Artykuły w czasopismach: „SOC.045.040.001”

1

中川, 友紀子. "SoC". Journal of Japan Society for Fuzzy Theory and Intelligent Informatics 33, nr 1 (15.02.2021): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3156/jsoft.33.1_30_2.

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Ehrlich, Cyril, i Dave Russell. "Soc. Pop." Musical Times 129, nr 1742 (kwiecień 1988): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/965320.

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Moch, S., M. Bereković, H. J. Stolberg, L. Friebe, M. B. Kulaczewski, A. Dehnhardt i P. Pirsch. "HIBRID-SOC". ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News 32, nr 3 (czerwiec 2004): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1024295.1024303.

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Buchanan, Mark. "SOC revisited". Nature Physics 11, nr 6 (czerwiec 2015): 442. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nphys3354.

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Smith, Matthew. "The SOC is Dead, Long Live the SOC!" ITNOW 62, nr 1 (17.02.2020): 34–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/itnow/bwaa015.

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Abstract The traditional tiered security operation centre approach is flawed, writes Matthew Smith, Global Head of Cyber Security, St. James's Palace - simply because we are human. We must leverage the benefits of machine learning, user behaviour analytics and security automation to deliver effective detection and response in 2020 and beyond.

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6

Chen, Jein-Shan, Xin Chen, Shaohua Pan i Jiawei Zhang. "Some characterizations for SOC-monotone and SOC-convex functions". Journal of Global Optimization 45, nr 2 (7.11.2008): 259–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10898-008-9373-z.

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Lee, Hyoung-Ro, Won-Jong Kim, Han-Jin Cho i Chi-Ho Lin. "Development and Verification of SoC Architecture using SoC Virtual Platform". Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers 54, nr 11 (30.11.2017): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5573/ieie.2017.54.11.86.

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KOBLANOV, Nurbek, i Rasim SULIEV. "SOC Building Basics". Trudy Universiteta, nr 2 (2021): 168–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.52209/1609-1825_2021_2_168.

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KOBLANOV, Nurbek, i Rasim SULIEV. "SOC Building Basics". Trudy Universiteta, nr 2 (2021): 179–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.52209/1609-1825_2021_2_179.

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Eshraghian, K. "SoC Emerging Technologies". Proceedings of the IEEE 94, nr 6 (czerwiec 2006): 1197–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2006.873615.

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Beaumont, S. P. "The SoC Challenge". Electronics & Communication Engineering Journal 13, nr 6 (1.12.2001): 234–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ecej:20010606.

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García-Sancho, Javier. "SOC and unSOC". Physiology 15, nr 3 (czerwiec 2000): 159–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiologyonline.2000.15.3.159.

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Endo, Takafumi, Rikimaru Sakamoto, Keisuke Hashimoto, Daigo Saito, Hirokazu Nishimaki, Ryo Karasawa i Hikaru Tokunaga. "Novel Spin on Planarization Technology by Photo Curing SOC (P-SOC)". Journal of Photopolymer Science and Technology 30, nr 3 (2017): 373–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2494/photopolymer.30.373.

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Stolberg, Hans-Joachim, Mladen Bereković, Sören Moch, Lars Friebe, Mark B. Kulaczewski, Sebastian Flügel, Heiko Klußmann, Andreas Dehnhardt i Peter Pirsch. "HiBRID-SoC: A Multi-Core SoC Architecture for Multimedia Signal Processing". Journal of VLSI signal processing systems for signal, image and video technology 41, nr 1 (sierpień 2005): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11265-005-6247-1.

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Wang, Z., K. Van Oost, A. Lang, W. Clymans i G. Govers. "Long-term dynamics of buried organic carbon in colluvial soils". Biogeosciences Discussions 10, nr 8 (19.08.2013): 13719–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-10-13719-2013.

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Abstract. Colluvial soils are enriched in soil organic carbon (SOC) in comparison to the soils of upslope areas due to the deposition and subsurface burial of SOC. It has been suggested that the burial of SOC has important implications for the global carbon cycle, but the long-term dynamics of buried SOC remains poorly constrained. We address this issue by determining the SOC burial efficiency (i.e., the fraction of originally deposited SOC that is preserved in colluvial deposits) of buried SOC as well as the SOC stability in colluvial soils. We quantify the turnover rate of deposited SOC by establishing sediment and SOC burial chronologies. The SOC stability is derived from soil incubation experiments and the δ13C values of SOC. The C burial efficiency was found to decrease exponentially with time reaching a constant ratio of approximately 17%. This exponential decrease is attributed to the increasing recalcitrance of buried SOC with time and a less favourable environment for SOC decomposition with increasing depth. Buried SOC is found to be more stable and degraded in comparison to SOC sampled at the same depth at a stable site. This is due to preferential mineralization of the labile fraction of deposited SOC resulting in enrichment of more degraded and recalcitrant SOC in colluvial soils. In order to better understand the long-term effects of soil erosion for the global C cycle, the temporal variation of deposited SOC and its controlling factors need to be characterized and quantified.

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Badura-Brzoza, Karina, i Zenon Brzoza. "Angioedema Coexisting Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria Negatively Influences Patients’ Sense of Coherence, What Results in Susceptibility to Anxiety Symptoms Occurrence". Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, nr 13 (28.06.2021): 2852. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10132852.

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Background: Angioedema coexisting chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is proved to result in patient anxiety occurrence, but the mechanisms and susceptibility patterns are unknown. Sense of coherence (SOC) is one of methods of coping with stress and is defined as a person’s general orientation toward life. We decided to assess SOC disturbances in CSU patients in the context of possible angioedema association. Methods: The study comprised 71 CSU subjects. To analyze disease activity, the Urticaria Activity Score seven-day assessment questionnaire (UAS7) was used. For anxiety assessment, the STAI questionnaire was used. The SOC-29 questionnaire, consisting of questions related to comprehensibility (SOC-C), manageability (SOC-M), and meaningfulness (SOC-Mf), was used to analyze SOC parameters (SOC-T). Results: In patients with coexisting angioedema, we observed statistically significantly lower values of SOC-Mf and SOC-T in comparison to the wheals only group. In the angioedema group, we noticed significant negative correlations between SOC-M and SOC-Mf, as well as SOC-T values and anxiety. In the wheals only group, we proved statistically significant correlations between SOC-Mf and SOC-T and anxiety assessed as a state. Conclusions: It is necessary to identify CSU patients manifesting angioedema as they are more likely to have impaired SOC. Lower SOC in this specific group of patients can be related to anxiety symptoms occurrence and should probably be an indication for psychological support.

