Rozprawy doktorskie na temat „SMAR1”

This master’s thesis consists of two articles where the first article is theoretical and the second is the empirical study. Article I The purpose with this paper is to explore and illuminate how smart home and smart home technology can contribute to enhance health and Quality of Life in elderly citizens and allow them to live longer in their home. The paper provides a brief introduction to health promotion and highlights the thesis theoretical framework and foundation of Aaron Antonovsky’s theory of Salutogenesis. In light of a growing elderly population worldwide, many nations are eager to search for new ways to meet this challenge. One of several possible solutions to this is smart homes and smart home technology. The papers concluding remarks is that even though there exists little empirical data in relation to achieved health benefits the literature shows that smart homes and smart home technology might contribute to enhance QoL in elderly citizens. Furthermore the paper is providing a proposal to a health promotional (salutogenic) framework and an example on how salutogenesis can be used in a practical and new way of thinking in relation to future development of smart homes and smart home technology. Article II The study’s primary objective is to examine in which ways smart homes and smart home technology can contribute to enhance health and Quality of Life (QoL) in elderly citizens and allow them to live longer in their homes. In addition to this it aims to explore if such technology increases safety, independence and enhances social activity. Six in-depth interviews with elderly citizens living in a smart home make the basis of the result. The interview protocol included questions regarding QoL, smart homes and smart home technology, safety and security and independence. The interviews were recorded and the recordings were transcribed. To analyze the data material a content analysis  and systematical text condensation were used as inspiration. The results showed that there wasn’t a single factor that could contribute to an enhancement in QoL, but the totality of several. The study concludes that smart homes and smart home technology can contribute to enhance health and QoL in elderly citizens and master to live longer in their homes, but further investigation is needed in order to draw a final conclusion.<br>Denne masteroppgaven er skrevet i artikkelform og består av en teoretisk og en empirisk artikkel. Artikkel I Hensikten artikkelen er å utforske og belyse hvordan smarthus og smarthusteknologi kan være med på å forbedre helse og livskvalitet hos eldre mennesker. I tillegg til dette undersøkes det om denne teknologien kan bidra til å øke eldre menneskers muligheter for å bo lengre i sine egne hjem. Artikkelen gir en kort innføring i helsefremming, og belyser masteroppgavens teoretiske rammeverk og fundament i Aaron Antonovsky’s teori om Salutogenese. I lyset av en raskt voksende aldrende befolkning verden over, er mange nasjoner ivrige etter å søke nye metoder for å møte denne utfordringen. En av flere mulige løsninger til dette er smarthus og smarthusteknologi. Artikkelens avsluttende bemerkninger er at selv om det finnes lite empirisk data på dette feltet, viser litteraturen at smarthus og smarthusteknologi kan være med å bidra til en økning i livskvalitet hos eldre mennesker, dette gjennom en økt følelse selvstendighet, trygghet, sikkerhet og trivsel. Videre blir det foreslått et mulig helsefremmende salutogent rammeverk, og gitt et eksempel på hvordan salutogenese kan brukes i praksis og som kan være med på å bidra i utviklingen av fremtidige helsefremmende smarthus. Artikkel II Studien tar sikte på å undersøke på hvilken måte smarthus og smarthusteknologi bidrar til å forbedre helse og livskvalitet hos eldre mennesker og om denne teknologien bidrar til å øke deres muligheter til å bo lengre i sine hjem. Det undersøkes også om denne teknologien bidrar til økt sikkerhet, uavhengighet og sosial aktivitet blant eldre. Det ble gjennomført seks dybdeintervjuer med eldre beboere i et smarthus som danner det empiriske grunnlaget i studien. Intervjuguiden består av spørsmål som tar for seg livskvalitet (QoL), smarthus og smarthusteknologi, sikkerhet og uavhengighet. For å analysere datamaterialet har en innholdsanalyse og systematisk tekstkondensering vært en inspirasjon. Resultatene viser at det ikke var en enkelt faktor som bidro til å øke deres livskvalitet, men det totale av det Kampen Omsorg+ (KO+) tilbød. Smarthus og smarthusteknologi kan bidra til å øke helse og livskvaliteten og i tillegg bidra til at eldre mennesker kan leve lengre i sine hjem, men det er et behov for videre undersøkelser for å kunne trekke en avsluttende konklusjon.

The smarter homes of tomorrow promise to increase comfort, aid elderly and disabled people, and help inhabitants save energy. Unfortunately, smart homes today are far from this vision – people who already live in such a home struggle with complicated user interfaces, inflexible home configurations, and difficult installation procedures. Under these circumstances, smart homes are not ready for mass adoption. This dissertation addresses these issues by proposing two smart assistants for smart homes. The first assistant is a recommender system that suggests useful services (i.e actions that the home can perform for the user). The recommended services are fitted to the user’s current situation, habits, and preferences. With these recommendations it is possible to build much simpler user interfaces that highlight the most interesting choices currently available. Configuration becomes much more flexible: since the recommender system automatically learns user habits, user routines no longer have to be manually described. Evaluations with two smart home datasets show that the correct service is included in the top five recommendations in 90% of all cases. The second assistant addresses the difficult installation procedures. The unique feature of this assistant is that it removes the need for manually describing device functionalities (such descriptions are needed by the recommender system). Instead, users can simply plug in a new device, begin using it, and let the installation assistant identify what the device is doing. The installation assistant has minimal requirements for manufacturers of smart home devices and was successfully integrated with an existing smart home. Evaluations performed with this smart home show that the assistant can quickly and reliably learn device functionalities.<br><p>QC 20130924</p>

Flat-rate electricity tariffs in Great Britain, which have no price variation throughout a day or a year, have been ongoing for decades to recover the cost of energy production and delivery. However, this type of electricity tariff has little incentives to encourage customers to modify their demands to suit the condition of the power supply system. Hence, it is challenged in the new smart grid environment, where demand side responses have important roles to play to encourage conventional energy efficiency and support the integration of renewable generation. In order to accommodate this new environment, the investigations of smart tariff designs and their applications in demand side response are therefore carried out from three main aspects. In a high carbon system dominated by controllable fossil generation where energy peaks typically coincide with those of networks, smart tariffs are developed by statistically tracking dynamic energy price variation tendencies and categorising real-time prices to form time-of-use patterns that capture the most significant price variations without compromising too much accuracy in total energy revenue from customers. In a low carbon system where energy peaks and network peaks may not be in synchronism at all times, additional complications will be raised when developing smart tariffs and optimal demand side response strategies. A new concept is developed in this thesis to allow shared utilization of energy storage between customers and distributed network operators to respond to conflicting energy price and network conditions. In this work, two operation models of storage share are implemented. One is fixed share between customers and network operators regardless of network conditions, and the other is dynamic share that storage capacity utilized by network operator changes with network condition. The consequential system benefit in terms of energy cost reduction and network cost saving is evaluated and converted into per unit cost reduction in the energy bill. Addition to technical solution in the form of storage, the benefit from household demand shifting, such as shifting wet appliances, in the presence of smart tariffs is evaluated. The value of household demand shifting is quantified as an equivalent storage capacity for the investigation of complementarity between technical and social interventions.

There is a need for models that produce results that are both timely and sufficiently accurate to be useful to policy makers. The minimum-data approach of Antle and Valdivia (2006) responds to this need by supplying a spatially explicit first order approximation that models ecosystem supply by producers. However, producers in developing nations often are observed to deviate from simple expected profit maximization. Risk is one possible explanation for this divergence. This study builds upon the minimum-data approach by allowing for risk averse producer preferences. The study presents a framework for translating relative risk aversion measurements into the parameters needed for the mean-standard deviation utility function. This study utilizes experimental and econometric measurements of risk aversion by other researchers to parameterize the model. Historic weather data are used with crop yield models to simulate temporal variation in crop yields. The model is used to simulate the supply of carbon sequestration in Machakos, Kenya. At low levels of risk, producers behave in a manner consistent with risk neutrality. However as risks and risk aversion levels increase, there is an increasing divergence from the behavior implied by expected profit maximization. The effects of varying the structure of risk preferences were also examined. This study finds that, consistent with the results in a number of other studies, the level of risk aversion is generally a more important factor in simulated behavior than the structure of risk preferences. This study also examines the effects of increasing the spatial variation of returns. As the spatial variation of returns increases, the predicted producer behavior converges on a fifty percent rate of adoption of the carbon sequestering system, regardless of other parameters. Overall, this study finds that - at levels of risk aversion measured in similar populations in developing nations - the inclusion of risk aversion in the model provides an explanation for why the observed behavior of producers appears to diverge from expected profit maximization.

