Rozprawy doktorskie: „Social changes”

1

Krasnobaieva, A. D. "The essence of social changes". Thesis, Sumy State University, 2015. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/40469.

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The whole modern world is associated with profound changes. They affect all spheres of human civilization. If the society hadn‘t changed, it would have died. The concept of "social change" in sociology is used to describe the dynamics in the society. But nowadays the term "social change" is not used in the sociology. In the social sciences and in practical politics there is a concept of "social development", which means a certain kind of social change that is directed towards the improvement, complications improvements. However, there are many other social changes that can‘t be recognized like changes in the direction of cultivation. Therefore, the concept of "social change" has become widespread. Social change does not involve any changes in any sphere (economic, political, spiritual),it involves changes in social systems, social stratification, social communities, social processes, institutions, organizations and their interactions.

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2

譚棣華 i Dihua Tan. "Political and social changes in Guangdong". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31239341.

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Shang, Xiaoyuan. "Institutional changes in China's social security system". Thesis, University of Sussex, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262720.

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Guo, Ching Q. (Ching Qing). "Blogonomics : business and social changes from the blog". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/44707.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design and Management Program, 2008.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 93-100).
Back in 2003, Blogs as well as wikis started the Web 2.0 frenzy with online community networks and user generated content. Web 2.0 has recently cooled down, but it may have started a new era. The purpose of this paper is to explore the blogonomics - the business, as well as social, changes blogs have brought to us. It applies system thinking to analyze blogs, from blog elements (forms) to blog systems, and then to major components in the blog ecosystem. This paper focuses on the returns on blogs (ROB), mainly the business impact. Blog marketing, including word-of-mouth marketing (WOMM) and blog ads, has been discussed extensively along with the business models that can monetize blogs. It also proposes to use blogs as innovative tools for collaboration and content management. This paper primarily targets companies interested in the benefit from blogs. Furthermore, it hopes to explore a few innovative blog business models for entrepreneurs and serve anyone who is genuinely interested in blogs and Web 2.0.
by Ching Q. Guo.
S.M.

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5

Mills, K. L. "Social development in adolescence : brain and behavioural changes". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2015. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1468865/.

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The period of life between puberty and adulthood, adolescence, has perplexed adults for millennia. Adolescence is marked by significant physical, cognitive, and social changes. Social lives become more complex during adolescence, and the teenage years are when we hone our skills at navigating the social world. The aim of my thesis was to examine brain development and social interactions during the period of adolescence. I conducted three brain imaging experiments to investigate typical developmental trajectories of brain structure between childhood and adulthood. These three studies used a large longitudinal dataset and mixed-effects modelling in order to account for individual differences. My first study found evidence that intracranial volume continues to develop through the second decade, and describes the consequences of intracranial volume correction procedures on developmental studies. The second study provided evidence for the hypothesis that subcortical brain regions involved in processing affect and reward structurally mature before prefrontal cortical regions involved in cognitive control to varying degrees across individuals. The third study found evidence for continued structural development regions of the brain involved in understanding other people between late childhood to early adulthood. My behavioural experiment showed that keeping track of non-social information impacts the ability to navigate social interactions in adolescents and adults. In addition to these four empirical studies, I conducted three reviews to synthesise and update our understanding of a) adolescence as a potential sensitive period for social learning, b) what longitudinal structural brain imaging studies can tell us about brain development, and c) the evidence for how using the Internet could impact brain development in adolescence. Overall, my findings shed new light, and challenge current theories, on brain development and social cognition during adolescence.

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Bolenz, Florian, Andrea M. F. Reiter i Ben Eppinger. "Developmental Changes in Learning: Computational Mechanisms and Social Influences". Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-232296.

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Our ability to learn from the outcomes of our actions and to adapt our decisions accordingly changes over the course of the human lifespan. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in using computational models to understand developmental changes in learning and decision-making. Moreover, extensions of these models are currently applied to study socio-emotional influences on learning in different age groups, a topic that is of great relevance for applications in education and health psychology. In this article, we aim to provide an introduction to basic ideas underlying computational models of reinforcement learning and focus on parameters and model variants that might be of interest to developmental scientists. We then highlight recent attempts to use reinforcement learning models to study the influence of social information on learning across development. The aim of this review is to illustrate how computational models can be applied in developmental science, what they can add to our understanding of developmental mechanisms and how they can be used to bridge the gap between psychological and neurobiological theories of development.

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Falayi, Menelisi. "Understanding social-ecological changes in Fairbairn village, Eastern Cape". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/7408.

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The world is becoming increasingly complex and uncertain due to increasing levels of social- ecological change. Rural communities in sub-Saharan Africa are faced with multiple interconnected challenges such as population growth, environmental change, economic recession and climatic changes, amongst others. Such challenges can play a key role in determining vulnerability and food security, particularly for natural resource product- dependent societies that have limited livelihood sources. Studies that consider understanding how society and ecosystems simultaneously interact and respond to new and exacerbated drivers are increasingly needed. Therefore, this study was conducted in Fairbairn village, Eastern Cape, South Africa with the purpose of exploring multi-scale historical processes and current related trends in livelihood and environmental change, and the implications for future trajectories under a changing climate. This study applied social-ecological thinking and several conceptual approaches were combined to provide a lens for exploring the changes taking place. These included, inter alia, complexity theory, social-ecological systems, the sustainable livelihoods approach and the Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services framework and principles. The study employed a mixed method approach to gather data, which included a household survey, aerial photography, historical records as well as Participatory Learning and Action, focus group discussions, and Participatory Scenario techniques. Quantitative data were analysed using Excel and Statistica version 13, whilst coding was used for thematic analysis of qualitative data. The main objective of this study was to explore multi-scale historical processes and current related trends of livelihood and environmental change, and the implications of these for future trajectories under a changing climate. Livelihood and landscape changes in Fairbairn village are embedded within a history of direct state intervention and more recently, improvements in basic service delivery. The findings show that natural resource products still form an important part of people’s livelihoods despite many other changes over the last fifteen years. A high proportion of households continue to utilise different products to meet household needs. The most widely used products are fuelwood, wild herbs and wild fruits. More so, my results revealed a significant increase in the number of people commercialising natural resource products over the past fifteen years. Furthermore, I found that rural livelihoods in Fairbairn are heavily dependent on external income and consumption and have become increasingly divorced from local production patterns. My results depict a steady decline of cultivated fields with a corresponding increase of home gardens since the 1960s. Therefore, the results demonstrate that current livelihood strategies are an expression of historical processes interacting with current contextual complexities. Given the complex and multidimensional issues at play in Fairbairn, the study highlights that there is no straightforward answer regarding future livelihood strategies. However, participatory scenario deliberations revealed that the youth were much more open to diversified and even very different forms of livelihood strategies in the future, whilst community leaders and elders remained firmly attached to farming activities. Understanding the diversity of past livelihood changes, together with current trends, can help to better contextualise future livelihood trajectories and this can therefore help rural communities identify and avoid undesirable futures under a changing climate.

