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Zhong, Weifeng. "Identity, racial confrontation, and the decline of class". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42664494.
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Thomas, Melvin E. "Race, class and the quality of life of black people". Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/87664.
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Wilson (1980) argued that social class has superseded race as the most important determinant of life chances for black Americans. His statements have sparked a heated debate in the sociology of race relations. This dissertation is an empirical test of the “declining significance of race" thesis in relation to the quality of life of black Americans. It assumes that "life chances” include not only economic criteria but also the possibility of attaining a happy, satisfying, and healthy life. Two perspectives on the relationship between race and well-being were distinguished. The “class" perspective identifies the source of the problems blacks face as increasingly a class phenomena rather than one of race. The “race” perspective sees race as increasingly the source of the problems blacks face. These two perspectives were tested using data from three different sources: the NORC General Social Survey; the Quality of American Life, 1971 and 1978 (Campbell and Converse, 1971, 1978); and Americans View Their Mental Health, 1957 and 1976: Selected Variables (Veroff, Douvan and Kulka, 1978). The effects of race and class (and other demographic variables) were compared across the years of each survey on selected measures of subjective well-being. The results revealed a persistent race effect on all of the quality of life measures except for the scales measuring psychiatric symptoms. Most of the race effects persisted even when controlling for social class, sex, marital status, and age across all the years examined. These results support the "race" perspective that “being black" is detrimental to the psychological well-being of blacks regardless of their social class status. There was, however, no discernible trend of race increasing or declining in significance--only its continuing significance.Ph. D.
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Boda, Zsófia. "Friendship based on race or race based on friendship? : the co-evolution of friendships, negative ties and ethnic perceptions in Hungarian school classes". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:1b8543cc-486c-4f2d-a89f-2982f21dd32f.
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This thesis focuses on the dynamic interplay between race and social ties. Even though in sociological studies, race is usually treated as a cause of social segregation, we argue that this is a two-way process. Our approach distinguishes between racial self-identifications and racial perceptions. In the first part of the thesis, we focus on the joint effects of these aspects on the prevalence and emergence of social ties in secondary school communities. The second part investigates social effects on racial perceptions. For the analyses, we take a social networks approach, estimating exponential random graph and stochastic actor-oriented models. First, we take a look at the state of racial segregation in friendships and negative ties within communities, and we investigate the dynamic processes that have led to the described state. We also take endogenous network mechanisms into account. We provide evidence that given an initial state of segregation, reciprocity and clustering can maintain the relative infrequency of cross-race friendships in the group, even without (additional) same-race preference. Further, we find that negative ties describe interracial segregation better than friendships: majority students tend to dislike their minority peers, but no such tendencies were found for friendships. Second, we find that minority students tend to overperceive their friends' similarity to themselves in terms of race. Moreover, there is evidence for social influence: classmates tend to accept each other's, especially their friends', opinions about their peer's race. Altogether, both empirical parts of the thesis suggest a hierarchical relationship between the majority and the minority groups: besides majority students' tendency to exclude their minority peers, those who try befriending majorities - but get rejected by them - are more likely to be perceived as minorities. There are also indications of some minority students showing outgroup preference, while others seem to compete against the majority group. This can contribute to the observed emergence of enmity between minority students.
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Poata-Smith, E. S. Te Ahu, i n/a. "The political economy of Maori protest politics, 1968-1995 : a Marxist analysis of the roots of Maori oppression and the politics of resistance". University of Otago. Department of Political Studies, 2002. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070508.153703.
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This thesis provides a Marxist analysis of the political economy of contemporary Maori protest politics in the years from 1968 to 1995. It is argued that Maori protest politics embraces a range of competing political ideologies, which are informed by different assumptions about the causes of Maori inequality in wider society, and in turn, different sets of strategies for ameliorating and transcending that inequality.
Overall, the thesis has two central concerns: firstly, it identifies the critical economic, political and ideological conditions and context that have allowed particular competing political ideologies and strategies to dominate contemporary Maori protest politics. This involves a particular focus on understanding and explaining the rise of identity politics and cultural nationalism as the dominant political strategy within Maori protest politics. This involves a particular focus on understanding and explaining the rise of identity politics and cultural nationalism as the dominant political strategy within Maori protest politics. Secondly, the thesis critically assesses the effectiveness of contemporary Maori struggles against racism and oppression on the basis of whether they involve, or are likely to contribute towards, the transformation of the generative structures that give rise to manifest inequalities between Maori and non-Maori. It is argued that the systematic alienation of land and the inequality that exists between Maori and non-Maori are not simply the result of the underlying cultural values of individual non-Maori but are rather the result of the historical process of capitalist development in Aotearoa and the economic, political and ideological requirements necessary for the generalised commodification of indigenous labour-power.
The thesis explores how the politics and practice of Maori protest has been shaped and influenced to a large extent by the underlying social, economic, political and ideological forces of global capitalism. It is argued that the international collapse of the long boom, the global upturn in class struggle and the emergence of the New Left internationally from the late 1960s had an enormous influence on the political direction of Maori protest in the New Zealand context. The success of the working class offensive and the growing political influence of rank and file Maori workers ensured that Maori protest groups formed part of the progressive social movements of the time. Indeed, although some were explicitly nationalist in their orientation, these movements were consciously part of the Left.
The balance of political forces within the Maori protest movement changed considerably during the late 1970s and early 1980s with the rise of the New Right as a political force internationally together with the rise of employer militancy, the defeat and demoralization of the working class movement internationally, the decline of the social movements and the absence of mass struggle. This had important implications for the influence of the various ideological factions that co-existed uneasily in the Maori political milieu from the early 1970s onwards. The downturn in militant mass struggle saw the rise in the influence of identity politics as cultural nationalist strategies came to dominate Maori protest politics, representing a fundamental retreat from Left-wing ideas. In practice this entailed a rejection of the class politics and mass struggle that had informed the politics and strategies of Maori protest groups from the late 1960s, and its replacement with a politics of cross-class alliances and a personal rejection of �Pakeha society�. In practice this was a recipe for passivity and divisiveness within the Maori protest movement itself.
The politics of cultural nationalism left Maori ill-equipped to resist the ruling class counter-offensive and the anti-working class policies that successive governments introduced to restore the conditions for profitable capital accumulation. In particular, the rejection of a class analysis of Maori inequality in capitalist society has undermined the capacity of working class Maori to resist the neo-liberal agenda and a Treaty of Waitangi settlement process that has resulted in a substantial shift in resources to those sections of Maori society already wealthy and powerful. Although the settlement process represented an important concession by the state, it has never compensated for the anti-working class policies of governments since 1984, which have widened the social and economic inequalities in New Zealand society. In this way, the emphasis on cultural identity alone as the determining factor in Maori oppression has been counter-productive for working class Maori as successive governments shifted the costs of the economic crisis on to the weakest sections of the community.
As New Zealand entered a new period of economic and social crisis in the 1990s, the commercial interests of Maori tribal executives, Maori corporate enterprises, and the Maori bureaucracy were clearly at odds with the material interests of the vast majority of working class Maori families. This fundamental conflict in class interests was to set the scene for a revival of militancy on scale not seen since the 1970s.
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Marko, Tamera Lynn. "When they became the nation's children : the foundations of pediatrics and its raced, classed, and gendered (re)inventions of childhood in Rio de Janeiro, 1870-1930 /". Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF formate. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3208809.
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Zhong, Weifeng, i 鐘偉鋒. "Identity, racial confrontation, and the decline of class". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42664494.
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Kellow, Alexa. "Refugee community organisations : a social capital analysis". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2011. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/192895/.