In recent years, energy crisis and climate changes have raised a significant attention globally. There’s an increasing awareness of maximising the utilisation of distributed energy resources to ease local network congestion, reduce carbon emissions and even support the grid. This thesis presents a shared energy storage system across multiple apartments to reduce investment and operation costs. Both hardware integration solution and software Cloud connected energy management system are designed and implemented. The solution has been deployed and trialled in residential building block running for two years in a pilot project. The performance of is evaluated through data analytics from the deployed systems. The business model for the above system is proposed and explored. The optimisation is enhanced with various energy services based on fuzzy logic rules to manage controllable loads and incorporate with grid tariffs are designed and evaluated. The feasibility and performance of the proposed energy services is validated through simulation platform with load and generation data profiles extracted from the deployed systems. An aggregated energy management services for apartment buildings is proposed. Business models with incentive scheme are exploited to minimise the operation cost. Its performance is conducted in case studies through various scenarios.

In recent years, the demand for electricity has increased in households with the use of different appliances. This raises a concern to many developed and developing nations with the demand in immediate increase of electricity. There is a need for consumers or people to track their daily power usage in houses. In Sweden, scarcity of energy resources is faced during the day. So, the responsibility of human to save and control these resources is also important. This research work focuses on a Smart Metering data for distributing the electricity smartly and efficiently to the consumers. The main drawback of previously used traditional meters is that they do not provide information to the consumers, which is accomplished with the help of Smart Meter. A Smart Meter helps consumer to know the information of consumption of electricity for appliances in their respective houses. The aim of this research work is to measure and analyze power consumption using Smart Meter data by conducting case study on various households. In addition of saving electricity, Smart Meter data illustrates the behaviour of consumers in using devices. As power consumption is increasing day by day there should be more focus on understanding consumption patterns i.e. measurement and analysis of consumption over time is required. In case of developing nations, the technology of employing smart electricity meters is still unaware to many common people and electricity utilities. So, there is a large necessity for saving energy by installing these meters. Lowering the energy expenditure by understanding the behavior of consumers and its correlation with electricity spot prices motivated to perform this research. The methodology followed to analyze the outcome of this study is exhibited with the help of a case analysis, ARIMA model using XLSTAT tool and a flattening technique. Based on price evaluation results provided in the research, hypothesis is attained to change the behavior of consumers when they have better control on their habits. This research contributes in measuring the Smart Meter power consumption data in various households and interpretation of the data for hourly measurement could cause consumers to switch consumption to off-peak periods. With the results provided in this research, users can change their behavior when they have better control on their habits. As a result, power consumption patterns of Smart electricity distribution are studied and analyzed, thereby leading to an innovative idea for saving the limited resource of electrical energy.<br>+91 9908265578

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 26-29, 1992 / Town and Country Hotel and Convention Center, San Diego, California<br>The SMART (Smart Modularized Advanced Reusable Telemeter) is an advanced telemetry system. The SMART system enhances the quality of a weapon system by providing an adaptable built-in telemetry capability for the weapon. Existing weapon telemetry systems are centralized, separate components which require many fault-prone interconnections. This system reduces the number of interconnections and provides higher performance than current systems. The modular system uses a high data-rate serial data link that connects remote measurement modules located throughout the unit-under-test. A smart processor is used to analyze and compress data from the various modules prior to transmission, making more effective use of the telemetry bandwidth. The smart processing unit also adapts the measurement units for changing test conditions on-the-fly. The system will allow more complete testing of the weapon system and solve a broader range of problems. The goal of the SMART project is to utilize the most advanced technology to overcome the current design methodologies that have perpetuated shortcomings in present systems. This project is being conceptualized to encompass a broader range of telemetry applications beyond the present weapon systems at Sandia.

Smart Environments are currently considered a key factor to connect the physical world with the information world. A Smart Environment can be defined as the combination of a physical environment, an infrastructure for data management (called Smart Space), a collection of embedded systems gathering heterogeneous data from the environment and a connectivity solution to convey these data to the Smart Space. With this vision, any application which takes advantages from the environment could be devised, without the need to directly access to it, since all information are stored in the Smart Space in a interoperable format. Moreover, according to this vision, for each entity populating the physical environment, i.e. users, objects, devices, environments, the following questions can be arise: “Who?”, i.e. which are the entities that should be identified? “Where?” i.e. where are such entities located in physical space? and “What?” i.e. which attributes and properties of the entities should be stored in the Smart Space in machine understandable format, in the sense that its meaning has to be explicitly defined and all the data should be linked together in order to be automatically retrieved by interoperable applications. Starting from this the location detection is a necessary step in the creation of Smart Environments. If the addressed entity is a user and the environment a generic environment, a meaningful way to assign the position, is through a Pedestrian Tracking System. In this work two solution for these type of system are proposed and compared. One of the two solution has been studied and developed in all its aspects during the doctoral period. The work also investigates the problem to create and manage the Smart Environment. The proposed solution is to create, by means of natural interactions, links between objects and between objects and their environment, through the use of specific devices, i.e. Smart Objects

Smart Environments are currently considered a key factor to connect the physical world with the information world. A Smart Environment can be defined as the combination of a physical environment, an infrastructure for data management (called Smart Space), a collection of embedded systems gathering heterogeneous data from the environment and a connectivity solution to convey these data to the Smart Space. With this vision, any application which takes advantages from the environment could be devised, without the need to directly access to it, since all information are stored in the Smart Space in a interoperable format. Moreover, according to this vision, for each entity populating the physical environment, i.e. users, objects, devices, environments, the following questions can be arise: “Who?”, i.e. which are the entities that should be identified? “Where?” i.e. where are such entities located in physical space? and “What?” i.e. which attributes and properties of the entities should be stored in the Smart Space in machine understandable format, in the sense that its meaning has to be explicitly defined and all the data should be linked together in order to be automatically retrieved by interoperable applications. Starting from this the location detection is a necessary step in the creation of Smart Environments. If the addressed entity is a user and the environment a generic environment, a meaningful way to assign the position, is through a Pedestrian Tracking System. In this work two solution for these type of system are proposed and compared. One of the two solution has been studied and developed in all its aspects during the doctoral period. The work also investigates the problem to create and manage the Smart Environment. The proposed solution is to create, by means of natural interactions, links between objects and between objects and their environment, through the use of specific devices, i.e. Smart Objects

<p> A smart grid is an electricity network that accommodates two-way power flows, and utilizes two-way communications and increased measurement, in order to provide more information to customers and aid in the development of a more efficient electricity market. The current electrical network is outdated and has many shortcomings relating to power flows, inefficient electricity markets, generation/supply balance, a lack of information for the consumer and insufficient consumer interaction with electricity markets. Many of these challenges can be addressed with a smart grid, but there remain significant barriers to the implementation of a smart grid. </p><p> This paper proposes a novel method for the development of a smart grid utilizing a bottom up approach (starting with smart buildings/campuses) with the goal of providing the framework and infrastructure necessary for a smart grid instead of the more traditional approach (installing many smart meters and hoping a smart grid emerges). This novel approach involves combining deterministic and statistical methods in order to accurately estimate building electricity use down to the device level. It provides model users with a cheaper alternative to energy audits and extensive sensor networks (the current methods of quantifying electrical use at this level) which increases their ability to modify energy consumption and respond to price signals </p><p> The results of this method are promising, but they are still preliminary. As a result, there is still room for improvement. On days when there were no missing or inaccurate data, this approach has R² of about 0.84, sometimes as high as 0.94 when compared to measured results. However, there were many days where missing data brought overall accuracy down significantly. In addition, the development and implementation of the calibration process is still underway and some functional additions must be made in order to maximize accuracy. The calibration process must be completed before a reliable accuracy can be determined. </p><p> While this work shows that a combination of a deterministic and statistical methods can accurately forecast building energy usage, the ability to produce accurate results is heavily dependent upon software availability, accurate data and the proper calibration of the model. Creating the software required for a smart building model is time consuming and expensive. Bad or missing data have significant negative impacts on the accuracy of the results and can be caused by a hodgepodge of equipment and communication protocols. Proper calibration of the model is essential to ensure that the device level estimations are sufficiently accurate. Any building model which is to be successful at creating a smart building must be able to overcome these challenges.</p>