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Zhang, Huihua, Junjian Chen, Zhifeng Wu, Dingqiang Li i Li Zhu. "Storage and spatial patterns of organic carbon of soil profiles in Guangdong Province, China". Soil Research 55, nr 4 (2017): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr16174.

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Regional soil organic carbon (SOC) investigations play an important role in building knowledge of the global soil C cycle system. The purpose of the present study was to estimate soil organic carbon (SOC) storage for different soil types and land uses in Guangdong Province, China. The results showed that the total SOC storage in the study area was 1.25 Pg, of which 0.41 Pg SOC was in A horizon soils (mean depth 17.0cm), 0.51 Pg SOC was in the B horizon (mean depth 29.5cm) and 0.33 Pg SOC was in the C horizon (mean depth 48.9cm). SOC storage in Ferrallisols was approximately 0.976 Pg for the total soil profile, accounting for 78.1% of total SOC storage. Forest soils were the main SOC pool by land use, accounting for approximately 80.3% of total SOC storage. Regardless of soil type and land use, subsoil was the primary SOC storage location in the study area. The SOC contents of the upper soil horizon were closely related to the SOC contents of the lower soil horizon, possibly suggesting that there is movement of SOC from the surface soil to lower horizons. Because of soil degradation and erosion, approximately 13.3 Tg SOC entered the surrounding water, accounting for 3.2% of the SOC storage of A horizon soils, and approximately 20.9 Tg SOC was redistributed in surface soils of the study area each year.

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Wang, Z., K. Van Oost, A. Lang, T. Quine, W. Clymans, R. Merckx, B. Notebaert i G. Govers. "The fate of buried organic carbon in colluvial soils: a long-term perspective". Biogeosciences 11, nr 3 (13.02.2014): 873–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-873-2014.

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Abstract. Colluvial soils are enriched in soil organic carbon (SOC) in comparison to the soils of upslope areas due to the deposition and progressive burial of SOC. This burial of SOC has important implications for the global carbon cycle, but the long-term dynamics of buried SOC remain poorly constrained. We addressed this issue by determining the SOC burial efficiency (i.e. the fraction of originally deposited SOC that is preserved in colluvial deposits) of buried SOC as well as the SOC stability in colluvial soils. We quantified the turnover rate of deposited SOC by establishing sediment and SOC burial chronologies. The SOC stability was derived from soil incubation experiments and the δ13C values of SOC. The C burial efficiency was found to decrease with time, reaching a constant ratio of approximately 17% by about 1000–1500 yr post-burial. This decrease is attributed to the increasing recalcitrance of the remaining buried SOC with time and a less favourable environment for SOC decomposition with increasing depth. Buried SOC in colluvial profiles was found to be more stable and degraded in comparison to SOC sampled at the same depth at a stable reference location. This is due to the preferential mineralisation of the labile fraction of the deposited SOC. Our study shows that SOC responds to burial over a centennial timescale; however, more insight into the factors controlling this response is required to fully understand how this timescale may vary, depending on specific conditions such as climate and depositional environment.

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19

Akray, Ismael, i Haval M. Mohammed Salih. "Cofinitely soc-supplemented lattices". Journal of Zankoy Sulaimani - Part A 18, nr 4 (5.06.2016): 205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17656/jzs.10576.

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Yu, He, Yueyu Sui, Yimin Chen, Tianli Bao i Xiaoguang Jiao. "Soil Organic Carbon Mineralization and Its Temperature Sensitivity under Different Substrate Levels in the Mollisols of Northeast China". Life 12, nr 5 (10.05.2022): 712. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12050712.

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Soil organic carbon (SOC) mineralization plays an important role in global climate change. Temperature affects SOC mineralization, and its effect can be limited by the substrate available. However, knowledge of the effects of temperature and substrate quality on SOC mineralization in the Mollisols of Northeast China is still lacking. In this study, based on a spatial transplant experiment, we conducted a 73-day incubation to examine the effects of temperature on SOC mineralization and its temperature sensitivity under different carbon levels. We found that the SOC content, incubation temperature and their interaction had significant effects on SOC mineralization. A higher SOC content and higher incubation temperature resulted in higher SOC mineralization. The temperature sensitivity of SOC mineralization was affected by the substrate quality. The temperature sensitivity of SOC mineralization, showed a downward trend during the incubation period, and the range of variation in the Q10 declined with the increment in the SOC content. The study suggested that there was a higher SOC mineralization in high levels of substrate carbon when the temperature increased. Further, SOC mineralization under higher SOC contents was more sensitive to temperature changes. Our study provides vital information for SOC turnover and the CO2 sequestration capacity under global warming in the Mollisols of Northeast China and other black soil regions of the world.

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Yang, Xueqin, Mingxiang Xu, Yunge Zhao, Liqian Gao i Shanshan Wang. "Moss-dominated biological soil crusts improve stability of soil organic carbon on the Loess Plateau, China". Plant, Soil and Environment 65, No. 2 (1.02.2019): 104–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/473/2018-pse.

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The succession of biological soil crust (biocrust) may alter soil organic carbon (SOC) stability by affecting SOC fractions in arid and semi-arid regions. In the study, the SOC fractions were measured including soil easily oxidizable carbon (SEOC), soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC), soil water soluble carbon (SWSC), and soil mineralizable carbon (SMC) at the Loess Plateau of China by using four biocrusts. The results show that SOC fractions in the biocrust layer were consistently higher than that in the subsoil layers. The average SOC content of moss crust was approximately 1.3–2.0 fold that of three other biocrusts. Moss crusts contain the lowest ratio of SEOC to SOC compared with other biocrusts. The ratio of SMC to SOC was the highest in light cyanobacteria biocrust and the lowest in moss crust, but no difference was observed in SMBC to SOC and SWSC to SOC in biocrust layers among four studied biocrusts. The results show that the moss crusts increase the accumulation of organic carbon into soil and reduce the ratio of SEOC to SOC and SMC to SOC. Together, these findings indicate that moss crusts increase the SOC stability and have important implications that SOC fractions and mineralization amount are good indicators for assessing the SOC stability.