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Bolenz, Florian, Andrea M. F. Reiter i Ben Eppinger. "Developmental Changes in Learning: Computational Mechanisms and Social Influences". Frontiers Research Foundation, 2017. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A30736.

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Our ability to learn from the outcomes of our actions and to adapt our decisions accordingly changes over the course of the human lifespan. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in using computational models to understand developmental changes in learning and decision-making. Moreover, extensions of these models are currently applied to study socio-emotional influences on learning in different age groups, a topic that is of great relevance for applications in education and health psychology. In this article, we aim to provide an introduction to basic ideas underlying computational models of reinforcement learning and focus on parameters and model variants that might be of interest to developmental scientists. We then highlight recent attempts to use reinforcement learning models to study the influence of social information on learning across development. The aim of this review is to illustrate how computational models can be applied in developmental science, what they can add to our understanding of developmental mechanisms and how they can be used to bridge the gap between psychological and neurobiological theories of development.

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9

Waber, Benjamin Nathan. "Understanding the link between changes in social support and changes in outcomes with the sociometric badge". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/67762.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, June 2011.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. "June 2011."
Includes bibliographical references (p. 138-154).
The goal of this thesis is to show that social support created through face-to-face interaction is a driving factor in a number of important outcomes. Through a series of studies we show that social support, operationalized using face-to-face network constraint (information clearing), is positively related to important outcomes such as productivity and job satisfaction and that changes in social support are positively related to changes in these outcomes. We then discuss a two-phase study where we experimentally modify break structure to increase network constraint and demonstrate a corresponding positive change in outcomes. Finally, we show that network constraint is also qualitatively related to outcomes and is an effective proxy for social support. To conclude we situate this research under a larger framework that provides direction for future research.
by Benjamin Nathan Waber.
Ph.D.

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10

Kitala, Fatuma S. "Family policy in Lithuania : Changes and problems". Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Social Sciences, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-392.

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This study endeavours to make an analysis of the major issues that Lithuanian families are facing. In doing so, it is the purpose of the research to uncover the changes and problems that have taken place in Lithuanian society since the country gained independence from the Soviet Union. The Lithuanian case will be compared with Tanzania and other eastern and western European countries. This helps to identify and understand problems that Lithuanian society and families with dependent children have been experiencing.

The current situation of families in Lithuania is based on traditional model, where men are breadwinners and women are the ones who take care of the households. However, families are undergoing changes whereby, dual model support is taking over, especially to young generation. The two models are functioning in the country but majority of the population prefer traditional model. It is observed that, due to changes and difficulties in life, people have no other way than accepting dual model support.

Families with children are facing problems which hinder them to develop well in life style. Although the family policy in Lithuania provides family benefits to the families which deserve allowances, still children are in danger of lacking proper care and guidance. Families with dependent children have been experiencing poverty at a high rate that the rest of the population. Families with more than three children are more affected than the ones with fewer children.

The analysis of this study has shown how the issue of unemployment affects the raising of children. Many citizens have lost their jobs due to privatisation although on the other hand, privatization has been proved to increase the economy of the studied countries.

This study has also shown that women in Lithuania are more disadvantaged than men. Even if women labour force participation is quite high in Lithuania, still there are many problems. Namely, women in Lithuania have lower wages compared to men; there also few women in the decision making bodies and the parliament. Both Lithuanian and Tanzanian governments have taken measures to encourage women to participate in political arena and labour market. Good relationships within the families have proved to be crucial in good bringing up of the children. The responsibility of bringing up the children is also extended to the relatives.

All in all provision of family benefits is not the only solution but it has to be associated with education to families and community on how to raise children morally, physically and psychologically so that they become responsible adults.

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Sinno, Stefanie Marie. "Age related changes in social reasoning regarding parental domestic roles". College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/6936.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2007.
Thesis research directed by: Human Development. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

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12

Pickles, Anthony J. "The pattern changes changes : gambling value in Highland Papua New Guinea". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3389.

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This thesis explores the part gambling plays in an urban setting in Highland Papua New Guinea. Gambling did not exist in (what is now) Goroka Town before European contact, nor Papua New Guinea more broadly, but when I conducted fieldwork in 2009-2010 it was an inescapable part of everyday life. One card game proliferated into a multitude of games for different situations and participants, and was supplemented with slot machines, sports betting, darts, and bingo and lottery games. One could well imagine gambling becoming popular in societies new to it, especially coming on the back of money, wage-work and towns. Yet the popularity of gambling in the region is surprising to social scientists because the peoples now so enamoured by gambling are famous for their love of competitively giving things away, not competing for them. Gambling spread while gifting remained a central part of the way people did transactions. This thesis resists juxtaposing gifting and selfish acquisition. It shows how their opposition is false; that gambling is instead a new analytic technique for manipulating the value of gifts and acquisitions alike, through the medium of money. Too often gambling takes a familiar form in analyses: as the sharp end of capitalism, or the benign, chance-led redistributor of wealth in egalitarian societies. The thesis builds an ethnographic understanding of gambling, and uses it to interrogate theories of gambling, money, and Melanesian anthropology. In so doing, the thesis speaks to a trend in Melanesian anthropology to debate whether monetisation and urbanisation has brought about a radical split in peoples' understandings of the world. Dealing with some of the most starkly ‘modern' material I find a process of inclusive indigenous materialism that consumes the old and the new alike, turning them into a model for action in a dynamic money-led world.

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White, Ross L., University of Western Sydney, of Arts Education and Social Sciences College i School of Social Ecology and Lifelong Learning. "People, place and psyche : belongingness and coping with change in isolation". THESIS_CAESS_SELL_White_R.xml, 2001. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/309.

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The thesis set out to explore means of coping with change when in a state of isolation and basic parameters and references in life have been lost. Isolation may be a result of a change in environment, such as an interstate move to take up a new job,or changing from an office environment to home based work. It can result from relational changes such as marriage breakdown or from major life stage changes such as retirement. The first stage of the study involved the establishment of a collaborative group to explore issues that each member had experienced in coping with change. The second stage was an individual exploration of the author's own journey involving changes in work environments and interstate moves. The third stage was a consideration of literature that reflected and supported the thesis, of gathering information from relevant case studies conducted.Out of these stages came the hypothesis that people cope with change in isolation through a sense of belonging associated with several factors.Reflections on the research process and methodologies have been considered and implications arising out of the research are discussed. The thesis concludes with evocations of the impact of the research findings on others.
Master of Science (Hons)(Social Ecology)

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Teakle, Helen. "Physical activity, weight change, and self-perception changes among obese individuals". University of Western Australia. School of Human Movement and Exercise Science, 2006. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2006.0073.