2014 - 2015<br>One of the mega trends over the past century has been humanity’s move towards cities. Public Administration and Municipalities are facing a challenging task, to harmonize a sustainable urban development offering to people in city the best living conditions. Smart cities are now considered a winning urban strategy able to increase the quality of life by using technology in urban space, both improving the environmental quality and delivering better services to the citizens. Mobility is a key element to support this new approach in the growth of the cities. In fact, transport produces several negative impacts and problems for the quality of life in cities, such as, pollution, traffic and congestion. Therefore, Sustainable Mobility is one of the most promising topics in smart city, as it could produce high benefits for the quality of life of almost all the city stakeholders. The boldest and imminent challenge awaiting mobility in smart cities is the introduction of the electricity as energy vector instead of fossil fuels, concerning both the collective and the private transports. Electric public transport include electric city buses, trolleybuses, trams (or light rail), passenger trains and rapid transit (metro/subways/undergrounds, etc.). Even though railway systems are the most energy efficient than other transport modes, the enhancement of energy efficiency is an important issue to reduce their contributions to climate change further as well as to save and enlarge competition advantages involved. One key means for improving energy efficiency is to deploy advanced systems and innovative technologies. Additionally, electrification of the private road transport has emerged as a trend to support energy efficiency and CO2 emissions reduction targets. According to the International Energy Agency, in order to limit average global temperature increases to 2°C - the critical threshold that scientists say will prevent dangerous climate change -, by 2050, 21% of carbon reductions must come from the transport sector. Full electric vehicles (EVs) use electric motor and battery energy for propulsion, which has higher efficiency and lower operating cost compared to the conventional internal combustion engine vehicle. Today, there are more than 20 models offered by different brands covering different range of sizes, styles, prices and powertrains to suit the wider range of consumers as possible. The continuous development of lithium ion battery and of fast charging technology will be the major facilitators for EVs roll out in the very near future. However, the present EVs industry meets many technical limitations, such as high initial price, long battery recharge time, limited charging facilities and driving range. Although it is desirable a fast development from the start of electric mobility, its impact on the existing power grid must be assessed beforehand to see if it is necessary prior an adjustment of power infrastructure or/and the introduction of new services in the power grid. In fact, the interconnection of EVs on the power grid for charging their batteries potentially introduces negative impacts on grid operation: uncontrolled charging can significantly increase average load in the existing power systems, with problems in terms of reliability and overloads. If uncontrolled EV charging is added to the system, this can have effects both at the distribution and at the generation level. Controlled or smart charging will allow a much greater number of cars in the cities, avoiding local overload and allowing a faster EVs penetration without requiring an imminent improvement of the electricity generating and grid capacity. Smart charging might also allow load balancing both at sub-station and at the grid level, particularly with charging at peak wind supply times. This kind of use of EV battery capacity for storing electric energy may ease the integration of large scale intermittent electricity sources such as renewable energy sources. The proposed PhD Dissertation is developed in the context just described, mainly focusing the attention on the impact that electric mobility will have on the power systems and the effectiveness of solutions aimed to increase the reliability and resilience in the smart grid. In particular, it is addressed a scenario analysis regarding the electric vehicles charging management and some innovative solutions to increase energy efficiency in electrified transport systems. The first chapter emphasizes on the key aspects related to the sustainable mobility in the smart cities of the future. It provides a brief overview on the transport sector energy consumption expected in the next years. In particular, the chapter shows the significant contribution that the electrification of urban transport may provide to the sustainable mobility, and the serious concerns related to its impact on existing power systems. Chapter 2 proposes a solution method for an optimal generation rescheduling and load-shedding (GRLS) problem in microgrids in order to determine a stable equilibrium state following unexpected outages of generation or sudden increase in demand. The chapter mainly focuses on the mathematical formulation of the GRLS problem and the proposed solution algorithm. Finally, simulations results carried out by using a real case study data are presented and discussed. In Chapter 3, a simple and effective methodology is proposed to analyze data acquired during the fulfillment of the COSMO research project, and to identify typical load pattern for the EVs charging. The chapter also presents a novel scheduling problem formulation, flattening the demand load profile and minimizing the EVs charging costs, according to the electricity prices during the day. Finally, some simulations results are discussed, showing the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. Chapter 4 introduces some innovative solutions for energy efficiency in urban railway systems focusing, in particular, on energy storage systems and eco-drive operations in metro networks. The mathematical formulation of these optimization problems and the proposed solution algorithms are illustrated and discussed. The obtained results are part of the activity carried out in the SFERE research project. Finally, Chapter 5 ends the Dissertation with some concluding remarks and further developments of the proposed research activity. [edited by author]<br>Una delle grandi tendenze nel corso del secolo scorso è stata la concentrazione della popolazione nelle città. Attualmente, le Pubbliche Amministrazioni e i Comuni si trovano ad affrontare un compito impegnativo per armonizzare uno sviluppo urbano sostenibile e offrire agli abitanti delle città le migliori condizioni di vita. Le smart cities sono ormai considerate una strategia urbana vincente in grado di aumentare la qualità della vita utilizzando la tecnologia, sia per il miglioramento della qualità ambientale che per fornire servizi migliori ai cittadini. A tale scopo, la mobilità risulta essere un elemento chiave per sostenere questo nuovo approccio nella crescita delle città. Infatti, i sistemi di trasporto urbano producono diversi effetti negativi sulla qualità della vita urbana, come ad esempio, inquinamento, traffico e congestione. Pertanto, la mobilità sostenibile è uno degli argomenti più interessanti per le smart cities, in quanto in grado produrre elevati benefici per la qualità della vita di quasi tutte le parti interessate degli agglomerati urbani. La sfida più audace e imminente per la mobilità nelle smart cities del futuro è l'introduzione dell'elettricità come vettore energetico al posto dei combustibili fossili, per quanto riguarda sia il trasporto collettivo che quello privato. I mezzi per il trasporto pubblico comprendono autobus elettrici, filobus, tram, treni passeggeri e trasporto rapido (metropolitane, etc.). Anche se i sistemi di trasporto su ferro sono più efficienti rispetto ad altri modi di trasporto, l’incremento dell'efficienza energetica è un tema importante per ridurre ulteriormente il loro contributo alle emissioni inquinanti e al consumo di energia. Le più promettenti soluzioni per migliorarne l'efficienza energetica consistono nell’implementazione di sistemi avanzati per il recupero dell’energia di frenata e tecnologie di controllo innovative. D’altro canto, l'elettrificazione del trasporto individuale su strada è emersa come una tendenza finalizzata a sostenere gli obiettivi di efficienza energetica e di riduzione delle emissioni di CO2. Secondo l'Agenzia Internazionale per l'Energia, al fine di limitare, entro il 2050, l'aumento della temperatura media globale a 2 °C - la soglia critica che gli scienziati suggeriscono di non superare per evitare pericolosi cambiamenti climatici -, il 21% delle riduzioni di biossido di carbonio deve provenire dal settore trasporti. I veicoli elettrici (EV) utilizzano un motore elettrico e l'energia accumulata nelle batterie per la propulsione, in modo da avere una maggiore efficienza e minori costi operativi rispetto ai veicoli convenzionali con motore a combustione interna. Oggi, esistono in commercio più di 20 modelli offerti da diverse case produttrici che coprono una ampia gamma di modelli che differiscono per dimensione, stile, prezzo e motorizzazione in modo da soddisfare il maggior numero di consumatori possibile. Il continuo sviluppo delle batterie al litio e delle tecnologie di ricarica rapida saranno i principali fattori abilitanti per la diffusione degli EV in un futuro molto prossimo. Tuttavia, l'attuale industria dei veicoli elettrici incontra molte limitazioni tecnico-economiche, come elevati costi, autonomia e tempi di ricarica della batteria, capillarità delle infrastrutture di ricarica. Sebbene sia auspicabile un rapido sviluppo della mobilità elettrica, il suo impatto sulla rete elettrica esistente deve essere investigato a fondo per verificare la necessità di potenziamenti delle infrastrutture e/o l'introduzione di nuovi servizi nella rete elettrica. Infatti, l'interconnessione dei veicoli elettrici con la rete di distribuzione dell’energia necessaria per la ricarica delle batterie può causare effetti negativi sul normale funzionamento del sistema elettrico: una ricarica degli EV non controllata può aumentare significativamente il carico medio negli impianti esistenti, introducendo problemi di affidabilità e sovraccarico. La ricarica intelligente o controllata degli EV consente, invece, di gestire un numero molto maggiore di autovetture elettriche nelle città, riducendo le possibilità di sovraccarico locale e di velocizzare la penetrazione della mobilità elettrica senza che rendere necessari imminenti potenziamenti dei sistemi di produzione di energia elettrica e incrementi della capacità di rete. La ricarica intelligente, inoltre, può anche influire sul bilanciamento del carico sia a livello della sottostazione elettrica che a livello di rete di distribuzione, in particolare quando si verificano molte sessioni di ricarica nelle ore di punta. Infatti, l’utilizzo della capacità della batteria degli EV per l’accumulo di energia elettrica può facilitare l'integrazione su larga scala delle fonti di energia non programmabili, come quelle rinnovabili. Il lavoro di tesi si sviluppa nel contesto di riferimento appena descritto, focalizzando l'attenzione soprattutto sull'impatto che la mobilità elettrica ha sui sistemi elettrici e sull'efficacia di nuove soluzioni finalizzate all’incremento dell'affidabilità nelle smart grids. In particolare, viene proposta un'analisi di scenario per quanto riguarda la gestione intelligente delle ricariche dei veicoli elettrici e alcune soluzioni innovative per aumentare l'efficienza energetica nei sistemi di trasporto elettrificati. Il primo capitolo sottolinea gli aspetti chiave relativi alla mobilità sostenibile nelle smart cities del futuro e fornisce una breve panoramica sul consumo energetico del settore trasporti previsto nel prossimo futuro. In particolare, vengono evidenziate da un lato il significativo contributo che l'elettrificazione dei trasporti urbani può fornire alla causa della mobilità sostenibile, e dall’altro, le gravi preoccupazioni legate all’impatto sui sistemi elettrici esistenti di un notevole incremento della domanda. Il Capitolo 2 propone un metodo per la soluzione del problema congiunto di scheduling dei generatori e load shedding (GRLS) all’interno di microgrids portando in conto l’incertezza sia sulla domanda che lato generazione. Il fine è determinare un nuovo stato di equilibrio stabile in seguito a guasti, riduzione della generazione da fonte rinnovabile o improvviso aumento della domanda. Il capitolo si concentra principalmente sulla formulazione matematica del problema GRLS e sull'algoritmo di soluzione proposto. Infine, sono presentati e commentati i risultati di simulazione basati su un caso studio reale. Nel Capitolo 3, è proposta una metodologia semplice ed efficace per identificare profili di carico tipico relativi alla ricarica di veicoli elettrici: in particolare, l’analisi condotta si basa sull’analisi dei dati acquisiti durante lo svolgimento del progetto di ricerca COSMO. Il capitolo, inoltre, introduce una formulazione matematica del problema dello scheduling delle ricariche dei veicoli elettrici, che garantisce un appiattimento del profilo di carico e riduce allo stesso tempo il costo della ricarica per gli utenti. Infine, sono commentati i risultati delle simulazioni eseguite dimostrando l'efficacia della metodologia proposta. Il Capitolo 4 introduce alcune soluzioni innovative per l'efficienza energetica nei sistemi di trasporto urbani: l’attenzione viene posta, in particolare, sui sistemi di accumulo dell’energia e sulla condotta di guida Eco-Drive in reti metropolitane. In dettaglio, nel capitolo, vengono introdotti e commentati la formulazione matematica dei problemi di ottimizzazione proposti e i rispettivi algoritmi di soluzione. I risultati ottenuti fanno parte delle attività svolte nell’ambito del progetto di ricerca SFERE. Infine, il Capitolo 5 conclude la tesi con alcune osservazioni finali e con i possibili sviluppi dell'attività di ricerca proposta. [a cura dell'autore]<br>XIV n.s.