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Wu, Zihao, Yiyun Chen, Zhen Yang, Yuanli Zhu i Yiran Han. "Mapping Soil Organic Carbon in Low-Relief Farmlands Based on Stratified Heterogeneous Relationship". Remote Sensing 14, nr 15 (26.07.2022): 3575. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14153575.

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Accurate mapping of farmland soil organic carbon (SOC) provides valuable information for evaluating soil quality and guiding agricultural management. The integration of natural factors, agricultural activities, and landscape patterns may well fit the high spatial variation of SOC in low-relief farmlands. However, commonly used prediction methods are global models, ignoring the stratified heterogeneous relationship between SOC and environmental variables and failing to reveal the determinants of SOC in different subregions. Using 242 topsoil samples collected from Jianghan Plain, China, this study explored the stratified heterogeneous relationship between SOC and natural factors, agricultural activities, and landscape metrics, determined the dominant factors of SOC in each stratum, and predicted the spatial distribution of SOC using the Cubist model. Ordinary kriging, stepwise linear regression (SLR), and random forest (RF) were used as references. SLR and RF results showed that land use types, multiple cropping index, straw return, and percentage of water bodies are global dominant factors of SOC. Cubist results exhibited that the dominant factors of SOC vary in different cropping systems. Compared with the SOC of paddy fields, the SOC of irrigated land was more affected by irrigation-related factors. The effect of straw return on SOC was diverse under different cropping intensities. The Cubist model outperformed the other models in explaining SOC variation and SOC mapping (fitting R2 = 0.370 and predicted R2 = 0.474). These results highlight the importance of exploring the stratified heterogeneous relationship between SOC and covariates, and this knowledge provides a scientific basis for farmland zoning management. The Cubist model, integrating natural factors, agricultural activities, and landscape metrics, is effective in explaining SOC variation and mapping SOC in low-relief farmlands.

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Broetje, Sylvia, Georg F. Bauer i Gregor J. Jenny. "The relationship between resourceful working conditions, work-related and general sense of coherence". Health Promotion International 35, nr 5 (11.11.2019): 1168–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapro/daz112.

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Abstract Sense of coherence (SoC) has been identified as an important health resource and is associated with various health-related outcomes, especially perceived health and mental health. SoC has also been found to be relevant in the work context. Our study examined whether job resources, such as autonomy or social support, can contribute to the development of SoC. We also examined the role of the setting-specific work-related sense of coherence (Work-SoC) as well as reciprocal relationships between the three variables. Participants (941) from Germany, Switzerland and Austria completed our questionnaires at three waves of data collection. Structural equation modeling was used to identify the best fitting model and interpret the relationships between variables. Our first hypothesis that job resources predict Work-SoC and that Work-SoC predicts SoC was confirmed. We also found support for our second hypothesis that SoC predicts Work-SoC and that Work-SoC predicts job resources. The indirect effects through Work-SoC were only marginally significant in both directions. Our findings illustrate complex and multidirectional relationships between the variables. Job resources seem to contribute to the strengthening of Work-SoC, which seems to set in motion a gain cycle of improved job resources, which again contribute to a higher Work-SoC. Over time, this might contribute to strengthening general SoC. However, our findings showed that SoC was highly stable over the observed 3-month interval, limiting the effect any other variable could exert on it. Future research should further examine the mechanisms and timeframes over which a setting-specific SoC contributes to the development of overall SoC.

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Salazar, María Paz, Rafael Villarreal, Luis Alberto Lozano, María Florencia Otero, Nicolás Guillermo Polich, Guido Lautaro Bellora i Carlos Germán Soracco. "Soil organic carbon". Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía 119, nr 2 (7.12.2020): 053. http://dx.doi.org/10.24215/16699513e053.

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Soil organic carbon (SOC) is an important factor for soil quality diagnosis. Physical and chemical fractionation of SOC are useful to characterize SOC, because some fractions are more sensitive indicators of the effects of different management practices. The aims of this study were (i) to determine values of SOC and different fractions of SOC at different depths and positions in an Argiudoll of the Argentinian Pampas under NT, and (ii) to determine the relation between physical and chemical fractions of SOC. In an experimental plot located in Chascomús, we determined SOC content, humic acids (HA), fulvic acids (FA), humins, coarse and fine particulate organic carbon (POCc and POCf) and mineral associated organic carbon (MOC), at different depths and in the row and inter-row. The content of SOC and different SOC fractions, as well as the contribution of each fraction to SOC showed a vertical variation. The contribution of HA and POCc (newer and more labile fractions) to SOC was larger in the surface than in deeper layers, while humins’ (older and more recalcitrant fraction) contribution to SOC increased with depth, and the contribution of FA, POCf and MOC to SOC remained relatively constant. There was no effect of row and inter-row in SOC content and composition. FA content was correlated to POCc, HA content to POCc and POCf and humins to MOC.

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Vos, Cora, Angélica Jaconi, Anna Jacobs i Axel Don. "Hot regions of labile and stable soil organic carbon in Germany – Spatial variability and driving factors". SOIL 4, nr 2 (6.06.2018): 153–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/soil-4-153-2018.