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The primary purpose of this research was to investigate relationships between physical activity participation, weight change, and selfreports of social physique anxiety, physical self-concept and health-related quality of life. A secondary purpose was to investigate personality as a mediator of self-perceptions and quality of life beliefs following obesity surgery. Two studies with differing methodologies were conducted. The first study was a cross-sectional survey of patients who had participated in a multi-component clinical weight-loss program involving a combination of physical activity, diet modification, and drug therapy. The second study was a longitudinal investigation of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding patients. Amount of weight lost was not found to be related to changes in social physique anxiety, physical self-concept or health-related quality of life. However, physical activity levels were found to be an important predictor of improvements in physical self-concept and health-related quality of life amongst clinical weight loss patients, but not surgical patients. Improvements over time with respect to social physique anxiety, physical self-concept and health-related quality of life were observed amongst all participants who underwent LABG. Personality factors, whilst not predicting changes over time in social physique anxiety, physical self-concept or health-related quality of life, discriminated between two types of obese adults presenting for obesity surgery. Future research could be undertaken to determine if long-term outcomes differ for these two types of patients.

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Slessor, Gillian. "Age-related changes in decoding basic social cues from the eyes". Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources, 2009. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=53353.

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Parsons, Ceri. "Sex changes : the social, historical, cultural and discursive construction of transsexuality". Thesis, Staffordshire University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247560.

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Bullock, Michael Ross. "The impact of changes in social housing provision on migration propensities". Thesis, Lancaster University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360616.

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Telfer, Ruth Elizabeth. "The experience and expression of social cognition changes for stroke survivors". Thesis, University of Leicester, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/28853.

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This thesis is comprised of four parts: A literature review, a research paper, a reflective critique of the research process and a service evaluation. A systematic literature review was undertaken concerning longer term stroke survivors accounts of social and emotional challenges after stroke. This resulted in 12 studies which were then explored. All 12 studies used qualitative approaches and sought to gain direct accounts from stroke survivors concerning these issues. The studies collated accounts from stroke survivors about their social and emotional experiences through particular study lenses of social support, social participation, quality of life, quality of friendship, quality of spousal relationship and personal perspectives. The studies were then examined in order to understand their contribution to the literature. Across the studies it was clear that from the stroke survivors viewpoint, rehabilitation service models tended to be focussed on early intervention and lacked a longer term strategy which supported emotional and social adjustment. Five main themes across the studies were identified. These were: Loss & Maintenance of friendships; Losses in Social world and role leading to isolation; Social participation & community integration changes; Pre and post stroke self, continuous/discontinuous self; and Emotional responses. These themes were examined more closely in order to appreciate their thematic meaning for stroke survivors and the contribution the various studies had made to this. Recommendations for future research from these results are discussed. A research study interviewed six stroke survivors (ranging from 1-9 years post stroke) in order to gain their views and experiences about any social cognition changes since their stroke. Open ended qualitative interviews were recorded verbatim and then analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Three superordinate themes emerged from this analysis: My changed sense of self in relation to others; Managing my social behaviour; and My altered states of feeling. Each of these superordinate themes contained a number of sub themes. Stroke survivors’ self-understanding of these issues and their views about the impact this has had on relationships is discussed and recommendations are made. A reflective critique records the personal experiences of the author during the research and thesis process. This describes the challenges and lessons of engaging in the academic and research process for this thesis. A service evaluation describes the establishment and provision of a six month pilot offering an in house psychological service for staff within an acute medical hospital alongside a physiotherapy service. Psychological services were offered as a brief treatment model and also provided consultancy and training to staff at all levels. Over the six months, 53 members of staff were seen for direct psychological consultation/treatment. Data were collected regarding professional group, and frequency of sessions and the 10 effectiveness of the service on staff well-being was measured using the HADS as a measure of individual change. Organisational sickness absence data was gathered as a measure of the pilots cost effectiveness within the organisation. Data were also collected on the types of issues that staff presented with and the category of staff that attended. Results showed that staff anxiety decreased at a highly significant level, and depression at a significant level, but the level of returns of the questionnaires was very low. Staff sickness absence due to stress was compared to the same six months of the previous year and had decreased by 40% resulting in substantial cost savings. Staff sickness across the division dropped from 5.29% to 3.87% over the 6 months. Staff reported sleep problems, low mood and emotional events as the most frequent issues that made them stressed, but loss of confidence in work role and being affected by events at work were also frequently reported; indicating the importance of a service that links in to the organisation. The treating psychologists reported bereavement issues as the most common treatment issue arising from users of the pilot. The evaluation is critically discussed, comparisons are made to published information about the national picture and recommendations are made for future evaluation and research.

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Åberg, Frida. "Impact of social-ecological changes on resilience in the Senegalese Sahel". Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Stockholm Resilience Centre, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-196937.

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Understanding how social-ecological changes influence the resilience of dryland agro-silvo-pastoral systems can offer new perspectives on current sustainability challenges. In this study I use mixed methods to explore how resilience thinking can guide development towards sustainable and just future pathways in the Sahelian part of northern Senegal. A combined analysis of regional statistical data and local actors’ perceptions of recent development revealed five key patterns of change: 1) decreased annual precipitation, 2) lack of pastures and environmental degradation, 3) improved rural water access and an opening-up of previously isolated areas, 4) adaptation strategies, and 5) decentralization. Participants’ rankings of context-specific resilience metrics based on the seven principles for building resilience, indicate a low to moderate current resilience of the agro-silvo-pastoral system and a decline in general system resilience over the past decades. The analysis highlights the need for greater recognition of pastoral mobility and groundwater recharge dynamics in natural resource management, along with challenges of inequities and power assymetries among actors, while also pointing to the potential of local initiatives to support development in the Senegalese Sahel. By synthesizing changes and assessing their influence on the resilience of the agro-silvo-pastoral system, the study shows how resilience assessments can be used to understand system dynamics and illustrate development paradoxes in the Senegalese Sahel.

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Omotoso, Kehinde Oluwaseun. "Assessing changes in the social determinants of health and health inequality". Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/65505.