Smart objects research explores embedding sensing and computing into everyday objects - augmenting objects to be a source of information on their identity, state, and context in the physical world. A major challenge for the design of smart objects is to preserve their original appearance, purpose and function. Consequently, many research projects have focussed on adding input capabilities to objects, while neglecting the requirement for an output capability which would provide a balanced interface. This thesis presents a new approach to add output capability by smart objects cooperating with projector-camera systems. The concept of Cooperative Augmentation enables the knowledge required for visual detection, tracking and projection on smart objects to be embedded within the object itself. This allows projector-camera systems to provide generic display services, enabling spontaneous use by any smart object to achieve non-invasive and interactive projected displays on their surfaces. Smart objects cooperate to achieve this by describing their appearance directly to the projector-camera systems and use embedded sensing to constrain the visual detection process. We investigate natural appearance vision-based detection methods and perform an experimental study specifically analysing the increase in detection performance achieved with movement sensing in the target object. We find that detection performance significantly increases with sensing, indicating the combination of different sensing modalities is important, and that different objects require different appearance representations and detection methods. These studies inform the design and implementation of a system architecture which serves as the basis for three applications demonstrating the aspects of visual detection, integration of sensing, projection, interaction with displays and knowledge updating. The displays achieved with Cooperative Augmentation allow any smart object to deliver visual feedback to users from implicit and explicit interaction with information represented or sensed by the physical object, supporting objects as both input and output medium simultaneously. This contributes to the central vision of Ubiquitous Computing by enabling users to address tasks in physical space with direct manipulation and have feedback on the objects themselves, where it belongs in the real world.

Published Article<br>In this paper an evaluation of smart socioeconomic, physical and environmental characteristics of Bloemfontein city of South Africa was done to understand the current scenario of the city and evolve perspective indicative planning guidelines for transforming the city into a smart city. The evaluation was done based on 74 smart indicators, and 30 factors under six characteristics, such as, smart economy, smart people, smart governance, smart mobility, smart environment and smart living. For this purpose, survey research methodology with analysis of primary and secondary data and review of the current Integrated Development Plan of the city was followed. The investigation of the various indicators revealed that although the city is lagging behind in most of the characteristics, yet provides ample opportunity to develop it as a smart city, if smart city concept and smart growth principles are employed in city development process.

Questa tesi tratta della realizzazione di un'applicazione mobile con l'obiettivo di automatizzare la gestione dei clienti all'interno di un locale commerciale, rendendo il servizio offerto dall'esercente più veloce ed efficiente tramite l'impiego di un dispositivo beacon.

Questo progetto si propone di semplificare, grazie all’innovazione tecnologica, il lungo ed obbligatorio procedimento da seguire per acquistare un qualsiasi farmaco. L’elaborato in questione costituisce dunque un servizio che permette all’utente di farsi consegnare qualsiasi tipologia di farmaco direttamente a casa propria, in un contesto nel quale il bisogno non è urgente. Il sistema si compone di 2 sottosistemi che comunicano tra loro. Il primo è un’applicazione nativa per dispositivi iOS che sarà utilizzata sia dal paziente che dal fattorino. Il paziente grazie a quest’app potrà ordinare farmaci che non necessitano di prescrizione medica e decidere in quale momento della giornata farseli recapitare. La stessa applicazione consentirà al fattorino di monitorare in tempo reale quali ordini è possibile consegnare. E per ordinare i farmaci etici? Qui entra in gioco il secondo sottosistema, un sito web responsive accessibile esclusivamente al medico. Il medico potrà, su richiesta e per conto del paziente, ordinare anche quei farmaci che richiedono prescrizione medica. Il progetto presentato si propone di disegnare ed implementare efficacemente le funzionalità descritte.