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Abstract. Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels can be mitigated by sequestering carbon in the soil. Sequestration can be facilitated by agricultural management, but its influence is not the same on all soil carbon pools, as labile pools with a high turnover may be accumulated much faster but are also more vulnerable to losses. The aims of this study were to (1) assess how soil organic carbon (SOC) is distributed among SOC fractions on a national scale in Germany, (2) identify factors influencing this distribution and (3) identify regions with high vulnerability to SOC losses. The SOC content and proportion of two different SOC fractions were estimated for more than 2500 mineral topsoils (< 87 g kg−1 SOC) covering Germany, using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy. Drivers of the spatial variability in SOC fractions were determined using the machine learning algorithm cforest. The SOC content and proportions of fractions were predicted with good accuracy (SOC content: R2 = 0.87–0.90; SOC proportions: R2 = 0.83; ratio of performance to deviation (RPD): 2.4–3.2). The main explanatory variables for the distribution of SOC among the fractions were soil texture, bulk soil C ∕ N ratio, total SOC content and pH. For some regions, the drivers were linked to the land-use history of the sites. Arable topsoils in central and southern Germany were found to contain the highest proportions and contents of stable SOC fractions, and therefore have the lowest vulnerability to SOC losses. North-western Germany contains an area of sandy soils with unusually high SOC contents and high proportions of light SOC fractions, which are commonly regarded as representing a labile carbon pool. This is true for the former peat soils in this area, which have already lost and are at high risk of losing high proportions of their SOC stocks. Those “black sands” can, however, also contain high amounts of stable SOC due to former heathland vegetation and need to be treated and discussed separately from non-black sand agricultural soils. Overall, it was estimated that, in large areas all over Germany, over 30 % of SOC is stored in easily mineralisable forms. Thus, SOC-conserving management of arable soils in these regions is of great importance.

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26

Liu, Yang, Xiaoyu Liu, Yanfang Feng, Dongsheng Yu i Xuezheng Shi. "Composition of a Soil Organic Carbon Increment under Different Vegetable Cultivation Patterns: A Study Using Three SOC Pools". Sustainability 11, nr 1 (21.12.2018): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11010035.

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Previous studies suggest that vegetable cultivation increases soil organic carbon (SOC) storage. However, how stable the SOC increment is, and how greenhouse cultivation contributes to the SOC increment in terms of quantity and stability, remains unclear. Soil samples were taken from three typical vegetable cultivation pattern fields: open field (OF), seasonal greenhouse (SG), and permanent greenhouse (PG), as well as adjacent non-vegetable fields. Three conceptual SOC pools, including active (Ca), slow (Cs), and resistant (Cr) pools were fractionated to evaluate SOC sequestration and its stability in vegetable cultivation. The results indicate that vegetable cultivation is associated with greater stored SOC compared with non-vegetable cultivation (SOC increased by 57.9% on average). Using non-vegetable fields as a reference, SOC increments by vegetable cultivation were associated with a higher proportion of Ca (3.7–6.6%) than the reference fields (1.0–2.0%), indicating that the SOC increments might be easily decomposed. Among the three vegetable cultivation patterns, SG, with a higher increase in Cr, is recommended due to its relatively more stable SOC sequestration. Overall, vegetable cultivation could enhance the quantity of SOC, but the stability of the SOC increment is affected by the vegetable cultivation pattern.

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Larsson, Paul. "Thomas Mathiesen, Dr. Soc." Nordisk Tidsskrift for Kriminalvidenskab 108, nr 2 (11.09.2021): 308–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/ntfk.v108i2.128527.

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Mehta, S. S., D. Weber, M. Terrovitis, K. Onodera, M. P. Mack, B. J. Kaczynski, H. Samavati i in. "An 802.11g WLAN SoC". IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 40, nr 12 (grudzień 2005): 2483–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2005.857418.

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Nandra, N. "Analogue synthesis for SoC". Electronics Systems and Software 1, nr 4 (1.08.2003): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ess:20030403.

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Goodall, Richard. "The ideal industrial SOC". Network Security 2019, nr 9 (wrzesień 2019): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1353-4858(19)30111-4.

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Truşcan, Dragoş, Torbjörn Lundkvist, Marcus Alanen, Kim Sandström, Ivan Porres i Johan Lilius. "MDE for SoC design". Innovations in Systems and Software Engineering 5, nr 1 (18.02.2009): 49–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11334-009-0077-4.

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Tyler, Neil. "Empowering Soc Design Teams". New Electronics 52, nr 14 (23.07.2019): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/s0047-9624(22)61572-4.

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Tyler, Neil. "Mediatek Unveils 5G SoC". New Electronics 53, nr 13 (28.07.2020): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/s0047-9624(22)61330-0.

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Alrajhi, Saad, Alan Barkun, Viviane Adam, Kashi Callichurn, Myriam Martel, Olaya Brewer, Mouen A. Khashab, Nauzer Forbes, Majid A. Almadi i Yen-I. Chen. "Early cholangioscopy-assisted electrohydraulic lithotripsy in difficult biliary stones is cost-effective". Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology 14 (styczeń 2021): 175628482110313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17562848211031388.

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Background and Aims: Single-operator cholangioscopy-assisted electrohydraulic lithotripsy (SOC-EHL) is effective and safe in difficult choledocholithiasis. The optimal timing of SOC-EHL use, however, in refractory stones has not been elucidated. The following aims to determine the most cost-effective timing of SOC-EHL introduction in the management of choledocholithiasis. Methods: A cost-effectiveness model was developed assessing three strategies with a progressively delayed introduction of SOC-EHL. Probability estimates of patient pathways were obtained from a systematic review. The unit of effectiveness is complete ductal clearance without need for surgery. Cost is expressed in 2018 US dollars and stem from outpatient US databases. Results: The three strategies achieved comparable ductal clearance rates ranging from 97.3% to 99.7%. The least expensive strategy is to perform SOC-EHL during the first endoscopic retrograde cholangiography pancreatography (ERCP) (SOC-1: 18,506$). The strategy of postponing the use of SOC-EHL to the third ERCP (SOC-3) is more expensive (US$18,895) but is 2% more effective. (0.9967). SOC-EHL during the second ERCP in the model (SOC-2) is the least cost-effective. Sensitivity analyses show altered conclusions according to the cost of SOC-EHL, effectiveness of conventional ERCP, and altered willingness-to-pay (WTP) thresholds with early SOC-1 being the most optimal approach below a WTP cut-off of US$20,295. Conclusions: Early utilization of SOC-EHL (SOC-1) in difficult choledocholithiasis may be the least costly strategy with an effectiveness approximating those achieved with a delayed approach where one or more conventional ERCP(s) are reattempted prior to SOC-EHL introduction.

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35

LIANG, A. Z., X. M. YANG, X. P. ZHANG, X. W. CHEN, N. B. MCLAUGHLIN, S. C. WEI, Y. ZHANG, S. X. JIA i S. X. ZHANG. "Changes in soil organic carbon stocks under 10-year conservation tillage on a Black soil in Northeast China". Journal of Agricultural Science 154, nr 8 (11.02.2016): 1425–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002185961500132x.