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This thesis broadly investigates the relative changes in socio-economic related health inequalities over the second decade of post-apartheid South Africa. This period is characterised by di erent policies and reforms, aimed at reducing socio-economic inequalities that pervaded all aspects of life before 1994. By extension, these policies and reforms have also been applied to the health care system. Speci cally, policy interventions such as scal redistribution directed at key sectors, abolition of user fees for primary health care, and the ongoing discussions related to universal health coverage through yet-to-be-implemented national health insurance have targeted reductions in socio-economic related health inequality. However, evidence from the academic and policy-oriented literature suggests that not much has changed. Health inequality which is strongly linked to inequalities in its social determinants, persist, despite notable policies targeting socio-economic factors. Moreover, existing literature has not identi ed drivers of change, and, therefore, presents a narrow perspective of health inequality. Hence, it is important to analyse changes in social determinants of health and health inequality over the current post-apartheid period. This thesis uses data from the nationally representative General Household Surveys (GHS), which started in 2002. After scrutinising the data for consistency and comparability across the years, the thesis pro les trends in health outcomes across a spectrum of socio-demographic factors, using the GHS data covering the years 2004 - 2014. The health variables considered are ill-health status, medical aid coverage, and preference for public or private health care. As there are few obvious patterns in the raw health variables' time series, the analysis, which is descriptive in nature, relies upon both parametric and non-parametric techniques to smooth the time series in order to outline a few general trends. It is found that medical aid coverage and the general population's preference for public health care decreased by 0.2% and 0.1%, per year, respectively, while reports of ill-health status increased by 0.4%, annually. Moreover, the probability that an individual, who is covered by a medical aid scheme, would utilize public health care decreased by about 44%. Having established changes in the health indicators, the thesis further explores some key socio-economic drivers of these changes. Speci cally, the thesis uses information collected on social determinants of health (SDH), and a variety of health indicators in the 2004 and 2014 GHS data, to explain how changes in the SDH have impacted health inequalities over that decade. Using the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition of change in a concentration index, the thesis nds that rising inequalities in ill-health are largely explained by changes in the composition of those residing in urban areas and in relatively richer provinces. Meanwhile, rising inequality in medical aid coverage and the utilisation of private health care are attributable to changes in educational attainment and racial composition. On the other hand, changing elasticities in SDH, rather than increasing inequalities, are found to explain a widening preference for private health care in the event of illness. Finally, the thesis investigates socio-economic factors driving health inequality at a fairly disaggregated level, by examining the relative contributions of SDH to changes in gendered health di erentials between 2005 and 2014. Using di erences-in-decompositions, the thesis nds that the gender gap in health narrowed by approximately 2% between 2005 and 2014, and the narrowing of that gap can be attributed to changes in educational attainment and social grant receipt. Speci cally, the relative increase in social grant receipt by females explains approximately 28% of the reduction, while the relative increase in the receipt of formal education by females explains about 1.11%.
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Economics
PhD
Unrestricted

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21

Morse, Gwen Goetz. "The effect of social support on women's perception of perimenstrual changes". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186759.

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The unidimensional approach that has dominated research on premenstrual syndrome (PMS) has been remiss in visualizing the diversity of factors that may be involved in women's menstrual cycle experiences. Traditional menstrual cycle research reflects a stereotypic negative bias that does not encompass the complexity of the phenomena. For example, even though, the majority of menstrual cycle literature has focused on negative changes during the perimenstruum, some women report positive changes. This research represents an endeavor of a unique nursing intervention aimed at reframing perceptions of menstrual cycle experiences for the purpose of diminishing perimenstrual impairment. The intervention was a health promotion program which provided social support and a positive reframing component among women with PMS across four menstrual cycles. Utilizing a pre-experimental design, data was collected on eighteen women. Daily measures included prospective assessment of perceptions of perimenstrual changes (impairment and activation). Retrospective assessments of moods (anxiety and depression), social resources (personal resources and marital satisfaction), and perimenstrual change perceptions were gathered at three time periods, before, during, and after the experimental condition. Data analysis included descriptive and multivariate analyses strategies. Results indicated that although perimenstrual activation did not increase significantly, impairment did decrease. In addition, there were significant changes from baseline to follow-up on state depression and personal resource variables. This study is among the first to develop and empirically test a nursing intervention that utilized the psychotherapeutic technique of positive reframing aimed at decreasing women's negative menstrual cycle experiences. This study lends support for further investigation of women's diverse menstrual cycle experiences which challenges assumptions guiding menstrual cycle research which has continued to perceive menstruation within an illness perspective. Until researchers agree on the cause, definition, significance, and management of PMS, studies such as this one, may provide scientists a more expansive view of women's menstrual cycle experiences. Results of this study are of benefit to nurses and health care providers who are in a unique situation to facilitate support groups by virtue of the variety of their work settings.

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Lama, Sudash. "FROM BON TO BUDDHISM - Social and Cultural Changes of the Tamangs". Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2013. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/954.

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Wong, Chi-kwong Patrick, i 黃志光. "Economic changes in rural China". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31954509.

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Nelson, Eisha Amanda. "Changes and solutions to improve humanitarian aid". Thesis, Webster University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1526651.

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The 1990s saw a rise in the participation of NGOs answering the demands of affected populations caught in between armed conflicts, bouts of natural disasters and diseases. Though their intentions were good, it was from this point onwards NGOs have gained their notoriety, despite the work they do to address the needs of man. With a consistent rise of the number of actively participating NGOs, these humanitarian actors have since gone under scrutiny by the general population, which range from ineffective operations, scandals surrounding aid money, ethics within humanitarianism as well as many aid organizations that still remain independent from each other.

This paper will seek to answer how to improve the role of humanitarian aid in emergency situations, and address its issues and shortcomings. This will be done by analyzing the different criticisms faced by these humanitarian actors, as well as analyzing the different solutions that have since been proposed in order to answer these criticisms and find a new way for these organizations to operate and define themselves. Finally, these analyses will be evaluated and compared among one another.

Interviews have been held with aid workers and members of humanitarian organizations, in order to get a more intimate perspective of the inside workings of an NGO. Recent literature, studies and findings have also been utilized in order to get a clearer picture of the current state of humanitarian aid, notably from writers such as Thomas Weiss, Hugo Slim, David Rieff and Linda Polman.

Humanitarian aid cannot be cured with a simple solution; instead, it is an ongoing, gradual process that requires cooperation from governments and organizations in order to move forward. The non-protit sector can stand to learn a lot from the for-profit sector, especially in terms of professionalism and collaborating amongst one another. This change will not come easily, but humanitarian aid also cannot remain stagnant if they hope to reach out to populations in need with quality aid.

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Gavinski, Molina Marie-Helene. "What children know about social withdrawal, age-related changes in children's descriptions of socially withdrawn behaviours". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0019/MQ48386.pdf.

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Gavinski, Molina Marie-Helene Carleton University Dissertation Psychology. "What children know about social withdrawal: age-related changes in children's descriptions of socially withdrawn behaviours". Ottawa, 1999.

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Chereni, Simbarashe. "Smallholder farmers response to changes in the farming environment in Gokwe-Kabiyuni, Zimbabwe". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_2950_1298634276.