Actualmente en el Perú los temas de cultura general, como por ejemplo nuestra historia, son poco valorados y conocidos por personas de todas las edades, esto a partir del gran impacto que ha generado la televisión con el contenido de los llamados programas “basura”. Este proyecto tiene objetivo promover los temas culturales que se han dejado de lado a través de la implementación de un juego trivia para los Smart TV en el que se podrán encontrar preguntas de diferentes categoría y se pondrán a prueba los conocimientos de cada jugador. De esta manera se pueda enfocar el uso de este medio de comunicación a algo más productivo, como el aprendizaje de la cultura general de nuestro Perú a través del juego y la competencia. Para explicar a detalle el proyecto, se ha dividido este documento en cinco capítulos. En el capítulo 1 se detallará el objeto de estudio y el problema encontrado, así como también la solución a tomar, los objetivos y los indicadores de éxito. En el capítulo 2 se explicarán los conceptos relacionados al proyecto, como la definición de Smart TV, trivia y se explicará en qué consiste la gamificación y se explicará más a fondo esta tendencia. En el capítulo 3 se definirá el mercado de aplicaciones Smart TV en el mundo para posteriormente explicar el mercado de aplicaciones a nivel de educación. Posteriormente se explicarán los beneficios de la gamificación en ambientes educativos y sus casos de éxito relacionados. En el capítulo 4 se describirá el desarrollo del proyecto. Finalmente en el capítulo 5 se describirá el producto final y los principales planes de gestión.<br>Actually in Peru, topics about general knowledge, like our history, are little valued an known by people of all ages, this because the great impact TV has generated with TV Shows called "junk". The goal of this project is promoting general knowledge that citizens have forgotten, this through developing a trivia game for Smart TV's. This app has questions of different topics or categories and will test players’ skills. In this way, it can change the point of view about how people think about TV. People would think about TV like a mean of learning about Peru through the game and competition instead of only a mean for watch TV. To explain this project, this document has been divided into five chapters. In the first chapter, we are going to talk about the the object of study and the problem to solve, then about the solution, the goals and success indicators. In chapter 2, we are going to talk about concepts related to the project, such as: definition of Smart TV, trivia, and gamification. In chapter 3, the Smart TV applications market will be defined. Then we will talk about the benefits of gamification in educational environments and the status of education in Peru. Chapter 4 describes the final product, and finally in chapter 5, management plans of the final product are described.

The paper represents an integration of existing smart textiles materials with in the fashion apparel. A pair of jeans termed as Smart Denim was developed in facility of Swedish School of Textiles with phase change material provided by the research organization Swerea IVF. The product was tested at every stage of development and results were carried out in form of graphs.The research work was confined and focused on intelligent textiles taking phase change materials for development of smart denim. Smart denim may influence the ability of the fashion industry to meet the new demands. It will also provide insight of positioning the product with in the fashion market which is quite saturated. Integrating phase change materials within fashionable product denim opens a new way of understanding the fashion market.<br>Program: Magisterutbildning i fashion management med inriktning modemarknadsföring

Tese de Doutoramento em Arquitetura, com a especialização em Tecnologias e Gestão da Construção apresentada na Faculdade de Arquitetura da Universidade de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Doutora.<br>O desenvolvimento sucessivo de Cidades Inteligentes pelo mundo, tem criado uma atitude negativa e prejudicial que resulta na dificuldade de atração de habitantes para estes espaços. As novas tecnologias não são suficientemente impulsionadoras para garantir uma taxa de adoção sustentável dentro destas novas cidades. O conceito de Cidades Inteligentes Climáticas visam resolver esta questão tendo em conta aspectos relacionados na base da habitabilidade e da sustentabilidade. Enquanto o papel da arquitetura nas Cidades Inteligentes Climáticas é ainda mais importante do que Cidades Inteligentes, os princípios que se encontram subjacentes na sua concepção e, em última instância, no seu sucesso, não foram ainda sistematicamente estudados e avaliadas. Este trabalho sistematiza e valida as necessidades de Cidades Inteligentes Climáticas e propõe um conjunto de princípios para a sua planificação, concepção e manutenção. As necessidades foram validadas com os casos de estudo da cidade de ‘Songdo City’ em Incheon, na Coreia do Sul, em Ulaanbaatar na Mongólia e em Minsk na Bielorrúsia. Com a definição dos princípios orientadores subjacentes à concepção de Cidades Inteligentes Climáticas, o quadro proposto permitirá que arquitetos, engenheiros, governos, e organizações internacionais afiram soluções a serem implementadas mundialmente. Estes princípios podem ser facilmente implementados em intervenções em cidades europeias, nas cidades emergentes e, em países subdesenvolvidos que estão sujeitos a um mau planeamento estratégico.<br>ABSTRACT: Successive deployments of Smart Cities around the world are hindered by the difficulty in attracting a critical mass of inhabitants. New technology is not enough as a driver to guarantee a sustained adoption rate within the new cities. The concept of Climate Smart City aims at solving this issue by putting aspects related to liveability and sustainability at the centre. While the role of architecture in Climate Smart Cities is even more important than in Smart Cities, the principles that underlie their design and, ultimately, their success, have never been systematically studied and assessed. This research work systematises and validates the needs of Climate Smart Cities and then proposes a framework of principles for their planning, design and maintenance. The needs are validated with field studies of Songdo City in Incheon, South Korea, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia and Minsk, Belarus. By defining the guiding principles underlying the design of Climate Smart Cities, the proposed framework will also enable architects, engineers, decision-makers and, international organisations to benchmark the solutions to be implemented. These principles can be readily implemented in interventions planned for European cities, emerging cities and, underdeveloped cities subject to poorly strategic planning.<br>N/A

Dissertação de Mestrado em Design, com a especialização em Produto apresentada na Faculdade de Arquitetura da Universidade de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre.<br>Os animais de companhia estão a ser cada vez mais transportados em viagens pelos seus tutores. O forte crescimento de estabelecimentos ditos “pet friendly” encorajou os viajantes a levarem consigo os amigos de quatro patas e impulsionou o mercado em relação aos transportes dos mesmos nas companhias aéreas, terrestres e marítimas. Entretanto, uma preocupação surgiu em relação a qualidade da viagem para os animais: será que eles estão a ser transportados adequadamente? Na procura para esta resposta, neste trabalho investigou-se de que maneira o design de produto, fazendo uso de tecnologias smart, poderia desenvolver um produto que garanta o bem-estar dos animais de companhia transportados diariamente em todo o mundo. Em razão disto, pesquisamos sobre as áreas de estudo relacionadas a este tipo de transporte e fizemos análises sobre as tendências de mercado e sobre o público-alvo, que nos permitiu desenvolver um anteprojeto de um produto e, por fim, avaliar o mesmo com o auxílio de pessoas que estariam interessadas em sua realização, ou seja, aquelas que têm animais e viajam com eles.<br>ABSTRACT: Pets are being transported more and more on trips by their tutors. The strong growth of "pet friendly" establishments encouraged travelers to take their four-legged friends with them and boosted the market with regard to their transport in airlines, land and sea. However, a concern has arisen regarding the quality of the trip for the animals: are they being transported properly? In the search for this answer, in this work we investigated how product design, using smart technologies, could develop a product that guarantees the welfare of companion animals transported daily around the world. As a result, we researched the areas of study related to this type of transport and analyzed the market trends and the target audience, which allowed us to develop a preliminary design of a product and, finally, to evaluate the same with the people who would be interested in its fulfillment, that is, those who have animals and travel with them.<br>N/A

The work deals with a high-tech system – smart home. Smart home system is a great solution that is able to provide the highest level of comfort and safety for people living in the home.<br>У роботі йдеться про високотехнологічну систему – інтелектуальний дім. Система інтелектуального дому – це чудове рішення, яке здатне забезпечити найвищий рівень комфорту та безпеки для людей, які живуть в будинку.<br>Работа посвящена высокотехнологичной системе – интеллектуальному дому. Система интеллектуальный дом – отличное решение, способное обеспечить максимальный уровень комфорта и безопасности для людей, живущих в доме.

Arlington, people who suffered burns of the face could have their facial skin regrown by wearing intelligent biomechanical masks. Scientists at UT Arlington in cooperation with the US Army and Northwestern University have a great aim. This invention is going to help suffered people to live comfortably in the modern world. Under conventional treatment, damaged tissue is removed and then special grafts are replaced on the burned place of the skin. But there are some flaws of such a procedure – it can often cause speech problems, scarring and other skin deformities. Besides, all the accompanying problems may require multiple operations.

An important aspect of human life is house. After all, a house, apartment or flat are the places where a person spends most of free time. A house is a fortress which should be cozy, comfortable, beautiful and what is the most important - safe and at the same time needs to be economically efficient. That is the maximum resource saving electricity, water, heat and natural gas.