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This thesis considers how refugee-led community organisations generate social capital for their service users. The concept of social capital has become popular in policy debates in recent years, and previous research has attributed social capital creation for their service users to refugee community organisations (RCOs). This research aimed to analyse the process by which social capital is created by refugee community organisations, and what this means for the members of these organisations in terms of resources. The potential of the current political and economic climate to affect individual asylum-seekers and refugees, and refugee community organisations is considered, with particular emphasis on the funding situation for RCOs. Data was collected via an eight-month case study with an RCO for ethnic-Albanians in London. Interviews and focus groups with staff, volunteers and service users were held. To further understand the broader context in which RCOs are operating, interviews were also held with professionals that work with refugee community organisations, either as representatives of funding bodies, or as capacity-builders. A questionnaire survey of refugee community organisations with income over a certain threshold in London was also carried out in order to further contextualise the findings from the case study. Data from the researcher’s observation journal, the interviews and focus groups was analysed using software Nvivo 8 software. Woolcock’s work on social capital was used in combination with Rex’s typology of immigrant association functions. It was found that in the case study there was strong evidence of bonding and linking social capital. These social capital connections enabled service users to access a wide range of resources. There was less clear evidence of bridging social capital creation. Data from interviews with professionals and the survey revealed that other RCOs work, or at least, aspire to work, in the same way as the case study RCO to create social capital for their service users. The case study also revealed that working in partnership with specialist agencies was key to the success of the RCO, a finding that was also supported by the other data. Finally, the research found that funding uncertainty is an ongoing difficulty for many RCOs.
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Alam, Fazlul. "Social relations and migration : a study of post-war migration with particular reference to migration from Bangladesh to Britain". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1995. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/585/.
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The objective of this thesis is to study the phenomenon of postwar migration both theoretically and empirically with a view to establishing relationships between social relations and migration. Migration is studied here within a conceptual framework of mode of production, relations of production, hegemony, and cash nexus. The historical aspects of migration are acknowledged throughout. The thesis then studies the theories of migration that are available and traces their developments. In this process, the thesis discovers ideology in many migration theories and literature. It selects three specific problematics of the postwar migration, named as 'zonal imbalance', 'mother country' migration, heavy representation of people who form lower SEGs. By examining these three closely, the thesis reveals many erroneous conception and notions about the postwar migration. In this process, the thesis rejects 'individualistic' and 'voluntary' actions in postwar migration. For the empirical part, Bangalee migration from Bangladesh to Britain has been chosen for its typicality and other reasons. Both quantitative and qualitative research methods have been used. Two control groups, one in Britain, (migrants) and another in Bangladesh (non-migrants, who had had the opportunity to migrate at some point in time, but did not) have been studied in as much depth as possible. The findings of the experience of the respondents are offered in relation to the historical evidence, particularly the relations of production in Bangladesh, and migration history of Bangladesh. Despite the basis of a small universe used in this research, international and historical persepectives have always been borne in mind. The objective remained the study of the totality of migration. Having taken the views of those who did not migrate (non-migrants) at a time when 'everyone was going', this research can claim to be a unique way of exploring a sociological phenomenon by negative investigation. The concluding part is in two chapters. In the first, the thesis has attempted to develop four new categories of migration to end the debate who can or cannot be called a migrant. It then exposes the myths of migration. Having established that socio-cultural transition migration, which is one of the four categories developed in this chapter, is the major concern of most migration studies, the thesis argues that a subtle process of 'branding' exists in the matters of encouraging migration to a country, whether the country is situated in the 'First World' or in the NICs. In fact, since '90s, the trends in the global population movements have changed so rapidly and radically that all older theories fail to explain the new phenomenon. The thesis argues that in order to understand 'migration', one has to study the changes that have occured in the social relations, emanating from changes in their relations of production. Finally, the thesis asserts that the phenomenon of human migration can possibly be explained within the conceptual framework chosen. It concludes that social relations play a major role in migration and offers a definition towards developing a sociological theory of migration.
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Cornwell, Gareth. "Ambiguous contagion the discourse of race in South African English writing, 1890-1930". Thesis, Rhodes University, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002269.
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This study explores representations of race and racial difference in the writing of white South Africans in English, between the years, approximately, of 1890 and 1930. The first chapter essays a theoretical and historical investigation of the concept of race and offers a narrative of the rise of Western racialism. Its conclusion, that race has functioned as a vehicle of displacement for other forms of difference in the competition for advantage among social groups, is qualified in Chapter Two by the postulate of an anthropologial absolute, the "ethnic imperative", to help account for the strategic emergence of racialism in specific historical circumstances. The role of the ethnic imperative in the moral economy of colonial South Africa in the years 1890-1930 is examined through the analysis of three representative texts. In Chapter Three, a wide range of primary material is canvassed for prevailing views on the "Native Question", the perceived social threat posed by the half-caste, and the "Black Peril", culminating in the detailed examination of a fictional text. A particular concern in both Chapters Two and Three is the imagery of disease and contagion in terms of which racial contact is typically represented. The following chapter situates the literary works discussed in the study in the context of the South African literary tradition, then uses the example of selected short stories to indicate some narratological problems encountered by the writer with a racialist agenda within the medium of realist fiction. Chapters Five and Six investigate, through the close reading of selected novels, thematic concerns rooted in the intersection of the discourse of race with those of gender and social class. The final chapter reveals how William Plomer's novel, Turbott Wolfe, represents a volatile synthesis of a standard discourse on social class, an acknowledgement of the ethnic imperative, the imagery of contagion, and a principled repudiation of racialism, in a multi-faceted, modernist, and partially self-aware fashion. The more salient conclusions reached by this study concern the inadequacy of purely materialist analysis to account for the phenomenon of racialism, the historically determined link between racial attitudes and sexuality, and the manifest incompatibility of racial ideology with the liberal humanism inscribed in the formal requirements of the realist work of fiction.
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Tanyanyiwa, Precious. "Race, class and inequality: an exploration of the scholarship of Professor Bernard Magubane". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003112.
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This thesis begins with the assumption that the theory of academic dependency provides an adequate framework within which the relationship between social science communities in the North and South can be understood. Present problems of social scientists in the South have very often been attributed to this dependence and it has been concluded that academic dependence has resulted in an uncritical and imitative approach to ideas and concepts from the West (Alatas, 2000). This dependence has also resulted in the general regression among social scientists based in the South and in a marginalisation of their works within the social science community no matter how significant and original they may be. The problematic invisibility of the works of prominent South African scholars is a dimension of a wider crisis of academic dependence, if unchecked this current trend will also reinforce academic dependence. From the nature of the problems generated by academic dependence, it is obvious that there is a need for an intellectual emancipation movement. This movement may take different forms that may range from but are not limited to a commitment to endogeneity which involves among other things, knowledge production that takes South African local conditions seriously enough to be the basis for the development of distinct conceptual ideas and theories. This requires transcending the tendency to use ‘the local’ primarily as a tool for data collection and theoretical framing done from the global north. Secondly, there is a need to take the local, indigenous, ontological narratives seriously enough to serve as source codes for works of distinct epistemological value and exemplary ideas within the global project of knowledge production. Endogeneity in the context of African knowledge production should also involve an intellectual standpoint derived from a rootedness in the African conditions; a centring of African ontological discourses and experiences as the basis of intellectual work (Adesina, 2008: 135). In this study, it is suggested that the recommendations highlighted above can only succeed if scholars make an effort to actually engage with locally produced knowledge. There is therefore a need to make greater efforts to know each other’s work on Africa. This demand is not to appease individual egos but it is essential for progress in scientific work. African communities will benefit from drawing with greater catholicity from the well–spring of knowledge about Africa generated by Africans. In the South African context, transcending academic dependence in the new generation of young academics requires engagement with the work of our local scholars who have devoted their lives to knowledge production. This thesis explores the scholarship of Professor Bernard Magubane by engaging with his works on race, class and inequality by locating his works within the wider debates on race, class and inequality in South Africa. The specific contributions of Professor Magubane to the enterprise of knowledge production are identified and discussed in relation to his critique of Western social science in its application to Africa. The making of Professor Magubane’s life, his career, scholarship and biography details are analysed with the intention of showing their influence on Magubane as a Scholar. The examination of Professor Magubane’s intellectual and biographical accounts help to explain the details, contexts and implications of his theoretical paradigm shifts. This helps prove that Professor Magubane’s experiences and theoretical positions were socially and historically constituted. The research from which this thesis derives is part of an NRF-funded project, on Endogeneity and Modern Sociology in South Africa, under the direction of Professor Jimi Adesina.