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Following Bryceson&rsquo
s article, &lsquo
De-agrarianisation in Sub-Saharan Africa: Acknowledging the Inevitable&rsquo
, and other related writings in the volume Farewell to Farms, rural development has become a contested academic and policy domain. One side of the debate is characterized by &lsquo
agrarian optimism&rsquo
, mirrored in various state policies and advice from the World Bank
the other side is typified by the de-agrarianisation thesis, which is sceptical regarding the agrarian path to rural development, because it doesn&rsquo
t accord with dominant trends. The main reasons given for the trend of de-agrarianisation are: unfavourable climatic trends, economic adjustments, and population growth. While the de-agrarianisation thesis seems to be a sensible proposition, it has failed to attract many disciples, evidenced by the continuation of current policy directions towards the agrarian optimistic path. The purpose of this study was to assess the applicability of the de-agrarianisation thesis in the Gokwe-Kabiyuni area of Zimbabwe, during a time when the nation went through climatic, economic and political crises. The idea was to assess the influence of such an environment to smallholder farmers in terms of livelihood strategies by observing trends in climate, education, occupation, and crop yields over the period. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used to establish whether the de-agrarianisation process can be noted in two villages over the period 1990-2008. A comparative analysis of the experiences of smallholder farmers in these two villages revealed the existence of a cultivation culture and differential agrarian resilience depending on natural resource endowment and levels of infrastructural development, notwithstanding the involvement of the villagers in non-farm activities to diversify their livelihood portfolios.

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Ozbeklik, Ismail Serkan. "Impact of legal and public policy changes on social and economic behavior". Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1185350130.

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Berry, Angela C. "Facilitating changes in catastrophic thinking can niacin challenges reduce social cost bias?" Ann Arbor, Mich. : ProQuest, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1440171.

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Thesis (M.A. in Psychology)--S.M.U., 2007.
Title from PDF title page (viewed Mar. 18, 2008). Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-02, page: 1081. Adviser: Jasper A. J. Smits. Includes bibliographical references.

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30

Calamaras, Martha R. "Evaluating Changes in Attentional Biases following Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Social Phobia". Digital Archive @ GSU, 2010. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/psych_theses/79.

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The purpose of the current study was to evaluate changes in attentional biases following CBT for Social Phobia. It was found that 1.) consistent with previous investigations, the overall sample displayed vigilance toward threatening facial stimuli prior to receiving treatment, and 2.) participants’ pattern of responding to threatening facial stimuli changed following treat-ment, but only when the sample was divided into those who were vigilant and those who were avoidant prior to treatment. Findings provide support for the presence of two distinct sub-groups with differing attentional styles, one with a tendency for vigilance toward social threats, and a second with a tendency to avoid threat cues. These findings have important implications for how individuals may differentially respond to treatment and may help explain some of the mixed findings in the extant literature on Social Phobia and attention bias.

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31

Martin, R. J. "Changes in the economic and social structure of Soviet Azerbaijan, 1970-1990". Thesis, Swansea University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.638015.

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In 1969 Azerbaijan's political and industrial leaders were spurred by poor economic results into renewed efforts to increase output from the key sectors and to modernize the economy. Despite huge investments, little progress was made. The key policy of political/administrative prioritization of selected sectors failed. In 1990 by comparison with 1970, Azerbaijan's economy required significantly larger additional inputs to achieve an output increase. This phenomenon was particularly striking in petroleum extraction and refining, the related engineering sector and agriculture. Despite infusions of resources, the oil industry's output in 1990 was lower than in 1970 and its range of equipment remained generally outmoded. In engineering, plant and output were substantially the same in 1990 as in 1970; continuing poor product quality and reliability affected Azerbaijan's petroleum industry, and also West Siberia. Refining became less efficient in its use of resources and crude inputs. New, more modern capacity notwithstanding, industry reports in the late 1980s bemoaned the dangerous state of Baku's refineries. In agriculture the collectivized and private sectors were inextricably linked. The former was the source of cheap inputs for the latter, which in turn provided the bulk of crops like vegetables and meat products. These two sectors were mutually sustaining. Reforms took place, such as the amalgamation of some smaller state and collective farms. Both, however, remained highly labour intensive, and became more resource-intensive. The tensions which emerged between Azerbaijanis and Armenians were not expressed before the late 1980s. In fact, analysis of bilingualism suggests that ethnic integration was the norm, even in rural areas, despite the fragmentary effects of agricultural patterns. Political factors arising from the Soviet Union's collapse were important in shaping the conflict. The current conflict bears only a superficial resemblance to that of 1900-24, whose causes were specific to the period.

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32

Bottomley, Amy. "Disciplinary Literacy in Social Studies: Changes in Teacher Candidates' Beliefs and Attitudes". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1479809593295622.

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Uhrlass, Dorothy J. "Children's self-perceived competence and prospective changes in depression and social anxiety". Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2009.

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Zheng, Haoran. "Contextual Affordances of Social Media, Clinical Prosess Changes and Health Service Outcomes". FIU Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3852.

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Never had consumers been empowered by information technologies such as social media-enabled portals that permit them to access and conduct all aspects of life and work activities through a mobile phone at any time from anywhere. WeChat, with over 963 million active monthly users, represents such a revolutionary platform. In healthcare, patients can use WeChat to make doctor appointments, access health and lab results, consult with doctors, and check on the queuing status and parking conditions in the health clinics and hospitals. Such social-media-enabled systems have transformed the relationships between consumers and businesses into a new paradigm in which the supply-side is driven by the demand-side. As a result, the new technology is fundamentally changing; not only the context in which business is conducted but also the business itself. The extant literature on technology acceptance, however, has mostly focused on technical functionalities and user characteristics without adequately considering the specific context in which the technology is used. Although these affordance concepts have advanced our knowledge about the interactions between technology and users, the specific contexts in which such interactions occur have been largely ignored. There is a critical literature gap that hinders our ability to understand and provide guidelines to help organizations deal with the complex challenges they face in managing social mediaenabled technologies in today’s changing environment. Our research attempts to bridge this critical literature gap by conceptualizing the concept of contextual affordance, and by examining its determinants and consequences in healthcare services. We use a combination of qualitative method and quantitative method. Research sites are in China across multiple healthcare facilities. The anticipated findings include validated dimensions of contextual affordance and relationships between contextual affordance and its determinants and impacts on clinical process changes and health service outcomes. Theoretically, this study extends the current understanding of affordance by considering contextual dimensions of affordance, and by examining the relationships between contextual affordance and its determinants and consequences. Practically, this study sheds new lights on how organizations should go beyond the out-of-context interactions between technologies and users by considering users’ perceived affordance of technology within the specific contexts of use.

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35

Miller, Elizabeth Jill, i res cand@acu edu au. "Burden of Care: Ageing in urban China and Japan: Gender, the family and the state". Australian Catholic University. School of Social Work, 2002. http://dlibrary.acu.edu.au/digitaltheses/public/adt-acuvp22.29082005.

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This thesis examines how rapid demographic, social and economic changes are impacting on traditional care for the urban aged in China and Japan as both experience world record rates of ageing caused by greater longevity and lower birth rates. The challenge for their governments is to foster active contribution by the healthy aged to society and protection for the frail aged. China lags behind Japan in special treatment for senior citizens. The manner in which these two countries handle the ageing of their populations could provide valuable lessons for Australia in the future.

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36

Rowe, Beverly J. "Changes in the Status of Texarkana, Texas, Women, 1880-1920". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1999. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279138/.