A smart city is defined as a city that engages its citizens and connects its infrastructure electronically. The smart city concept has been introduced to solve a number of problems that arise in the management of any big city, especially megalopolises. Special attention is paid to the development of business and city through the construction of a favorable business infrastructure. The smart-city researchers have identified six characteristics that are essential to explain the concept. Economy. It includes dynamic business processes, labor market flexibility, etc. Smart people. Human capital recognizes the rights of all communities who are open minded and cosmopolitan. Intelligent control. Intelligent government put objectives of a strategic nature, involves rational decision-making processes, creating strategic plans. Smart safe transport and information infrastructure. This allows cities and districts within it, to be accessible for the outside individuals. Environment. It involves wise use of natural resources and the orientation on sustainable development, as well as reducing environmental pollution. Intelligent life in the city. Intelligent life in the city means the presence of cultural, health, educational facilities centers, etc. Each characteristic determines an economic function. It significantly affects individuals and businesses as far as life quality improvement, and increases economic opportunities.

Although automated greenhouse systems are widely used in industrial horticulture, the availability of similar, but simpler and affordable systems for residential greenhouses is low. The purpose of this project is, therefore, to design and develop a smart greenhouse system that supports standalone and remote monitoring and control of residential greenhouses. More specifically, this thesis focused on the design and implementation of the user interface and communication model of a smart greenhouse system. This project proposes a system architecture that can be used for converting a regular greenhouse into a smart greenhouse. The purpose of this is to enable users to monitor and control vital crop factors based on their needs. The resulting system is a userfriendly mobile application, a cloud-based storage service, and a responsive greenhouse system. Further development could focus on user experience and publish/subscribe distribution to achieve low power consumption.<br>Automatiska växthussystem används i stor utsträckning inom industriell trädgårdsodling men tillgängligheten för liknande, enklare och prisvärda system för bostadshus är låg. Syftet med detta projekt är därför att designa och utveckla ett smart växthussystem som stödjer monitorering och kontroll av mindre privata växthus. Denna avhandling fokuserar specifikt på design och implementering av ett användargränssnitt och en kommunikationsmodell för ett smart växthussystem. Detta projekt föreslår en systemarkitektur som kan användas för att konvertera ett vanligt växthus till ett smart växthus. Syftet med detta är att göra det möjligt för användare att övervaka och kontrollera viktiga grödofaktorer baserat på deras behov. Det resulterande systemet är en användarvänlig mobilapplikation, en molnbaserad lagringstjänst och ett responsivt växthussystem. En vidareutveckling av systemet kan fokusera på användarvänlighet och publish/subscribe distribution för att uppnå låg energiförbrukning.

En el Perú y el mundo hay tendencias importantes en crecimiento, por un lado tenemos los cambios sociales respecto al bienestar de la salud física y mental donde jóvenes y mayores buscan alimentarse saludablemente reduciendo el azúcar, harinas o grasas, bebiendo más agua o practicando actividades relacionadas al deporte. Negocios cómo los gimnasios, spa, sauna, etc. vienen creciendo anualmente, así mismo, la importancia de un buen descanso para las personas está ganando un lugar importante en esta tendencia y es que la llamada “calidad de sueño” es más que solo dormir, es el momento donde el cuerpo recupera y se prepara física y mentalmente para afrontar las actividades diarias de las personas. Por otro lado, la evolución de la tecnología es parte de nuestras vidas, desde muy pequeños convivimos con productos inteligentes y contar con uno no es solo estar actualizado sino ganar un status en la sociedad actual. Debido a esto, es una gran oportunidad para Smart Blanket lanzar un producto inteligente que cubra esta necesidad contribuyendo a la salud y a través de la tecnología. Existen aplicaciones exitosas dedicadas a mejorar la calidad de sueño a través de melodías relajantes, por lo que ya hay intención de cubrir esta necesidad y nuestro producto lo hace de la misma forma y mejor teniendo otras consideraciones importantes que se detallan a la largo del proyecto donde demostraremos también, que con una inversión inicial de S/. 81,145.00 podemos generar importantes ingresos, una rentabilidad que nos permita recuperar la inversión dentro del primer año y una escalabilidad a otros sectores del país o incluso con otros productos relacionados.<br>In Peru and the world there are important trends in growth, on the one hand we have social changes regarding the well-being of physical and mental health where young and old seek to eat healthy by reducing sugar, flour or fat, drinking more water or practicing related activities to sport. Business like gyms, spa, sauna, etc. They have been growing annually, likewise, the importance of a good rest for people is gaining an important place in this trend and is that the so-called "quality of sleep" is more than just sleeping, it is the time when the body recovers and prepares physically and mentally to deal with people's daily activities. On the other hand, the evolution of technology is part of our lives, from a very young age we coexisted with smart products and having one is not only up-to-date but also gaining a status in today's society. Because of this, it is a great opportunity for Smart blanked to launch a smart product that meets this need by contributing to health and through technology. There are successful applications dedicated to improving sleep quality through relaxing melodies, so there is already an intention to cover this need and our product does it in the same way and better having other important considerations that are detailed throughout the project where We will also demonstrate that with an initial investment of S /. 81,145.00 we can generate significant income, a return that allows us to recover the investment within the first year and scalability to other sectors of the country or even with other related products.<br>Trabajo de investigación

Creación de empresa Smart Table una marca de muebles funcionales que pone a a disposición de sus clientes escritorios, mesas de centro, etc., que son totalmente diferente y a su vez aportan a un toque moderno a la decoración del hogar, beneficiando a aquellas personas que tienen que lidiar con departamentos pequeños. El principal atractivo de Smart Table es su practicidad y funcionalidad, ya que son mesas/cuadro que van pegados a la pared, pero cuando se requiera usar la mesa solo separas las patas que están escondidas en el marco del cuadro, la bajas y tienes una mesa de centro o un escritorio listo para usar. He ahí la innovación y diferencia con las demás marcas del mercado. Además, Smart Table no solo proporciona una solución fácil para espacios reducidos, sino que también cuida los diseños y colores en tendencia, por lo que es un producto que complementara la decoración de tu hogar. En la actualidad existen departamentos desde 40m2 y las áreas en general de los departamentos se han reducido en un 7%. Los clientes que demandan estos departamentos pequeños son parejas jóvenes o adultos jóvenes que trabajan y estudian, las personas buscan departamentos pequeños, pero no encuentran muebles que se adapten a las necesidades de sus hogares. Existe una gran demanda por parte de los usuarios para adquirir muebles modernos y funcionales que les permita decorar y ahorrar espacios, asimismo valoran los diseños y los acabados de calidad, además de la funcionalidad que les pueda brindar un mueble. Los clientes cada vez están optando por realizar compras online, ya que les permite ahorrar tiempo y les evita tener que movilizarse a otros lugares, esta es una una gran oportunidad de venta a través de las nuevas plataformas virtuales como Lineo y Mercado Libre, ya que en estas los usuarios pueden encontrar mayores opciones de muebles que se adecuen a sus necesidades.<br>Trabajo de investigación

SMART FEEDER es una empresa importadora establecida en la ciudad de Lima – Perú con proyección a establecerse también en las principales ciudades del país. Hoy en día las diversas generaciones cuentan con una mascota en casa que nos brindan un amor especial y momentos muy agradables. Es por ello que estamos importando, pensando en el bienestar de ambos (dueño – mascota) un producto que brinda la tranquilidad a las personas que cuentan con una mascota y no cuentan con tiempo suficiente para alimentarlo porque su ausencia es prolongada. Nuestro producto propone la solución a este problema ya que no será necesario la presencia de una persona para que las mascotas puedan alimentarse a sus horas, esto se logra con un plato con seis compartimientos, el cual contará con una pantalla electrónica LCD con panel de control que permitirá la activación automática de cada compartimiento a una hora programada, acompañado del sonido personalizado de la voz del amo o algún sonido característico a la hora de comer. Nuestro país y de manera particular, nuestra capital Lima se caracteriza por ser amantes de las mascotas, diversos estudios demuestran que el gasto en su cuidado se ha incrementado, que el mercado es cada vez más grande y va en crecimiento constante.<br>SMART FEEDER is an importing company established in the city of Lima - Peru with a projection to be established also in the main cities of the country. Nowadays, the different generations have a pet at home that gives us a special love and very pleasant moments. That is why we are importing a product, thinking about the welfare of both (owner - pet), that provides peace of mind to people who have a pet and do not have enough time to feed him because his absence is prolonged. Our product proposes the solution to this problem since it will not be necessary the presence of a person so that pets can feed at their hours, this is achieved with a dish with six compartments, which will have an electronic LCD screen with control panel that will allow the automatic activation of each compartment at a scheduled time, accompanied by the personalized sound of the owners voice or a characteristic sound at lunchtime. Our country and, in particular, our capital, Lima, is known for being lovers of pets, various studies show that the cost of their care has increased, that the market is getting bigger and growing steadily<br>Trabajo de investigación