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Davis, Richard. "The making of an insurgent group : a case study of Hamas, vox populi and violent resistance". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2014. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/951/.
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The critical gap in scholarship on power-seeking insurgent groups is to understand whether those groups adapt violent expression as a function of popular support. If such a relationship does exist, how does it work and under what conditions do violent acts increase or decrease? To understand these questions, one must understand that the ideals that make up power-seeking insurgent groups are malleable, requiring stratagem and guile in the face of internal and external violent and non-violent influence. To sustain the capacity to project violence, a power-seeking insurgent group must maintain the support of a significant portion of its host population. Without the populace’s tolerance or acceptance of violence, this agenda would not be supported over time. This reality creates a dynamic between the insurgent group and its host population, which is bi-directional, and creates profound implications for the nature of violent expression and is largely based upon environmental conditions. This research delves into these questions about insurgent groups by developing a case study on the power-seeking insurgent group Hamas and its host population, the Palestinian people. The empirical examination begins with the group’s formation in 1987 (and refers to foundations much earlier) and ends with the events of June 2014. During this period, the group, like other insurgent groups, has been suspended between its quest to achieve the values of its ardent supporters and the desire to grow popular support. By slightly modifying Max Weber’s theoretical premise that political groups must balance values with responsibilities, we can better understand how Hamas has managed the tension between supporters who demand continued violence against Israel and those that do not. With newly assembled datasets constructed by the author on Hamas’s violent acts and public statements, Israeli Targeted Killings, historical measures of popular support and extensive field interviews, the thesis offers a unique theoretical perspective on the nature of insurgent group violence by demonstrating under what conditions the group exercises violent resistance or refrains from doing so. For example, the research shows that Hamas violence against Israel follows Palestinians’ support for violence, countering the commonly held idea that Hamas acts as a vanguard of the Palestinian people. It also shows that the nature and method of Hamas violence against Israel changed once it had territorial control of Gaza. Finally, the methodological approach used in this case study can serve as a model to better understand the origins and dynamics of powerseeking insurgent groups elsewhere.
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Maudet, Marion. "Sécularisation, genre, sexualité : des catholiques et des mulsuman·e·s en quête de sens (années 1970-années 2010)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0195.
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Les paysages religieux et sexuels se caractérisent, en France, par des mutations communes, caractérisant la dynamique plus large de sécularisation de la société française. Ils sont traversés par des processus de diversification des pratiques, de pluralisation des répertoires d’action et d’individualisation des normes, tout autant que par le maintien de cadres sociaux régulant les conduites. Le contexte religieux français est marqué par la perte d’influence institutionnelle de la religion catholique et par la diminution des appartenances catholiques, par l’importance croissante des individus ne déclarant aucune appartenance religieuse, ainsi que par l’affirmation de l’islam. Il s’agit en effet d’une religion jeune, dynamique, et souvent socialement minorée et racialisée. Ces évolutions – tout autant que l’histoire différente du catholicisme et de l’islam en France – interrogent la forte visibilité publique et médiatique d’une frange religieuse mobilisée autour de questions de genre et de sexualité. Pour mieux comprendre ces phénomènes, le travail de thèse questionne l’articulation entre genre, sexualité et religions en France depuis les années 1970, en s’appuyant sur les pratiques et représentations sexuelles des catholiques et des musulman•e•s. L’analyse utilise deux types de matériaux : trois grandes enquêtes de population sur la sexualité en France (1970, 1992, 2006) et une sur la conjugalité (2013), ainsi que des entretiens biographiques auprès de personnes se déclarant catholiques et musulman•e•s. Le croisement de ces deux matériaux permet d’étudier, dans une perspective comparative, l’évolution des conduites sexuelles des femmes et des hommes selon leur religiosité. Le répertoire sexuel des individus, qu’ils soient catholiques, musulmans ou sans religion d’appartenance, est diversifié et étendu. Les pratiques sexuelles se rapprochent entre catholiques et personnes sans religion (âge d’entrée dans la sexualité, masturbation, pornographie), tandis que la sexualité des musulman•e•s est marquée par des écarts de genre importants et des pratiques en lien leur position minoritaire dans l’espace social (comme le recours à la prostitution pour les hommes). Les représentations associées à la famille et à l’homosexualité se résument à trois grandes configurations, selon l’attachement des personnes au couple, à la procréation et à l’hétérosexualité. La religion détermine en partie ces positionnements, qui s’inscrivent toutefois dans des parcours biographiques et des expériences sexuelles plus larges. La thèse montre de plus comment s’imbriquent les trajectoires religieuses et sexuelles des femmes et des hommes à partir de leurs parcours de vie et de leur position dans les rapports sociaux (de classe, de genre, de race). La religion apparaît, selon le contexte, comme une ressource (culturelle, sociale ou symbolique) pouvant être utilisée dans la recherche d’un•e partenaire et euphémiser ou renforcer des logiques de sélection sociale. Les entretiens éclairent les manières dont les individus s’approprient leur religion, tant dans leurs discours que dans les discours sur leurs pratiques, mais aussi les façons dont ils subjectivent les normes et les (re)constituent a posteriori, en relisant leurs expériences biographiques. In fine, la thèse apporte des clés pour mieux comprendre le processus de sécularisation en France. La sexualité des catholiques et des musulman•e•s offre un point de vue original sur la manière dont les individu•e•s se constituent comme sujets. Elle apporte un nouveau sur les formes que prend la normativité sociale, dans une société sécularisée, au sein de laquelle les sources normatives sont nombreuses et peu hiérarchisées. Enfin, elle démontre que la religion renvoie à des rapports sociaux combinés, dans une société traversée par des inégalités de genre, de classe, de race et de sexualitéThe French religious and sexual landscapes share certain mutations that characterized a larger dynamic of secularization. They are structured not only by processes that diversify practices, multiply the available choices for action, and individualize norms, but also by the persistence of social frameworks that regulate behaviour. The state of religion in France is characterized by the Catholic faith’s loss of institutional influence and a reduction in church membership, a growing number of people stating no religious affiliation, and the specific position of Islam. The latter is a young, dynamic religion that is often understated and racialized in social space. These changes—and the differing histories of Catholicism and Islam in France—explain and interrogate the high public and media visibility of a religious fringe concerned with questions of gender and sexuality. To better understand these phenomena, the thesis examines the links between gender, sexuality and religion in France since the 1970s, on the basis of the sexual practice and representations of Catholics and Muslims. My analysis uses two types of material: three major population surveys on sexuality in France (1970, 1992, 2006) and one on conjugality (2013), together with biographical interviews with respondents who identify as Catholics and Muslims. The combination of these research materials provides a comparative perspective on the development of sexual behaviour among women and men according to their religiosity.The range of sexual behaviour among individuals, whether Catholic, Muslim or non-affiliated, is wide and diversified. Practices (first sexual experience, masturbation, pornography) are becoming more similar between Catholics and the non-affiliated, while Muslims’ sexuality is characterized by major gender differences and practices related to their minorized position in social space (such as men’s use of prostitutes). The perceptions of family and homosexuality fall into three major patterns, according to the respondents’ attachment to life as a couple, childbearing and heterosexuality. Religious commitment to some extent determines these positions, which are also situated within broader life stories and sexual experience.The thesis also demonstrates how women and men’s religious and sexual trajectories are connected on the basis of their life stories and place in power relationship (class, gender, race). In some cases, religion may be a resource (cultural, social or symbolic) for finding a partner and underplaying or reinforcing processes of social selection. The research interviews throw light on the ways in which respondents appropriate their religion, in what they say about it and about their behaviour, and the ways they subjectivate norms and (re)construct them in hindsight as they review their life experiences.The thesis offers new insight into the process of secularization in France. The sexuality of Catholics and Muslims provides an original view of the way men and women establish themselves as subjects. It sheds new light on the various forms of social normativity in a society where normative sources are multiple and non-hierarchical. Finally, it demonstrates that religion is only socially significant in a society structured by gender, class, race, and sexual inequalities
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Stephan, Lea. "Social policies and racial questions : from the Great Society to Obamacare". Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU20120/document.