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Okon, Patrick Edem. "Changes in media policy in Sub-Saharan Africa : the role of community media". Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2014. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/7556.

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This thesis considers the role of community media in contemporary media policy developments of Anglophone Sub-Saharan Africa. The study is broadly located within the discourse on ‘shapers' of media policy developments. The empirical materials draw upon various case studies of media regulation and community press and broadcasting media campaigns in South Africa, Ghana, and Nigeria. The case studies were conducted using mixed methods approach in a qualitative way. The methodological logics underpinning data presentation and analysis are explanation building and cross-case synthesis. The thesis shows that there have been substantial media policy changes with progressive effects across Anglophone Sub-Saharan Africa in the last two decades. Enabled by the growing deregulation of media environments, there is a robust and complex culture of community media in the region. Community media institutions, working alongside a plethora of allies and drawing on a range of communication and participatory platforms, are exerting significant impacts on media policy decisions. The degree of their effectiveness, however, is affected by political, legislative, and economic processes, as well as by differences in technology, business philosophies, available funding regimes, and structures for audience participation. The engagements of community media with governments in media deregulations have established a new model for understanding media policy and for media deregulations. But, regardless of the changes in media policy, there are still specific policy concerns that underline what brings additional pressures to community media. The study concludes, firstly, that the contribution of community media to policy making still requires greater public recognition. Secondly, that there is need for the pressures on community media to be quickly redressed in order to improve their effectiveness as policy activists. This could be achieved through: a new understanding of media policy as advanced by alternative media organizations; an ‘open' administrative approach to inform participatory policy decision-making; the expansion of protective frameworks for small media in a bid to preserve their emancipatory potency; and the use of social and digital media to strengthen campaigns for policy reforms.

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38

Little, VIrginia L. "Changes in Fathers' Physical Health Across the Transition to Parenthood". Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1398023910.

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39

Sullivan, Louise. "A comparative study of social mobility, exploring changes in the salience of class and merit in determining individuals' life chances". Thesis, University of Surrey, 2006. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/843325/.

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This thesis is a comparative study of social mobility, describing and explaining the movement of individuals across the occupational class structure. The 1958 National Child Development Study and 1970 British Cohort Study are used, and research contributes new knowledge to the field in two important ways: Firstly, missing data is imputed to correct for observed nonresponse bias; and secondly, a latent growth modelling framework is employed to capture inter and intragenerational mobility within a single model. The upgrading of the occupational class structure has benefited respondents from both cohorts and absolute intergenerational mobility rates increased between the two Study periods. By contrast, relative mobility rates contracted and class background became more important in securing respondents an advantaged occupational class destination. This contraction in social fluidity was matched by a decline in the value of education between the two periods. Educational attainment became less important in predicting service class destination, raising questions about the future provision of appropriate employment for the burgeoning number of graduates. Latent growth models confirm that respondents from both cohorts have on average enjoyed upward mobility across the life course. Meritocratic and cultural capital variables are used to explain model variance and their significance demonstrates that lifetime mobility involves a mixture of meritocratic and non-meritocratic factors. Latent class growth analysis recognises that the population is not homogeneous and identifies subpopulations whose members share distinctly different mobility trajectories. The upwardly mobile latent classes identified are associated with higher scores on the meritocratic variables evidencing meritocratic recruitment. For the middle class stable and working class stable latent classes the result is more ambiguous; merit or lack of it, is associated with class stability but so too is cultural capital. The identification of two downwardly mobile trajectories calls into question the meritocratic assumption that able individuals seek out class locations commensurate with their merit.

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40

Adolphson, Marcus. "On analysing changes in urban structure : Some theoretical and methodological issues". Doctoral thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-31146.

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Nordlöf, Kathrin. "Facing Gentrification? : Investigating social consequences of infrastructural changes in Yalı Mahallesi, Istanbu l". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-158824.

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42

Song, Cha-Kyong. "Social Status-Dependent Changes in Behavior and Neurogenesis in the Crayfish Procambarus Clarkii". Digital Archive @ GSU, 2006. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/biology_diss/7.

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Crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) form dominance hierarchies, which are patterns of repeated fights with expected outcomes of winner and loser. Establishment of hierarchies allows dominants the first access to limited resources over subordinates, and leads to behavioral and cellular changes corresponding to the social status. Here, the animals¡¯ responses to an unexpected unilateral touch, a non-social stimulus, were examined with respect to their social status and to their social context. Isolates oriented to the stimulus source with raised claws and elevated posture. Dominants also oriented to the stimulus both when tested alone and in the presence of a subordinate. Subordinates oriented to the stimulus while separated from their familiar dominant partner; however, they avoided it when tested while paired with the dominant. In subsequent tests first while semi-separated from the dominant and later while fully separated, the same subordinates displayed more orienting responses as the duration of post-fight separation increased. These results suggest that the lingering effects of recent social experience influence the behavior of subordinate animals. During fights, crayfish release urine toward each other, providing critical chemosensory cues for establishing hierarchies. Throughout the lifespan, new neuronal precursors are added into clusters of olfactory local and projection interneurons (clusters 9 and 10). Here, the effect of pair-wise social experience on neurogenesis in these brain regions was examined using the proliferation marker bromodeoxyuridine. Groups of proliferating cells in clusters 9 and 10 formed distinctive comma shapes. The BrdU-positive nuclei in the head part of the comma were smaller and more circular than those in the tail part of the comma. Subordinates had fewer new neuronal precursors surviving in cluster 9 after 14 days than did dominants. Mitotic activity was not influenced by social status. The effect of social experience on neurogenesis remained when the effect of body growth rate on neurogenesis was removed. In conclusion, social domination enhances cell survival compared to social subordination. Although the function of these surviving newborn neuronal precursors is unknown they may enhance the learning ability of dominant crayfish.

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43

Brammer, Betty. "The Holland Fen : social and topographical changes in a Fenland environment, 1750-1945". Thesis, University of Leicester, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/9956.

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Although much has been written about the consequences of drainage work carried out in peat fens, the result of eighteenth-century drainage and parliamentary enclosures in Lincolnshire silt fens has received little attention other than at a general level. This thesis explores the Holland Fen, to consider how an inflexible configuration of drainage and enclosure procedures in the eighteenth century was able to dominate the topography and all aspects of its social development and economy, for more than two centuries. Central to this thesis are the complicated and unusual procedures taken by a group of eleven neighbouring parishes to drain and enclose a Lincolnshire fen in which they held undisputed common rights. How radical were these actions, and why were they taken? Particular use is made of contemporary documents including the drainage acts of 1762-6, the enclosure award and maps of 1769, various eighteenth-century London newspapers, and council minutes of a local borough. Data taken from proprietors' lists, census material, annual crop returns, and MAF documents reveal the progression of images of a confined and remote fen. These continue throughout its reclamation, challenges of extra-parochial areas, social development, economic growth and convoluted formation of civil communities. While most studies of drainage and enclosure are only concerned with the first few years, or perhaps the first half-century after such events, the long-term nature of this topic, 1750-1945, has been determined by the direct interaction of these layouts with other important issues. These include plot sizes, leases, tenant rights, rebellion and social responses, migration, farm buildings, and farm servants in late-nineteenth century Lincolnshire. Local documents, photographs, diaries, and oral testimony contribute useful insights. Could an unyielding topography also influence religion, education, the triumph of local enterprise in a depressed economy, emigration, leisure, identity, coastal defences, and national security in wartime? This thesis claims research into lesser known fenlands is more likely to produce that wider range of information needed to fully appreciate the diversity of regional fenlands.