TESISS PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE MAGÍSTER EN ADMINISTRACIÓN<br>Héctor Pereira Garrido [Parte I], Álvaro Andrés Torres Meza [Parte II]<br>La actividad empresarial enfrenta un alto grado de competitividad en las diferentes industrias. Poder diferenciarse con el consumidor y optimizar la toma decisiones es crítico para el éxito en el mercado. Actualmente se implementan iniciativas para el fin mencionado, sin embargo son exclusivas de grandes empresas, tales como: “La correcta asignación del recurso humano mediante un agendamiento eficiente; El análisis de variables críticas del negocio; El desarrollo de planes de fidelización hacia el consumidor ó La utilización de software´s especializados”. Empresarios de menor tamaño y Profesionales independientes realizan estas actividades de manera artesanal o instintiva. AGENDA SMART a través de su Propuesta de Valor, viene a dar solución a estas necesidades mediante los siguientes Pilares: Agendamiento, Business Analytics, Fidelización y Software. Nuestro segmento objetivo son Odontólogos, Veterinarios y SPA/Peluquerías. Son mercados grandes que requieren los servicios prestados por AGENDA SMART y no están siendo atendidos hasta ahora, lo que conlleva pocos competidores para nuestra empresa. En la actualidad nuestro segmento objetivo asciende a 18.500 potenciales clientes, según la investigación de mercado que realizamos. AGENDA SMART se proyecta internacionalmente. En base al tamaño de mercado, el grado de desarrollo tecnológico y la experiencia laboral del Equipo Gestor en la Región, definimos ingresar a 4 Países gradualmente: Chile (Año 1), Perú (Año 2), Argentina (Año 3) y Colombia (Año 4). A nivel de EERR, AGENDA SMART proyecta ventas por USD 2,4 MM al 5° Año de operación. A contar del 3° Año AGENDA SMART presenta en promedio un Resultado Operacional y Utilidades Netas de 49,6% y 39,5% respectivamente (el 4° y 5° Año son mayores aún). En relación al Flujo de Caja, AGENDA SMART presenta una TIR de 73,3% y un VAN de USD 1,374 MM. Este último fue calculado con una tasa WACC del 18,52%. AGENDA SMART requiere un Aumento de Capital Total de USD 580.000. Para dicho fin, los Socios Fundadores realizaremos un Aporte de Capital de USD 240.000. La Propuesta para el Inversionista contempla un Aporte de Capital por USD 340.000. Por su parte los Socios Fundadores ofrecen un 47,8% en la Propiedad de la Empresa. El hecho pertenecer a la Industria de soluciones tecnológicas, la creciente penetración del e-commerce y la naturaleza B2C de nuestros clientes, implica que AGENDA SMART tiene un altísimo potencial de Salida, gracias a la enorme cantidad de información que iremos incorporando día a día. Los Socios Fundadores de AGENDA SMART, somos profesionales con importante experiencia en negocios internacionales, especialmente en Latinoamérica. Ambos trabajamos constantemente con plataformas tecnológicas y estamos muy conscientes de la importancia que tienen para la toma de decisiones.

Semester paper describes the design of smart sockets and their management. Sockets are wirelessly controlled by a central unit. The socket has an integrated sensor, designed to measure current consumption of the device. If necessary, it can remotely disconnect the unit plugged in socket from AC network. Work includes analysis of individual system elements, design of electrical schematics and PCB. In the construction is included ethernet module, which is used to display data using a computer.. The device has been constructed and tested.

Smart Grid research is growing around the world due to the need to replace the ageing old electricity grid with an intelligent, reliable electricity network. The smart grid aims at creating a reliable power distribution and efficient power usage in homes. One of the key issues focused in this project is providing real time energy feedback to users, which is minimal or non-existent in the current grid system. This thesis investigates about using smart TVs to provide real time energy feedback in homes. Since its introduction in 2009 smart TVs are growing in popularity in European market. To provide real time energy feedback on smart TVs three features are identified Smart TV application, ambilighting and push notification. The Human-centered design process is used for designing the Smart TV interface system using the identified features. A literature study is conducted to gather the user requirements for the smart TV interface. The information gathered during the study is used for the design and implementation of the interface prototype. As an example platform the Philips smart TV 2013 is chosen to demonstrate the various features that can be used to provide energy feedback. The usability of the Smart TV interface is evaluated with users and the results are recorded. The smart TV application, ambient lighting and push notification system in Smart TVs is demonstrated for providing real-time energy feedback. The interface is evaluated with users and results are discussed. The result suggests that Smart TVs can serve as an informational display in homes. The Smart TV interface should be interlinked with Smart Phone and Tablet applications to be effective, further the users prefer the Smart Phone over the Smart TV application to control the household devices.<br>The thesis work evaluates the potential of using smart TVs to provide real time energy feedback in homes. The results of the thesis showed that smart phone are the primary interaction medium suitable for home environment while smart TVs can serve as an informative medium to provide ambient feedback in homes.<br>praveenjelish@ymail.com +46727700788

Published Article<br>South African cities are in the process of transition in the changing scenario and need a change in the planning perspective for their sustainable development. The concept of smart city offers opportunities for such development to many middle sized cities of South Africa. Therefore, in this paper conceptual modelling for development of smart cities in South Africa is attempted based on systems concept. The conceptual models are built by using the principles of system dynamics methodology and based on causal feedback relationships among the various factors under different smart characteristics of a city such as, smart economy, smart people, smart governance, smart mobility, smart environment and smart living. The causal feedback loops and interrelationship among various parameters illustrate the dynamicity and influence of parameters on one another, which would able to assist in evolving plausible policy interventions for developing smart cities in South Africa. It is concluded that the modelling approaches presented here could guide the policy makers and city planners to evolve robust and responsive policy interventions for developing smart cities in the changing scenario.

The necessity of a revolution in the electrical system is obvious, and smart meters will be the solution. The development of smart grids will be built over the new electronic measuring devices, which imply a challenge for the next few years in the engineering field.In order to understand the basics of smart grids, we have carried a description and comparison of both the current and the next-gen electrical systems. Emphasizing the advantages and opportunities obtained by changing into the smart grids, it demonstrates the importance of moving towards a more modern measurement system.A very important issue is to decide which should be the minimum features in Smart Meters, therefore this thesis analyzes the different exiting models and also proposes several suggestions for the future. Finally, it was conducted a report of the current deployment situation of this new technology in various representative countries. Describing the settings and options chosen by each country, we can achieve a conclusion that unifies a standard solution by the choice of the best proposals.

To create the possibilities needed for more precise simulations and calculations regarding manufacturing changes in the equipment and new technology has to be implemented. This work investigates possible solutions for the gathering of information in manufacturing companies. To get a wider understanding of the current situation in manufacturing we have also researched some possible solutions and applications that can be applied in manufacturing. The work consists of a literature study regarding the possible solutions and technologies of smart manufacturing complemented by a survey and a follow-up interview with scientist and employees’ at large corporations to get their view of the business today and possibilities for the future. The benefits from a successful implementation of metrology can help companies toward success in the transformation toward smart manufacturing. This report also investigates what is needed for implementing smart manufacturing and the transformation in manufacturing companies to get economic advantages with a technological adaption. It also covers the possible difficulties and problems that may occur when this implementation is performed.<br>Vid skapandet av grunder för att möjliggöra beräkningar och simulering för produktion så finns det krav på att nya verktyg och ny teknik implementeras. Detta arbete undersöker möjliga lösningar för att samla in information i industriella företag samt hur dessa företag ska gå tillväga för att möjliggöra denna omställning. För att få en bättre förståelse för området har vi även undersökt några möjliga applikationer som kan implementeras inom industrin. Arbetet består av en litteraturstudie där vi undersökte området smart manufacturing samt möjliga lösningar och tekniker som krävs för att uppnå detta. Som komplement till detta skapades även en enkät som baserades på området, svaren från enkäten följdes upp av intervjuer med deltagarna. Deltagarna var särskilt utvalda personer på större industriföretag eller institutioner vilka hade erfarenheter inom området metrologi. Detta användes som utökad grund för att få både en uppfattning av dagsläget samt idéer inför framtiden. Fördelarna med en lyckad implementering av metrologi kan hjälpa företag att ta steget mot att applicera smart manufacturing i deras produktion. Detta kan möjliggöra enklare produktion för operatörer men även ekonomiska fördelar för företaget i helhet. Arbetet tar även upp möjliga problem eller svårigheter som kan ske under denna implementation