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Cette thèse propose un éclairage inédit sur la stratégie politique employée par le président Barack Obama pour réduire les inégalités raciales ; ceci dans un contexte dominé par le fort ressentiment de la population blanche envers les politiques sociales en général et les mesures dites « raciales » en particulier. La présente analyse s’appuie sur l’exemple spécifique de la réforme de santé Obamacare, fruit d’une stratégie politique soigneusement et prudemment choisie, mais qui a vu le jour au terme d’une bataille houleuse. La réforme fut élaborée dans un contexte d’extrême polarisation partisane en matière de politique sociale et de questions raciales, mais aussi au sujet de l’intervention de l’État. Ayant pour but la création d’une législation significative quoique politiquement acceptable, Obama a opté pour une stratégie politique de neutralité raciale en ciblant toutefois des problèmes spécifiques aux Afro-Américains. Ainsi, cette thèse démontre en quoi cette tactique s’est basée sur des considérations tant de faisabilité politique que d’efficacité afin de répondre aux besoins économiques spécifiques à la population noire. Il s’est également agit d’analyser comment l’administration Obama a réussi, après presque un siècle de tentatives infructueuses, à promulguer une loi mettant en place un système de couverture de santé universelle ; loi que les attaques répétées du Parti républicain ont profondément mutilé. Nous démontrons enfin qu’à l’instar de la non-extension de Medicaid qui a particulièrement nuit à la population noire, la réforme d’Obama, puisque basée sur un système préexistant, a finalement ravivé les problèmes de stratification racialeThis dissertation examines the political strategy used by President Barack Obama to address racial inequalities in a context dominated by a rejection of social policies in general, and race-specific initiatives in particular. This analysis is based on the example of health care reform. The legislation known as Obamacare, passed in 2010, which is composed of two Acts, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act, was the result of a careful political strategy and a heated political battle. Obamacare was enacted in a context of strong partisan polarization around issues of social policies, racial inequalities, and the scope of government intervention. To achieve meaningful, yet politically acceptable, legislation, Obama chose a race-neutral, but issue-focused approach. This approach was mainly based on considerations of political feasibility, but also on considerations of efficiency in furthering black economic interests. Thus, this dissertation examines the foundation, application, and outcome of Obama’s political strategy as applied to health care reform. On the one hand, his administration managed to enact comprehensive health care reform after almost a hundred years of frustrated attempts. On the other hand, subsequent Republican attacks maimed the reform. Moreover, as the reform was built on the existing system, previous issues of racial stratification resurfaced. The non-extension of Medicaid was particularly detrimental to African-Americans. Yet, despite its imperfections, Obamacare, by creating for the first time a system of universal health care coverage in the US, has contributed to make public opinion more favorable to a single-payer system, in other words, a fully government-run health care system
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Kasengele, Kalonde Mwango. "Do social comparisons matter in relation to health and wellbeing?" Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2011. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3298/.
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This thesis explores the relationship between social comparisons and health and wellbeing as a possible explanation for health inequalities. This is because, although inequalities in health have been observed in Britain since occupational and mortality statistics were first published in 1851 (Macintyre, 1997), the underlying reasons remain a subject of much debate. This thesis adds to the debate by focusing on one of the most influential arguments in recent decades; that, in developed countries, perceptions of place as a class context in the socioeconomic hierarchy is a psychosocial risk factor related to ill health (Wilkinson, 1992; Wilkinson, 1996). However, despite being implied as the central mechanism in his psychosocial pathway, surprisingly, Wilkinson has given little attention to the process of social comparisons. His reliance on large scale epidemiological data to make inferences at an individual level is unsatisfactory since it offers no understanding of the dimensions of people’s social comparisons and how this may be linked to health and wellbeing. The main aim of this study was, therefore, to investigate the scope and nature of social comparisons amongst people living in proximal socio-economically contrasting neighbourhoods, their perceptions of class and inequality and how this might impact on health and wellbeing. In-depth interviewing was the main methodology, supplemented with media analysis and participant observation in order to gain an understanding of the study areas. A total of 33 interviews were conducted with parents from Drumchapel and Bearsden. These areas were chosen because they were strikingly different class contexts, Drumchapel representing a working class area and Bearsden a middle class area. As Wilkinson focuses on between-class comparisons, the selection of these proximal neighbourhoods provided a good opportunity to investigate the extent to which people make comparisons between classes. Insofar as lay theories map on to explanations of health inequalities, this study found little support for Wilkinson’s assertion that perception of place in the social hierarchy is the determining factor in relation to health and wellbeing. Firstly, unlike his suggestion that social comparisons are more common with decreasing social class, the process was found to be a widespread social phenomenon which people across the hierarchy utilise for both self-evaluation and self-enhancement. Secondly, in contrast to Wilkinson’s focus on a single economic hierarchy, this study found compelling evidence that people often utilise complex multiple status hierarchies that can include material and non-material factors like speech, social mannerisms, moral respectability, education, and family upbringing when making social comparisons. In this respect, though Wilkinson’s call for income redistribution policies is admirable, it would not necessarily eliminate feelings of relative deprivation because status differences can exist even in the most economically equal societies. Thirdly, whilst factors like globalisation, the rise in consumerism, and expansion of the mass media have made people more aware of inequalities in society, comparisons with ‘similar others’ like neighbours, friends, family members, and work colleagues were found to be still the most salient reference groups. Further support for this was that status distinctions within classes (e.g. between ‘old’ and ‘new’ money in Bearsden and ‘rough’ and ‘respectable’ in Drumchapel) were more important than those between classes. Lastly, and most importantly, there was little indication that a psychosocial explanation is at the forefront of people’s minds in accounting for health inequalities. To begin with, none of the participants spontaneously suggested a psychosocial mechanism; instead, those in Drumchapel were more likely to suggest material/structural factors whilst Bearsden participants tended to advocate behavioural/cultural explanations. Furthermore, although there was evidence to suggest that ‘some’ people may be vulnerable to similar negative effects of social comparisons they perceived as impacting on others (including anxiety, stress, pressure and depressive state), such effects appeared to be minimal since they were reported to occur only at particular periods in people’s lives. The fact that this thesis was centred on Wilkinson’s psychosocial hypothesis is testimony to the enormous contribution he has made to the health inequalities debate. However, in examining the association between social comparisons and health and wellbeing, the conclusion drawn from this study is that the role of social comparisons in the psychosocial mechanism may have been exaggerated.
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Arab, Arwa. "The role of social-problem solving and social support and their relation to well-being in young Saudi women". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2011. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/192727/.