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Granerud, Arild. "Social integration for people with mental health problems : Experiences, perspectives and practical changes". Doctoral thesis, Nordic School of Public Health NHV, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:norden:org:diva-3506.

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Background: The goal of social integration is part of the ideological motivation behind the transition from institutionalised to decentralised psychiatric care. Modern community mental health care considers social integration vital for improving mental health. However, reports suggest that efforts to socially integrate people who suffer from mental health problems have not been as successful as anticipated.Aim: The overall aim of the study was to achieve a deeper understanding of the phenomenon of social integration of people with mental health problems in the community. An additional aim was to develop the healthcare professionals’ insight into this phenomenon by means of co-operative inquiry. The specific research questions were: How have people with mental health problems affected their neighbourhood after re-establishing in the community? How do people with mental health problems experience social integration in the community? How does knowledge of social integration promote practical changes in mental health professionals’ practice?Methods: This study, which comprises four papers, has a hermeneutic design. The data collection methods took the form of interviews with 19 neighbours of group homes for people with mental health problems (Paper I) and focus groups in two separate studies of people with mental health problems, one of which comprised 12 participants in three groups (Paper II) and the other 17 participants in three different multistage focus groups (Paper III), i.e. a total of 14 focus groups. Paper IV utilises findings from Papers I-III by means of a co-operative approach. There were two areas of knowledge development in the research process: dialogue-based teaching and focus groups. The main emphasis of the dialogue-based teaching was to facilitate the articulation of practical and tacit knowledge. Twenty-two healthcare professionals and social workers participated in two different multistage focus groups, a total of 6 focus groups (Paper IV). Data-analysis methods included both the constant comparative process and qualitative content analysis.Findings: The first paper begins with the experiences of neighbours of people who suffer from mental health problems. The neighbours reported frightening behaviours as well as complications in their contact with people who had long-term mental health problems, which led to increased insecurity and fear. The reaction of the neighbourhood was exclusion and segregation in the form of distancing or watching. The next two papers employed a user perspective and revealed that, when meeting people, the participants experienced shame and fear of exclusion due to lack of acceptance and loss of autonomy. Integrity proved a necessary quality for the possibility to be treated as an equal. Lack of work or a meaningful occupation and a low income contributed to a sense of worthlessness and loneliness. Those who had a job or took part in club activities seemed to achieve social companionship, which gave them a sense of being more socially integrated. The co-operative research project enabled co-researchers to gain increased professional knowledge and awareness, as well as providing potential for improvements in clinical practice. Systematic reflection on practice leads to an increased awareness of one’s own attitudes and intervention methods, societal conditions and the community’s attitude to the increased social integration of people with mental health problems. The experiential knowledge gained may contribute to health-promotion strategies such as social integration.Conclusions: Integration difficulties are experienced by both individuals with mental health problems and their neighbouring community. In order to achieve social integration, a person with long-term mental health problems needs to develop adequate social competence. Those working in community mental health care must ensure that people suffering from mental health problems experience a sense of belonging in the community, which can enable them to develop a network and achieve social integration in the planning and development of day-time activities and work, thus promoting social integration. The neighbourhood requires, at the very least, general information when a group home is established. Co-operative inquiry can be beneficial in the public sector, although in order to achieve the best possible result, the whole team must be involved and play an active role in all areas of the research project. If the groups are too large, the participants’ level of engagement may suffer. Multistage focus groups proved to be a powerful method for knowledge acquisition and should be further developed as a means of expanding new knowledg
Bakgrunn: En viktig ideologisk motivasjon for overgang fra institusjonalisert til desentralisert psykisk helsearbeid er målet om sosial integrering. Moderne lokalbasert psykisk helsearbeid anser sosial integrering som avgjørende for å bedre menneskers psykisk helse. Men rapporter viser at mennesker med psykiske problemer ikke har oppnådd tilfredsstillende sosial integrering.Mål: Det overordnede målet for studien var å oppnå en dypere forståelse av fenomenet sosial integrering for mennesker med psykiske problemer i lokalsamfunnet. Et tilleggsmål var å utvikle helse- og sosialarbeideres innsikt i fenomenet med bruk av handlingsorientert forskningssamarbeid. De spesifikke forskningsspørsmålene var: Hvordan har mennesker med psykiske problemer påvirket deres nabolag etter reetablering i lokalsamfunnet? Hvordan erfarte mennesker med psykiske problemer sosial integrering i lokalsamfunnet? Hvordan kan kunnskap om sosial integrering fremme praksisforandringer for psykisk helsearbeidere?Metode: Denne studien, som omfatter fire artikler, har et hermenautisk design. Metodene for datainnsamling var kvalitative intervjuer med 19 naboer til fellesboliger for mennesker med psykiske problemer (Art. I), og fokusgruppeintervjuer, i to separate studier, med mennesker med psykiske problemer. En studie med 12 informanter i 3 fokusgrupper (Art. II) og en studie med 17 informanter i 3 flersteg-fokusgrupper (Art. III), totalt 14 fokusgruppeintervjuer. Art. IV brukte funnene fra Art. I-III i et handlingsorientert forskningssamarbeid. Det var to former for kunnskapsutvikling i forskningsprosessen: Dialogbasert undervisning, som skulle fremme praktisk og taus kunnskap, samt fokusgruppeintervjuer. 22 helse- og sosialarbeidere deltok i 2 flersteg-fokusgrupper, totalt 6 fokusgruppeintervjuer (Art. IV). Datamateriale ble analysert med Grounded Theory og kvalitativ innholdsanalyse.Funn: Naboer til fellesbolig for mennesker med psykiske problemer beskriver i den første studien opplevelser som gav usikkerhet, skremmende adferd og problemer med å få kontakt med menneskene som hadde alvorlige psykiske problemer. Dette ledet til økt usikkerhet og frykt. Nabolaget reagerte med eksklusjon og segregering. De to neste studiene hadde et brukerperspektiv, og viste at informantene opplevde skam og frykt for eksklusjon som en følge av manglende akseptasjon og tap av autonomi i møte med mennesker. Integritet var en nødvendig forutsetning for å bli møtt som likverdig. Mangel på arbeid eller annen meningsfull dagaktivitet, samt lav inntekt, bidro til en følelse av verdiløshet og ensomhet. De som hadde et arbeid eller var aktiv deltager i klubbvirksomhet fikk et sosialt felleskap som gjorde at de kjente seg sosialt integrerte. I siste studie gav handlingsorientert forskningssamarbeid medforskerne økt profesjonell kunnskap og bevissthet, samt potensiale for å forbedre praksis. Systematisk refleksjon på praksis leder til en økt bevissthet for egne holdninger og interveneringsmetoder, sosiale betingelser og lokalsamfunnets holdninger til økt sosial integrasjon for mennesker med psykiske problemer. Økt kunnskapsdannelse i praksis kan bidra til forebyggende helsearbeid som sosial integrering.Konklusjon: Både mennesker med psykiske problemer og deres nabolag erfarte vanskeligheter med integrering. For at mennesker med alvorlige psykiske problemer skal erfare sosial integrering må de ha tilstrekkelig sosial kompetanse. Det må arbeides for at mennesker med psykiske problemer opplever tilhørighet i lokalsamfunnet, noe som kan sette dem i stand til å utvikle nettverk, og få til sosial integrering i planlegging og utvikling av dagaktiviteter og arbeid, og på den måten fremme sosial integrering. Nabolag bør i hvert fall ha generell informasjon når det etableres fellesboliger. Handlings- orientert forskningssamarbeid kan være gunstig i kommunehelsetjenesten. En forutsetning for et best mulig resultat er at hele team blir involvert og deltar i kunnskapsskapningen i praksis. Blir enhetene som deltar for store, blir det ikke noe eierforhold til forskningssamarbeidet. Flersteg-fokusgruppeintervju viste seg å være en god metode for kunnskapsutvikling, og metoden burde utvikles videre.Nøkkelord: Psykisk helsearbeid i kommunehelsetjenesten, sosial integrering, sosialt nettverk, handlingsorientert forskningssamarbeid, kvalitativ metode