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SUMMARYBiased assessment of tillage impacts on soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration are often associated with a lack of information on the initial level of SOC stocks. The present study reported the changes in SOC concentrations and stocks following 10-year different tillage practices relative to the initial SOC levels. The tillage trial included no tillage (NT), ridge tillage (RT) and mouldboard plough (MP) on a Black soil (Hapludolls) in Northeast China. Results showed that tillage, soil depth and time significantly affected SOC concentration and SOC stock. Tillage and crop residue retention had great impacts on the SOC concentrations in the top 0·1 m layer. Compared with MP and NT, RT resulted in higher SOC concentration and SOC stock in the plough layer (0–0·2 m), which became more obvious with time. The soil under NT and RT had higher stratification ratios (SR) of SOC (SR, the ratio of SOC concentration in 0–0·05 m to that in 0·1–0·2 m) than under MP. Significant positive and nearly identical linear relationships between the SR of SOC and the duration of tillage practices occurred for both NT and RT soils; the increased SR in NT resulted from both SOC increase in surface and SOC decrease in subsurface soils, but in RT, the increased SR was only from a substantial SOC increase in surface soil. Accordingly, the present study highlights that RT was more helpful than NT in carbon sequestration for the studied Black soil in Northeast China.

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van Straaten, Oliver, Marife D. Corre, Katrin Wolf, Martin Tchienkoua, Eloy Cuellar, Robin B. Matthews i Edzo Veldkamp. "Conversion of lowland tropical forests to tree cash crop plantations loses up to one-half of stored soil organic carbon". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, nr 32 (27.07.2015): 9956–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1504628112.

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Tropical deforestation for the establishment of tree cash crop plantations causes significant alterations to soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics. Despite this recognition, the current Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) tier 1 method has a SOC change factor of 1 (no SOC loss) for conversion of forests to perennial tree crops, because of scarcity of SOC data. In this pantropic study, conducted in active deforestation regions of Indonesia, Cameroon, and Peru, we quantified the impact of forest conversion to oil palm (Elaeis guineensis), rubber (Hevea brasiliensis), and cacao (Theobroma cacao) agroforestry plantations on SOC stocks within 3-m depth in deeply weathered mineral soils. We also investigated the underlying biophysical controls regulating SOC stock changes. Using a space-for-time substitution approach, we compared SOC stocks from paired forests (n = 32) and adjacent plantations (n = 54). Our study showed that deforestation for tree plantations decreased SOC stocks by up to 50%. The key variable that predicted SOC changes across plantations was the amount of SOC present in the forest before conversion—the higher the initial SOC, the higher the loss. Decreases in SOC stocks were most pronounced in the topsoil, although older plantations showed considerable SOC losses below 1-m depth. Our results suggest that (i) the IPCC tier 1 method should be revised from its current SOC change factor of 1 to 0.6 ± 0.1 for oil palm and cacao agroforestry plantations and 0.8 ± 0.3 for rubber plantations in the humid tropics; and (ii) land use management policies should protect natural forests on carbon-rich mineral soils to minimize SOC losses.

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Simon, Antonia, i Charlie Owen. "Mapping trends in the care workforce using SOC 1990 and SOC 2000". Economic & Labour Market Review 1, nr 9 (wrzesień 2007): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.elmr.1410140.

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Xu, Chu, Timothy Cleary i Hosam K. Fathy. "Improving Li-S Battery SOC Estimation using an SOC-Dependent Resistance Model". IFAC-PapersOnLine 56, nr 3 (2023): 439–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2023.12.063.

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Jiang, Yamin, Huai Yang, Qiu Yang, Wenjie Liu, Zhaolei Li, Wei Mao, Xu Wang i Zhenghong Tan. "The stability of soil organic carbon across topographies in a tropical rainforest". PeerJ 9 (27.08.2021): e12057. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12057.

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Mechanisms of soil organic carbon (SOC) stability are still unclear in forest ecosystems. In order to unveil the influences of topography on the SOC stability, a 60ha dynamic plot of a tropical montane rainforest was selected in Jianfengling, in Hainan Island, China and soil was sampled from 60 quadrats. The chemical fractions of the SOC were detected with 13C CPMAS/NMR and path analyses explore the mechanisms of SOC stability in different topographies. The chemical fractions of the SOC comprised alkyl carbon > O-alkyl carbon > carboxyl carbon > aromatic carbon. The decomposition index (DI) values were greater than 1 in the different topographies, with an average DI value was 1.29, which indicated that the SOC in the study area was stable. Flat and top areas (together named RF) had more favorable nutrients and silt contents compared with steep and slight steep areas (together named RS). The influencing factors of SOC stability varied across the topographies, where SOC, soil moisture (SM) and ammoniacal nitrogen (NH4+-N, AN) were the main influencing factors in the RF, while SM and AN were the main factors in the RS. Greater SOC and AN strengthened the SOC stability, while higher soil moisture lowered SOC stability. The inertia index was higher in the RS than the RF areas, indicating that local topography significantly affects SOC content and SOC stability by changing soil environmental factors. Topography cannot be neglected in considering SOC stability and future C budgets.

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Gupta, M. K., S. Sharma i Manoj Kumar. "Carbon Sequestration in the soils under different land uses in Panchkula District of Haryana". Indian Journal of Forestry 37, nr 3 (1.09.2014): 241–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2014-vrd8ug.