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This study investigates the role of social-problem solving and social support as mediators and moderators of the relationship between stressful life events and adjustment, experienced by young students in Saudi Arabia. The study sample involved 630 college students and 390 high school students. Both qualitative and quantitative methodologies were used. Semi-structured interviews (Chapter 4) conducted with twelve university students showed that the chief problems that the students experienced were mainly interpersonal and personal. Students reported that they used a rational problem solving style and avoidance; rather than other styles. Translation and modification of original western cultural measures, testing psychometric properties and finding new factors of the translated scales was undertaken (Chapter 5 and 6). Reliability and validity for all the scales were acceptable. The Life Satisfaction of Young Saudi Women scale was specifically developed for the current study, and proved a reliable and valid means of assessing the populations. The empirical investigation contained two related studies (Chapter 7 and 8), using self-completion questionnaires administered to both populations. They showed that dysfunctional social-problem solving dimensions partially mediated the stress-distress relationship in both samples. Social support was found to partially mediate stress-life satisfaction only in university students. However it was found to partially mediate stress-distress relationships in the school sample. In terms of moderating effects, path analysis results showed that the path representing dysfunctional socialproblem solving dimensions significantly interacted with stress to predict a high level of distress. Results also indicated that social support moderated the relation between stress and distress in both samples. In Chapter Nine, several avenues for implication and future research are suggested in the areas of theory, measurement and applied research
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Kokab, Farina. "Understanding health beliefs and lifestyle practices in relation to social support in the Pakistani community, West Midlands, UK". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6860/.
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South Asians, specifically Pakistanis, living in areas of socio-economic deprivation across the UK, have an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The purpose of this research was to explore how social networks function as a source of support and information (social capital) in creating lifestyles associated with CVD prevention in a migrant, minority-ethnic Pakistani population. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were carried out using an interview guide and the convoy model diagram to elicit participant’s responses on social networks, community interactions and lifestyle choices (diet and exercise). A total of 42 participants across three migrant generations, diverse educational and occupational backgrounds, men and women aged 18 years and above participated. Framework analysis was used to analyse transcripts and organise codes, themes and categories. Findings distinguished a diverse narrative amongst men and women with regards to making lifestyle choices and gaining access to social support within or outside of the Pakistani community. Conclusively, engagement beyond familiar community contexts could provide greater or novel sources of support and information for pursuing (at times) non-traditional, healthier lifestyles. Understanding shifting perceptions of health in relation to religion, culture and ethnic-identity could provide primary care practitioners with a better understanding of how to treat high-risk patients.
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Draper, Rebecca Cupples. "At-risk students' perceptions of the impact of popular culture and the media on their lives". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2005. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-1209104-133937/unrestricted/DraperR011105f.pdf.
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Bellay, Susan. "Pluralism and race/ethnic relations in Canadian social science, 1880-1939". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ57503.pdf.
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Kushnick, Louis. "Race and class : racism and the reproduction of class-based societies : studies of Britain, the United States and western Europe". Thesis, University of Manchester, 1996. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.669670.
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Lloyd, Emily Paige. "Race Deficits in Pain Authenticity Detection". Miami University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1531912112953475.
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Singh, Gurnam. "Race and social work from 'black pathology' to 'black perspectives'". Bradford : Race Relations Research Unit, 1992. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/27378616.html.
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Pittman, Cassi. "Race, Social Context, and Consumption: How Race Structures the Consumption Preferences and Practices of Middle and Working-Class Blacks". Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10648.
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The contemporary experience of race in America demands that blacks become astute observers of their surroundings, required to read subtle social, interactional and environmental cues to determine how to appropriately engage others in order to gain respect and social acceptance. Consumption objects, whether physical or material goods or services and experiences, are symbolic tools that blacks mobilize in order to define and assert themselves wherever they may be. Market research reveals that divergent patterns of consumption exist along racial lines. Blacks outspend whites in three central categories: apparel, personal care, and electronics and technology. Sociological research on consumption, however, has inadequately addressed how race influences blacks' consumption. Claims that blacks are conspicuous consumers are pervasive in both popular and academic works, and research indicates that blacks' consumption is, at least partially explained by status considerations, yet no comprehensive, empirically grounded theory exists to account for the contextually determined, symbolic and strategic use of goods by middle and working-class blacks. In my dissertation entitled “Race, Social Context, and Consumption: How Race Structures the Consumption Preferences and Practices of Middle and Working-class Blacks,” I offer an account of blacks' consumption that addresses this gap in the literature. I analyze qualitative interview data collected from 55 blacks residing in the New York City area, focusing on blacks' consumption preferences and practices in three social arenas: where they live, where they work, and where they play. Through examining middle and working-class blacks' consumption I show the ways that race remains salient in blacks' everyday lives; affecting their routine practices and marketplace interactions. Blacks differ as consumers as a consequence of a history of racial alienation, segregation, and discrimination in public settings, which has resulted in their use of goods to mitigate racial stigma, but distinct patterns of consumption emerge as blacks mobilize consumption objects to express and affirm their racial identities. This dissertation demonstrates that whether consumption goods are used to contest racial stigma or to express feelings of racial affinity, in both instances blacks' consumption preferences and practices reflect their reactions to the settings in which their consumption is enacted.
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Irvin, Clinton R. "Perceptions of race influenced by individual interactions the ambassador effect /". Ohio : Ohio University, 2005. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1127232347.
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Coe, Aaron Daniel. "Chinese Merchants and Race Relations in Astoria, Oregon, 1882 - 1924". PDXScholar, 2011. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/422.
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A large wave of Chinese immigrants came to the United States in the second half of the nineteenth century. Employment, mainly in the salmon-canning industry, drew thousands of them to coastal Astoria, Oregon. Taking the period between the first Chinese Exclusion Act in 1882 and the Immigration Act of 1924, this thesis focuses on the Chinese merchants in Astoria and their importance for our understanding of race relations in the town during these years. Specifically, the merchants help to make sense of how the Chinese related to the local white population, as different sources suggest different trends of amiability and hostility. Newspapers testify that local Chinese gained acceptance during the period, going generally from vilified outcasts to respected members of the community. Immigration case files, however, show that officials displayed little resistance to Chinese in the early exclusion years, but worked harder to deny Chinese applications toward the end of this period. So, from one body of records it seems that white Astorians grew more tolerant of Chinese during these years, while the other document set shows a rise in conflict with the immigrants. This apparent contradiction can be reconciled by considering the demographic changes in the Chinese immigrant community during this period, along with class biases and the role of merchants in immigration and social interactions.
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Pak, Maylian Joan. "Poverty, race, and community organization : social and environmental justice in Eugene, Oregon /". view abstract or download file of text, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p1428002.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Oregon, 2005.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 121-129). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Small, Charles. "Social theory : an historical analysis of Canadian socio-cultural policies, #race' and the #other'; a case study of social and spatial segregation in Montreal". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307461.
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Hudson-Richards, Julia Anne. "The Orange Proletariat: Social Relations in the Pais Valenciano, 1860-1939". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/196110.