Traffic congestion has become one of the major challenging problems of modern life in many urban areas. This growing problem leads to negative environmental impacts, wasted fuel, lost productivity, and increased travel time. In big cities, trains and buses bring riders to transit stations near shopping and employment centers, but riders then need another transportation mode to reach their final destination, which is known as the last mile problem. A smart bike-sharing system (BSS) can help address this problem and encourage more people to ride public transportation, thus relieving traffic congestion. At the strategic level, we start with proposing a novel two-layer hierarchical classifier that increases the accuracy of traditional transportation mode classification algorithms. In the transportation sector, researchers can use smartphones to track and obtain information of multi-mode trips. These data can be used to recognize the user's transportation mode, which can be then utilized in several different applications; such as planning new BSS instead of using costly surveys. Next, a new method is proposed to quantify the effect of several factors such as weather conditions on the prediction of bike counts at each station. The proposed approach is promising to quantify the effect of various features on BSSs in cases of large networks with big data. Third, these resulted significant features were used to develop state-of-the-art toolbox algorithms to operate BSSs efficiently at two levels: network and station. Finally, we proposed a quality-of-service (QoS) measurement, namely Optimal Occupancy, which considers the impact of inhomogeneity in a BSS. We used one of toolbox algorithms modeled earlier to estimate the proposed QoS. Results revealed that the Optimal Occupancy is beneficial and outperforms the traditionally-known QoS measurement.<br>PHD

Smart Grid (SG) is an electrical grid enhanced with information and communication technology capabilities, so it can support two-way electricity and communication flows among various entities in the grid. The aim of SG is to make the electricity industry operate more efficiently and to provide electricity in a more secure, reliable and sustainable manner. Automated Meter Reading (AMR) and Smart Electric Vehicle (SEV) charging are two SG applications tipped to play a major role in achieving this aim. The AMR application allows different SG entities to collect users’ fine-grained metering data measured by users’ Smart Meters (SMs). The SEV charging application allows EVs’ charging parameters to be changed depending on the grid’s state in return for incentives for the EV owners. However, both applications impose risks on users’ privacy. Entities having access to users’ fine-grained metering data may use such data to infer individual users’ personal habits. In addition, users’ private information such as users’/EVs’ identities and charging locations could be exposed when EVs are charged. Entities may use such information to learn users’ whereabouts, thus breach their privacy. This thesis proposes secure and user privacy-preserving protocols to support AMR and SEV charging in an efficient, scalable and cost-effective manner. First, it investigates both applications. For AMR, (1) it specifies an extensive set of functional requirements taking into account the way liberalised electricity markets work and the interests of all SG entities, (2) it performs a comprehensive threat analysis, based on which, (3) it specifies security and privacy requirements, and (4) it proposes to divide users’ data into two types: operational data (used for grid management) and accountable data (used for billing). For SEV charging, (1) it specifies two modes of charging: price-driven mode and price-control-driven mode, and (2) it analyses two use-cases: price-driven roaming SEV charging at home location and price-control-driven roaming SEV charging at home location, by performing threat analysis and specifying sets of functional, security and privacy requirements for each of the two cases. Second, it proposes a novel Decentralized, Efficient, Privacy-preserving and Selective Aggregation (DEP2SA) protocol to allow SG entities to collect users’ fine-grained operational metering data while preserving users’ privacy. DEP2SA uses the homomorphic Paillier cryptosystem to ensure the confidentiality of the metering data during their transit and data aggregation process. To preserve users’ privacy with minimum performance penalty, users’ metering data are classified and aggregated accordingly by their respective local gateways based on the users’ locations and their contracted suppliers. In this way, authorised SG entities can only receive the aggregated data of users they have contracts with. DEP2SA has been analysed in terms of security, computational and communication overheads, and the results show that it is more secure, efficient and scalable as compared with related work. Third, it proposes a novel suite of five protocols to allow (1) suppliers to collect users accountable metering data, and (2) users (i) to access, manage and control their own metering data and (ii) to switch between electricity tariffs and suppliers, in an efficient and scalable manner. The main ideas are: (i) each SM to have a register, named accounting register, dedicated only for storing the user’s accountable data, (ii) this register is updated by design at a low frequency, (iii) the user’s supplier has unlimited access to this register, and (iv) the user cancustomise how often this register is updated with new data. The suite has been analysed in terms of security, computational and communication overheads. Fourth, it proposes a novel protocol, known as Roaming Electric Vehicle Charging and Billing, an Anonymous Multi-User (REVCBAMU) protocol, to support the priced-driven roaming SEV charging at home location. During a charging session, a roaming EV user uses a pseudonym of the EV (known only to the user’s contracted supplier) which is anonymously signed by the user’s private key. This protocol protects the user’s identity privacy from other suppliers as well as the user’s privacy of location from its own supplier. Further, it allows the user’s contracted supplier to authenticate the EV and the user. Using two-factor authentication approach a multi-user EV charging is supported and different legitimate EV users (e.g., family members) can be held accountable for their charging sessions. With each charging session, the EV uses a different pseudonym which prevents adversaries from linking the different charging sessions of the same EV. On an application level, REVCBAMU supports fair user billing, i.e., each user pays only for his/her own energy consumption, and an open EV marketplace in which EV users can safely choose among different remote host suppliers. The protocol has been analysed in terms of security and computational overheads.

Contemporary cities challenge with complex problems. Different aspects of problems can be listed like ecological, demographical, economical or spatial. These problems require smart solutions. Increasing population and urbanization also force us to develop intelligent approaches to create economically, socially and environmentally sustainable cities. It&rsquo<br>s important that local authorities and planners have to have precise data to take actions against day to day urban problems. Collecting data and turning them in a knowledge are valuable for taking decisions and formulating urban policies. ICT technologies help spatial planners and decision-makers for collecting data and using them for taking agile and smart decisions. These smart solutions can be applied to different domains of cities. This thesis aims at elaborating the smart city concept and its potentials for solving complex urban challenges. A general analysis of world examples and a more profound analysis of a case study, namely Singapore Intelligent Island, have helped understanding the principles and criteria for attaining smartness in cities. The inferences from these analyses can provide a basis for the Turkish context. There are certain policies driven by Ministry of Environment and Urbanism in Turkey. Strategic action plans and legislative regulations can be a base for smart solutions for Turkish context.

This thesis presents an experimental smart tactile sensor system based on a 16-by-16 array of Force Sensing Resistor (FSR) elements. The tactile image data are acquired, memorized, and then transferred to a PC by an electronic interface using a PICmicro microcontroller. A user-friendly graphical user interface, integrates all the functions needed to acquire, process, display and save the tactile measurement data. Experiments on a set of 3D geometric symbols illustrate the functionality of the tactile sensor system. Finally, an application of the smart tactile sensor for robotic tactile object recognition is presented.

This paper gives insight into the paradigm of Smart Grid with focus on the smart building as its fundamental part. After a theoretical description of a current grid?s evolution to smart form as well as basic features and functionalities of a smart building, a draft model of the building has been developed in the AnyLogic program. It simulates the behaviour of a smart building and possibilities it can provide to the grid through various scenarios. In the end, a cost and benefit analysis has been conducted to show expenses and revenues in case of implementing a smart house at different locations (Norway and Croatia), and profitability of such a project.This assignment is realised as a part of the collaborative project &quot;Sustainable Energy and Environment in Western Balkans&quot; that aims to develop and establish five new internationally recognized MSc study programs for the field of &quot;Sustainable Energy and Environment&quot;, one at each of the five collaborating universities in three different WB countries. The project is funded through the Norwegian Programme in Higher Education, Research and Development in the Western Balkans, Programme 3: Energy Sector (HERD Energy) for the period 2011-2013.