis of the five interviews, it was revealed that three main factors dominate the Palestinian refugees’ situation in Lebanon: their integration and how difficult it might be to integrate, their experiences that are presented by the restrictions Palestinian refugees face, and their identity, how they identify themselves.

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47

Ristic, Natalie. "MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS OF FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH STUDENT’S EXPERIENCES OF BEING BADLY TREATED, HARASSED AND DISCRIMINATED - A SECONDARY ANALYSIS OF THE MALMÖ UNIVERSITY STUDENT HEALTH SURVEY". Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-26226.

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International and national reports and research have shown that between 12-75 % of the students at universities have experiences of being badly treated/humiliated, harassed or discriminated by staff or fellow students, at least once during their university studies. A newly published report by Malmö university is of importance because this report includes a broader range of variables that have a connection with experiences of being badly treated, harassed or discriminated. Nevertheless, the report is limited because the results are based on bivariate regression analysis on binary variables and thus, does not control for other correlated variables. The aim of the current thesis is to improve the results by using multivariate logistic regression. The results indicate that using multivariate logistic regression narrows down the number of significant variables, which corresponds with the complexity of interaction in everyday life, providing a more realistic perception of the interaction of the dependent variables.

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48

Johansson, Maja. "Diskrimineringsersättning som ideell ersättning : Med särskilt fokus på diskriminering och trakasserier av kvinnor". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för ekonomistyrning och logistik (ELO), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-78642.

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In accordance to the Swedish Act on Discrimination, chapter 5 section 1, a person that violates the forbidden discriminartiongrounds has to pay for the damages in order to compensate the victim for the damage the action caused. Since the Swedish Legal System is controlled by EU-law it is of importance to interpret some of EU directives on discrimination within the Swedish Act. The directives statues that all sanctions on discrimination should be effective, proportionate and dissuasive. The aim of this thesis is to investigate discrimination compensation as a non profit replacement especially regarding the harassment of women. The compensation comprises of an amount of money and came in year 2009 as a new form of sanction for discrimination in Sweden. It has two purposes, to compensate the individual for the violation and to prevent discrimination in society. The Labour Court has interpreted the sanction differently compared to the Supreme Court, where the assessments are more based on statements from the legislature. The investigated practice from the Labour Court shows that the compensation for women is pretty much the same, even if talking about different actions. It does not seem like the judges has discussed the exposure of women which the author means could help fullfilling the aim with the compensation, to prevent discrimination.

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Bros, Catherine. "Castes in India : implications of social identity in economics". Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00608674.

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Cette thèse s'inscrit dans le courant de pensée qui vise à réintégrer les institutions et l'identité sociales en économie. Dans cette thèse, nous présentons un modèle qui décrit la ségrégation comme un des équilibres provenant d'une distribution inégale du pouvoir sans que des préférences ségrégationnistes n'aient besoin d'être spécifiées. Dans le second chapitre, nous montrons que la caste détermine le statut social perçu des intouchables et des tribus. Néanmoins, d'autres facteurs comme le revenu, la profession et dans une moindre mesure l'éducation ont aussi une importance. De plus la caste a un effet à la fois direct et indirect, ce dernier s'exprimant par une influence réduite du revenu sur le statut social perçu. Dans le troisième chapitre, nous mettons en évidence la persistance des pratiques d'intouchabilité. Nous montrons que le nombre de crimes contre les intouchables est positivement relié à une distribution communautaire de l'eau. Les règles de castes prohibent le contact des intouchables avec les sources d'eau des castes supérieures. Bien que ces règles soient anticonstitutionnelles, elles sont encore largement appliquées et de manière violente. A priori, ces règles ne concernent pas uniquement l'eau mais aussi une grande partie des biens publics, ce qui laisse à penser que ces derniers sont en réalité des biens de club ou de caste. Ce dernier point est étudié dans le chapitre 4 où nous montrons qu'il existe du patronage de castes. En conclusion, nous proposons des pistes de recherche, visant, essentiellement, à améliorer la compréhension de la formation des identités sociales et les raisons de leurs mises en exergue.

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Aeberhardt, Romain. "Mesurer la discrimination sur le marché du travail". Phd thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0085.

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Cette thèse est composée de quatre articles, essentiellement empiriques, portant sur la discrimination sur le marché du travail. Le premier article s'intéresse à l'emploi et aux salaires des Français d'origine maghrébine, le deuxième à leurs salaires et leur accès au statut de cadre, le troisième à l'hétérogénéité de leurs écarts d'emploi, et le quatrième reprend les données d'un testing visant à mesurer l'impact d'un passé carcéral sur l'accès à l'emploi aux États-Unis. La valeur ajoutée de ces articles est double. Premièrement ils fournissent de nouveaux éléments empiriques sur la situation des Français d'origine étrangère sur le marché du travail : les écarts d'emploi et de salaires avec la population de référence sont élevés, mais une fois prises en compte les différences entre les populations (âge, diplôme, etc. ), l'essentiel des écarts de salaire disparaît. Au contraire, une part substantielle des écarts d'emploi et de proportion de cadres demeure. De plus, nous proposons une description originale de l'hétérogénéité des écarts d'emploi qui montre que ceux-ci sont relativement importants pour les individus dont les taux d'emplois seraient les plus faibles dans la population de référence, alors que pour ceux dont les taux d'emploi théoriques sont plus élevés ces écarts inexpliqués sont beaucoup plus faibles. Deuxièmement, ces articles apportent des éléments méthodologiques pour mesurer les discriminations. Les trois premiers articles essaient d'incorporer les idées et les notations utilisés dans la littérature sur l'évaluation des politiques publiques. Le quatrième tente d'apporter un éclairage sur les méthodes habituellement utilisée dans les études de testing
This thesis is composed of three mostly empirical papers related to discrimination on the French labor market and one methodological paper using American data. The first one focuses on the wages and the employment status of French workers of Maghrebian origin, the second one focuses on their wages and hierarchical positions, the third one focuses on the heterogeneity of their employment gap relative to French workers whose parents were French at birth, and the fourth one re-examines the data from a controlled experiment assessing the impact of a criminal record on the probability of being hired. The value added of these papers is twofold. First they provide new evidence regarding the situation of second generation immigrants on the French labor market. Differences in wages and employment are high. However, once taken into account individual characteristics (age, qualification, etc. ), most of the wage gaps disappear, but substantial differences in employment and hierarchical positions remain. Moreover we provide an original description of the heterogeneity of the employment gap showing that it is wider for the individuals whose characteristics are associated to the lower employment probabilities (as identified in the reference population) than for those with the higher ones. Second, these papers bring methodological material to study discrimination. The first three papers try to incorporate notations and ideas which are now standard in public policy evaluation and consequently raise new issues regarding the decompositions of wage and employment gaps. The fourth article tries to discuss the methods commonly used in paired audit studies

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