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This dissertation examines the formation of an agro-industrial working class within the citrus industry of Valencia, Spain. In a region that was historically defined by intensive agricultural production for market, the citrus industry in Valencia became the dominant economic sector in the decades prior to the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War in 1936. Its workers, straddling the agricultural and the industrial, the rural and the urban, entered into a socio-economic relationship with the rural bourgeoisie in charge of the industry. This relationship was administered through the formation of jurados mixtos (mixed commissions), associations, and citrus cooperatives that directed the harvest, worked out export contracts, began irrigation projects, and organized labor. World War I produced a crisis within the industry due to the collapse of export markets and the lack of available shipping. Workers and small farmers suffered the brunt of the effects, and as a result, their relationships with the bourgeoisie began to break down. By the declaration of the Second Republic in 1931, workers and farmers had become far more politicized and dissatisfied. As landowners and commercial agents fled Valencia after the outbreak of war in 1936, workers and smallholders banded together in collectives, based on the established tradition of cooperation, to preserve the harvest and direct orange exports, the profits of which were increasingly important in the face of prolonged conflict.I rely heavily on documentary evidence from local journals and newspapers, political organizations, contemporary photographs, and local associations. Utilizing gender and labor theory and theories from cultural studies, I show the process of proletarianization through an examination of the labor culture within Valencia in order to complicate our categories of agricultural and industrial work and how the people of Valencia created a regional identity based on orange production.
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Kennedy, Amanda Elizabeth. "The social rules of engagement : race and gender relations in civil war reenactment /". Connect to resource, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1120587297.
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Yee, June Ying. "A theoretical analysis of racism in social service agencies from a critical perspective". Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23698.
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Much debate on the conceptualization of race and racism currently exists in the literature. By applying a critical approach to the study of the racism, it will be the basis from which to embark on a theoretically informed review of the literature, and to be able to apply my theoretical framework, which is composed of the following concepts: culture, power and dominance to the problem of racism in social service agencies. Specifically, an examination of current approaches, and the introduction of anti-racism strategies as a viable solution will be documented. It is concluded that there is a need to (1) challenge and modify the current knowledge base on racism in social service agencies; and (2) a need to provide social workers and policy-makers with the necessary tools to combat racism in social service agencies.
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Colman, Richard Geoffrey. "A comparative evaluation of personal social and youth service responses to youth of foreign origin and their communities in West Germany and the United Kingdom". Thesis, Leeds Beckett University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240204.
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Motta, Daniele Cordeiro 1986. "Desvendando mitos : as relações entre raça e classe na obra de Florestan Fernandes". [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/281581.
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Orientadores Fernando Antonio Lourenço, Plínio Sampaio de Arruda Sampaio JuniorDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T20:04:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Motta_DanieleCordeiro_M.pdf: 827671 bytes, checksum: b47579b4ebe3fc7ff7cccdc9c4258c5f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012
Resumo: Este trabalho se propõe a analisar as relações entre raça e classe na obra de Florestan Fernandes. Para tal analisamos a construção histórica das categorias usadas pelo autor através da leitura dos livros que vão desde a Integração do negro na sociedade de classes (1964) até a Revolução Burguesa no Brasil (1975), passando por outras obras escritas entre as décadas de 1960 e 1970. Pensaremos, portanto, as importantes modificações teóricas na obra do autor a partir das transformações do cenário sociopolítico brasileiro. À luz da formação de sociedade de classes no Brasil a nossa reflexão sobre a obra de Florestan focaliza as permanências do "passado no presente". Por isso, a análise do legado da escravidão e suas conseqüências no plano econômico, social, político, cultural e moral conduziram a nossa reflexão para pensarmos as limitações e dificuldades enfrentadas pela "população negra" no Brasil e, dessa forma, refletirmos a respeito das imbricações entre raça e classe na formação social brasileira
Abstract: This study aims to analyze the relationship between race and class in the work of Florestan Fernandes. Therefore we analyzed the historical construction of the categories used by the author in the books like A Integração do negro na sociedade de classes (1964), Revolução Burguesa no Brasil (1975), passing through other works written between the 1960s and 1970s. We think, therefore, important changes in the theoretical work of the author from the socio political transformations of Brazilian scene. In light of the formation of class society in Brazil our reflection about the work of Florestan focuses on the permanence of the "past in the present." Hence, the analysis of the legacy of slavery and its consequences at the plan economic, social, political, cultural and moral, led our reflection to evaluate the limitations and difficulties faced by the black population in Brazil and thus we reflect about the imbrications between race and class in Brazilian social formation
Mestrado
Sociologia
Mestra em Sociologia
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Naidoo, Rajambal. "Law as an instrument of social change : the Race Relations Act (RRA) of 1976". Thesis, City University London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.393810.
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Walker, Marquita R. "Perceptions of educational attainment on intragenerational social mobility : individual agency within class structure /". free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3164547.
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Hollis, Awhina, i n/a. "Puao-te-Ata-tu and Maori social work methods". University of Otago. Department of Social Work and Community Development, 2006. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070430.125845.
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This research project critically engages with Maori social workers in order to develop an understanding of their practice methods and to ascertain whether they have changed since the 1980's. This will include a particular focus on the influences of the Puao-te-Ata-tu report (1986) on Maori practice methods and the perspectives of Maori social workers within social service organisations. Kaupapa Maori research and Qualitative methods inform this research project. Eight Maori social workers are interviewed and their discourses are examined in relation to the changing cultural, political and economic enviroment in the 1980's. The findings show that Maori social work methods are underpinned by tikanga Maori and that these have not changed significantly since the 1980's. The Puao-te-Ata-tu report was also found to be highly influential to Maori social work in general, however it did not have a direct effect on the practice methods of Maori social workers. The research project concludes with recommendations from both the participants and the researcher. These recommendations lay emphasis on the importance of educational institutions and social service organisations implementing the Puao-te-Ata-tu report and tikanga as a means of improving services for Maori.
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Brown, Syreeta. "The Relationship Between Social Attitudes and Race-Based Affirmative Action". Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2005. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/744.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucfBachelors
Arts and Sciences
Psychology
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Scrinzi, Francesca. "Les migrant(e)s dans les emplois domestiques en France et en Italie : construction sociale de la relation de service au croisement des rapports sociaux de sexe, de race et de classe". Nice, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NICE2002.
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Les migrant(e)s dans le service domestique en France et en Italie : construction sociale de la relation de service au croisement des rapports sociaux de sexe, de race et de classe. Cette thèse, basée sur une enquête ethnographique, s'attache à dégager les articulations des rapports sociaux de sexe, race et classe dans l'organisation et la construction sociale des rapports de travail dans le service domestique en France et en Italie. La race y est entendue comme le produit d'un travail de sélection e naturalisation de traits physiques et culturels divers dans le cadre de rapports de pouvoir historiquement situés. Les notions de " différence sexuelle " et de " différence culturelle " sont envisagées comme des catégories essentialisées, qui sont mobilisées de manière entrecroisée par les divers acteurs sociaux dans les rapports de travail, et également comme des clivages autour desquels se produisent des discriminations mais aussi des résistancesMigrant women and men in the domestic service sector in France and Italy. The social construction of the service relation at the intersection of gender, and class. In recent years, throughout the European Union there has been an increase in demand for domestic services. This demand is fulfilled by migrant undocumented women working in the informal sector. This doctoral thesis, based on ethnographic data, explore the interplay of gender, “race” and class in the material organisation and discursive construction of work relations in the domestic service sector in France and Italy. On the one hand, ideas of “cultural difference” and “femininity” are embedded and negotiated in daily recruitment and training practises. On the other hand, in theirs interactions with recruiters, trainers and employers, migrant women challenge these racialising representations and manipulate them in order to obtain
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Baudry, Aurélie. "Rapports de Classes et Relations Sociales à Bristol à l'Époque Victorienne". Phd thesis, Université du Sud Toulon Var, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00600516.