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Changes in land use and vegetation cover affect various soil properties, including the soil organic carbon (SOC) store and the transfer of atmospheric CO2 to terrestrial landscapes. A study was conducted to estimate the organic carbon stock in the soils under five land uses viz. Forests, Plantations, Horticulture, Agroforestry and Agriculture in Panchkula district of Haryana. Higher SOC store i.e., 58.24 Mg ha-1 was estimated under Chir while miscellaneous forests were having 53.99 Mg ha-1. SOC store under Chir forest was 7.87 % higher as compared to the SOC store under miscellaneous forests. Under plantation land use, maximum SOC stock was under Eucalyptus (41.10 Mg t ha-1) followed by Teak (39.19 Mg ha-1), Khair (35.81 Mg ha-1), Poplar (31.98 Mg ha-1) while minimum SOC store was under Shisham (30.05 Mg ha-1). Under horticulture land use, maximum SOC stock was under Guava (46.41 Mg ha-1) followed by Aonla (45.62 Mg ha-1) while under Mango it was 41.64 Mg ha-1. Under Agroforestry land use there was Rice – Poplar model was available and SOC store was observed 37.70 Mg t ha-1. In agriculture land use SOC store was 33.97 Mg ha-1 in the district. In Panchkula district, maximum SOC stock was under forests (55.17 Mg ha-1) followed by Horticulture (45.49 Mg t ha-1), Agroforestry (37.70 Mg ha-1), Plantations (37.14 Mg ha-1) and the least was under Agriculture (33.97 Mg ha-1). When SOC store under different land uses were tested by one - way ANOVA, it was found that SOC store under all land uses were significantly different (Variance ratio, F = 11.762; p = < 0.05). SOC store under forests was statistically significantly different with the SOC store under horticulture, plantation and agriculture. SOC store under horticulture was significantly different from the SOC store under plantation and agriculture.

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Hu, Tongxin, Cheng Yu, Xu Dou, Yujing Zhang, Guangxin Li i Long Sun. "Simulation of Soil Organic Carbon Dynamics in Postfire Boreal Forests of China by Incorporating High-Resolution Remote Sensing Data and Field Measurement". Fire 6, nr 11 (26.10.2023): 414. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire6110414.

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Soil organic carbon (SOC) is an important component of the ecosystem carbon pool, and fire is one of the important disturbances in forest ecosystems. With global warming, there has been a gradual increase in boreal forest fires, which has a nonnegligible impact on the SOC dynamics in forests. The CENTURY model was employed in our study to simulate the changes in SOC stocks in boreal forests of the Great Xing’an Mountains, China under different fire severity conditions. Fire severity was represented by the metric of difference normalized burn ratio (dNBR) derived from 30-m Landsat-8 imageries. Changes in forest SOC stocks following fire disturbance were predicted under four future Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6.0, and RCP8.5). We found that the CENTURY model had good results in simulating the SOC stocks in the postfire of China’s boreal forests. Forest SOC dynamics responded differently to fire severities and the larger SOC loss was associated with increasing fire severity. Importantly, a feedback mechanism was found between climate change and SOC stocks, which reduces SOC stocks with increasing temperatures. High-severity forest fires tended to cause serious damage to the SOC pool and delay forest SOC recovery time; after such events, forest SOC stocks cannot be fully recovered to the prefire levels (6.74% loss). In addition, higher CO2 emissions and warmer temperatures significantly affected the recovery of SOC stocks after fire disturbance, resulting in larger SOC losses. Overall, we projected losses of 10.14%, 12.06%, 12.41%, and 15.70% of SOC stocks after high-severity fires in four RCP scenarios, respectively. Our findings emphasize the importance of fire disturbance and climate change on future dynamics of SOC stocks in China’s boreal forests, providing a scientific basis for future boreal forest management and fire management.

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Flensborg-Madsen, Trine, Søren Ventegodt i Joav Merrick. "Sense of Coherence and Physical Health. A Cross-Sectional Study Using a New Scale (SOC II)". Scientific World JOURNAL 6 (2006): 2200–2211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2006.350.

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In this study, we constructed a new sense of coherence scale (SOC II), where we eliminated the notion of predictability (that life is meant to be predictable), which was present in the original SOC scale developed by Aaron Antonovsky (19231994) (SOC-29 and SOC-13). Our hypothesis was that SOC II would show a higher degree of association with physical health than the original SOC scale. In order to test this idea, we used a cross-sectional study including 4,648 Danes and used the three different health measures: self-evaluated physical health, physical symptoms, and self-evaluated psychological health. We found that SOC II was positively associated with all three health measures with the correlation coefficients 0.338, 0.282, and 0.578, respectively. Furthermore, we found dose response tendencies for all three health measures across groups of SOC, since health improved with a higher SOC. By means of regression analysis, we found that SOC was significantly associated with all three health measures after stratifying for demographic variables, life style variables, life form variables, and attitude variables, respectively. We conclude from this study that the SOC II scale we developed seems better associated with physical health than found with the original SOC scale. We also postulate that the concept of predictability was irrelevant, or even disturbing, and should not be included in the SOC scale.

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Sundaresan, Sneha, Bharath Chandra Devabattini, Pradeep Kumar, Krishna R. Pattipati i Balakumar Balasingam. "Tabular Open Circuit Voltage Modelling of Li-Ion Batteries for Robust SOC Estimation". Energies 15, nr 23 (2.12.2022): 9142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15239142.

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Battery management systems depend on open circuit voltage (OCV) characterization for state of charge (SOC) estimation in real time. The traditional approach to OCV-SOC characterization involves collecting OCV-SOC data from sample battery cells and then fitting a polynomial model to this data. The parameters of these polynomial models are known as the OCV-parameters, or OCV-SOC parameters, in battery management systems and are used for real-time SOC estimation. Even though traditional OCV-SOC characterization approaches are able to abstract the OCV-SOC behavior of a battery in a few parameters, these parameters are only applicable in high precision computing systems. However, many practical battery applications do not have access to high-precision computing resources. The typical approach in a low-precision system is to round the OCV-parameters. This paper highlights the perils of rounding the OCV parameters and proposes an alternative OCV-SOC table. First, several existing OCV-SOC parameters are compared in terms of their expected system requirements and accuracy losses due to rounding. Then, a systematic optimization-based approach is introduced to create an OCV-SOC table that is robust to rounding. A formal performance evaluation metric is introduced to measure the robustness of the resulting OCV-SOC table. It is shown that the OCV-SOC table obtained through the proposed optimization approach outperforms the traditional parametric OCV-SOC models with respect to rounding.

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Redman, Jason M., Yo-Ting Tsai, Benjamin A. Weinberg, Renee N. Donahue, Shruti Gandhy, Margaret E. Gatti-Mays, Houssein Abdul Sater i in. "A Randomized Phase II Trial of mFOLFOX6 + Bevacizumab Alone or with AdCEA Vaccine + Avelumab Immunotherapy for Untreated Metastatic Colorectal Cancer". Oncologist 27, nr 3 (4.02.2022): 198–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oncolo/oyab046.