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45

Gilberthorpe, Enid Constance. "British botanical gardens in the 1980s : changes reflected by bibliographical and social survey". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1987. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/2963/.

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1) British botanical gardens in the 1980s represent the latest stage in their long history dating from the Middle Ages. Origins lie in different types of institution:religious; academic;economic; amateur; scientific; and municipal. This diversity explains the variety of modern institutions involved with gardens, which may be recognized in four categories: state; university; local authority; and private societies. (2) The relationship of the gardens to the community is central to this study. Emphasis is placed on public views of them. (A small sample survey was conducted to obtain the ideas of the public about their functions.)(3) A questionnaire was sent to relevant gardens, enquiring about possible international relationships based on European twinning schemes.(4) Many influences are seen to contribute to the substantial changes evident in the activities of British botanical gardens today. New developments are considered, e.g. increased leisure and consequent need for recreation activities; transport facilities; influence of the mass media, especially television; conservation schemes; and current financial stringency. Some scientific advances (e.g. micropropagation) and technical progress (e.g. labour-saving machinery) are mentioned. (5) Six main functions of the gardens are identified and considered in detail: teaching and research; economic botany; horticulture; amenity; public in.iormation arid education services, public recreation facilities; and conservation. The functions are reviewed in relation to overlap with those of other modern institutions (e.g. research stations), and other types of garden. (6) Sheffield Botanical Gardens - seen in their historical context - provide a good example of change affecting a nineteenth-century institution adapted to the 1980s. The Gardens' importance to the local community is assessed from informal enquiries. (7) A bibliography of non-specialized material is included. Most chapters contain a literature section with notes on important published material. (8) Findings include: the contribution, uniquely made by academic botanical gardens, to teaching and research; the importance in all the gardens of public information and education services and recreation facilities; the significance of conservation activities within a national and international framework.

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Lapthananon, Pinit. "Gender, migration decision-making and social changes in Roi-et Province, Northeastern Thailand". Thesis, University of Hull, 2001. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:5417.

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The main objective of this study is to examine to what extent, how and why gender issues influence the process of migration decision-making and social change through the combination of household relations and gender relations. The rationale underpinning this objective was that such changes have brought about considerable adjustments to livelihood strategies when faced with some social and economic constraints. There are two main themes to be investigated in this study: (1) to examine the interrelationships between household relations, gender relations and other external socio-economic factors in the framework of the process of migration decision-making, and (2) to examine the extent to which migration reversal and re-migration have acted as household coping strategies in different ways between male and female migrants during the current economic crisis in Thailand. With respect to the first theme, household relations, gender relations, and other external factors are examined in the specific context of migration decision- making, which are hypothesised to differ between male and female migrants. The analysis will examine the factors that have a genuine influence on migration decision-making, comparing factors internal to the household and external factors. These will be explored not only in connection with contemporary migration flows but also in relation to patterns of migration across time, through the collection of information on community histories and migration histories in the study areas. The focus will be on male and female migration, out- and return-migration, and migration reversal and re-migration. The second theme aims to investigate the rural household coping strategies that have been deployed in the context of the economic crisis in the light of patterns of migration reversal and re-migration. This is done in order to examine the gender dimension in the contemporary process of migration in relation to household economic constraints and also their responsiveness in the face of rapid social and economic change. Within these overall themes, the investigation emphasises the ways in which gender issues and social change interact with the migration decisions of individuals and households within the rural communities. Two key issues, namely the influence of household relations and gender relations on migration decision-making amongst migrants and other household members, are highlighted throughout the thesis.

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Tocancipa-Falla, Jairo. "Coffee identities, crisis, and social changes : an ethnography of coffee in Cauca, Colombia". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.426542.

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Higgins, Elizabeth Lee. "Plasticity of Visual Acuity in Cichlids with Changes in Habitat and Social Complexity". Thesis, Boston College, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/416.

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Thesis advisor: Daniel Kirschner
Thesis advisor: Caroly Shumway
Species-specific differences in visual acuity have been demonstrated across species of cichlids differing in social and habitat complexity. What is the role of plasticity? A visual acuity assay on two species of fish reared in different habitat and social complexity was used to study brain plasticity in Xenotilapia flavipinnis and Asprotilapia leptura juveniles. The X. flavipinnis lives in sandy habitats and schools as juveniles. These fry were raised in an impoverished social environment in one case and an enriched habitat environment in another. The A. leptura lives in rocky habitats naturally. These fry were raised in an impoverished habitat environment. All conditions were compared to control groups with natural social and habitat conditions. I found that a change in social complexity had a plastic effect on visual acuity but a change in habitat complexity in both cases did not
Thesis (BS) — Boston College, 2006
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Biology
Discipline: College Honors Program

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Bayard, M. M., i Andrea D. Clements. "Changes in Social Behavior of Children With Much Younger Siblings: A Case Study". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2002. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7304.

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Latsko, Maeson Shea. "Neuroendocrine and Gene Expression Changes Indicate Adult Phenotypic Responses to Periadolescent Social Stress". Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1435757204.

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