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Cette thèse examine la question des rapports de classes et des relations sociales dans la ville de Bristol au XIXe siècle. A cette époque, la ville se dessine comme une ville relativement peu industrialisée, à l'économie très diversifiée, aux secteurs d'emploi variés et conservant des modes de production préindustriels. Nous nous interrogeons sur les conséquences sociales d'un développement si particulier. En nous inspirant des travaux révisionnistes, nous suggérons que des phénomènes de continuité ont également joué un rôle sur les relations sociales. L'étude d'une tradition locale philanthropique exceptionnelle ainsi que celle d'un attachement marqué à la religion nous permettent de démontrer de quelle manière ces traditions ont pu conditionner les rapports entre les classes. Nous analysons ensuite les mécanismes de contrôle social utilisés afin d'institutionnaliser les rapports de classes. Nous étudions également le développement du syndicalisme et évaluons la popularité du mouvement travailliste avant de nous interroger sur l'émergence d'une conscience ouvrière à Bristol. Nous cherchons donc à comprendre de quelle manière la combinaison de tous ces paramètres a pu façonner les rapports entre les classes et nous tentons de déterminer leurs conséquences sur la nature des relations entre les groupes étudiés. Nous aspirons donc mettre en lumière les situations de domination, de conflit, de contrôle social mais aussi de consentement, de coopération et de consensus.
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Cassidy, Kevin Dayl. "The other-race effect in face perception and recognition : contributions of social categorisation and processing strategy". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3487/.
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The other-race effect refers to the impoverished individuation and recognition of other-race faces relative to own-race faces. The aim of this thesis was to investigate non-racial ingroup/outgroup categorisation, inter-/intra-racial context, and encoding conditions as signalling cues that affect own- and other-race face processing. Across eight experiments using both behavioural and neuroimaging methods, I demonstrated (1) that the context in which own- and other-race faces are encountered can determine the salience of racial category membership, with implications for how (and how much) non-racial ingroup/outgroup status influences own- and other-race face perception, (2) that task demands can lead perceivers toward more or less configural processing regardless of target ingroup/outgroup status, with implications for the influence of non-racial ingroup/outgroup status, and (3) that both racial and non-racial ingroup/outgroup status have the potential to influence the early stages of face perception. These findings both support and extend the Categorisation–Individuation Model, yielding a more comprehensive insight into the other-race effect.
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Auvert, Anne-Julie. "Les écritures populaires aux marges du droit social : plaintes, litiges, protestations". Paris 8, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA083968.
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Comment lire ces milliers de lettres de particuliers adressées à des administrations de l’État social pour obtenir une aide, un soutien, une prise en charge ? Le fait d’être obligé d’écrire sur sa situation personnelle afin d’accéder à un droit peut-il devenir un moment fort de réflexivité dans lequel se pose la question de la définition de soi ? Que se joue-t-il dans ces prises d’écritures ? Cette thèse étudie plusieurs corpus de lettres à l’intérieur desquelles les auteurs se dévoilent, racontent les problèmes de leur vie ordinaire, demandent et essayent d’obtenir une protection. À travers des lettres recueillies au sein d’une main courante de police des années 1950, des écrits qui lient les chômeurs aux agents de Pôle emploi et des missives reçues par un quasi-ministère, on découvre les injonctions qui pèsent sur leurs auteurs, sommés de donner ou d’actualiser des éléments de leur situation personnelle pour entrer dans les cases du droit social ou faire valoir leur droit. L’analyse porte aussi sur le mot à mot, sur ce que les lettres condensent et cherchent à produire, ce sur quoi elles pensent agir. En retour, et parce qu’elles peinent à entrer dans les armatures administratives et juridiques, les réponses négatives suscitent de nouvelles prises d’écritures. N’est-ce pas dans ce jeu circulaire que se forment à la fois des manières de se définir et des codifications en acte qui ne cessent de renvoyer les auteurs à leurs propres affaires ? Ici, l’écrit est bien un moment problématique, à la fois familial, économique et personnel. Comme geste réflexif et comme coopération aux catégories de l’État, il actualise un rapport social qui lie l’intime et le politiqueHow can one read thousands of letters addressed by individuals to welfare state bureaucracies in order to get an aid, support or supervision ? If one is compelled to write about his personal situation to have access to a right, does it lead to a reflexive moment and to a redefinition of one’s social identity ? What is at stake in those settings to writing ? This dissertation analyzes several corpus of letters in which their authors reveal themselves, tell problems of their ordinary life, asking for and trying to obtain a protection. Throughout thousands of letters – written complaints notified to a police station in the 1950s, writings linking the unemployed with agents of an employment agency, letters received by a quasi-Department – one discovers injunctions that bear upon their authors, summoned to give away or to actualize elements of their personal situation in order to fill the social law categories or to assert a right. This analysis also concerns the word-to-word level, based on what the letters condense and seek to produce, on what they think they are acting on. Because they can hardly fit in the administrative and juridical structures, negative answers lead to new instances of settings to writing. Don’t we have here a circular relation, where ways to define oneself and acting codifications keep sending the authors back to their privates affairs ? Here, the writing is a problematic moment, all at once familial, economical and personal. As a reflexive gesture and cooperation with state-defined categories, it actualizes a social relation linking intimacy to politics
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Schreck, Kimberly A. "Splitting heirs : gender, race, and the properties of unreconstructed households /". free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3144454.
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Rich, Meghan Ashlin. "Diversity block by block homeowners' perceptions of race, class, and neighborhood change in an integrated urban neighborhood /". Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 269 p, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1456284981&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Blaney, Elizabeth. "Tracing classed and gendered relations in education and social welfare policy discourses in New Brunswick". View this thesis online, 2006. http://libraries.maine.edu/gateway/oroauth.asp?file=orono/etheses/37803141.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of New Brunswick, Faculty of Education, 2006.Title from PDF title page (viewed on May 24, 2010) Available through UMI ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 334-379). Also issued in print.
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Kreitzer, Mark Robert. "A missiological evaluation of the Nederduitse Gereformeerde Kerk's new social theology (Church and society 1990)". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1997. http://www.tren.com.
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Stringer, Henry C. "A comparison of selected marital characteristics in black-white interracial marriages and same race marriages". Connect to resource, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1240592754.
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Campbell, Blaze Caprice-Amore. "Assessing Social Justice Perspectives Among Resident Assistants: The Impact of a Race Relations Inter-Group Dialogue". Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2015. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/311157.
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African American StudiesM.A.
This study was designed to assess a PWIs residential life department's initiative to provide their Resident Assistants (RAs) an opportunity to discuss race through an inter-group dialogue session. I argue that any activity that focuses on race needs to be grounded in a social justice framework. This is because this framework educates individuals about systematic social, political, and economic issues that plague our society. A social justice grounding also fosters a disposition that desires to eliminate institutionalized discrimination. As such, this study sought to answer the following research questions: how did this inter-group dialogue impact the RAs ability to recognize race-related issues in the United States and did this inter-group dialogue foster a social justice perspective among the RAs that participated? Through a content analysis of ten in-depth, semi-structured interviews with RAs who participated in the dialogue the findings suggest that RAs did gain an understanding of how different lived experiences effect how someone views societal race issues, but the inter-group dialogue did not foster a transformative perspective among RAs that were not already grounded in social justice. Recommendations to improve future sessions are provided.
Temple University--Theses
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Franks, Lynda. "Revisiting Invasion-Succession: Social Relations in a Gentrifying Neighborhood". PDXScholar, 2005. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2880.
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This thesis examines the social relationships of different residents in a gentrifying neighborhood in Northeast Portland, Oregon. It examines theoretical tenants in the social identity tradition to understand social change in terms of the impact of neighborhood change on the day-to-day interactions of individuals in a gentrifying neighborhood by exploring the ways in which different members of that neighborhood define and describe the terms “neighborhood”, “neighbor”, and “neighborly behavior”.
Intergroup neighboring research posits two outcomes of neighborhood change on interactions between old and new neighbors, one of conflict, the other of cooperation. The conflict perspective proposes that, in situations where new, higher income, better educated, socially dominant group members move into a previously lower-income, racially-mixed neighborhood, communication between old and new neighbors is limited by group differences in values and priorities.