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Abstract Background FOLFOX plus bevacizumab is a standard of care (SOC) for first-line treatment of microsatellite-stable metastatic colorectal cancer (MSS mCRC). This study randomized patients to SOC or SOC plus avelumab (anti-PD-L1) plus CEA-targeted vaccine. Methods Patients with untreated MSS mCRC enrolled to a lead-in arm assessing safety of SOC + immuno-oncology agents (IO). Next, patients were randomized to SOC or SOC + IO. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Multiple immune parameters were analyzed. Results Six patients enrolled to safety lead-in, 10 randomized to SOC, and 10 to SOC + IO. There was no difference in median PFS comparing SOC versus SOC + IO (8.8 months (95% CI: 3.3-17.0 months) versus 10.1 months (95% CI: 3.6-16.1 months), respectively; hazard ratio 1.061 [P = .91; 95% CI: 0.380-2.966]). The objective response rate was 50% in both arms. Of patients analyzed, most (8/11) who received SOC + IO developed multifunctional CD4+/CD8+ T-cell responses to cascade antigens MUC1 and/or brachyury, compared to 1/8 who received SOC alone (P = .020). We detected post-treatment changes in immune parameters that were distinct to the SOC and SOC + IO treatment arms. Accrual closed after an unplanned analysis predicted a low likelihood of meeting the primary endpoint. Conclusions SOC + IO generated multifunctional MUC1- and brachyury-specific CD4+/CD8+ T cells despite concurrent chemotherapy. Although a tumor-directed immune response is necessary for T-cell–mediated antitumor activity, it was not sufficient to improve PFS. Adding agents that increase the number and function of effector cells may be required for clinical benefit.

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Jagasia, Madan, Christof Scheid, Gérard Socié, Francis Ayuketang Ayuk, Johanna Tischer, Michele L. Donato, Árpád Bátai i in. "Randomized controlled study of ECP with methoxsalen as first-line treatment of patients with moderate to severe cGVHD". Blood Advances 3, nr 14 (22.07.2019): 2218–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000145.

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Abstract The investigation of extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) plus standard of care (SoC) (SoC+ECP) in chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) within prospective, randomized clinical studies is limited, despite its frequent clinical use. This phase 1/pilot study was the first randomized, prospective study to investigate ECP use as first-line therapy in cGVHD, based on the 2015 National Institutes of Health (NIH) consensus criteria for diagnosis and response assessment. Adult patients with new-onset (≤3 years of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation) moderate or severe cGVHD were randomized 1:1 to 26 weeks of SoC+ECP vs SoC (corticosteroids and cyclosporine A/tacrolimus) between 2011 and 2015. The primary endpoint was overall response rate (ORR), defined as complete or partial response, at week 28 in the intention-to-treat population (ITT). Other outcomes included quality of life (QoL) measures and safety. Sixty patients were randomized; ITT included 53 patients (SoC+ECP: 29; SoC: 24). Week 28 ORR was 74.1% (SoC+ECP) and 60.9% (SoC). Investigator-assessed ORR was 56.0% (SoC+ECP) and 66.7% (SoC). Patients treated with SoC experienced a decline in QoL over the 28-week study period; QoL remained unchanged in SoC+ECP patients. Most frequent treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) in SoC+ECP patients were hypertension (31.0%), cough (20.7%), dyspnea (17.2%), and fatigue (17.2%). Seventeen patients (SoC+ECP: 8; SoC: 9) experienced 35 serious adverse events (SAEs). No TEAEs or SAEs were considered related to the ECP instrument or methoxsalen. The encouraging short-term results of this study could inform the design of subsequent studies. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01380535.

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Hiensch, Anouk E., Kate A. Bolam, Sara Mijwel, Anne M. May i Yvonne Wengström. "Sense of coherence and its relationship to participation, cancer-related fatigue, symptom burden, and quality of life in women with breast cancer participating in the OptiTrain exercise trial". Supportive Care in Cancer 28, nr 11 (5.03.2020): 5371–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00520-020-05378-0.

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Abstract Purpose This study examined the Sense of Coherence (SOC) of patients participating in the randomized controlled ‘Optimal Training for Women with Breast Cancer’ (OptiTrain) study and assessed how patient characteristics were associated with SOC. Secondary aims were to assess the association between SOC and patients’ participation in this study and to determine whether SOC moderates the effect of the 16-week exercise intervention on fatigue, quality of life (QoL), and symptom burden in women with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy. Methods Modified Poisson regression analyses were conducted to determine the relative risk of weak-normal SOC versus strong SOC in terms of exercise session attendance, study and intervention dropout, and long absence rates. Analyses of covariance were performed to assess whether SOC moderated the effect of the exercise intervention (pinteraction ≤ 0.10). Results Two hundred and forty women with early breast cancer (mean age 53 ± 10) participated in the OptiTrain study. Women with strong SOC reported less fatigue, lower symptom burden, and higher QoL. Women with weak-normal SOC were significantly more likely to drop out from the OptiTrain study and tended to have slightly poorer exercise session attendance. Women with breast cancer and weaker SOC benefitted as much from the exercise intervention, in terms of fatigue and QoL, as those with stronger SOC (pinteraction > 0.10). Conclusions Strong SOC appears to be associated with a more positive subjective state of health. Women with weak-normal SOC may need additional support to encourage participation and adherence in exercise trials. Assessing SOC may assist clinicians to identify and provide extra support for participants with weak SOC, who may be less inclined to participate in exercise programs.

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Beck, Lisa A., Thomas B. Casale, Eric Mortensen, Elizabeth Laws, Ryan B. Thomas i Chien-Chia Chuang. "507 - Dupilumab demonstrates greater improvement in disease activity than standard-of-care H1-antihistamines in CSU". British Journal of Dermatology 190, Supplement_2 (luty 2024): ii12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjd/ljad498.015.