Conversely, research in cooperative intergroup neighboring in times of change demonstrates that the different members can, under certain conditions, collectively act to address adverse changes to their shared environment. Conditions promoting between-group cooperation in a changing environment include a history of neighborhood political activism, an atypical ideological attraction to diversity, and the ability to articulate common interests and goals.
The thesis examines the applicability of these two perspectives through a qualitative case study of "neighboring" relations in a portion of King Neighborhood. It specifically seeks to understand how residents' stated perceptions and observed outcomes can be related to issues in class-classism, race-racism, and length of residence in the neighborhood or if other factors such as reasons for choosing this neighborhood, prior and recent experiences, and one's ideological/cultural worldview supersede economic-racial concerns.
The study found that the ‘different residents’ viewed neighborhood, in general, and their neighborhood and neighbors, in particular, through a variety of filters. While ‘race’ was mentioned in describing past interactions, respondents focused more on the broad, albeit mundane, factors of everyday life such as friendliness, approachability, and speaking rather than specific racial-ethnic or economic-class differences. These results are consistent with intergroup neighboring cohesion research showing that class and race are not readily important when neighborhood is viewed as a place of comfort, self-expression, or desired relaxation.
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Gasson, Ruth, i n/a. "Liberalism, communitarianism, fairness and social policy". University of Otago. Faculty of Education, 1998. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070528.122329.
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Communitarianism is an internationally contentious anti-liberal theory which is becoming increasingly popular in political philosophy. It commonly is employed to motivate and legitimate �identity politics� - a politics which is used to defend the rights of disadvantaged aboriginal minorities to maintain their traditional ways.
Recently �identity politics� has been exploited in mainstream poltical/educational academic literature in New Zealand, especially in literature that deals with Maori issues. This is significant because in the recent history of New Zealand, liberal political theory has been dominant.
Notions of rights and of fairness are fundamental to communitarianism and to liberalism, but communitarians and liberals hold very different ideas about what these notions involve. My PhD thesis compares their ideas and relates them to New Zealand. It views certain social and political issues in New Zealand, by way of liberal and then communitarian theories. It examines how liberalism and communitarianism have been, and can be, used to support and to legitimate particular policies and practices in terms of �fairness� and �justice�.
My work considers the explanatory and the practical application of communitarianism and liberalism with respect to their conceptions of human nature, political ideals, rights and rationality. It defends liberalism against the communities the protections they �need� in order to flourish. With respect to New Zealand it recognises that Maori have been treated unjustly by the crown, but argues that much of the injustice happened, not because of liberalism, but because liberal values were not upheld.
The thesis concludes that liberalism is better equipped than communitarianism to describe Maori and Pakeha relations, and to formulate a framework for positive and constructive trans-cultural policies that will respect both Maori and Pakeha cultures.
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Mullenite, Joshua. "Engineering Colonialism: Race, Class, and the Social History of Flood Control in Guyana". FIU Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3800.
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Overabundance and scarcity of water are global concerns. Across the world’s low-lying coastal plains, flooding brought on by sea level rise acts as an existential threat for a multitude of people and cultures while in desert (and increasingly non-desert) regions intensifying drought cycles do the same. In the decades to come, how people manage these threats will have important implications not only for individual and cultural survival, but also for questions of justice. Recent research on flooding and flood management probes the histories of survival, and adaptation in flood threatened regions for insights into emergent flood-related crises. However, scholars have thus far overemphasized the technical aspects of how engineered flood control systems functioned, overlooking both the specific social, political, and economic contexts within which past practices emerged and the social worlds that they helped create. This dissertation examines the social, economic, and political histories of flood control projects in the South American country of Guyana in order to understand the long lasting social, political, and environmental impacts of colonial-era projects.
To do this, I utilized archival data collected from the National Archives in London, UK, historical newspaper articles collected through online newspaper databases, press release statements from Guyana’s major political parties, and unstructured and semi-structured interviews with residents from coastal Guyana. These data were imported and analyzed using qualitative data analysis software in order to make connections across spatial and temporal scales.
The key finding of the dissertation is that, in Guyana, flood control engineering has historically played multiple social, political, and economic roles beyond the functional explanations assumed in many present environmental management discourses. Colonial engineering projects served as a way to protect colonizers from economic crises and social upheaval and were not just a means for protecting the coast from flooding. Additionally, the dissertation found that these projects were key to creating the racial geographies that helped to protect colonialism in its final years and which continue to shape coastal life today. Finally, the dissertation found that, after the end of colonialism, flood engineering projects were incorporated into larger projects of racialized regime survival.
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Le, Sommier Pascale. "Processus d'influence et enseignement : les reproductions d'oeuvre d'art présentées dans les classes d'un département, témoin de ce phénomène social". Rennes 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN20055.
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Les textes officiels émis par l'Education nationale prônent l'utilisation régulière de références artistiques dans les classes. La réalité est parfois bien différente. Nous proposons à la suite de nos mémoires de licence, de maîtrise et de D. E. A. , centrés sur l'exploitation pédagogique des œuvres d'art, d'étudier comment la sélection des reproductions d'œuvres d'art présentées en classe est un témoin du processus d'influence dans l'acte d'enseignement et permet de mettre en relief les pressions implicites ou explicites, complémentaires ou antagonistes, que subit l'enseignant pour introduire ou non des reproductions d'oeuvres en classe et pour les sélectionner. Pour analyser la complexité de ces rapports, coopératifs ou conflictuels, nous travaillons en ethno-éducation comparée en utilisant la méthode socio-éducative. Le lien qu'elle établit, à la fois, avec le sujet individuel observé et le sujet collectif, composé ici des enseignants d'un département, perçus dans toute leur globalité, donne la richesse à cette discipline. L'analyse typologisante empiriste nous permet d'obtenir huit types d'attitudes prises par les enseignants face aux trois paramètres auxquels ils doivent faire face. Nous montrons, à partir d'une analyse comparative des types obtenus, les écarts entre les valeurs des enseignants de chacun des types, celles des parents d'élèves et celles émanant des textes officiels. Ces écarts d'idéaux d'être à faire advenir ont des répercussions sur les résultats de l'éducation et sur les moyens mis à disposition ou souhaités. Puis, nous voyons que, de l'attitude des enseignants de chacun des types, découle une sélection particulière de reproductions d'œuvres d'art pour les élèvesThe official texts sent out by Education Nationale advocate the regular use of art references in the classroom. The reality is sometimes different. Further to our undergraduate, Masters and PhD theses focusing on the educational use of works of art, we intend to study how the selection of reproductions of artwork used in the classroom reveals the process of influence in the teaching act and highlights the implicit or explicit, complementary or antagonistic pressures to which the teacher is subject when deciding whether to show art reproductions in the classroom, and in the selection of these reproductions. We have chosen comparative ethno-education as our framework and used the socio-educational method to analyse the complexity of these co-operative or conflictual relationships, perceived as a global social phenomenon. Seen as a whole, the link established by this discipline both with the individual subject under observation and the collective subject, here made up of the teachers from one Department gives it its depth and originality. An empirical typological analysis enables us to identify eight types of attitudes taken by teachers when confronted by the three parameters they must face. Starting from a comparative analysis of the types identified, we approach the educational fact by studying the deviations between the values of the teachers from each type, those of the parents and those issuing from results and on the means desired or made available. We can then see that, depending on the attitude of each type of teacher, a specific selection of reproductions of works of art is made for the pupils
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Zielinski, Martin A. "The promotion of better race relations the Catholic Interracial Council of New York, 1934-1945 /". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1985. http://www.tren.com.
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