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Abstract IntroductionChronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by wheals and/or angioedema recurring for >6 weeks. Cumulative distribution function (CDF) curves compare cumulative probabilities of response between treatments across responder definition spectrums. Methods LIBERTY-CSU CUPID Study A (NCT04180488) was a randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial of dupilumab treatment for 24 weeks in patients with CSU remaining symptomatic despite standard-of-care (SOC) H1-antihistamines. Patients were randomized to receive add-on dupilumab (dupilumab/SOC) or placebo (placebo/SOC) subcutaneously every 2 weeks. CDF curves were plotted for the distribution of possible within-patient response for Urticaria Activity Score over 7 days (UAS7), Itch Severity Score over 7 days (ISS7), and Hives Severity Score over 7 days (HSS7) for dupilumab/SOC and placebo/SOC arms. Results In CDF analysis at Week 24, more patients experienced UAS7, ISS7, and HSS7 improvements with dupilumab/SOC than placebo/SOC; 74.2% vs 50.0% of patients (dupilumab/SOC vs placebo/SOC) achieved ≥11-point reductions (minimal important difference [MID] threshold) in UAS7. Similarly, 78.8% vs 51.7% of patients (dupilumab/SOC vs placebo/SOC) reached ≥5-point reductions (MID threshold) in ISS7 and HSS7. The responder proportion was ≥20% greater for dupilumab/SOC vs placebo/SOC for response thresholds of 9.5- to 22-point reductions for UAS7, 4.5- to 11-point reductions for ISS7, and 5- to 11-point reductions for HSS7. Conclusion Irrespective of within-patient responder thresholds, greater proportions of patients experienced improvement in UAS7, ISS7, and HSS7 with dupilumab/SOC vs placebo/SOC at Week 24. Overall safety was consistent with the known dupilumab safety profile.

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Xu, Gang, Jiawei Song, Yang Zhang i Yingchun Lv. "Effects of biochar application on soil organic carbon mineralization during drying and rewetting cycles". BioResources 14, nr 4 (31.10.2019): 9957–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.14.4.9957-9967.

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Intense droughts and extreme precipitation events are likely to occur more frequently with global climate change. These drying-rewetting (DW) cycles affect the soil carbon (C) cycle. Biochar addition are reported to affect SOC mineralization and soil organic carbon (SOC) storage. However, the effects of biochar application on SOC mineralization during DW cycles are poorly understood. Two wheat straw (WS25) biochar produced at 300 °C (WS300) and 600 °C (WS600) were used to explore the effects of biochar on SOC mineralization under artificial DW cycles as compared to constant moisture (CM). It was found that biochar had different effects on SOC mineralization depending on biochar type or drying/rewetting period of DW cycles. Just like CK and WS25, WS600 application decreased SOC mineralization under DW cycles compared to CM. To some extent, SOC mineralization during DW cycles was similar to CM for WS300. The results suggested that WS300 addition diminished the reducing effect of DW cycle on SOC mineralization. In addition, biochar exhibited different effects on SOC mineralization depending on the drying and rewetting period under DW cycles. Biochar (WS300) addition during the drying period had less effect on SOC mineralization but increased the flush effect of SOC mineralization during the rewetting period. In conclusions, biochar application significantly affect SOC mineralization following DW cycles.

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ZHANG, F. H., H. C. YANG, W. J. GALE, Z. B. CHENG i J. H. YAN. "Temporal changes in soil organic carbon and aggregate-associated organic carbon after reclamation of abandoned, salinized farmland". Journal of Agricultural Science 155, nr 2 (13.07.2016): 205–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002185961600023x.

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SUMMARYA field experiment was conducted to quantify changes in soil aggregation and aggregate-associated soil organic carbon (SOC) concentration 1, 3, 5 and 10 years after abandoned, salinized land in the Manasi River Basin was reclaimed for cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Results showed that reclamation significantly increased SOC concentrations and SOC stocks. Specifically, 10 years of cotton production increased SOC concentrations by 45% in the 0–60 cm depth and SOC stocks by 35%. The SOC concentrations and stocks decreased as soil depth increased. Reclamation time, season and soil depth had significant interaction effects on SOC. The SOC concentrations were significantly and positively correlated with available soil nitrogen and available soil phosphorus. Compared with abandoned farmland, macro-aggregate-associated (>250 µm) SOC concentrations in the 0–60 cm depth increased by 47% after 5 years of cotton production and by 53% after 10 years of cotton production. The contribution of macro-aggregate-associated SOC to total SOC in the 0–60 cm depth increased by 87% after 5 years of cotton production and by 69% after 10 years of cotton production. The findings indicate that soil aggregates were more stable after abandoned, salinized farmland was reclaimed for cotton production. Furthermore, cotton production can increase SOC concentrations and sequester C in this arid area.

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Kaiser, Sabine, i Henriette Kyrrestad. "Måleegenskaper ved den norske versjonen av Sense of Coherence (SOC-13)". PsykTestBarn 8, nr 1 (24.01.2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21337/0056.

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Beskrivelse: Sense of Coherence (SOC)/Opplevelse av sammenheng ble utviklet av Antonovsky (1987) og består i originalversjonene av 29 spørsmål (SOC-29) og i en forkortet versjon av 13 spørsmål (SOC-13). SOC-13 er oversatt til norsk og alderstilpasset til barn og unge av Torsheim og Wold i 1998. Det foreligger ikke en norsk versjon av SOC-29 og denne artikkelen handler derfor kun om SOC-13. Det finnes rettighetshavere til SOC, men det stilles ingen kompetansekrav til administrering av testen. SOC kan beskrives som en indre holdning til hvordan folk ser på livet og i hvilken grad de opplever at stimuli de blir konfrontert med er begripelig, håndterbar og meningsfull, hvilket utgjør de tre skalaene. Det anbefales å anvende total skår. Høye skårer betyr høy opplevelse av sammenheng og er derfor ønskelig. Det tar omtrent 10–15 minutter å svare på SOC-13. Litteratursøk: Søket resulterte i 12 norske og 13 danske og svenske inkluderte studier, men studiene brukte ulike versjoner av SOC-13. Psykometri: Indre konsistens i form av Cronbach`s alfa var god for totalskåren av SOC-13 for de norske studiene. Begrepsvaliditet ble støttet gjennom konfirmerende faktoranalyse. Conclusion: Fremtidige studier anbefales å anvende en standardisert versjon av SOC-13 og det bør utvikles et norsk normgrunnlag for måleinstrumentet.

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